Immuno-histochemical evaluation of CD34 for OLP and OSMF.

Immuno-histochemical evaluation of CD34 in oral lichen planus (OLP) and Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is of interest to dentist.20 specimens of normal oral mucosa (buccal mucosa/gingiva tissue) from patients who had extractions performed as part of orthodontic treatment comprised Group I, the control group. Group II comprised 30 individuals with a diagnosis of oral lichen planus. 30 OSMF cases with diagnoses is Group III. These 80 specimens were all given consideration when choosing for CD34immuno-histochemical staining. The CD34 was greater in all categories of OLP and OSMF when compared to normal controls. Maximum CD34 expression was observed in erosive OLP (147.41±17.60) followed by OSMF (116.01 ±11.72) and reticular OLP (105.01±11.62). Data was statistically significant (p<0.001).Immunohistochemistry of CD34 evaluation is a potential diagnostic marker for OLP and OSMF.

Multiple Primary Melanoma Associated with CDKN2A Mutation-Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The CDKN2A gene remains understudied in melanoma compared to BRAF alterations. Inactivation of this tumor suppressor gene through homozygous deletions in the 9p21 chromosomal region leads to cellular proliferation and disrupts pro-apoptotic pathways. Genetic changes in CDKN2A are linked to multiple primary melanomas (MPM), with patients diagnosed with melanoma facing an elevated risk of developing additional primaries. We present the rare case of a 72-year-old Caucasian woman with nine metastasizing melanomas across diverse anatomical sites, posing a diagnostic challenge. Initial diagnosis in 2022 revealed ulcerated superficial spreading melanomas, progressing to intradermal and papillary dermal populations with neurotropism and angiotropism by early 2023. Lymph node metastases were identified, classifying the condition as pT3b N3b. Subsequent assessments in April 2023 revealed clinically suspicious melanocytic lesions diagnosed as intradermal and traumatized junctional nevi. In late 2023, cutaneous pigmented lesions and subcutaneous metastases were confirmed as nodular nevoid low-CSD multiple melanomas. Fluorescence in situ hybridization testing revealed homozygous CDKN2A deletion, necessitating close multidisciplinary collaboration for an optimized care plan for effective monitoring and intervention in this intricate clinical scenario. In summary, this case report highlights the diagnostic challenges of MPM in a single patient. Stressing the importance of immuno-histochemistry and CDKN2A genetic testing, our findings underscore the crucial role of these tools in accurately distinguishing malignant melanocytic proliferations from nevi and characterizing MPM cases.

Clinical Relevance of Interferon Regulatory Family-4 (IRF4) Expression in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell neoplasm with complex biology and heterogenous course. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) transcription factor, important key developmental stages of hematopoiesis, represents an excellent potential therapeutic target. The present work aimed to investigate the expression status of IRF4 in the diagnostic bone marrow biopsy (BMB) cores of MM patients. This prospective study included 62 newly diagnosed MM patients. The expression of IRF4 was assessed in the BMB by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data were correlated to the patients' clinico-pathological features, response to treatment and survival rates. IRF4 expression was observed in 50% of MM patients (31/62). IRF-4 positive patients were more frequently male patients (P = 0.018), have immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) translocations (P = 0.05) and tended to present with a higher platelets count (P = 0.07). Multiple myeloma patients presenting with urine M-protein had worse overall survival (OS) than negative cases (P = 0.012). Normocellular BM aspirate (BMA) was associated with better OS than hypercellular and hypocellular BMA (P = 0.006). Patchy distribution of plasma cells in BMB was associated with better disease-free survival (DFS) while diffuse infiltration had the worst (P = 0.019). Of note, after treatment, MM patients had significantly lower percentage of BMA plasma cells, platelet count, ß2 microglobulin and creatinine levels (P = 0.037, < 0.001, 0.022 and 0.026, respectively). Had higher albumin level (P = 0.007), compared to initial investigations. No significant association was found between IRF4 expression and the patients'clinical outcomes. Patterns of plasma cells distribution in BMB, BMA cellularity and urine M-protein are prognostically relevant in MM. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-023-01628-3.

Cytoplasmic Localization of Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR) Alpha and Nuclear Expression of Its Isoform TRα2 Determine Survival in Breast Cancer in Opposite Ways.

