Sobre a Soberania Sanitária no Complexo Industrial da Saúde / On Sanitary Sovereignty in the Health Industrial Complex

Resumo O artigo discute o lugar do Complexo Industrial da Saúde na iniciativa governamental de uma nova industrialização no Brasil. Para isso, aborda eventuais caminhos que a iniciativa reserva para os seus diversos componentes. Começa discutindo a propriedade desse processo mirar uma "soberania sanitária" como objetivo. Em seguida, aponta a necessária articulação da indústria na saúde com a política geral de industrialização. Ressalta o papel do Estado e do setor privado nesse processo e ressalta a presença do SUS e do Ministério da Saúde. Finalmente, aponta as condições de competição entre o Complexo Industrial da Saúde e o oligopólio industrial global.

Abstract The article discusses the place of the Health Industrial Complex in the government initiative for a new industrialization in Brazil. To this end, it discusses possible paths that the initiative reserves for its various components. It begins by discussing the appropriateness of this process to target "sanitary sovereignty" as an objective. Then, it points out the necessary articulation of the health industry with the general industrialization policy. It emphasizes the role of the State and the private sector in this process and emphasizes the presence of the SUS and the Ministry of Health. Finally, it points out the conditions of competition between the Health Industrial Complex and the global industrial oligopoly.

A formulação de uma plataforma eletrônica para a saúde: inovação a partir de uma encomenda tecnológica / The formulation of a healthcare electronic platform: innovation based on a technological order / La formulación de una plataforma electrónica para la salud: innovación basada en una encomienda tecnológica

Este artigo analisa o processo de formulação de uma plataforma eletrônica para a saúde, derivada de uma encomenda tecnológica, considerando os fatores que influenciaram a trajetória dessa formulação e o formato com o qual ela foi implementada. A análise documental, bibliográfica e a realização das entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes-chave foram trabalhadas na perspectiva metodológica de um estudo de caso com uso do process tracing e de recursos da teoria da mudança institucional gradual. Destacam-se como resultados a identificação dos principais fatores relacionados à atuação da Fundação Estatal Saúde da Família na área de ciência, tecnologia e inovação e à realização da encomenda tecnológica. Bem como os fatores relacionados à formulação de cada uma das três inovações que caracterizam a experiência em análise: o Registro Eletrônico de Saúde, a plataforma que serviu de base para o ecossistema de inovação e o modelo jurídico-administrativo da organização criada para implementar e desenvolver as soluções necessárias

This article analyzes the formulation process of an electronic platform for health, derived from a technological order, considering the factors that influenced the trajectory of this formulation and the format in which it was implemented. A documentary and bibliographic analysis and semi-structured interviews with key informants were carried out from the methodological perspective of a case study using process tracing and resources from theories of gradual institutional change. The identification of the main factors related to the integration of the Fundação Estatal Saúde da Família (State Family Health Foundation) into the science, technology and innovation area and the achievement of the technological order stand out from other results. As well as the factors related to the formulation of each of the three innovations that characterize the experience under analysis: the Electronic Health Record, the basic platform of the innovation ecosystem and the legal-administrative model of the organization created to implement and develop the necessary solutions

Este artículo analiza el proceso de formulación de una plataforma electrónica para la salud, derivada de una encomienda tecnológica, considerando los factores que influyeron en la trayectoria de esa formulación y el formato en que fue implementada. Se realizó análisis documental, bibliográfico y entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes-clave desde la perspectiva metodológica de un estudio de caso utilizando process tracing y recursos de las teorías del cambio institucional gradual. Se destacan como resultados la identificación de los principales factores relacionados con la integración de la Fundação Estatal Saúde da Família (Fundación Estatal Salud de la Familia) en el área de ciencia, tecnología y innovación y la realización de la encomienda tecnológica. Así como los factores relacionados con la formulación de cada una de las tres innovaciones que caracterizan la experiencia en análisis: el registro electrónico de salud; la plataforma base del ecosistema de innovación y el modelo jurídico-administrativo de la organización creada para implementar y desarrollar las soluciones necesarias.

