Development of monoclonal antibodies against oropouche virus and its applicability to immunohistochemical diagnosis.

Orthobunyavirus oropouche ense virus (OROV), the causative agent of Oropouche fever, is widely dispersed in Brazil and South America, causing sporadic outbreaks. Due to the similarity of initial clinical symptoms caused by OROV with other arboviruses found in overlapping geographical areas, differential diagnosis is challenging. As for most neglected tropical diseases, there is a shortage of reagents for diagnosing and studying OROV pathogenesis. We therefore developed and characterized mouse monoclonal antibodies and, one of them recognizes the OROV nucleocapsid in indirect immunofluorescent (IFA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Considering that it is the first monoclonal antibody produced for detecting OROV infections, we believe that it will be useful not only for diagnostic purposes but also for performing serological surveys and epidemiological surveillance on the dispersion and prevalence of OROV in Brazil and South America.

Micrometástasis: estrategias para su detección / Micrometastases: strategies for detection

La micrometástasis o enfermedad mínima residual ha adquirido una importancia trascendental en oncología al representar un verdadero problema clínico que debe ser solucionado, ya que aún se desconoce la respuesta de estos focos tumorales a los diferentes tratamientos que se usan para el control del cáncer. Aun cuando este es un problema específico fundamental a ser solucionado, ya existen métodos de ensayo inmunohistoquímicos y de biología molecular, que han permitido la ubicación de microfocos de células tumorales en diferentes órganos y tejidos, existiendo diferentes técnicas para determinar y cuantificar estas lesiones. Dentro de estas técnicas destacan la citometría de flujo y diferentes técnicas moleculares que van desde las ya tradicionales hasta las más nuevas y sofisticadas. El objetivo de la presente revisión está dirigido evaluar los nuevos métodos de diagnóstico que permitan la identificación de esta enfermedad residual, lo cual serviría para establecer tratamientos individualizados que pudieran prevenir la recurrencia de la enfermedad en los pacientes de cáncer bajo tratamiento.

Micrometastasis or minimal residual disease has become critically important in oncology since it represents a true clinical problem that must be solved, as the response of these tumor foci to the different treatments that are used for the control of cancer, is still unknown. Even though this is a fundamental specific problem to be solved, there are already immunohistochemical and molecular biology diagnostic methods that have allowed microfoci location of tumor cells in various organs and tissues, and different techniques are available to determine and quantify these lesions. Within these techniques, flow cytometry and different molecular methods are included, and they range from the traditional to the newest and most sophisticated. The goal of this review was aimed to evaluate new diagnostic methods that permit the identification of this residual disease, which would serve to establish individualized treatments and prevent the recurrence of the disease in cancer patients under treatment.

Repercussões morfológicas da subnutrição protéica pré e pós-natal e da renutrição pós-natal na mucosa lingual de ratos Wistar nas fases púbere e adulta: avaliações estrutural e da expressão do IGF-I e IGF-IR, da insulina e seu receptor / Morphologic repercussions of the protein malnutrition pre and postnatal and postnatal refeeding on the lingual mucosa of Wistar rats in the pubescent and adult phases: structural evaluations and the expressions of the IGF-I e IGF-IR, insulin and your receptor

Como a grande maioria dos tecidos e órgãos, a estrutura da mucosa lingual é influenciada por diversos fatores, dentre eles os nutricionais e os metabólicos. Dessa maneira, a subnutrição protéica pré-natal, associada a inúmeras patologias pós-natais, e a atividade da insulina e de IGF-I, representam importantes pontos a serem correlacionados na avaliação morfológica e funcional do tecido. Assim, avaliou-se no presente estudo, os efeitos da subnutrição protéica pré e pós-natal e da renutrição pós-natal, sobre a taxa de renovação do epitélio, relacionando-a à atividade da insulina e do IGF-I, no intuito de encontrar possível correspondência entre as alterações metabólicas e morfofuncionais, com a atividade desses importantes hormônios sobre o desenvolvimento do epitélio lingual, nas fases púbere e adulta. Para tanto, os grupos experimentais foram formados por animais heterogênicos (n=3) de acordo com a ração oferecida, protéica ou hipoprotéica, e com as respectivas idades, nos grupos N, D (nutridos e desnutridos aos 60 dias de vida, fase na qual o período púbere é finito), R (renutridos a partir de 21 até alcançarem 60 dias de vida), NN (nutridos até 100 dias de vida) e RR (renutridos desde o desmame até alcançarem 100 dias de vida). Após avaliação sob microscopia de luz com técnicas rotineiras de histologia e imunohistoquímicas para a identificação do IGF-I, Insulina e respectivos receptores, verificou-se que as camadas da mucosa lingual não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos estudados. As papila filiformes, de forma triangular ao corte nos animais do grupo N, nem sempre foram detectadas nos grupos S e R, sendo que na fase adulta, (grupos NN e RR) apresentaram-se sob a forma de bastonete. Relativamente à tipificação das fibras colágenas, as do tipo I predominaram no grupo S, sendo verificada uma homogeneidade na distribuição entre as fibras dos tipos I e III nos demais grupos. As densidades de células imunorreativas à Insulina e seu receptor, (IR), bem como IGF-I e seu receptor (IGF-IR) apresentaram-se elevadas nos grupos S e R quando comparadas ao grupo N, e semelhantes nos grupos NN e RR.

Similarly to many tissue and organs, the structure of lingual mucosa is influenced by many factors, among nutritional and metabolic factors. This way, the pre-natal protein under nutrition associated to several post-natal pathologies and the activity of IGF-I and insulin, represents important points to be correlated in the morphological and functional tissue evaluation. Thus, the effects of pre and post-natal protein under nutrition and post-natal re-nutrition on the epithelial renewal taxes relating it to insulin and IGF-I activity, in order to find possible association between the morph functional changes with the activity of these important hormones on the development of the lingual epithelium in the puberal and adult phase. For this purpose, the experimental groups were formed by heterogenic animals (n=3) according to diet (protein and hypoprotein), and, with the respective ages in the groups N and S (nourished and under-nourished at 60 days old, when the puberal period is finite), R (re-nourished from 21 up to 60 days old), NN (nourished up to 100 days old) and RR (re-nourished from weaning up to 100 days of age). After observation under light microscopy with routine histological and immunehistochemical tecnhiques for identification of IGF-I, insulin and respective receptors, it has been verified that the layers of lingual mucosa do not present differences among studied groups. The filliform papillae of triangular shape in group N animals not always been detected in the S and R groups, being in the adult phase (NN and RR groups) presented under bastonete form. Related to tipification of collagen fibers, the type I was predominant in S group, being verified homogeneity in the distribution of type I and III fibers in the other groups. The density of immune reactive cells to insulin and its receptor (IR), as well as IGF-I and its receptor (IGF-IR) were higher in the S and R groups when compared to N group, and were similar in the groups NN and RR.