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People increasingly read text displayed on digital devices, including computers, handheld e-readers, and smartphones. Given this, there is rapidly growing interest in understanding how the cognitive processes that support the reading of static text (e.g., books, magazines, or newspapers) might be adapted to reading digital texts. Evidence from recent experiments suggests a complex interplay of visual and cognitive influences on how people engage with digital reading. Although readers can strategically adjust their reading behaviors in response to their immediate reading context, the efficacy of these strategies depends on cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational factors. A better understanding of the factors that influence reading offers the promise of leveraging digital technologies to enhance the reading experience.
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Metacognição , Leitura , Humanos , Cognição , Livros , MotivaçãoRESUMO
IoT platforms for the transportation industry are portable with limited battery life and need real-time and long-term monitoring operations. Since MQTT and HTTP are widely used as the main communication protocols in the IoT, it is imperative to analyze their power consumption to provide quantitative results that help maximize battery life in IoT transportation systems. Although is well known that MQTT consumes less power than HTTP, a comparative analysis of their power consumption with long-time tests and different conditions has not yet been conducted. In this sense, a design and validation of an electronic cost-efficient platform system for remote real-time monitoring is proposed using a NodeMCU module, in which experimentation is carried out for HTTP and MQTT with different QoS levels to make a comparison and demonstrate the differences in power consumption. Furthermore, we characterize the behavior of the batteries in the systems and compare the theoretical analysis with real long-time test results. The experimentation using the MQTT protocol with QoS 0 and 1 was successful, resulting in power savings of 6.03% and 8.33%, respectively, compared with HTTP, demonstrating many more hours in the duration of the batteries, which could be very useful in technological solutions for the transport industry.
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O presente trabalho, um artigo de caráter bibliográfico e documental, discute como se constrói a narrativa do médico e comunicador Drauzio Varella em texto publicado no site homônimo, avaliando de que maneira sua produção discursiva leva ao público não especializado em saúde informações acerca de enfermidades como a Covid-19. Discute-se também como o médico infectologista e pesquisador Rico Vasconcelos trata o tema HIV/AIDS em outro texto. A saúde coletiva nos servirá de campo de análise, pois discutiremos se as publicações foram elaboradas com base em um modelo biomédico hegemônico, conferindo visão monolítica aos temas aos quais dá destaque, ou se é possível extrair dos escritos um viés interdisciplinar, que permite ao leitor compreender questões relacionadas ao processo saúde-doença indo além dos limites definidos pela medicina, sensu stricto. Avaliaremos também os aspectos concernentes à linguagem usada, já que se trata de textos em versão on-line, e os meios digitais têm transformado modos de leitura e escrita por intermédio do chamado hipertexto. O artigo lançará mão de elementos que promoverão a articulação entre duas diferentes áreas do conhecimento: a medicina (integrante da área da saúde) e a comunicação (representada pela divulgação científica em saúde).
The present paper, a bibliographical and documentary article, discusses how the narrative of physician and communicator Drauzio Varella is constructed in a text published on the eponymous website, evaluating how his discursive production leads to non-specialized public health information about diseases such as COVID-19. It is also discussed how the infectologist doctor and researcher Rico Vasconcelos deals with the subject of HIV/AIDS in another text. Collective health will serve as a field of analysis, since we will discuss if the publications were prepared on the basis of a hegemonic biomedical model, giving a monolithic vision to the themes to which it gives prominence, or if it is possible to extract from the writings an interdisciplinary bias, which allows the reader to understand questions related to the health-disease process going beyond the limits defined by medicine, sensu stricto. We will also evaluate the aspects related to the language used, since we are dealing with texts in an on-line version, and the digital media have transformed modes of reading and writing through the so-called hypertext. The article will make use of elements that will promote the linkage between two different areas of knowledge: medicine (an integral part of the health area) and communication (represented by scientific diffusion in health).
Este trabajo, un artículo de naturaleza bibliográfica y documental, discute cómo se construye la narrativa del médico y comunicador Drauzio Varella en un texto publicado en el sitio web homónimo, evaluando cómo su producción discursiva lleva al público no especializado en información sanitaria sobre enfermedades como Covid-19. También se discute cómo el médico infectólogo e investigador Rico Vasconcelos aborda el tema del VIH/SIDA en otro texto. La salud colectiva servirá como campo de análisis, ya que discutiremos si las publicaciones fueron preparadas sobre la base de un modelo hegemónico biomédico, confiriendo visión monolítica a los temas a los que se destaca, o si es posible extraer de los escritos un sesgo interdisciplinario, que permita al lector entender temas relacionados con el proceso de enfermedad que van más allá de los límites definidos por la medicina, sensu stricto. También evaluaremos los aspectos relativos al lenguaje utilizado, ya que son textos en versión on-line, y los medios digitales han transformado los modos de lectura y escritura a través del llamado hipertexto. El artículo recurrirá a elementos que promoverán la vinculación entre dos áreas diferentes de conocimiento: la medicina (un miembro del área de salud) y la comunicación (representada por la divulgación científica en salud).
