Relationships among Physical Fitness, External Loads, and Heart Rate Recovery: A Study on Futsal Players during an Overseas Congested-Weeks Training Camp.

This study examined relationships among players' physical characteristics, match external loads, and heart rate recovery (HRR) during match substitutions in a congested fixture of an overseas futsal training camp. Eleven under-20 national futsal players' anthropometric characteristics (age, body height, body mass, % fat, and % muscle) and physical fitness [HRmax, VO2max, maximal aerobic speed (MAS) during the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (IFT)] were determined. Additionally, locomotion profiles during field play and HRR sitting on the bench were recorded during five matches. A repeated-measures analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. The results revealed that the overall observed correlations among anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness, and HRR were inconsistent across all the matches and substitutions. However, the numbers of moderate (1.00-1.99 m/s2), moderate-to-high (2.00-2.99 m/s2), and high (3.00-50.00 m/s2) intensities of acceleration presented negative correlations in the last match (r < -0.76; p < 0.05). HRR during match substitutions may have been influenced by uncontrolled factors across all the match play and recovery. HRR measures may be affected mainly by fatigue caused by the accumulation of accelerations throughout a congested fixture during a congested-schedule of a futsal training camp.

Research on women's futsal: a scoping review.

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive scoping literature review to provide an overview of the current state of research within women's futsal. We searched four electronic databases (SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised original research published in peer-reviewed journals, available in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The focus was on studies investigating women in futsal, encompassing both players and those in leadership positions, regardless of their age or skill level. The analysis included the authorship (location), population characteristics (number of participants, level of play, and age), themes explored, and primary findings. A total of 692 records were found, but only 175 met the selection criteria. The results highlighted a recent attention in the scientific literature, with the first publications emerging in 2005 and a notable increase since 2016. Strength and Conditioning topics constituted the most frequently explored area, comprising 32% of the studies. Notably, no studies focusing on coaching or management aspects were identified. In terms of the participant population, most studies concentrated on high-level (33%) and senior (84%) players. Few studies have investigated practitioners with disabilities or women in other positions such as coaches or managers. Most of the studies were conducted by Brazilian researchers (60%), indicating the need for investigations in different socio-cultural contexts. The recent academic attention and the upcoming inaugural edition of the FIFA Futsal Women's World CupTM in 2025 reinforce the need for further studies on women's futsal. This review contributes by identifying the scientific gaps that can be explored by future investigations.

Total and regional body composition are related with aerobic fitness performance in elite futsal players.

Body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass profile) has been related to aerobic performance, an essential capacity for futsal athletes. The present study aimed to verify the relationship between total and regional body composition (percentage of fat and lean mass) with aerobic performance in elite futsal players. Male professional futsal athletes (n = 44) from two Brazilian National Futsal League teams and athletes representing the National team participated in this study. Body composition was evaluated using DXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) and aerobic fitness by ergospirometry. There was a negative (p < 0.05) correlation between maximum oxygen uptake and maximal velocity reached with total body (r = -0.53; r = -0.58), trunk (r = -0.52; r = -0.56) and lower-limb (r = -0.46; r = -0.55) fat mass percentage. Lower-limb lean mass percentage had a positive (p < 0.05) correlation with maximum oxygen uptake (r = 0.46) and maximal velocity (r = 0.55). In conclusion, total and regional body composition present a relationship with aerobic performance in professional futsal players.

Intraindividual Relationships Between Training Loads and Heart-Rate Variability in High-Level Female Futsal Players: A Longitudinal Study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the internal training loads of a professional Spanish female futsal team throughout 26 weeks of training including preseason and in-season weeks and verify the impact of training period and/or training load magnitudes on heart-rate variability responses. Furthermore, we aimed to assess, intraindividually, the relationship between training load and the coefficient of variation (CV) of weekly natural log of the root mean square difference of successive normal interbeat (RR) intervals (lnRMSSDCV), obtained from ∼5 measures per week, and recorded in the seated position. METHODS: A within-subject design involved 12 high-level outfield female futsal players (mean [SD] age: 23.9 [3.4] y). RESULTS: lnRMSSD was significantly lower and lnRMSSDCV was significantly higher during the preseason (weeks 1-6) compared to in-season (weeks 7-26) (P < .001). Individually, players presented moderate to large negative correlations between lnRMSSDCV and lnRMSSD during the 26 weeks of observation. Correlations ranged between rplayer4 = -.41 (95% CI, -.69 to -.02) and rplayer12 = -.55 (-.78 to -.18). Players also presented moderate to very large positive correlations between lnRMSSDCV and session rating of perceived exertion. Correlations ranged between rplayer7 = .41 (.04 to .71) and rplayer1 = .71 (.45 to .86). CONCLUSION: Professional female futsal players in this study presented increased lnRMSSD and reduced lnRMSSDCV during 20 weeks into the competitive season compared to 6 weeks of preseason. Furthermore, lnRMSSDCV was negatively associated with lnRMSSD on an intraindividual basis. Finally, higher internal training loads were positively correlated with lnRMSSDCV, indicating that heart-rate variability is responsive to weekly training loads.

