In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic response of the seeds of Amomum subulatum roxb and Vitex negundo / Atividade anti-helmíntica in vitro e in vivo das sementes de Amomum subulatum roxb e Vitex negundo

The current study was designed to check the anthelmintic activities of some local plants. Seeds of Amomum (A.) subulatum and Vitex (V.) negundo in different solvents were subjected to in vitro (adult motility assay; AMA and egg hatch assay; EHA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) anthelmintic activity testing protocols using Haemonchus (H.) contortus as an experimental model. The results of AMA, EHA, and FECRT were statistically analysed through linear regression and Duncan multiple range test. In AMA test, at 50 mg mL-1 concentration, the percent mortality of H. contortus was higher in A. subulatum than V. negundo, whereas, in EHA test, A. subulatum was proven better ovicidal (LC50=14.2 µg mL-1) than V. negundo (LC50= 65.7405 µg mL-1). The FECRT also indicated the better efficacy of A. subulatum than V. negundo against natural infection of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. The crude powder of plants used in this study showed 29.6% to 57.7% anthelmintic. The reduction rate was found higher for A. subulatum (3 g kg-1) as compared to V. negundo (7 g kg-1). Reagrding efficacy analysis of solvents used for plants extract, ethyl acetate and chloroform were found better in increasing ovicidal activity in adult worms (in vitro testing), whereas, the crude aqueous methanol was found better than the crude powders in in vivo testing. It will be beneficial to document the indigenous knowledge to standard scientific procedures for their validation. This study will help to motivate the farmers to make a better choice of cultivation of the indigenous plants because of their varying efficacies as an alternative preventive approach against the GI parasitic infections.

O presente estudo foi desenhado para verificar as propriedades anti-helmínticas de algumas plantas locais. Sementes de Amomum (A.) subulatum e Vitex (V.) negundo em diferentes solventes foram submetidas à análise de atividade anti-helmíntica in vitro (ensaio de motilidade de adultos; AMA e teste de eclosão de ovos; EHA) e in vivo (teste de redução da contagem de ovos nas fezes; TRCOF), usando o Haemonchus (H.) contortus como modelo experimental no protocolo de teste. Os resultados dos testes AMA, EHA e TRCOF foram analisados ​​estatisticamente por meio de regressão linear e teste de Duncan. No teste AMA, na concentração de 50 mg mL-1, o percentual de mortalidade de H. contortus foi maior com o uso de A. subulatum do que com V. negundo, enquanto, no teste EHA, A. subulatum apresentou maior ação ovicida (LC50=14,2 µg mL- 1) do que V. negundo (LC50= 65,7405 µg mL-1). O TRCOF também indicou a melhor eficácia do uso de A. subulatum do que de V. negundo contra a infecção natural de parasitas gastrointestinais (GI). O extrato bruto seco das plantas utilizadas neste estudo apresentou 29,6% a 57,7% de atividade anti-helmíntica. A taxa de redução observada com o uso de A. subulatum (3 g kg-1) foi maior que com o uso de V. negundo (7 g kg-1). Em relação à análise da eficácia dos solventes utilizados para o extrato de plantas, o acetato de etila e o clorofórmio apresentaram maior ação ovicida em vermes adultos (testes in vitro), enquanto o extrato bruto metanólico aquoso apresentou maior eficácia do que os extratos brutos secos em testes in vivo. Consideramos vantajoso documentar o conhecimento indígena relativos aos procedimentos científicos padronizados, para sua validação. Este estudo irá servir de motivação para que os agricultores façam escolhas melhores referentes ao cultivo das plantas indígenas devido às suas diferentes eficácias comprovadas, servindo como alternativa para a abordagem preventiva contra as infecções parasitárias GI.