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In this commentary, the authors move beyond digital literacy and take up the question of what digital citizenship means and looks like in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To engage with questions of ethical practice, the authors begin with the International Society for Technology in Education framework for digital citizenship. They expand on these standards to argue for an awareness of the ethical questions facing citizens online that are difficult to encompass as a set of skills or competencies. The authors then take these considerations into a set of practical steps for teachers to nurture participatory and social justice-oriented digital citizenship as part of the curriculum. The authors conclude by noting the digital divide and social inequities that have been highlighted by the current crisis.
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Introducción: la creación de nuevos entornos de formación profesional, con el uso de diferentes modalidades de formación y educación con sistemas complejos de medios formativos virtuales enriquecen el carácter multidimensional de la cultura y la multilateralidad del proceso de formación profesional por lo que son necesarias nuevas dinámicas renovadoras en la orientación profesional donde media la cultura hipermedial. Objetivo: determinar las implicaciones de la cultura hipermedial en el proceso de formación profesional universitario en la contemporaneidad.Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica del tema donde se exponen los principales impactos en el pregrado y el posgrado, tanto para estudiantes como para docentes.Conclusiones: como idea generalizadora, la cultura hipermedial tiene implicación en el rol del profesor y del profesional en formación imponiéndole nuevas dinámicas de actuación donde media la Tecnología de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC)(AU)
Introduction: The creation of new professional training environments, with the use of different training and education modalities with complex systems of virtual training means enriching the multidimensional character of the culture and the multiple sides of the professional training process, which is why new dynamics are necessary as renovators in professional orientation where hypermedia culture mediates. Objective: To determine the implications of the hypermedia culture in the process of university professional training in the contemporaneity.Methods: A bibliographic review of the subject is presented, where the main impacts on both students and teachers in undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Conclusions: As a generalized idea, hypermedia culture has an implication in the role of the teacher and the professional under training, imposing new dynamics of action where Information and Communication Technology (ICT) mediates(AU)
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Humanos , Hipermídia , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Capacitação ProfissionalRESUMO
This article proposes a novel, web-based, remote monitoring and control system design for a building's electrical power, green power generation and environmental system that will save energy. The supervisory control system is based on the use of distributed microcontroller architecture to access programmable logic controllers (PLC) and remote input/output devices through the system hardware framework with uniform Ethernet technology. The programmable logic controller (PLC) can access and control devices directly or through RS-232 and RS-485 serial communication. The distributed microcontroller is the control module designated through an open-source firmware, to transform heterogeneous communication to Modbus transmission control protocol (TCP) communication and to achieve the exchange of information between the host and client controller. The proposed supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is based on the professional software of InduSoft Web Studio and provides a supervisory control design with a friendly humanâ»machine interface. The system can realize real-time data acquisition and storage, control command transmission, system security and power trend analysis. Finally, the proposed SCADA system can be built directly into the hypertext markup language (HTML) and HTML5 and run on the web server, allowing access from a personal computer or smartphone web browser. Our system goals are to greatly reduce system complexity and maintenance costs with a simple Ethernet architecture. The control system can be easily expanded with the same technology culture outside the restrictive one of the large companies. Hence, this system can easily be used in a smart home system to enhance the quality of its inhabitants.
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Objective To develop a piece of software to execute batch data input for PACS.Methods The running modes of HIS and PACS and related databases were analyzed.The oracle call interface (OCI) of hypertext preprocessor (PHP) was used to expand the access database,so that multi pieces of data were input into PACS database in one time.Results The batch input was realized for PACS,and the time consumed was decreased greatly while the accuracy and utilization rate of the data were guaranteed in the catheterization room.Conclusion The software expand the function of PACS with low cost and high efficiency,and meets the requirements of the catheterization room and other departments.