Talent Identification and Development in Male Futsal: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed to identify and synthesize the most significant literature addressing talent identification and development in futsal. A systematic review of Web of Science™ (all databases), Scopus, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. This study included original articles in English, Spanish or Portuguese containing relevant data on talent development/identification of male futsal players. The search yielded 238 articles. After screening, a total of 32 manuscripts were fully reviewed. The quality of the data reviewed was generally good. Results indicate that the most successful players exhibit technical, tactical, anthropometric, physiological and psychological advantages and are distinguished from lower-level players based on their earlier dedication to training. This review highlights the need for those involved in the process of identifying and developing talented futsal players to consider the technical and tactical skills of futsal players, along with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics, scaled to age. Finally, special attention should be paid to the supportive psychosocial environments created in sports academies for developing futsal players. Overall, talent identification and development programmes in futsal need to be dynamic and offer the possibility of changing assessment parameters in the long term.

A produção científica sobre futsal: o perfil de teses e dissertações no Brasil (2012-2020) / Scientific production on futsal: the profile of theses and dissertations in Brazil (2012-2020) / Producción científica sobre fútbol sala: el perfil de tesis y disertaciones en Brasil (2012-2020)

O objetivo deste artigo foi traçar o panorama da produção científica escrita em teses e dissertações no Brasil sobre o futsal entre os anos de 2012 e 2020. Foram utilizadas como base de dados: Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e Google Acadêmico. Para pesquisa os descritores "Futsal" e "Futebol de Salão" foram designados para a seleção dos manuscritos, sendo analisados 85 dissertações e 25 teses, totalizando 110 estudos. Conclui-se que, os dados analisados, nesta pesquisa, não apresentam um crescimento consistente de produções nos últimos nove anos, com exceção do ano de 2020. Todavia foi observado o início de um alargamento de temáticas e novas propostas de investigação sobre a modalidade e este movimento pode ser explicado pelo vínculo de pesquisadores, grupos e linhas de pesquisa nos programas de pós-graduação que possibilitam o estudo sobre esporte e futsal.

The objective of this article was to outline the panorama of scientific production written in theses and dissertations in Brazil on futsal between the years 2012 and 2020. The following databases were used: Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and Google Scholar. For research, the descriptors "Futsal" and "Indoor soccer" were designated for the selection of manuscripts, being analyzed 85 dissertations and 25 theses, totaling 110 studies. It is concluded that, the data analyzed in this research do not show a consistent growth of productions in the last nine years, with the exception of the year 2020. However, the beginning of an expansion of themes and new research proposals on the modality was observed and this movement can be explained for the bond of researchers, groups and lines of research in the graduate programs that make possible the study of sport and futsal.

El objetivo de este artículo fue delinear el panorama de la producción científica escrita en tesis y disertaciones en Brasil sobre el fútbol sala entre los años 2012 y 2020. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: Tesis y Disertaciones de la Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior (CAPES); Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones (BDTD) y Google Scholar. Para la investigación, se designaron los descriptores "Futsal" y "Fútbol Sala" para la selección de manuscritos, siendo analizados 85 disertaciones y 25 tesis, totalizando 110 estudios. Los datos analizados en esta investigación no muestran un crecimiento consistente de las producciones en los últimos nueve años, con excepción del año 2020. Sin embargo, se observó el inicio de una expansión de temas y nuevas propuestas de investigación sobre la modalidad y este movimiento puede se explicará por la vinculación de investigadores, grupos y líneas de investigación en los programas de posgrado que posibiliten el estudio del deporte y el futsal.