The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the respective prognostic values of cytoplasmic and nuclear TRα, TRα1, and TRα2 expression in breast cancer (BC) tissue samples and correlate the results with clinico-pathological parameters. In 249 BC patients, the expression patterns of general TRα and the α1 and α2 isoforms were evaluated via immuno-histochemistry. Prognosis-determining aspects were calculated via univariate, as well as multivariate, analysis. Univariate Cox-regression analysis revealed no association between nuclear TRα expression and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.126), whereas cytoplasmic TRα expression was significantly correlated with a poor outcome for both OS (p = 0.034) and ten-year survival (p = 0.009). Strengthening these results, cytoplasmic TRα was found to be an independent marker of OS (p = 0.010) when adjusted to fit clinico-pathological parameters. Analyses of the TRα-subgroups revealed that TRα1 had no prognostic relevance, whereas nuclear TRα2 expression was positively associated with OS (p = 0.014), ten-year survival (p = 0.029), and DFS (p = 0.043). Additionally, nuclear TRα2 expression was found to be an independent positive prognosticator (p = 0.030) when adjusted to fit clinico-pathological parameters. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that subcellular localization of TRα and its isoforms plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer. Cytoplasmic TRα expression correlates with more aggressive disease progression, whereas nuclear TRα2 expression appears to be a protective factor. These data may help us to prioritize high-risk BC subgroups for possible targeted tumor therapy.

Ampullary Cancer: Histological Subtypes, Markers, and Clinical Behaviour-State of the Art and Perspectives.

There are different cancers in the peri-ampullary region, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), duodenum cancers (DCs), and ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC). Here, significant morphological-molecular characterizations should be necessary for the distinction of primary tumours and classifications of their subtypes of cancers. The sub classification of AACs might include up to five different variants, according to different points of view, concerning the prevalence of the two more-cellular components found in the ampulla. In particular, regarding the AACs, the most important subtypes are represented by the intestinal (INT) and the pancreato-biliary (PB) ones. The subtyping of AACs is essential for diagnosis, and their identifications have been impacting clinical management responses to treatments and overall survival (os) after surgery. Pb is associated with a worse clinical outcome. Otherwise, the criteria, through which are possible to attribute its subtype classification, are not well established. A triage of immune markers represented by CK7, CK20, and CDX-2 seem to represent the best compromise in order to split the cohort of AAC patients in the INT and PB groups. The test of choice for the sub-classification of AACs is represented by the immuno-histochemical approach, in which its molecular classification acquires its diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic value for both the INT and PB patients.

Combined Lectin- and Immuno-histochemistry (CLIH) for Fluorescence Microscopy.

The function of glycoproteins depends both on their polypeptide chain and sugar residues. For detection and localization of glycoproteins in tissue sections, methods of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and lectin histochemistry (LHC) are usually used separately. For a better understanding of the expression and distribution of variants of glycoproteins, tissue sections can be analyzed by combined lectin- and immuno-histochemistry (CLIH). CLIH exploits the advantages of both IHC and LHC and can therefore contribute to research in glycobiology and other fields of cell biology. Since cancer transformation is accompanied by alterations in the glycosylation of some glycoproteins, CLIH could also be exploited for improved classification of cancers. The chapter considers how CLIH could be employed on paraffin sections and semithin cryosections for fluorescence microscopy. Five different protocols of CLIH are described in detail as well as appropriate negative controls.

Immunoexpression of p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 in human primary and recurrent IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma: A pilot study.

p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 is an autophagic protein that serves a crucial role in cellular metabolism, proliferation and malignant growth. Notably, autophagy may influence the development and resistance to therapy of numerous types of human cancer. In the present pilot study, the immunohistochemical pattern of p62 was analyzed in a cohort of patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 wild-type glioblastoma (GBM), in primary and recurrent samples, in order to verify the concordance or discordance between the primary and recurrent tumors. In addition, the association between p62, and patient outcome and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status was assessed. The results revealed p62 immunoexpression in the nucleus and cytoplasm of neoplastic elements in 45% of primary and 55% of recurrent cases of GBM. A discordant p62 immunoreactivity was detected in 35% of cases, with a variation either with positive or negative conversion of p62 status. Statistically, p62 expression and MGMT status exhibited a significant prognostic value by univariate analysis, whereas only MGMT promoter methylation status emerged as an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. Finally, the most favorable prognosis was documented when the same GBM case was positively concordant for both p62 expression and MGMT methylated status. Since little data are available regarding the association between p62 expression and MGMT in GBM, further investigations may be required to determine if new targeted therapies may be addressed against autophagy-related proteins, such as p62.