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BACKGROUND: Highlighted text in the Internet (i.e., hypertext) is predominantly blue and underlined. The perceptibility of these hypertext characteristics was heavily questioned by applied research and empirical tests resulted in inconclusive results. The ability to recognize blue text in foveal and parafoveal vision was identified as potentially constrained by the low number of foveally centered blue light sensitive retinal cells. The present study investigates if foveal and parafoveal perceptibility of blue hypertext is reduced in comparison to normal black text during reading. METHODS: A silent-sentence reading study with simultaneous eye movement recordings and the invisible boundary paradigm, which allows the investigation of foveal and parafoveal perceptibility, separately, was realized (comparing fixation times after degraded vs. un-degraded parafoveal previews). Target words in sentences were presented in either black or blue and either underlined or normal. RESULTS: No effect of color and underlining, but a preview benefit could be detected for first pass reading measures. Fixation time measures that included re-reading, e.g., total viewing times, showed, in addition to a preview effect, a reduced fixation time for not highlighted (black not underlined) in contrast to highlighted target words (either blue or underlined or both). DISCUSSION: The present pattern reflects no detectable perceptual disadvantage of hyperlink stimuli but increased attraction of attention resources, after first pass reading, through highlighting. Blue or underlined text allows readers to easily perceive hypertext and at the same time readers re-visited highlighted words longer. On the basis of the present evidence, blue hypertext can be safely recommended to web designers for future use.
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Online reading is developing at an increasingly rapid rate, but the debate concerning whether learning is more effective when using hypertexts than when using traditional linear texts is still persistent. In addition, several researchers stated that online reading comprehension always starts with a question, but little empirical evidence has been gathered to investigate this claim. This study used eye-tracking technology and retrospective think aloud technique to examine online reading behaviors of fifth-graders (N = 50). The participants were asked to read four texts on the website. The present study employed a three-way mixed design: 2 (reading ability: high vs. low) × 2 (reading goals: with vs. without) × 2 (text types: hypertext vs. linear text). The dependent variables were eye-movement indices and the frequencies of using online reading strategy. The results show that fifth-graders, irrespective of their reading ability, found it difficult to navigate the non-linear structure of hypertexts when searching for and integrating information. When they read with goals, they adjusted their reading speed and the focus of their attention. Their offline reading ability also influenced their online reading performance. These results suggest that online reading skills and strategies have to be taught in order to enhance the online reading abilities of elementary-school students.
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Proteomics methods, especially high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis have been continually developed and improved over the years. The analysis of complex biological samples produces large volumes of raw data. Data storage and recovery management pose substantial challenges to biomedical or proteomic facilities regarding backup and archiving concepts as well as hardware requirements. In this article we describe differences between the terms backup and archive with regard to manual and automatic approaches. We also introduce different storage concepts and technologies from transportable media to professional solutions such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) systems, network attached storages (NAS) and storage area network (SAN). Moreover, we present a software solution, which we developed for the purpose of long-term preservation of large mass spectrometry raw data files on an object storage device (OSD) archiving system. Finally, advantages, disadvantages, and experiences from routine operations of the presented concepts and technologies are evaluated and discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Proteomics in the Post-Identification Era. Guest Editors: Martin Eisenacher and Christian Stephan.
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Aminoácidos/química , Proteômica , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Este escrito tiene como pregunta orientadora: ¿cuál es el papel de la emoción y los procesos cognitivos en la construcción de textos e hipertextos? Muestra, en términos generales, que las emociones y los procesos cognitivos no sólo intervienen en la construcción de conocimiento, sino también en la producción de textos e hipertextos. El texto define los conceptos de texto e hipertexto; evidencia la primacía de la razón en la construcción del conocimiento en la modernidad; describe la noción de emoción y de procesos cognitivos como posibilitadores de un cambio en la manera de comprender el conocimiento; y para finalizar, establece la influencia de los sentimientos y la emoción en los procesos textuales e hipertextuales.
This writing has as its guiding question: what is the role of emotion and cognitive processes in the construction of texts and hypertexts? It shows, in general terms, that emotions and cognitive processes not only intervene in the construction of knowledge, but also in the production of texts and hypertexts. The text defines the concepts of text and hypertext; evidences the primacy of reason in the construction of knowledge in modernity; describes the notion of emotion and cognitive processes as enablers of a change in the way of understanding knowledge; and finally, it establishes the influence of feelings and emotion in textual and hypertextual processes.