A Comprehensive, Valid, and Reliable Tool to Assess the Degree of Responsibility of Digital Health Solutions That Operate With or Without Artificial Intelligence: 3-Phase Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: Clinicians' scope of responsibilities is being steadily transformed by digital health solutions that operate with or without artificial intelligence (DAI solutions). Most tools developed to foster ethical practices lack rigor and do not concurrently capture the health, social, economic, and environmental issues that such solutions raise. OBJECTIVE: To support clinical leadership in this field, we aimed to develop a comprehensive, valid, and reliable tool that measures the responsibility of DAI solutions by adapting the multidimensional and already validated Responsible Innovation in Health Tool. METHODS: We conducted a 3-phase mixed methods study. Relying on a scoping review of available tools, phase 1 (concept mapping) led to a preliminary version of the Responsible DAI solutions Assessment Tool. In phase 2, an international 2-round e-Delphi expert panel rated on a 5-level scale the importance, clarity, and appropriateness of the tool's components. In phase 3, a total of 2 raters independently applied the revised tool to a sample of DAI solutions (n=25), interrater reliability was measured, and final minor changes were made to the tool. RESULTS: The mapping process identified a comprehensive set of responsibility premises, screening criteria, and assessment attributes specific to DAI solutions. e-Delphi experts critically assessed these new components and provided comments to increase content validity (n=293), and after round 2, consensus was reached on 85% (22/26) of the items surveyed. Interrater agreement was substantial for a subcriterion and almost perfect for all other criteria and assessment attributes. CONCLUSIONS: The Responsible DAI solutions Assessment Tool offers a comprehensive, valid, and reliable means of assessing the degree of responsibility of DAI solutions in health. As regulation remains limited, this forward-looking tool has the potential to change practice toward more equitable as well as economically and environmentally sustainable digital health care.

Social innovation in health: strengthening Community Systems for Universal Health Coverage in rural areas.

BACKGROUND: In seeking the attainment of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), there has been a renewed emphasis on the role of communities. This article focuses on social innovation and whether this concept holds promise to enhance equity in health services to achieve UHC and serve as a process to enhance community engagement, participation, and agency. METHODS: A cross-country case study methodology was adopted to analyze three social innovations in health in three low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): Philippines, Malawi, and Colombia. Qualitative methods were used in data collection, and a cross-case analysis was conducted with the aid of a simplified version of the conceptual framework on social innovation as proposed by Cajaiba-Santana. This framework proposes four dimensions of social innovation as a process at different levels of action: the actors responsible for the idea, the new idea, the role of the institutional environment, and the resultant changes in the health and social system. RESULTS: The study found that each of the three social innovation case studies was based on developing community capacities to achieve health through community co-learning, leadership, and accountability. The process was dependent on catalytic agents, creating a space for innovation within the institutional context. In so doing, these agents challenged the prevailing power dynamics by providing the communities with respect and the opportunity to participate equally in creating and implementing programs. In this way, communities were empowered; they were not simply participants but became active agents in conceptualizing, implementing, monitoring, and sustaining the social innovation initiatives. CONCLUSION: The study has illustrated how three creative social innovation approaches improved access and quality of health services for vulnerable rural populations and increased agency among the intervention communities. The processes facilitated empowerment, which in turn supported the sustained strengthening of the community system and the achievement of community goals in the domain of health and beyond.

Tools to foster responsibility in digital solutions that operate with or without artificial intelligence: A scoping review for health and innovation policymakers.

BACKGROUND: Digital health solutions that operate with or without artificial intelligence (D/AI) raise several responsibility challenges. Though many frameworks and tools have been developed, determining what principles should be translated into practice remains under debate. This scoping review aims to provide policymakers with a rigorous body of knowledge by asking: 1) what kinds of practice-oriented tools are available?; 2) on what principles do they predominantly rely?; and 3) what are their limitations? METHODS: We searched six academic and three grey literature databases for practice-oriented tools, defined as frameworks and/or sets of principles with clear operational explanations, published in English or French from 2015 to 2021. Characteristics of the tools were qualitatively coded and variations across the dataset identified through descriptive statistics and a network analysis. FINDINGS: A total of 56 tools met our inclusion criteria: 19 health-specific tools (33.9%) and 37 generic tools (66.1%). They adopt a normative (57.1%), reflective (35.7%), operational (3.6%), or mixed approach (3.6%) to guide developers (14.3%), managers (16.1%), end users (10.7%), policymakers (5.4%) or multiple groups (53.6%). The frequency of 40 principles varies greatly across tools (from 0% for 'environmental sustainability' to 83.8% for 'transparency'). While 50% or more of the generic tools promote up to 19 principles, 50% or more of the health-specific tools promote 10 principles, and 50% or more of all tools disregard 21 principles. In contrast to the scattered network of principles proposed by academia, the business sector emphasizes closely connected principles. Few tools rely on a formal methodology (17.9%). CONCLUSION: Despite a lack of consensus, there is a solid knowledge-basis for policymakers to anchor their role in such a dynamic field. Because several tools lack rigour and ignore key social, economic, and environmental issues, an integrated and methodologically sound approach to responsibility in D/AI solutions is warranted.