Combination of CDX2 H-score quantitative analysis with CD3 AI-guided analysis identifies patients with a good prognosis only in stage III colon cancer.

AIM: Stratification of colon cancer (CC) of patients with stage II and III for risk of relapse is still needed especially to drive adjuvant therapy administration. Our study evaluates the prognostic performance of two known biomarkers, CDX2 and CD3, standalone or their combined information in stage II and III CC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CDX2 and CD3 expression was evaluated in Prodige-13 study gathering 443 stage II and 398 stage III primary CC on whole slide colectomy. We developed for this study an H-score to quantify CDX2 expression and used our artificial intelligence (AI)-guided tissue analysis ColoClass to detect CD3 in tumour core and invasive margin. Association between biomarkers and relapse-free survival was investigated. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the combined variable CD3-TC and CD3-IM was associated with prognosis in both stage II and stage III. CDX2, on the contrary, was associated with prognosis only in stage III. We subsequently associated CDX2 and combined immune parameters only in stage III. This multivariate analysis allowed us to distinguish a proportion of stage III CC harbouring a high CDX2 expression and a high immune infiltration with a particularly good prognosis compared to their counterpart. CONCLUSION: This study validated the prognostic role of CDX2 and CD3 evaluated with immunohistochemistry procedures in stage III but not in stage II. This association would be conceivable in a routine pathology laboratory and could help oncologist to consider chemotherapy de-escalation for a part of stage III patients.

Monosaccharide composition and in vivo immuno-stimulatory potential of soluble yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) polysaccharides in response to a covalent Se incorporation.

The present study aimed to investigate whether selenylation modification could affect compositional features and in vivo immuno-stimulatory potential of yam polysaccharides. In this study, the soluble yam mucilage polysaccharides (YPS) were prepared and selenylated in the HNO3-Na2SeO3 system, and two selenylated polysaccharide products, namely SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 with respective Se contents of 719 and 1585 mg/kg, were thus obtained. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that the compositional features of SeYPS-1 and SeYPS-2 were similar to those of YPS. Meanwhile, the immuno-stimulatory potential of the selenylated products, especially SeYPS-2, in the BALB/c mice model was higher than that of YPS, reflected by the elevated contents of serum immunoglobins and increased percentage of CD4+ splenic lymphocytes. It was thus confirmed that the selenylation did not change the composition of monosaccharides but endowed YPS with greater immuno-stimulation in the mice, while the higher extent of selenylation also caused a much enhanced immuno-stimulatory potential of SeYPS-2.

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy: the Use of Immunohistochemical Analysis.

The Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy (MNTI) is an asymptomatic, pigmented neoplasm characterized by a fast and locally aggressive growth along with a rare tissue formation. In the diagnostic process, the use of imaging exams can suggest a local destruction suggestive of malignancy, a sign of bone remodeling and expansion. Therefore, as any early diagnosis minimizes risks and improves the prognosis of treatment for the patient, the aim of this study was, based on a clinical case report, to corroborate the use of histopathological analysis associated with immunohistochemistry. Thus, we conclude that the immunohistochemical exam is of great importance for a better complementation of the MNTI diagnosis process. In addition, it can reveal signs of possible aggressive growth.

