How to create by your own a customized hip cement mega-spacer for a hip megaprosthesis two-stage revision surgery after oncologic limb-salvage surgery - Surgical technique and case report.

Managing chronic periprosthetic infections in patients who have undergone limb-salvage surgery following a malignant bone tumor with megaprosthesis often involves a two-stage revision surgery with the use of a cement-spacer. This paper show details the preparation of a self-made intramedullary metal-stabilized mega-cement spacer for patients needing a two-stage revision surgery due to infection after oncologic bone tumor resection and limb-salvage surgery with megaprosthesis and present two clinical cases treated with this technique. The report provides a practical surgical technique to create a cement hip mega-spacer using readily available tools in most orthopedic surgical settings.

Epidemiología de las infecciones post osteosíntesis detectadas por baño de ultrasonido en el Servicio de Traumatología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas / Post osteosinthesis infections epidemiology by ultrasound bath in the trauma service of the University Hospital of Caracas

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la epidemiología de la infección post osteosíntesis a través de cultivos de fluidos sonicados en los pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Caracas en el período comprendido entre noviembre 2021-noviembre 2022. Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo, serie de casos, a través de la revisión de historias médicas de todos los casos que acudieron con diagnóstico de infección post osteosíntesis a fin de determinar cuál agente causal fue el más común, factores de riesgo asociados y tratamiento de elección. Se incluyeron 10 pacientes, 70% de sexo masculino y edad promedio de 40,6±17,9 años. Los gérmenes aislados en el cultivo convencional fueron el SAMS, SAMR, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (10,0% cada uno), el 60,0% de los cultivos en esta modalidad fueron negativos, en el cultivo de fluidos por baño de ultrasonido, el germen más frecuente fue el SAMR en el 30% de los casos, seguido del SAMS con 20%, en menor medida un caso de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo y una infección polimicrobiana compuesta por K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae y Enterococo sp. El tratamiento médico consistió en antibioticoterapia vía endovenosa, se realizó de acuerdo al antibiograma obtenido del cultivo, el más empleado fue la cefazolina en 30% (en casos de SAMS), seguido de la vancomicina + meropenem y la vancomicina aislada en 20%. Todos los pacientes cumplieron tratamiento al menos por 4 semanas con evolución satisfactoria(AU)

The objective of this work is to determine the epidemiology of post-osteosynthesis infection through sonicated fluid cultures in patients at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas in the period between November 2021 and November 2022. An observational study of type, series of cases, through the review of the medical records of all the cases that presented with a diagnosis of post-osteosynthesis infection in order to determine which causative agent was the most common, associated risk factors and treatment of choice. 10 patients were included, 70% male and mean age 40.6 ± 17.9 years. The germs isolated in the conventional culture were SAMS, SAMR, Enterobacter cloacae, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (10.0% each), 60.0% of the cultures in this modality were negative, in the culture of fluids by bath of On ultrasound, the most frequent germ was MRSA in 30% of cases, followed by SAMS with 20%, to a lesser extent a case of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and a polymicrobial infection made up of K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae and Enterococcus sp. The medical treatment consisted of intravenous antibiotic therapy, it was carried out according to the antibiogram obtained from the culture, the most used was cefazolin in 30% (in cases of SAMS), followed by vancomycin + meropenem and vancomycin alone in 20%. All patients complied with treatment for at least 4 weeks with satisfactory evolution(AU)

Infecciones osteoarticulares: epidemiología, etiología y evolución clínica en un centro de referencia nacional

Introducción: la infección osteo-articular es una patología compleja, y su prevalencia esta en aumento. Conocer las principales características de su presentación clínica, etiología y evolución permite mejorar su abordaje. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, período 01 de enero 2020 a 31 diciembre 2020 en el Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia y Traumatología. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes adultos ingresados con diagnóstico clínico de infección osteo-articular y que fueron asistido en conjunto por Enfermedades Infecciosas y Traumatología en el período de estudio. Todos los casos contaban con uno o más cultivos microbiológicos profundos. Resultados: hubo 132 pacientes con infección osteo-articular, la relación hombre-mujer fue 2 a 1 y una media de 53 años. La presentación clínica fue con dolor, fístula y signos fluxivos locales. Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron de fracturas y prótesis articulares. El 54% de las infecciones fue por cocos gram positivos, 31% por enterobacterias y 13% bacilos gram negativos no fermentadores. En cuanto al perfil de sensibilidad 33% de los cocos fueron meticilino resistentes y 43% de las enterobacterias multirresistentes. Conclusión: La patología mas frecuente en 2 de cada 3 ingresos fue la infección de fracturas y la asociada a material implantado. A la complejidad habitual del tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicrobiano de esta patología se suma que 3 de cada 10 microorganismos aislados fueron resistentes.