Organizational e-Health Readiness: How to Prepare the Primary Healthcare Providers' Services for Digital Transformation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had two main consequences for the organization of treatment in primary healthcare: restricted patients' access to medical facilities and limited social mobility. In turn, these consequences pose a great challenge for patients and healthcare providers, i.e., the limited personal contact with medical professionals. This can be eased by new digital technology. While providing solutions to many problems, this technology poses several organizational challenges for healthcare system participants. As the current global situation and the outbreak of the humanitarian crisis in Europe show, these and other likely emergencies amplify the need to learn the lessons and prepare organizations for exceptional rapid changes. Therefore, a question arises of whether organizations are ready to use modern e-health solutions in the context of a rapidly and radically changing situation, and how this readiness can be verified. The aim of this article is to clarify the organizational e-heath readiness concept of Polish primary healthcare units. This study employs the triangulation of analytical methods, as it uses: (i) a literature review of e-health readiness assessment, (ii) primary data obtained with a survey (random sampling of 371 managers of PHC facilities across Poland) and (iii) the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method, employed to estimate the structural model. The evaluation of the model revealed that its concept was adequate for more mature entities that focus on the patient- and employee-oriented purpose of digitization, and on assuring excellent experience derived from a consistent care process. In the context of patients' restricted access to medical facilities and limited social mobility, a simpler version of the research model assesses the readiness more adequately. Finally, the study increases the knowledge base of assets (resources and capabilities), which will help healthcare systems better understand the challenges surrounding the adoption and scaling of e-health technologies.

Política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde (CT& I/S): uma atualização para debate / Health Science, Technology and Innovation Policy (ST& I/H): an update for debate

Resumo O texto contém uma proposta atualizada de política de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde no Brasil e a pertinência da atualização decorre do desastre nas atividades nesse terreno verificadas no país desde o início do atual governo federal em 2019, bem como dos desafios colocados pela emergência da pandemia COVID-19 desde 2020. Ele está organizado em cinco seções, a saber: Pesquisa em Saúde; Inovação Produtiva; Avaliação e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde; Propriedade Intelectual em Saúde; Novos desafios colocados pela Pandemia. Os autores fazem parte do Comitê de Assessoramento em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação da Abrasco.

Abstract The text presents an updated proposal for a Health Science, Technology and Innovation Policy in Brazil, following the huge political turmoil in the country since 2019 and the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020. The proposal is presented in five sections: Scientific Research; Productive Innovation; Health Technology Assessment and Incorporation; Intellectual Property in Health; New challenges posed by the Pandemic. The authors take part in the Advisory Committee in Science, Technology and Innovation of the Brazilian Association of Collective Health.

Guiding Pay-As-You-Live Health Insurance Models Toward Responsible Innovation in Health.

While the transition toward digitalized health care and service delivery challenges many publicly and privately funded health systems, patients are already producing a phenomenal amount of data on their health and lifestyle through their personal use of mobile technologies. To extract value from such user-generated data, a new insurance model is emerging called Pay-As-You-Live (PAYL). This model differs from other insurance models by offering to support clients in the management of their health in a more interactive yet directive manner. Despite significant promises for clients, there are critical issues that remain unaddressed, especially as PAYL models can significantly disrupt current collective insurance models and question the social contract in so-called universal and public health systems. In this paper, we discuss the following issues of concern: the quantification of health-related behavior, the burden of proof of compliance, client data privacy, and the potential threat to health insurance models based on risk mutualization. We explore how more responsible health insurance models in the digital health era could be developed, particularly by drawing from the Responsible Innovation in Health framework.

Fostering social innovation and building adaptive capacity for dengue control in Cambodia: a case study.