Solitary Fibrous tumor of Nasal cavity: A case report and review of literature.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) involving the nasal cavity are extremely rare with few cases reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of SFT in a 90 year-old male complaining of a slow-growing mass prolapsing through left nostril. Nasal endoscopy and imaging exams revealed a mass occupying the entire left nasal cavity, pushing the nasal septum to the opposite side and extending up to the nasopharynx. Biopsy specimen examination reported sarcoma. The patient underwent complete surgical resection of the mass through left para-latero-nasal approach. Immuno-histochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of SFT. The patient has remained free of tumor 2 years after surgery. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Clinical and imaging features of SFTs of nasal cavity are not specific. A broad of differential diagnosis is associated with histopathologic features of SFTs. Therefore, immuno-histochemical analyses are crucial to confirm the diagnosis. Complete resection of the mass with clear margins is mandatory to minimize local recurrence. CONCLUSION: SFTs of nasal cavity are very rare neoplasms which continue to pose challenges to practitioner. Pathological examination and mainly immunohistochemical studies are important to establish the diagnosis. Complete resection of the tumor is the key for good outcome.

Influence of macrophage polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of macrophage expression and polarization on the effectiveness of surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a 6 month follow-up. METHODS: A total of fourteen patients (n = 14 implants) diagnosed with peri-implantitis underwent access flap surgery, granulation tissue removal, implantoplasty, and augmentation at intra-bony components using a natural derived bone mineral and application of a native collagen membrane during a standardized surgical procedure. Granulation tissue biopsies were prepared for immunohistochemical characterization and macrophage polarization assessment. M1 and M2 phenotype expression was identified and quantified through immunohistochemical markers and histomorphometrical analyses. Clinical evaluation and data collection were performed initially and after a healing period of 6 months. Statistical analyses were performed to associate infiltrated area, macrophage, and M1/M2 phenotype influence on peri-implant tissue healing parameters after a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Mean infiltrated compartment (ICT) values occupied a total percentage of 70.3% ± 13.0 in the analyzed granulation tissue biopsies. Macrophages occupied a mean area of 15.3% ± 7.0. M1 and M2 phenotypes were present in 7.1 ± 4.1% and 5.5 ± 3.7%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between M1 and M2% expression (p = 0.16). The mean M1/ M2 ratio amounted to 1.5 ± 0.8. Surgical therapy was associated with statistically significant reductions in mean bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and suppuration (SUPP) scores at 6 months (p < 0.05). Linear regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between macrophage expression (CD68%) and changes in PD scores and M1 (%) expression and changes in mucosal recession (MR) scores at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that macrophages might influence peri-implant tissue healing mechanisms following surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a short-term period. Particularly, changes in PD and MR scores were statistically significantly associated with macrophage expression and phenotype.

Concordance of the molecular subtype classification between core needle biopsy and surgical specimen in primary breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Molecular profiling of breast cancer (BC) classifies several intrinsic subtypes based on different patterns of gene expression. Multigene assays estimate the risk of recurrence and help to select high-risk patients for adjuvant chemotherapy. However, these tests are associated with significant costs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) offers a surrogate classification for molecular subtypes by determining estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), human epidermal growth factor (Her2neu), as well as the proliferation marker Ki67. Core needle biopsy (CNB) is well established in BC diagnosis and allows a pre-operative assessment of biomarkers. The aim of this study was to analyze the concordance of these markers between CNB and surgical specimens to assess whether re-testing of the surgical specimen is mandatory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Within a 3-year period, patients with primary BC and paired samples of CNB and surgical specimens were analyzed retrospectively. Concordance rates of ER, PR, Her2neu, Ki67, and the surrogate classification for molecular subtypes were calculated using the Landis and Koch agreement grades. RESULTS: Out of 2254 patients with primary breast cancer, 1307 paired specimens without pre-operative treatment were available for analysis Concordance rates for ER, PR, Her2neu, and Ki67 status showed substantial-to-almost perfect agreement grades (κ = 0.91, 0.75, 0.89, and 0.61, respectively). Though substantial concordance was also found for the subtype classification (κ = 0.70), the molecular subtype changed in 18.5% of patients based on the testing of the surgical specimen, mainly from luminal A-like to luminal B-like. CONCLUSIONS: Though the concordance rates for single markers were convincing, a significant proportion of the molecular subtypes differed between CNB and the surgical specimen. Re-testing of PR and Ki67 is mandatory to ensure optimal treatment decisions. Further research is necessary to define safe, efficient, and cost-effective predictive models in adjuvant breast cancer therapy.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 17 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor at a University Hospital in China.