The Role of Propolis as a Natural Product with Potential Gastric Cancer Treatment Properties: A Systematic Review.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common, aggressive, and invasive types of malignant neoplasia. It ranks fifth for incidence and fourth for prevalence worldwide. Products of natural origin, such as propolis, have been assessed for use as new complementary therapies to combat cancer. Propolis is a bee product with antiproliferative and anticancer properties. The concentrations and types of secondary metabolites contained in propolis mainly vary according to the geographical region, the season of the year, and the species of bees that make it. The present study is a systematic review of the main articles related to the effects of propolis against gastric cancer published between 2011 and 2021 in the PubMed and Science Direct databases. Of 1305 articles published, only eight studies were selected; among their principal characteristics was the use of in vitro analysis with cell lines from gastric adenocarcinoma and in vivo murine models of the application of propolis treatments. These studies suggest that propolis arrests the cell cycle and inhibits proliferation, prevents the release of oxidizing agents, and promotes apoptosis. In vivo assays showed that propolis decreased the number of tumors by regulating the cell cycle and the expression of proteins related to apoptosis.

Factors associated with pregnancy rate in fixed-time embryo transfer in cattle under humid-tropical conditions of México.

The objective was to determine the effect of some factors on pregnancy rate of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), in cows and heifers kept under Mexican tropical conditions. Recipients females (n=405) grazing in pastures were selected according to breed group (Zebu and crosses), parity (nulliparous and multiparous), body condition score (BCS) and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). The females were synchronized on day 0 using a progesterone vaginal device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), two groups were established. Group 1 (conventional protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 7. At this time, also received an injection of 50 mg cloprostenol sodium and 1 mg estradiol cypionate. Animals also received 300 IU (heifers) or 360 IU (cows) of eCG. Group 2 (J-Synch protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 6. Cloprotenol and eCG injections were applied as in Group 1. Additionally, on day 9, animals of group 2 received 0.01 mg buserelin acetate. Embryo transfer of in vivo or in vitro was done on day 16 and pregnancy diagnosis was realized by ultrasonography on days 23 and 53 after FTET. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Pregnancy rate varied between farms (P<0.05). The highest pregnancy rate was for multiparous cows (66%). The recipient utilization rate was better in the J-Synch protocol (85%), and in vivo embryos (75%) had higher pregnancy rate. The diameter of the follicle and the CL had no effect on pregnancy rate (P>0.05). However, the logistic regression determined that the only significant factor on pregnancy rate was the type of embryo. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in FTET females was higher for in vivo embryos than for in vitro embryos in cows evaluated under humid tropical conditions in Mexico.

Factors associated with pregnancy rate in fixed-time embryo transfer in cattle under humid-tropical conditions of México

The objective was to determine the effect of some factors on pregnancy rate of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), in cows and heifers kept under Mexican tropical conditions. Recipients females (n=405) grazing in pastures were selected according to breed group (Zebu and crosses), parity (nulliparous and multiparous), body condition score (BCS) and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). The females were synchronized on day 0 using a progesterone vaginal device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), two groups were established. Group 1 (conventional protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 7. At this time, also received an injection of 50 mg cloprostenol sodium and 1 mg estradiol cypionate. Animals also received 300 IU (heifers) or 360 IU (cows) of eCG. Group 2 (J-Synch protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 6. Cloprotenol and eCG injections were applied as in Group 1. Additionally, on day 9, animals of group 2 received 0.01 mg buserelin acetate. Embryo transfer of in vivo or in vitro was done on day 16 and pregnancy diagnosis was realized by ultrasonography on days 23 and 53 after FTET. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Pregnancy rate varied between farms (P0.05). However, the logistic regression determined that the only significant factor on pregnancy rate was the type of embryo. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in FTET females was higher for in vivo embryos than for in vitro embryos in cows evaluated under humid tropical conditions in Mexico.