Updating futsal physiology, immune system, and performance.

Futsal promotes stress by handling the ball, physical contact, and exhaustive muscle contractions, elevating the risks for injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation after a training session or a match. In this review, we critically evaluate the more recent advances in the performance and health of futsal players. We searched the effects of futsal on performance, physiological parameters, muscle injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Although the stressful factors apply to all futsal players, goalkeepers require special attention during the competition and the recovery phase. We also show that the FIFA injury prevention programme, called The 11+, is effective in improving athletic performance and avoiding injury in futsal players. Research with different training durations and intensities and a wider range of studies involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and physiological mechanisms are of interest to design a more precise map of the biochemical regulation of training load and competition season in futsal.

Updating futsal physiology, immune system, and performance

Futsal promotes stress by handling the ball, physical contact, and exhaustive muscle contractions, elevating the risks for injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation after a training session or a match. In this review, we critically evaluate the more recent advances in the performance and health of futsal players. We searched the effects of futsal on performance, physiological parameters, muscle injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Although the stressful factors apply to all futsal players, goalkeepers require special attention during the competition and the recovery phase. We also show that the FIFA injury prevention programme, called The 11+, is effective in improving athletic performance and avoiding injury in futsal players. Research with different training durations and intensities and a wider range of studies involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and physiological mechanisms are of interest to design a more precise map of the biochemical regulation of training load and competition season in futsal.

Preseason Training Improves Perception of Fatigue and Recovery From a Futsal Training Session.

PURPOSE: To compare the posttraining recovery timeline of elite Brazilian futsal athletes before (Pre-PS) and after 10 weeks of the preseason (Post-PS) period of high-intensity technical-tactical training. METHODS: At the start (n = 13) and at the end of the preseason (n = 7), under-20 male futsal players undertook fitness testing for maximal aerobic power, the countermovement jump (CMJ), and the 10-m sprint with change of direction. Furthermore, at both Pre-PS and Post-PS, the players participated in a training session where performance and psychophysiological measures were recorded before, immediately, 3, 24, and 48 hours postsession. The measures included CMJ, 10-m sprint, creatine kinase, Total Quality Recovery Scale, and Brunel Mood Scale. Effect size (ES) analyses compared fitness and posttraining recovery values for each parameter at Pre-PS versus Post-PS. RESULTS: Only trivial ES (-0.02 to 0.11) was evident in maximal aerobic power, CMJ, and 10-m sprint at Post-PS compared with Pre-PS. For the timeline of recovery, only trivial and small ESs were evident for the 10-m sprint (-0.12 to 0.49), though CMJ recovery was improved at 3 hours (0.87) and 48 hours (1.27) at Post-PS and creatine kinase was lower at 48 hours (-1.33) at Post-PS. Perception of recovery was improved in Post-PS at 3 hours (1.50) and 24 hours postsession (0.92). Furthermore, perception of effort was lower immediately after the session (-0.29), fatigue was lower at 3 hours (-0.63), and vigor responses were improved in all postseason assessments (0.59 to 1.13). CONCLUSION: Despite minimal changes in fitness, preseason training attenuated players' perception of effort and fatigue and improved their recovery profile following a high-intensity technical-tactical training session.

Goal effectiveness after players' dismissals in professional futsal teams.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of players' dismissals on the outcome of attacks in elite futsal matches, and to establish the performance profile of the attacks made in numerical superiority by elite futsal teams. One hundred and twenty five attacking game situations in numerical superiority (dismissal of opponents from defensive team) were analysed from the regular season of the Spanish professional Futsal League. The effect of contextual-related variables (quality of opposition, match-location, match-periods, opponent team's fouls, match-status, attack-duration and match-type) on goal effectiveness was analysed using binomial logistic regression and two-step cluster analysis. Results from the binary logistic regression showed that the highest attack effectiveness was achieved when the teams play at home, perform the attack during minutes 33-36 and the opposing team has 3 fouls. Secondly, the two-step cluster analysis technique allowed identifying four types of attacks when the teams were playing with numerical superiority. The results showed the great importance (in order) of match-type, match-status, attacking team's fouls, match-period, quality of opposition, opposing team's fouls, match-location, goal situation, and attack duration. The identified trends may help coaches to design the superiority/inferiority scenarios more specifically during training and to monitor them during competition.