BACKGROUND: The social-ecological systems theory, with its unique conception of resilience (social-ecological systems & resilience, SESR), provides an operational framework that currently best meets the need for integration and adaptive governance as encouraged by the Sustainable Development Goals. SESR accounts for the complex dynamics of social-ecological systems and operationalizes transdisciplinarity by focusing on community engagement, value co-creation, decentralized leadership and social innovation. Targeting Social Innovation (SI) in the context of implementation research for vector-borne diseases (VBD) control offers a low-cost strategy to contribute to lasting and contextualized community engagement in disease control and health development in low and middle income countries of the global south. In this article we describe the processes of community engagement and transdisciplinary collaboration underpinning community-based dengue management in rural primary schools and households in two districts in Cambodia. METHODS: Multiple student-led and community-based interventions have been implemented focusing on empowering education, communication for behavioral change and participatory epidemiology mapping in order to engage Cambodian communities in dengue control. We describe in particular the significance of the participatory processes that have contributed to the design of SI products that emerged following iterative consultations with community stakeholders to address the dengue problem. RESULTS: The SI products that emerged following our interaction with community members are 1) adult mosquito traps made locally from solid waste collections, 2) revised dengue curriculum with hands-on activities for transformative learning, 3) guppy distribution systems led by community members, 4) co-design of dengue prevention communication material by students and community members, 5) community mapping. CONCLUSIONS: The initiative described in this article put in motion processes of community engagement towards creating ownership of dengue control interventions tools by community stakeholders, including school children. While the project is ongoing, the project's interventions so far implemented have contributed to the emergence of culturally relevant SI products and provided initial clues regarding 1) the conditions allowing SI to emerge, 2) specific mechanisms by which it happens and 3) how external parties can facilitate SI emergence. Overall there seems to be a strong argument to be made in supporting SI as a desirable outcome of project implementation towards building adaptive capacity and resilience and to use the protocol supporting this project implementation as an operational guiding document for other VBD adaptive management in the region.

O uso da inteligência artificial na saúde pela Administração Pública brasileira / The use of artificial intelligence in healthcareby the Brazilian Public Administration / El uso de la inteligencia artificial en salud por parte de la Administración Pública brasileña

Objetivo: mapear as iniciativas com uso da inteligência artificial (IA) na saúde pela Administração Pública brasileira. Metodologia:tratou-se de análise qualitativa das políticas de públicas de saúde no Brasil que utilizam IA, a partir de revisão bibliográfica e mapeamento do campo. Resultados:o Brasil se insere em um contexto mundial de avanço das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) na saúde e o uso de IA já é uma realidade na saúde pública como mecanismo de melhoria de gestão. Conclusão:os avanços recentes precisam estar acompanhados pela preocupação com o tratamento dos dados gerados por essas tecnologias, bem como pela garantia de uma saúde pública universal.

Objective: to map initiatives using artificial intelligence (AI) in health by the Brazilian Public Administration. Methods:qualitative analysis of Brazilian public healthcare policies that use AI, based on bibliographic review and field mapping.Results:Brazil is inserted in a world context of information and communication technologies (ICTs) development in healthcare and the use of AI is already a reality in public health as a management improvement mechanism. Conclusion:recent advances need to be accompanied by the concern with the treatment of data generated by these technologies, as well as for ensuring universal public health.

Objetivo: mapear las iniciativas con el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la salud por la Administración Pública Brasileña. Metodología: este fue un análisis cualitativo de las políticas de salud pública en Brasil que utilizan la IA, basado en una revisión bibliográfica y mapeo del campo. Resultados: Brasil se inserta en un contexto mundial de avances de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) en la salud y el uso de IA ya es una realidad en la salud pública como mecanismo de mejora de gestión. Conclusión: recientes avances deben ir acompañadas de la preocupación por el tratamiento de los datos generados por estas tecnologías, así comopara asegurar la salud pública universal.

Documentary research on social innovation in health in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Identifying social innovation in health initiatives, promoting quality of life through them, and transforming current health conditions demand the knowledge, comprehension and appropriation of the theoretical and methodological developments of this concept. Academic developments in social innovation have mainly occurred in and been documented for English-speaking countries, although relevant experiences have been implemented in Latin America. In this article, we describe and analyze how social innovation in health is being approached and understood in this region. MAIN TEXT: To identify the theoretical and methodological developments of social innovation in health between 2013 and 2018, a scoping review with a mixed approach was carried out. Eighty texts in English, Spanish and Portuguese were selected for a process of reflexive analysis of intra and intertextual reading. The approaches identified in the studied initiatives were complementary. The most applied approaches were innovation in health, technological innovation in health and social innovation, each with twelve publications, and social innovation in health and ecohealth with ten and seven publications respectively. The approaches showed a general interest in reaching the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Alma Ata Declaration and the Ottawa Letter. CONCLUSIONS: The social innovation in health approach in Latin America adopts educational strategies, identifies risk factors, optimizes resources, promotes interculturality, participation, community empowerment, and enhances intersectorality and interdisciplinarity. As an approach, process, program or solution, social innovation in health is a conceptual category under construction. This research provides a baseline for other systematic reviews on the subject.