Factors associated with pregnancy rate in fixed-time embryo transfer in cattle under humid-tropical conditions of México

The objective was to determine the effect of some factors on pregnancy rate of fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET), in cows and heifers kept under Mexican tropical conditions. Recipients females (n=405) grazing in pastures were selected according to breed group (Zebu and crosses), parity (nulliparous and multiparous), body condition score (BCS) and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL). The females were synchronized on day 0 using a progesterone vaginal device and 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), two groups were established. Group 1 (conventional protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 7. At this time, also received an injection of 50 mg cloprostenol sodium and 1 mg estradiol cypionate. Animals also received 300 IU (heifers) or 360 IU (cows) of eCG. Group 2 (J-Synch protocol) were animals in which the progesterone device was removed on day 6. Cloprotenol and eCG injections were applied as in Group 1. Additionally, on day 9, animals of group 2 received 0.01 mg buserelin acetate. Embryo transfer of in vivo or in vitro was done on day 16 and pregnancy diagnosis was realized by ultrasonography on days 23 and 53 after FTET. Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Pregnancy rate varied between farms (P<0.05). The highest pregnancy rate was for multiparous cows (66%). The recipient utilization rate was better in the J-Synch protocol (85%), and in vivo embryos (75%) had higher pregnancy rate. The diameter of the follicle and the CL had no effect on pregnancy rate (P>0.05). However, the logistic regression determined that the only significant factor on pregnancy rate was the type of embryo. In conclusion, pregnancy rate in FTET females was higher for in vivo embryos than for in vitro embryos in cows evaluated under humid tropical conditions in Mexico.(AU)

Hormônio do crescimento (GH) e fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-I (IGF-I): importantes reguladores das foliculogêneses in vivo e in vitro / Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I): major regulators of folliculogenesis in vivo and in vitro

A foliculogênese é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento folicular, envolvendo as etapas de ativação, crescimento e maturação. Durante este evento, hormônios e fatores de crescimento agem em conjunto controlando os complexos mecanismos envolvidos na fisiologia reprodutiva. Dentre estes, destacam-se o hormônio do crescimento (GH) e o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina I (IGF-I), que estão presentes nas diversas etapas da foliculogênese, atuando de forma direta e/ou indireta a fim de proporcionar o desenvolvimento folicular. Durante as últimas décadas, pesquisas acerca do efeito destas substâncias, isoladas ou em associação, têm sido amplamente realizadas. Neste sentido, esta revisão irá abordar o papel do GH e do IGF-I na regulação da foliculogênese, bem como a interação destes fatores nos desenvolvimentos foliculares in vivo e in vitro.(AU)

The folliculogenesis is characterized by follicular development, involving the steps of activation, growth and maturation. During this event, hormones and growth factors act jointly managing the complex mechanisms involved in reproductive physiology. Among these, we highlight the Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) that are present at different stages of folliculogenesis, acting in ways direct or indirect to provide follicular development. During recent decades, searches on the effect of these substances alone or in combination have been widely performed. Therefore, this review will address the role of GH and IGF-I in regulation of folliculogenesis, as well as the interaction of these factors in follicular development in vivo and in vitro.(AU)

Hormônio do crescimento (GH) e fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-I (IGF-I): importantes reguladores das foliculogêneses in vivo e in vitro / Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I): major regulators of folliculogenesis in vivo and in vitro

A foliculogênese é caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento folicular, envolvendo as etapas de ativação, crescimento e maturação. Durante este evento, hormônios e fatores de crescimento agem em conjunto controlando os complexos mecanismos envolvidos na fisiologia reprodutiva. Dentre estes, destacam-se o hormônio do crescimento (GH) e o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina I (IGF-I), que estão presentes nas diversas etapas da foliculogênese, atuando de forma direta e/ou indireta a fim de proporcionar o desenvolvimento folicular. Durante as últimas décadas, pesquisas acerca do efeito destas substâncias, isoladas ou em associação, têm sido amplamente realizadas. Neste sentido, esta revisão irá abordar o papel do GH e do IGF-I na regulação da foliculogênese, bem como a interação destes fatores nos desenvolvimentos foliculares in vivo e in vitro.