Estados de Humor e Resultado Esportivo de Uma Equipe ao Longo da Segunda Fase da Liga Nacional de Futsal / Mood States and Sports Results of a Team Throughout the Second Phase of the National Futsal League

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o humor de atletas profissionais de futsal durante a segunda fase da Liga Futsal Brasileira 2012. A amostra foi composta por 15 atletas do sexo masculino e o instrumento utilizado para avaliação foi a Escala de Humor de Brunel. Os resultados mostram que houve diferenças significativas (p<0,05) dos estados de humor no dia anterior, pré-jogo e pós-jogo. A equipe apresentou estados de humor correspondente ao perfil iceberg em quase todos os momentos: vigor constante e elevado, com exceção do pós-jogo nas derrotas; e fadiga com índices baixos, que se apresentaram elevadas no pós-jogo. Conclui-se que os estados de humor podem intervir positivamente ou negativamente no desempenho esportivo da equipe.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the moods states of professional futsal players during the second phase of the Brazilian Futsal League 2012. The sample was composed of 15 male athletes and the instrument used for evaluation was the Brunel Mood Scale. The results show that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in mood states on the previous day, pre-game and post-game. The team presented mood states corresponding to the iceberg profile in almost all times: constant and high vigor, except for the post-game defeats, and fatigue with low levels, which were elevated in the post-game. It was concluded that mood states can positively or negatively interfere with team sports performance.

Satisfação com a vida e status social subjetivo em atletas de futsal e futebol de campo / Satisfaction with life and subjective social status in athletes of indoor soccer and soccer / Satisfacción con la vida y el nivel social subjetivo en jugadores de fútbol sala y defútbol

Resumo O objetivo foi verificar diferenças na satisfação com a vida e no status social subjetivo entre atletas de futebol e futsal e analisar possíveis relações entre essas variáveis. Participaram 142 atletas, do sexo masculino. Foram usadas a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e Escala MacArthur de Status Social Subjetivo. Na análise dos dados usaram-se estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fischer, teste U de Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman. Os atletas de futsal mostraram-se mais satisfeitos com a vida e o status social subjetivo. A satisfação com a vida apresentou correlação positiva com as dimensões do status. Conclui-se que os atletas de futsal do universo investigado têm uma maior percepção de satisfação com a vida e o status social subjetivo em comparação com os de futebol.

Abstract The aim was to investigate differences in life satisfaction and subjective social status between soccer and indoor soccer athletes and analyze possible relationships between these variables. The study included 142 males athletes. Was used the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status. Was used descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher exact test, U-Mann Whitney test and Spearman correlation. Indoor soccer players were more satisfied with life and subjective social status. Satisfaction with life was positively correlated with all the dimensions that make up the subjective social status. It was concluded that the indoor soccer players have a greater sense of satisfaction with life and subjective social status when compared to soccer players.

Resumen El objetivo fue estudiar las diferencias en la satisfacción con la vida y el nivel social subjetivo entre los jugadores de fútbol y de fútbol sala, y analizar las posibles relaciones entre estas variables. Participaron 142 jugadores de sexo masculino. Se utilizó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida y la Escala MacArthur del Nivel Social Subjetivo. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, la prueba de chi cuadrada, la prueba exacta de Fisher, la prueba de la U de Mann-Whitney y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Los jugadores de fútbol sala estaban más satisfechos con la vida y el nivel social. La satisfacción con la vida se correlacionó positivamente con el nivel social subjetivo. Se concluyó que los jugadores de fútbol sala tienen mayor sensación de satisfacción con la vida y el nivel social subjetivo cuando se los compara con los de fútbol.

The Effect of a Competitive Futsal Match on T Lymphocyte Surface Receptor Signaling and Functions.

In this study, the lymphocyte activation status (surface expression of CD95, CD28, CD25, and CTLA-4), lymphocyte number, lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte necrosis and/or apoptosis, and lymphocyte release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated in blood samples from 16 futsal athletes before and immediately following a competitive match. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood samples, and the cellular parameters were assessed by flow cytometry. The futsal match induced lymphocytosis and lymphocyte apoptosis, as indicated by phosphatidylserine externalization, CD95 expression, and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, the competitive match induced the necrotic death of lymphocytes. No differences in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells or in the T-helper/suppressor profile between before and immediately after the match were observed. Additionally, after the futsal match, the CD95 and CD28 expression levels were decreased, and the lymphocytes spontaneously released higher levels of ROS. Regardless of the origin, the situation-specific knowledge of lymphocyte behavior obtained herein may facilitate the design of strategies to control the processes that result in infection and tissue injury and that subsequently decrease athletic performance.