Integrated vector control of Chagas disease in Guatemala: a case of social innovation in health.

BACKGROUND: Improved access to health care and quality of services require integrated efforts and innovations, including community empowerment and participation in transformation processes. Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease that is generally controlled by insecticide spraying. To achieve community empowerment in a health program, actions for social innovations may include: community-based research, interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation, community perception of direct benefits and participation in health or environmental improvements. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the processes by which an interdisciplinary team, in collaboration with communities of Comapa, Guatemala, developed an effective solution to address the risk for Chagas disease. METHODS: A qualitative study involving interviews semi-structured and direct observation was conducted using a case study approach to describe and understand the community-based research and intervention process developed by researchers from the Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Parasitology of the Universidad de San Carlos of Guatemala (Laboratorio de Entomologia y Parasitologia Aplicada). Nine interviews were conducted with the investigators, innovators, members of the community in which the intervention had been implemented. NVivo software (version 12) was used for the emergent coding and analysis of the interviews. RESULTS: Processes of social transformation were evident within households, and the communities that transcended the mere improvement of walls and floors. New social dynamics that favored the household economy and conditions of hygiene and home care that positively impacted the health of the community. We describe how the integration of criteria of social innovation into a home improvement strategy for Chagas disease control, can generate processes of transformation in health by considering sociocultural conditions, encouraging dialogue between public health approaches and traditional practices. We identify and discuss processes for Social Innovations in Health and identify their potential in improving community health in Latin America. CONCLUSIONS: When social innovation criteria are included in a health control initiative, the community-based research and the interdisciplinary and intersectoral participation facilitate the implementation of the control strategy, the perceived benefits by the community and its empowerment to sustain and share the strategy. The case study provided understanding of the intersectoral and interdisciplinary dynamics in particular contexts, and documented the relevance of innovation criteria in health processes.

Who is Responsible for Responsible Innovation? Lessons From an Investigation into Responsible Innovation in Health Comment on "What Health System Challenges Should Responsible Innovation in Health Address? Insights From an International Scoping Review".

Responsible innovation in health (RIH) takes the ideas of responsible research and innovation (RRI) and applies them to the health sector. This comment takes its point of departure from Lehoux et al which describes a structured literature review to determine the system-level challenges that health systems in countries at different levels of human development face. This approach offers interesting insights from the perspective of RRI, but it also raises the question whether and how RRI can be steered and achieved across healthcare systems. This includes the question who, if anybody, is responsible for responsible innovation and which insights can be drawn from the systemic nature RIH.

La formación de posgrado para la gestión del proceso de evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias desde una perspectiva teórica / Postgraduate training for the management of the health technologies evaluation from a theoretical perspective

Los profesionales de la salud desempeñan un papel clave en la utilización racional y la regulación de los recursos sanitarios disponibles. En este artículo se presentan los fundamentos teóricos y las tendencias históricas que caracterizan la formación de posgrado de los gestores de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en salud para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias. Asimismo, se define el concepto de formación de posgrado para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias y se determinan las tres etapas que han caracterizado la evolución de este proceso, asociadas con las demandas que provienen del contexto histórico del desarrollo de esta actividad en las instituciones de salud. Se constató que no existe una propuesta teórico-metodológica que permita la apropiación, actualización y profundización en los conocimientos y las habilidades para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias.

Health professionals play a key role in the rational use and regulation of the available health resources. The theoretical bases and the historical tendencies that characterize the postgraduate training of the science, technology and innovation in health agents for the management of the health technologies evaluation are presented in this work. The training postgraduate concept for the management of the health technologies evaluation is defined. The three stages which have characterized the course of this process, associated with the demands coming from the historical context of the development of this activity in the health institutions are determined. It was verified that a methodological theoretical proposal that allows the appropriation, updating and deepening in the knowledge and skills for the management of the health technologies evaluation doesn't exist.

Gendered Innovation in Health and Medicine.

Excellence in research requires careful attention to sex and gender analysis. The Gendered Innovations project, initiated in 2009, develops state-of-the-art methods of sex and gender analysis for basic and applied research. This chapter reviews recent developments in cardiovascular disease for (1) analyzing sex, (2) analyzing gender, and (3) policy initiatives.