The folliculogenesis is characterized by follicular development, involving the steps of activation, growth and maturation. During this event, hormones and growth factors act jointly managing the complex mechanisms involved in reproductive physiology. Among these, we highlight the Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) that are present at different stages of folliculogenesis, acting in ways direct or indirect to provide follicular development. During recent decades, searches on the effect of these substances alone or in combination have been widely performed. Therefore, this review will address the role of GH and IGF-I in regulation of folliculogenesis, as well as the interaction of these factors in follicular development in vivo and in vitro.

Estudo da toxicidade in vivo e in vitro em produtos de papel para fins sanitários e sua avaliação microbiológica / Study the toxicity in vivo and in vitro in papers with sanitary purposes and microbiological quality assessment

Os papéis para fins sanitários são produtos absorventes compostos de fibras naturais, destinados à fabricação de papel higiênico, lenços, toalhas, guardanapos e lençóis hospitalares. Foram analisados 65 produtos de diferentes marcas de papéis comercializadas em São Paulo para avaliar a toxicidade dérmica utilizando-se ensaios in vivo e in vitro e a qualidade microbiológica. Foram utilizados ensaios recomendados pelas Norma ABNT NBR 15134-30/09/2004, Portaria 1480-31/12/1990 e Farmacopeia Americana. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado utilizando-se técnicas de Draize, Magnusson e Kligman; para o teste in vitro pela difusão em ágar foram empregadas as linhagens celulares NCTC clone 929 (ATCC-CCL1). Os produtos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios nos ensaios in vivo e in vitro. A qualidade microbiológica foi satisfatória em 49 (75,4%) amostras, porém em 16 (24,6%) amostras os resultados foram insatisfatórios pela presença de bactérias mesófilas aeróbias e de Clostridium spp. A técnica de citotoxicidade in vitro poderá ser utilizada como teste de triagem e como ensaio alternativo em substituição aos ensaios in vivo. Apesar da análise microbiológica não constar nas normas vigentes, o seu uso torna-se relevante para avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e atender às normas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação e Controle.

Papers manufactured for sanitary purposes are absorbing products, composed by natural fibers, and usedto produce hygienic paper, handkerchiefs, towels, napkins, and hospital sheets. Sixty-five products fromdifferent manufacturers and marketed in São Paulo, Brazil were investigated by in vivo and in vitro dermal toxicity assays and microbiological quality analysis. The assays were performed following ABNT NBR 15134 Regulation and Ministerial Decree 1480. In vivo assay was carried out by Draize and Magnusson and Kligman techniques, and in vitro testing was performed by agar diffusion NCTC cell strains clone 929(ATCC-CCL1). Microbiological analysis was performed according to Ministerial Decree 1480. The analyzed products showed satisfactory results on both in vivo and in vitro assays. Forty-nine (75.4%) samples showed satisfactory microbiological quality, but unsatisfactory in 16 (24.6%) samples due to the occurrence of aerobicmesophilic bacteria and Clostridium spp. In vitro cytotoxicity assay could be used as screening test, and as an alternative test for replacing the animal-using methodologies. The microbiological analysis is not included in the pertinent guidelines, but the use of analytical marker is crucial for assessing the sanitary-hygienic conditions and also to act in compliance with Good Manufacturing and Control Practices.

Study the toxicity in vivo and in vitro in papers with sanitary purposes and microbiological quality assessment / Estudo da toxicidade in vivo e in vitro em produtos de papel para fins sanitários e sua avaliação microbiológica