Different Pathways Leading up to the Same Futsal Competition: Individual and Inter-Team Variability in Loading Patterns and Preseason Training Adaptations.

During the preseason, futsal players deal with large internal load, which may result in a reduction in physical performance. The aims of this study were to compare the session rating of perceived exertion training load (s-RPE TL) during the preseason between two teams; and to analyze the changes on the delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), aerobic- and speed-power characteristics in players accumulating different s-RPE TL (Low (LTL) vs. High (HTL)). Twenty-eight players (Team A, n = 15; Team B, n = 13) were recruited. The s-RPE TL was monitored throughout the preseason phase (five weeks) in both teams. The coaches of each team planned the activities that comprised their training programs, without any interference from the researchers. Team A evaluated countermovement jumps (CMJ) and DOMS weekly. Team B performed squat jumps (SJ), CMJ, 5 m and 15 m sprints, and a futsal intermittent endurance test (PVFIET) before and after the preseason. Team B accumulated an almost-certainly greater s-RPE TL than Team A. In Team A, the CMJ height was likely to almost certainly improved for the HTL group from week 3. In Team B, the 5 m and 15 m sprint likely decreased after the preseason. Changes in 5 m (r = -0.61) and 15 m (r = -0.56) were correlated with total s-RPE TL. Changes in PVFIET were positively associated with changes in sprint, but inversely related to the baseline. s-RPE TL differed between both teams, and substantial gains in neuromuscular performance were observed for the HTL group in Team A. Slower and faster players in Team B showed distinct intermittent-endurance and speed adaptive responses during the high-volume preseason.

Physical performance of elite and subelite Spanish female futsal players.

The aim of this study was to determine the parameters distinguishing top female futsal players from lower level players. Twenty-seven female futsal players participated in the study, composed of professional first division (elite; n = 15) players and semi-professional second division players (sub-elite; n = 14). Active and passive straight leg raise tests, isokinetic strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles at 60° · s(-1) angular velocity, squat and counter movement jumps, 30 m sprint, 30 m agility, repeated sprint ability test and maximum ball speed during shooting were measured. The elite players were more agile and kicked harder than sub-elite players in maximum ball speed during the shooting test (P ≤ 0.05). However, no significant differences between teams were observed in active and passive hamstring flexibility, jumping ability, repeated sprint ability test, 30 m sprint time, H/Q ratio and absolute and relative torque from 60° · s(-1) angular velocity. Based on these findings we conclude that agility and maximum ball speed during shooting may be important determinant factors of Spanish female futsal actions and could distinguish ability at high-level games.

Foot and Ankle Injuries in Professional Soccer Players: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Expectations.

Soccer is one of the most popular sports in the world. It has undergone many changes in recent years, mainly because of increased physical demands, and this has led to an increased injury risk. Direct contact accounts for half of all injuries in both indoor and outdoor soccer and ankle sprains are the most common foot and ankle injury. There is a spectrum of foot and ankle injuries and their treatment should be individualized in these high-demand patients. An injury prevention program is also important and should the players, the trainer, responsible physician, and physical therapists.

Monitoring weekly heart rate variability in futsal players during the preseason: the importance of maintaining high vagal activity.

This study aimed to compare the weekly natural log of the root-mean-square difference of successive normal inter-beat (RR) intervals (ln RMSSDWeekly) and its coefficient of variation (ln RMSSDCV) in response to 5 weeks of preseason training in professional male futsal players. A secondary aim was to assess the relationship between ln RMSSDWeekly and ln RMSSDCV. The ln RMSSD is a measure of cardiac-vagal activity, and ln RMSSDCV represents the perturbations of cardiac autonomic homeostasis, which may be useful for assessing how athletes are coping with training. Ten futsal players had their resting ln RMSSD recorded prior to the first daily training session on four out of approximately five regular training days · week-1. Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) was quantified for all training sessions. Despite weekly sRPE varying between 3455 ± 300 and 5243 ± 463 arbitrary units (a.u.), the group changes in ln RMSSDWeekly were rated as unclear (using magnitude-based inference), although large inter-individual variability in ln RMSSD responses was observed. The ln RMSSDCV in weeks 4 and 5 were likely lower than the previous weeks. A large and significant negative correlation (r = -0.53; CI 90%: -0.36; -0.67) was found between ln RMSSD and ln RMSSDCV. Therefore, monitoring individual ln RMSSD responses is suggested since large inter-individual variations may exist in response to futsal training. In addition, higher values of ln RMSSD are associated with lower oscillations of cardiac autonomic activity.

