[Evolution of the concept of psychopathy in Russian psychiatry from V.H. Kandinskiy to S.A. Sukhanov]. / Evolyutsiya kontseptsii «psikhopatii¼ v otechestvennoi psikhiatrii ot V.Kh. Kandinskogo do S.A. Sukhanova.

The development of the concept of clinical signs of «general¼ predisposition to mental diseases that is defined by the notion of psychopathy is analyzed. The foundations of this concept in Russian psychiatry were laid by V.H. Kandinskiy and V.M. Behterev, hereinafter they were developed by S.S. Korsakov, P.I. Kovalevskiy and V.P. Serbskiy. S.A. Sukhanov and P.B. Gannushkin focused on the separate types of abnormal character that were connected with different neurosis and «degenerative¼ psychosis. According to S.A. Sukhanov's concept, the anxious-doubting (psychasthenic) character with the amplification of its symptoms transits to psychasthenia, the patological reasoning character (close to paranoic) to delusional disorders (or paranoic psychosis), hysterical character to hysterical neurosis, «morally defective¼ character to «moral madness¼. S.A. Sukhanov suggested the systematics of abnormal characters not by one prominent trait but by the presence of several signs from more broad set of traits that generally are typical for the given abnormal character.

Thomas Sydenham e o Epistolary discourse: uma ponte entre duas histerias / Thomas Sydenham and the Epistolary discourse: a bridge between two hysterias / Thomas Sydenham y el Epistolary discourse: un puente entre dos histerias / Thomas Sydenham et le Epistolary discourse: un pont entre deux hystéries

Uma observação das narrativas sobre a história da histeria revela que nem sempre aqueles que as elaboraram levaram em consideração o aspecto fundamentalmente historiográfico da proposta, tomando inferências como se fossem fatos históricos. Esse deslize originou narrativas que não deveriam ser classificadas como história, mas, mais apropriadamente, como mitologias. Com frequência, a trajetória da histeria começa na medicina egípcia, segue em um continuum por Hipócrates, pelas bruxas da Idade Média, pelos vapores do Iluminismo, até chegar à Salpêtrière, a Charcot e, em seguida, a Freud. Porém, do ponto de vista historio-gráfico (e evitando o anacronismo), esse curso pode não ser tão seguro. O artigo revê essa trajetória e propõe que a história da histeria implicaria dois estágios, separando-se a histeria doença do útero da histeria neurose. Uma ponte entre as duas concepções teria sido estabelecida por Thomas Sydenham, em 1682, no Epistolary discourse to the learned Dr. William Cole.

Analysis of the narratives on the history of hysteria reveals that those who elaborated them did not always take into account the fundamentally historiographical aspect of that proposal, and some inferences were considered as historical facts. This error gave rise to narratives that should not be classified as histories, but rather as mythologies. All too often, the historical trail of hysteria is taken to begin in Egyptian medicine, and then follow a continuum: to Hippocrates, the witches of the Middle Ages, the Enlightenment, the Salpêtrière, Charcot, and then Freud. However, from a historiographical point of view (and avoiding anachronism), this appears not to be the reliable sequence. This paper reviews that trajectory and proposes that a history of hysteria would unfold in two stages, distinguishing hysteria, as a disease of the uterus, from hysteria, as a neurosis. In such a proposal, a bridge between the two conceptions would have been established by Thomas Sydenham in 1682, with the Epistolary Discourse to the Learned Dr. William Cole.

La observación de los relatos sobre la historia de la histeria revela que quienes los elaboraron, no siempre han tenido en cuenta el aspecto fundamentalmente historiográfico de la propuesta, tomando inferencias como hechos históricos. Este desliz dio lugar a narraciones que no deberían clasificarse como historia, sino como mitologías. El trayecto histórico de la histeria comienza a menudo en la medicina egipcia, sigue en un continuum por Hipócrates, las brujas de la Edad Media, los vapores del Iluminismo, hasta llegar a Salpêtrière, Charcot y luego Freud. Sin embargo, desde un punto de vista historiográfico, y evitando el anacronismo, este camino puede no ser tan seguro. En este artículo se revisa esta trayectoria y se propone que la historia de la histeria involucraría dos etapas, separando la histeria, enfermedad del útero, de la histeria, una neurosis. Un puente entre las dos concepciones habría sido establecido por Thomas Sydenham, en 1682, en el Epistolary Discourse to the Learned Dr. William Cole.

L'observation des récits sur l'histoire de l'hystérie révèle que ceux qui les ont élaborés n'ont pas toujours pris en compte l'aspect fondamentalement historiographique de la proposition, en prenant certaines inférences comme s'elles étaient des faits historiques. Cette omission a donné lieu à des récits qui ne devraient pas être considérés comme de l'histoire, mais plutôt comme des mythologies. Le chemin historique de l'hystérie commence souvent dans la médecine égyptienne, suit un continuum à travers Hippocrate, les sorcières du Moyen Age, les vapeurs de l'Illuminisme, la Salpêtrière, Charcot et, ensuite, Freud. Cependant, d'un point de vue historiographique (et en évitant l'anachronisme), cette voie pourrait ne pas être si sûre. L'article reformule cette trajectoire et propose que l'histoire de l'hystérie se déroule en deux étapes, en séparant l'hystérie, la maladie de l'utérus, de l'hystérie que l'on appelle la névrose. Un pont entre les deux conceptions aurait été établi par Thomas Sydenham, en 1682, dans le Epistolary Discourse to the Learned Dr. William Cole.