Introduction: osteoarticular infections are a complex condition that are gradually increasing in prevalence. Learning about its clinical presentation, etiology and evolution will enable improving its management. Method: observational, retrospective study of cases seen at the National Orthopedic and Traumatology Institute from January 1st, 2020 to December 31st, 2020. All adult patients admitted with clinical diagnosis of osteoarticular infection who were assisted jointly by the Infectious Diseases and Traumatology units in the above mentioned period were included in the study. All cases had at least one deep microbiological cultures. Results: there were 132 patients with osteoarticular infection, female to male ratio was 2-to-1 and average age was 53 years old. Clinical presentation was characterized by pain, fistula and local fluxiye signs. The most frequent infections were fracture and prosthetic joint infections. Fifty four percent of infections were caused by gram-positive coccus, 31% were caused by enterobacteria and 13% by nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB). As to the sensitivity profile, 33% of cocci were methicillin-resistant and 43% of enterobacteria were multidrug-resistant. Conclusions: the most frequent pathology in 2 out of three hospitalizations were fracture infection and infections in orthopedic-related devices. The usual complexity.

Introdução: a infecção osteoarticular é uma patologia complexa, e sua prevalência está aumentando. Conhecer as principais características da sua apresentação clínica, etiologia e evolução permite-nos melhorar a sua abordagem. Material e métodos: estudo observacional, retrospectivo, que inclui pacientes atendidos no período 1º de janeiro -a 31 de dezembro de 2020 no Instituto Nacional de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes adultos internados com diagnóstico clínico de infecção osteoarticular atendidos conjuntamente por especialistas em Infecciologia e Traumatologia. Em todos os casos foram realizadas uma ou mais culturas microbiológicas profundas. Resultados: foram incluídos 132 pacientes diagnosticados com infecção osteoarticular, a relação homem-mulher foi de 2 para 1 e a idade média foi 53 anos. A apresentação clínica foi: dor, fístula e sinais inflamatórios agudos locais. As infecções mais frequentes foram as associadas a fraturas e próteses articulares. 54% das infecções foram devidas a cocos Gram positivos, 31% a enterobactérias e 13% a bacilos Gram negativos não fermentadores. Em relação ao perfil de sensibilidade, 33% dos cocos eram resistentes à meticilina e 43% das enterobactérias eram multirresistentes. Conclusão: a patologia mais frequente em 2 dos 3 internamentos foi a infecção das fracturas e estava associada ao material implantado. Acrescenta-se à complexidade usual do tratamento cirúrgico e antimicrobiano desta doença o fato de que 3 em cada 10 microrganismos isolados eram resistentes.

Endocarditis infecciosa luego del implante de válvula aórtica por cateterismo / Infective Endocarditis after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

RESUMEN Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) post implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI) es poco frecuente, con una alta tasa de morbimortalidad. Métodos: Se analizaron 630 pacientes consecutivos con TAVI, de los cuales 6 (0,95%) presentaron EI. Resultados: Cuatro eran hombres, edad 81,3 ± 2,2 años, y todos sintomáticos. La fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) fue 56,8 ± 5,3%. Todos recibieron un implante exitoso y uno presentó regurgitación moderada. Dos requirieron marcapaso definitivo, a uno de ellos se le debió recolocar el cable a las 24 hs. La EI se presentó a los 63,5 ± 73,3 días (mediana de 35 días). El germen aislado fue un coco (+) en cuatro casos. En uno se observó una vegetación en el ecocardiograma transesofágico. Un paciente falleció dentro de los 30 días. El seguimiento fue a 23 ± 22 meses, ningún paciente presentó nuevos eventos o internaciones. En el eco Doppler la FEVI fue de 55,9 ± 4,6%, el gradiente medio 8,2 ± 1,8 mmHg y la velocidad pico de 1,8 ± 0,2 m/seg. Un paciente terminó una regurgitación moderada. Conclusiones: En esta serie de pacientes, la EI post TAVI fue poco frecuente y presentó una evolución favorable con el tratamiento antibiótico.