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Humanos , Hipermídia/tendências , Pensamento , Inteligência Artificial/tendências , Cognição , Conhecimento , EmoçõesRESUMO
Este trabajo consistió en diseñar un libro para la enseñanza de Metodología de la Investigación Epidemiológica, que va a contribuir a resolver las necesidades fundamentales de la complejidad del tema y la escasez de literatura. Este sistema es una multimedia con textos, imágenes, gráficos, sonidos, que va a posibilitar la navegación de forma interactiva, fácil, dinámica y agradable, genera gran motivación en los usuarios, les posibilita adquirir conocimientos con menores esfuerzos y desarrollar hábitos y habilidades acordes a las facilidades tecnológicas que brinda la computación. Para lograr este objetivo se llevaron a cabo diversas tareas: selección, adecuación y desarrollo de los contenidos del tema, que son conocidos insuficientemente por algunos especialistas y otros ajenos a la especialidad. Resultan de interés la selección de contenidos y la estrategia e implementación del libro, así como la selección de recursos computacionales para elaborar el sistema y la utilización de la mejor tecnología disponible(AU)
This work was to design a book for teaching Epidemiological Research Methodology, which helps address the lack of literature on this subject. This system is a multimedia, including texts, images, graphics and sound. It enables easy, dynamic, interactive and friendly navigation. It generates great motivation in users, enabling them to acquire knowledge and develop habits and skills according to the facilities offered by computer technology. To achieve this goal we carried out various tasks: selection, adaptation and development of the content of the subject, which are insufficiently known by some scholars and others outside the specialty. The content selection and implementation strategy of the book are interesting issues, as well as the selection of computational resources to develop the system and the use of the best technology available(AU)
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Aplicações da Informática Médica , Multimídia/normas , Publicações EletrônicasRESUMO
Este trabalho leva em consideração as complexas inter-relações entre hipertexto, letramento e mudanças na educação, começando com quatro histórias que lançam luz sobre alguns dos desafios enfrentados pelo campo da pesquisa em hipertexto, em especial, a tendência dos professores de leitura e escrita ao conservadorismo em suas práticas pedagógicas e a notável longevidade cultural do livro impresso. Este texto faz a seguinte pergunta: Como os que educam para o letramento poderiam fazer mais do que arrastarem-se resignadamente rumo ao futuro? Diversas sugestões são oferecidas: desenvolver uma linguagem comum para falar sobre as mudanças nas práticas de letramento associadas ao uso das novas mídias; identificar teorias que possam ajudar a explicar as mudanças nas práticas de letramento na era digital; sugerir um direcionamento para a terceira geração das pesquisas e dos desenvolvimentos teóricos sobre hipertexto. A primeira geração das pesquisas e dos desenvolvimentos teóricos sobre hipertexto produziu algumas ideias instigantes e elegantes, mas fez mais alegações do que as que se confirmaram depois. A segunda geração reexaminou o hipertexto, mas, dessa vez, no contexto ilimitado da internet. Em muitos casos, porém, essa geração apegou-se a ideias antigas, que já não faziam sentido no novo ambiente on-line. A terceira geração promete demonstrar o quão produtivo pode ser o cruzamento de fronteiras teóricas e disciplinares tradicionais em sua busca por novas formas de compreender o letramento on-line, capazes de substanciar o ensino e a aprendizagem.
This paper considers the complex connections between hypertext, literacy and educational change. It begins with four stories that illuminate some of the challenges that confront the field of hypertext research: notably, literacy teachers' tendency to conservatism in their pedagogical practices and the remarkable cultural endurance of the printed book. The paper asks: How might literacy educators do more than shuffle into the future? A number of suggestions are offered: devise a common language to talk about the changes to literacy practices associated with the use of new media; identify theories that help explain the changes to literacy practices in the digital age; suggest a direction for the third generation of hypertext research and theory. The first generation of hypertext research and theory produced some elegant and evocative ideas but made too many claims. The second generation took another look at hypertext, but this time in the unbounded context of the internet. Too often, however, it clung to old ideas that no longer made sense in the new on-line environment. The third generation promises to demonstrate how productive it can be to traverse traditional disciplinary and theoretical boundaries in pursuit of new understandings of on-line literacy designed to inform teaching and learning.
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Com base nos conceitos de letramento, sistema de mídia e mídias mosaiquicas e apoiado em uma concepção de hipertexto não exclusivamente digital, este trabalho mostra a relação de grupos de leitores com a leitura de jornais impressos e digitais. Este estudo de caso foi desenvolvido com alunos de uma instituição privada de ensino superior, em Belo Horizonte. Após a aplicação de questionários sobre hábitos e frequência de leitura de jornais, foram selecionados 23 alunos para fazer testes de navegação e leitura. Algumas habilidades de leitura foram medidas com base na matriz de Língua Portuguesa do Saeb. Com base nos resultados, faz-se a diferenciação entre habilidades de navegação e habilidades de leitura. Os resultados também sugerem certa assimetria entre navegação e leitura (compreensão), já que nem sempre os navegadores mais hábeis compreendem o que leem, assim como nem sempre aqueles que mostram dificuldades em navegar têm mau desempenho em leitura. Conclui-se que a leitura se constrói a partir de uma sobreposição complexa de habilidades. Embora seja importante que o leitor desenvolva letramentos vários, é possível apresentar habilidades assimétricas em relação a diferentes aspectos da leitura.