The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). A total of 17 patients with IMT diagnosed between July 2010 and February 2020 were included in the present study, and the clinical characteristics, pathological features, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. The cohort consisted of 17 participants, including 12 men and 5 women, with a mean age of 34.76 years. The most common locations of tumors were the bronchi and the lungs (9 cases, including 1 case involving the mediastinum), followed by the colon and bladder (2 cases each), and the omentum majus, mesocolon, stomach and peritoneal cavity (1 case each). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tumor cells exhibited positive staining for anaplastic lymphoma kinase p80 (13/17), smooth muscle actin (12/17), cytokeratin pan (6/17), vimentin (5/17) and desmin (4/17). The follow-up time was 18-114 months. A patient with epithelial inflammatory myofibroblast sarcoma (EIMS) succumbed to the disease, 1 case was lost to follow-up, 2 cases relapsed and the other 13 cases were considered cured. IMTs may be malignant or low-grade. EIMS is a rare and invasive variant of IMT. The clinical and imaging manifestations are often unique and vary among individuals. Once confirmed by pathology, radical surgery should be the first choice of treatment.

Wound healing efficacy of Jamun honey in diabetic mice model through reepithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis.

Diabetic patients are frequently afflicted with impaired wound healing where linear progression of molecular and cellular events compromised. Despite of meaningful progress in diabetic treatment, management of diabetic chronic wounds is still challenging. Jamun (Syzygium cumini) honey may be a promising candidate for diabetic wound healing and need to explore in detail. So present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Jamun honey (JH) for diabetic wound healing in in vitro wound (primary fibroblasts) model and in in vivo of diabetic mice (Streptozotocin induced) model. The fibroblast cell model was studied for migratory behaviour and myofibrolasts infiltration under honey interventions via scratch/migration assay, immuno-cytochemistry and western blot. We applied FDA approved Manuka honey (MH) as positive control and JH as test honey to evaluate wound re-epithelialization, sub-epithelial connective tissue modification and angiogenesis via histo-pathological and immuno-histochemical analysis. JH (0.1% v/v) dilution has notably improved wound closure, migration with concomitant α-SMA expressions in vitro. Topical application of JH in diabetic mice model showed significant (*p ≤ 0.05) wound closure, reepithelialization, collagen deposition (I/III) and balanced the myofibroblasts formation. It also modulated vital angiogenic markers (viz HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGF R-II) significantly (*p ≤ 0.05). All these observations depicted that JH promotes sequential stages of wound healing in diabetic mice model. The results of the present study established Jamun honey as good as Manuka honey considering wound closure, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and pro-angiogenic potential.

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase: A novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), is an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinase that serves important roles in tumourigenesis in multiple malignant tumours. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of MELK in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance of MELK in the prognosis of LUAD. Data from Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were selected to predict the differential mRNA expression levels of MELK mRNA in LUAD and normal tissues. Subsequently, LUAD and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected from 75 patients with the disease, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of MELK. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database, GEPIA and TCGA were used to verify the effect of MELK expression on clinical prognosis in patients with LUAD. MELK was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with that in normal tissues based on Oncomine, GEPIA and TCGA data (P<0.05). In addition, the results from immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the MELK protein level in LUAD tissues was significantly higher compared with that in matched normal tissues (P<0.05). Prognostic analysis performed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEPIA and TCGA suggested that the expression of MELK was negatively associated with the overall survival time of patients with LUAD (P<0.05). In conclusion, MELK was highly expressed in LUAD based on bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry analysis, and increased expression of MELK was associated with a poor patient prognosis. MELK may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for LUAD.

High S phase kinase-associated protein 2 expression is a potential prognostic biomarker for glioma.

S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), a substrate recognizing protein, serves an important role in promoting cell cycle progression through ubiquitination and degradation of cell cycle inhibitors. In the present study, the clinical significance of SKP2 in gliomas was studied; 395 glioma specimens and 20 non-neoplastic tissues were collected and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. χ2 test was used to assess the associations between SKP2 expression and clinical parameters. Overall survival (OS) curves were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method. In the tested glioma samples, SKP2 expression was mainly observed in glioblastomas (GBMs). Survival analysis demonstrated that the overall survival time of the high SKP2 expression group was lower compared with the low SKP2 expression group (median OS, 10.04 months vs. 16.50 months; P=0.003). Moreover, SKP2 was independently associated with an unfavorable prognosis in GBMs. In addition, the expression of SKP2 was associated with the expression of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and the epidermal growth factor receptor. A combination of SKP2 expression along with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations was used to classify glioma patients for survival analysis. Patients with low SKP2 expression, IDH1 mutation and wild-type TERT promoter demonstrated the longest survival time. The findings of the present study, indicate that SKP2 is a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with GBMs.