Quantifying the offensive sequences that result in goals in elite futsal matches.

The aim of this study was to quantify the type of offensive sequences that result in goals in elite futsal. Thirty competitive games in the Spanish Primera Division de Sala were analysed using computerised notation analysis for patterns of play that resulted in goals. More goals were scored in positional attack (42%) and from set pieces (27%) compared to other activities. The number of defence to offense "transitions" (n = 45) and the start of offensive plays due to the rules of the game (n = 45) were the most common type of sequences that resulted in goals compared to other patterns of play. The central offensive zonal areas were the most common for shots on goal, with 73% of all goals scored from these areas of the pitch compared to defensive and wide zones. The foot was the main part of the body involved in scoring (n = 114). T-pattern analysis of offensive sequences revealed regular patterns of play, which are common in goal scoring opportunities in futsal and are typical movement patterns in this sport. The data demonstrate common offensive sequences and movement patterns related to goals in elite futsal and this could provide important information for the development of physical and technical training drills that replicate important game situations.

Respostas bioquímicas e físicas ao treinamento realizado dentro e fora da água em atletas de futsal / Physical and biochemical responses to training performed in and out of the water in indoor soccer players

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do treinamento físico em quadra e do treinamento físico em piscina (hidroginástica) sobre os índices bioquímicos relativos ao dano muscular e a aptidão física de atletas de futsal. Doze jogadores de futsal foram divididos em dois grupos: 1) grupo de treinamento em quadra (GTQ, n = 6) e 2) grupo de treinamento em piscina (GTP, n =6). Foram verificados os índices de capacidades aeróbicas e aneróbicas pelos testes de RAST e Yo-yo intermitent, o dano muscular pela creatina quinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e os níveis de stress oxidativo pelos níveis de ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e atividade da catalase (CAT) antes e após 10 sessões de trainamento (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que ambos os grupos melhoraram a condição aeróbica após as 10 sessões de treinamento. Mas o GTP apresentou maior atividade da CAT em repouso e menores níveis de CK ao ser comparado com o GTQ na 10ª sessão de treino. Concluiu-se que o treino com hidroginástica parece ser uma alternativa interessante para a melhoria das capacidades físicas e para a proteção muscular durante a preparação física inicial de atletas de futsal.

The aim of this study was analyzed the effects of physical training on land and in water (water exercise) on the biochemical levels related to the damage and physical capacity of soccer players. Twelve soccer players were divided into two groups: 1) group training on land (GTL, n=6) and 2) group training in water (GTW, n=6). Levels of aerobic and anaerobic capacities by RAST and Yo-yo intermittent tests, damage by creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress levels by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and catalase activity (CAT) were evaluated before and after 10 sessions of physical training (p<0,05). The results showed that both groups increased their aerobic capacity after ten training sessions. The GTW presented higher CAT at rest and lower levels of CK to be compared with the GTL at the 10th training session. The conclusion is that training in water seems to be an interesting alternative to improve the physical capacities and to protect muscle during pre season training of indoor soccer players.

Acute effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching on maximal voluntary contraction and muscle electromyographical activity in indoor soccer players.

The aim was to investigate and compare the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and static stretching (SS) on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and muscle activation in indoor soccer players. Thirty-three young adult men were divided into two groups: (i) sedentary and (ii) trained. Each group completed three different experimental trials: SS, PNF and no stretching (NS). The MVC of knee extension was evaluated before and immediately after each condition along with electromyography from the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles of the dominant leg. PNF or SS techniques induced no decrease on MVC and muscle electromyographical activity in indoor soccer players (P>0·05). The electromyography of the RF and VL was lower after SS only in the sedentary group (P≤0·05). Short-duration PNF or SS has no effect on isometric MVC and muscle activity in indoor soccer players.