Based upon the concepts of literacy, media systems and mosaic media, supported by an off-line concept of hypertext, this work discusses the relationship established by readers groups with the reading of newspapers. This case study was carried out with undergraduates at a private school in Belo Horizonte. From questionnaire-generated reading profiles, a group of 23 students was selected to make tests on navigation and on reading. The sudents had to answer questions, which were proposed in accordance with Saeb exam reading abilities matrix. The results show that good navigators may be low proficient readers and good readers may be poor navigators. So, it was possible to conclude that reading depends upon the development of many other abilities, independently of the reading platform; that reading is built up from a complex superposition of abilities.
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Con la aparición de los diarios online comenzó a hablarse del concepto de periodismo digital como una nueva forma de hacer periodismo. Sin embargo, si se hace una revisión de la denominada Teoría Periodística, se advierte que sólo se trata del retorno a la génesis del periodismo que habla de la obligación del periodista de investigar, escribir en forma clara y breve, contextualizar y manejar múltiples fuentes para presentar todas las caras de la moneda. En síntesis, y atendiendo la clasificación de José Luis Martínez Albertos, podríamos estar hablando de una cuarta etapa del periodismo moderno: la del periodismo global.
With the appearance of online journals a new concept, digital journalism, came up as a new form of reporting journalism. Nevertheless, if we review theoretical journalism we notice that that it is only a return to the genesis of journalism, which speaks about the obligation of the reporter to investigate, to write in a clear an brief way, contextualizing and consulting several sources in order to present all the faces of the medal. Hence, and attending the classification made by José Luis Martínez Albertos, we could be speaking about a fourth stage of modern journalism: global journalism.
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We present an openfree hypertext (also known as wiki) web cluster called BioCC. BioCC is a novel wiki farm that lets researchers create hundreds of biological web sites. The web sites form an organic information network. The contents of all the sites on the BioCC wiki farm are modifiable by anonymous as well as registered users. This enables biologists with diverse backgrounds to form their own Internet bio-communities. Each community can have custom-made layouts for information, discussion, and knowledge exchange. BioCC aims to form an ever-expanding network of openfree biological knowledge databases used and maintained by biological experts, students, and general users. The philosophy behind BioCC is that the formation of biological knowledge is best achieved by open-minded individuals freely exchanging information. In the near future, the amount of genomic information will have flooded society. BioGG can be an effective and quickly updated knowledge database system. BioCC uses an opensource wiki system called Mediawiki. However, for easier editing, a modified version of Mediawiki, called Biowiki, has been applied. Unlike Mediawiki, Biowiki uses a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) text editor. BioCC is under a share-alike license called BioLicense (http://biolicense.org). The BioCC top level site is found at http://bio.cc/
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Humanos , Anônimos e Pseudônimos , Biologia , Biologia Computacional , Hipermídia , Serviços de Informação , Internet , Licenciamento , Transferência Linear de Energia , FilosofiaRESUMO
Para dar respuesta al problema que presentan los estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas con el nivel de abstracción necesario para la comprensión de los complejos procesos originados en el interior del cuerpo humano, entre de los que se encuentra la respiración, se realizó un análisis entre los profesores de los departamentos de Fisiología y Computación atendiendo el criterio de los estudiantes de años superiores, y se concluyó que era posible aplicar una solución computadorizada, unida a cierta estrategia pedagógica que puediera constituir una alternativa viable para resolver las dificultades existentes. Se explica cómo fue concebido y ejecutado el proyecto; lo que permite conocer diversos enfoques teóricos actuales sobre la utilización de la enseñanza asistida por computadoras, estrategia pedagógica seguida y características del sistema, entre otros aspectos de interés. Se realizó con éxito la validación del sistema con profesores de Fisiología y Computación y un grupo de estudiantes de Medicina
To give an answer to the problem the medical students have with the level of abstraction necessary to comprehend the complex processes originated inside the human body, such as respiration, it was made an analysis among the professors of the departments of Physiology and Computers, taking into account the criterion of students from higher years. It was concluded that it was possible to apply a computerized solution, together with certain pedagogical strategy that may be an alternative to solve the existing difficulties. It was explained how the project was designed and implemented, which allowed to know diverse current theoretical approaches on the utilization of computer-assisted education, the pedagogical strategy followed and the characteristics of the system, among other aspects of interest. The validation of the system was successfully carried out with professors of Physiology and Computers and a group of medical students.