Papers manufactured for sanitary purposes are absorbing products, composed by natural fibers, and usedto produce hygienic paper, handkerchiefs, towels, napkins, and hospital sheets. Sixty-five products fromdifferent manufacturers and marketed in São Paulo, Brazil were investigated by in vivo and in vitro dermaltoxicity assays and microbiological quality analysis. The assays were performed following ABNT NBR15134 Regulation and Ministerial Decree 1480. In vivo assay was carried out by Draize and Magnussonand Kligman techniques, and in vitro testing was performed by agar diffusion NCTC cell strains clone 929(ATCC-CCL1). Microbiological analysis was performed according to Ministerial Decree 1480. The analyzedproducts showed satisfactory results on both in vivo and in vitro assays. Forty-nine (75.4%) samples showedsatisfactory microbiological quality, but unsatisfactory in 16 (24.6%) samples due to the occurrence of aerobicmesophilic bacteria and Clostridium spp. In vitro cytotoxicity assay could be used as screening test, and as analternative test for replacing the animal-using methodologies. The microbiological analysis is not includedin the pertinent guidelines, but the use of analytical marker is crucial for assessing the sanitary-hygienicconditions and also to act in compliance with Good Manufacturing and Control Practices.

Os papéis para fins sanitários são produtos absorventes compostos de fibras naturais, destinados à fabricaçãode papel higiênico, lenços, toalhas, guardanapos e lençóis hospitalares. Foram analisados 65 produtos dediferentes marcas de papéis comercializadas em São Paulo para avaliar a toxicidade dérmica utilizando-seensaios in vivo e in vitro e a qualidade microbiológica. Foram utilizados ensaios recomendados pelas NormaABNT NBR 15134-30/09/2004, Portaria 1480-31/12/1990 e Farmacopeia Americana. O ensaio in vivo foirealizado utilizando-se técnicas de Draize, Magnusson e Kligman; para o teste in vitro pela difusão emágar foram empregadas as linhagens celulares NCTC clone 929 (ATCC-CCL1). Os produtos apresentaramresultados satisfatórios nos ensaios in vivo e in vitro. A qualidade microbiológica foi satisfatória em 49(75,4%) amostras, porém em 16 (24,6%) amostras os resultados foram insatisfatórios pela presença debactérias mesófilas aeróbias e de Clostridium spp. A técnica de citotoxicidade in vitro poderá ser utilizadacomo teste de triagem e como ensaio alternativo em substituição aos ensaios in vivo. Apesar da análisemicrobiológica não constar nas normas vigentes, o seu uso torna-se relevante para avaliar as condiçõeshigiênico-sanitárias e atender às normas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação e Controle.

In vivo and in vitro effects of scorpion venoms in Turkey: a mini-review

Scorpion stings constitute a common type of accident in Turkey due to the geographic location, climate and socioeconomic structure of this country. Moreover, envenomation cases are considered a public health problem throughout Turkey. Based on data in the literature, the main clinical features of scorpion envenomations are defined as systemic manifestations including sweating, hypertension and vomiting, and among prominent causes of death are cardiorespiratory manifestations, toxic myocarditis and pulmonary edema. The most important health-threatening scorpions found in Turkey are: Androctonus crassicauda, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Mesobuthus gibbosus and Mesobuthus eupeus, all of which belong to the Buthidae family. This study indicates that there is no data related to venom toxicity and in vivo effects of other scorpions found in Turkey - such as Mesobuthus caucasicus, Mesobuthus nigrocinctus and Hottentotta saulcyi - and that further research should be performed to determine their health effects.(AU)

In vivo and in vitro effects of scorpion venoms in Turkey: a mini-review

Scorpion stings constitute a common type of accident in Turkey due to the geographic location, climate and socioeconomic structure of this country. Moreover, envenomation cases are considered a public health problem throughout Turkey. Based on data in the literature, the main clinical features of scorpion envenomations are defined as systemic manifestations including sweating, hypertension and vomiting, and among prominent causes of death are cardiorespiratory manifestations, toxic myocarditis and pulmonary edema. The most important health-threatening scorpions found in Turkey are: Androctonus crassicauda, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Mesobuthus gibbosus and Mesobuthus eupeus, all of which belong to the Buthidae family. This study indicates that there is no data related to venom toxicity and in vivo effects of other scorpions found in Turkey - such as Mesobuthus caucasicus, Mesobuthus nigrocinctus and Hottentotta saulcyi - and that further research should be performed to determine their health effects.(AU)