ABSTRACT Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a rare complication with high morbidity and mortality. Methods: Of 630 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI, 6 (0.95%) presented IE. Results: Four patients were men, mean age was 81.3 ± 2.2 years and all the patients were symptomatic. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 56.8 ± 5.3%. The procedure was successful in all the patients and one presented moderate regurgitation. Two patients required definitive pacemaker and the lead had to be reimplanted 24 hours later in 1 patient. Time to IE was 63.5 ± 73.3 days (median 35 days). A Gram-positive coccus was isolated in four cases. One patient presented a vegetation on transesophagic echocardiography. One patient died within 30 days. During follow-up of 23 ± 22 months none of the patients presented new events or hospitalizations. On Doppler echocardiography, LVEF was 55.9 ± 4.6%, mean trans-aortic gradient was 8.2 ± 1.8 mm Hg and peak systolic velocity was 1.8 ± 0.2 m/s. One patient had moderate regurgitation. Conclusions: In this series of patients, IE after TAVI was uncommon and had a favorable course with antibiotic treatment.

Dual prophylaxis with teicoplanin and cefazolin in the prevention of prosthetic joint infection. / Profilaxis dual con teicoplanina añadida a cefazolina en la prevención de la infección de prótesis articular.

INTRODUCTION: There is a growing increase in prosthetic joint infection (PJI) incidence due to cephalosporin-resistant bacteria, used in surgical prophylaxis. The replacement of these with glycopeptides has not been shown to improve the results, but they have been shown to improve with their combination. METHODS: Comparative study of combination of teicoplanin and cefazolin before arthroplasty surgery against cefazolin alone from a previous control group. RESULTS: During the control period, there were 16 PJIs from 585 surgeries, while in the intervention group there were 6 from 579 (incidence 2.7% vs. 1.03%, RR 0.4, P=.04). In control group, 11 of the infections were caused by Gram-positive bacteria versus 4 in the intervention group (1.8% vs. 0.7%, P=.08). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of teicoplanin to cefazolin in the prophylaxis of arthroplasty surgery was associated with a reduction in the incidence of PJI, thanks to a decrease in infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

[Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus in carrier patients undergoing joint arthroplasty]. / Resultados de una intervención de descolonización de Staphylococcus aureus en pacientes portadores a los que se indica una prótesis articular.

INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a complication with serious repercussions and its main cause is Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study is to determine whether decolonization of S.aureus carriers helps to reduce the incidence of PJI by S.aureus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An S.aureus screening test was performed on nasal carriers in patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty between January and December 2011. Patients with a positive test were treated with intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine soap 5 days. The incidence of PJI was compared with patients undergoing the same surgery between January and December 2010. RESULTS: A total of 393 joint replacements were performed in 391 patients from the control group, with 416 joint replacements being performed in the intervention group. Colonization study was performed in 382 patients (91.8%), of which 102 were positive (26.7%) and treated. There was 2 PJI due S.aureus compared with 9 in the control group (0.5% vs 2.3%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4 to 2.3, P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the detection of colonization and eradication of S.aureus carriers achieved a significant decrease in PJI due to S.aureus compared to a historical group.

Factores de riesgo e infección del sitio quirúrgico en procedimientos de cirugía ortopédica con prótesis / Risk factors related to surgical site infection in orthopedic prosthesis surgery

Objective: to identify the risk factors for surgical site infections (SSI) in patients with surgical management fractures with internal fixation or prosthetic material. Materials and Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary institution in Armenia-Colombia in 2008 and 2009 in 223 patients. Results: The superficial incisional infection frequency was 9,4% (n: 21), and deep incisional infection was 7,6% (n: 17); there were no organ/space SSI.; the highest rates of infection were observed in patella fractures (50%), acromio-clavicular joint (25%), and femur (23,7%). The infections were caused by: S. aureus, Enterobactergergoviae y Enterobacteraerogenes. There was an association with clean-contaminated wounds compared to clean wounds (OR 2,2), comminuted fractures (OR 2,1) multiple fractures (OR 2,9) and patella surgery (OR 3,1). Conclusions: the severity of the fracture and the degree of contamination were predisposing factors to infection.

Objetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo para infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes con fracturas quirúrgicas de manejo con material de osteosíntesis o prótesis. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en una institución de tercer nivel de Armenia- Colombia en 2008 y 2009 en 223 pacientes. Resultados: La frecuencia de infección incisional superficial fue de 9,4% (n: 21), y de incisional profunda 7,6% (n: 17); no hubo infecciones de órgano/espacio; las mayores frecuencias de infección se observaron en fracturas de rótula (50%), articulación acromio- clavicular (25%) y fémur (23,7%). La etiología infecciosa fue por: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter gergoviae y Enterobacter aerogenes. Se encontró asociación con heridas limpia-contaminadas comparadas con heridas limpias (OR 2,2), fracturas conminutas (OR 2,1), fracturas múltiples (OR 2,9), y cirugía de rótula (OR 3,1). Conclusiones: La gravedad de la fractura y el grado de contaminación se evidenciaron como predisponentes para infección.