Streptobacillus felis, a member of the oropharynx microbiota of the Felidae, isolated from a tropical rusty-spotted cat.

Streptobacillus felis is a fastidious microorganism and a novel member of the potentially zoonotic bacteria causing rat bite fever. Since its description, this is the second isolation of S. felis in a diseased member of the Felidae. Interestingly, the strain from this study was isolated from a zoo held, rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus), with pneumonia, thereby indicating a possible broader host range in feline species. A recent preliminary sampling of domestic cats (Felis silvestris forma catus) revealed that this microorganism is common in the oropharynx, suggesting that S. felis is a member of their normal microbiota. Due to unawareness, fastidiousness, antibiotic sensitivity and lack of diagnostics the role of S. felis as a cat and human pathogen might be under-reported as with other Streptobacillus infections. More studies are necessary to elucidate the role of S. felis in domestic cats and other Felidae in order to better estimate its zoonotic potential.

Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell wall extracts on performance and gut response in broiler chickens.

BACKGROUND: The dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall extracts (YCW) has been found to reduce pathogenic bacteria load, promote immunoglobulin production, prevent diseases by pro-inflammatory responses, and alter gut microbiota composition. This study evaluated growth and slaughter results, health, gut morphology, immune status and gut transcriptome of 576 male chickens fed two diets, i.e. C (control) or Y (with 250-500 g/t of YCW fractions according to the growth period). At 21 and 42 d the jejunum of 12 chickens per diet were sampled and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for morphometric evaluation, with Alcian-PAS for goblet cells, and antibodies against CD3+ intraepithelial T-cells and CD45+ intraepithelial leukocytes. The jejunum sampled at 42 d were also used for whole-transcriptome profiling. RESULTS: Dietary YCW supplementation did not affect final live weight, whereas it decreased feed intake (114 to 111 g/d; P ≤ 0.10) and improved feed conversion (1.74 to 1.70; P ≤ 0.01). Regarding the gut, YCW supplementation tended to increase villi height (P = 0.07); it also increased the number of goblet cells and reduced the density of CD45+ cells compared to diet C (P < 0.001). In the gut transcriptome, four genes were expressed more in broilers fed diet Y compared to diet C, i.e. cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 23b (CYP2C23B), tetratricopeptide repeat domain 9 (TTC9), basic helix-loop-helix family member e41 (BHLHE41), and the metalloreductase STEAP4. Only one gene set (HES_PATHWAY) was significantly enriched among the transcripts more expressed in broilers fed diet Y. However, a total of 41 gene sets were significantly over-represented among genes up-regulated in control broilers. Notably, several enriched gene sets are implicated in immune functions and related to NF-κB signaling, apoptosis, and interferon signals. CONCLUSIONS: The dietary YCW supplementation improved broiler growth performance, increased gut glycoconjugate secretion and reduced the inflammatory status together with differences in the gut transcriptome, which can be considered useful to improve animal welfare and health under the challenging conditions of intensive rearing systems in broiler chickens.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the ovary: A case report with a new modality of treatment and review of the literature

Abstract Objective Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare intraabdominal neoplasm that grows along serosal surfaces and is primarily found in young men. To Keywords date, only 16 cases of ovarian DSRCT have been previously reported in women in the English literature, and no large population-based studies on this topic exist. Case Report We report the case of a 19-year-old virgo with unremarkable past medical history, initially presented with abdominal fullness. After being treated with the optimal treatment modality (primary and secondary surgical debulking, unique chemotherapy, protocol and adjuvant radiotherapy), the patient has remained without tumor disease for 40 months. Conclusion Although the best therapy for patients with DSRCT has yet to be determined, combining complete surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy is required to prolong survival and to achieve proper quality of life.