Maratonas hackers no Brasil com desafios no campo da Saúde / Hackathons in Brazil and the challenges they pose to the field of health / Maratones hackers en Brasil con desafíos en el campo de la Salud

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear a realização de maratonas hackers no Brasil, com desafios voltados para o campo da Saúde. Espera-se que a descrição e sistematização dos aspectos metodológicos dos eventos identificados, cotejados com informações advindas de levantamento bibliográfico, auxiliem na divulgação e aplicação da metodologia na saúde. De caráter exploratório e descritivo, o mapeamento foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa web, com o buscador Google, e na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), abrangendo o período entre 2000 e 2016. Identificou-se a realização de 16 hackathons que abordaram desafios ou soluções na Saúde, sendo todos realizados a partir de 2012. Os resultados encontrados ressaltam o potencial da metodologia como fomento à criatividade e à inovação, a partir do trabalho colaborativo em equipe multiprofissional para soluções oportunas no campo da Saúde.(AU)

The objective of this study was to map the carrying out of hacking marathons in Brazil, and the challenges they pose to the field of health. The expectation is that the description and presentation of the methodological aspects of the mapped events, along with information drawn from the literature, may help in the dissemination of the methodology and its application to the health sector. The mapping was exploratory and descriptive and was carried out through an internet search, using Google and the Virtual Health Library (BVS) database, covering the period between 2000 and 2016. The researchers identified 16 hackathons, all of which occurred after 2012, and which presented challenges and solutions to health. The results point to the potential of this methodology as a means of promoting creativity and innovation, based on collaborative work by teams of professionals from different areas for identifying timely solutions to the health field.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue mapear la realización de maratones hackers en Brasil, con desafíos enfocados en el campo de la Salud. Se espera que la descripción y sistematización de los aspecto metodológicos de los eventos identificados, comparados con informaciones provenientes de investigación bibliográfica, auxilien en la divulgación y aplicación de la metodología en la Salud. De carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, el mapeo se realizó por medio de una investigación web, con el buscador Google, y en la base de datos Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud (BVS), incluyendo el período entre 2000 y 2016. Se identificó la realización de 16 hackathons que abordaron desafíos o soluciones en la Salud, todos ellos realizados a partir de 2012. Los resultados encontrados subrayan el potencial de la metodología como fomento a la creatividad y a la innovación a partir del trabajo colaborativo en equipo multi-profesional para soluciones oportunas en el campo de la Salud.(AU)

Fundamentos de la evaluación de la gestión de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en las facultades de Tecnología de la Salud / Basics of the science management and technological innovation evaluation in Health Technology Faculties

La evaluación de la gestión de ciencia e innovación tecnológica en las facultades de Tecnología de la Salud debe ser continua, organizada, y debe incluir a todos los profesores y directivos de la institución en su etapa inicial, y más adelante a los estudiantes. Este proceso debe comprender la realización de más ciencia en la comunidad y desde la comunidad, la identificación de los problemas de salud de la localidad donde está ubicada la institución y la dirección de los proyectos de investigación hacia su solución mediante resultados concretos. En este trabajo se presentan los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan dicha evaluación, a través del método histórico lógico y de la sistematización realizada

The evaluation of science management and technological innovation in Health Technology Faculties should be continuous, organized, and include all the professors and executive of the institution in its initial stage, and later on, it should include the students. This process should comprise the realization of more science in the community and from the community, the identification of health problems of the locality where the institution is situated and the direction of investigation projects toward its solution by means of concrete results. In this work, the theoretical basics that sustain this evaluation are presented, through the logical historical method and the systematization that was carried out

Políticas de fomento à ciência, tecnologia e inovação em saúde no Brasil e o lugar da pesquisa clínica / Policies for fostering health science, technology and innovation in Brazil and the role of clinical research

Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de agregar relevo a algumas questões de base que podem ser úteis em um amplo processo de revisão do tema para a gestão das políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde (CT&I/S), bem como suas estratégias e prioridades. Trata-se de um ensaio analítico amparado por extensa revisão narrativa de literatura técnica, jornalística, legislação e portarias do governo federal. Como resultados conclui-se que o Complexo Produtivo da Saúde necessita, de modo indeclinável e crescente, da ciência para a sua manutenção. É possível inferir que vem sendo construído, no Brasil, um arcabouço de marcos institucionais que fortalece, orienta e incentiva as atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) no país e que a investigação clínica gera conhecimento científico para a resolução dos agravos da saúde pública, a partir da geração de novos insumos ou incremento de técnicas, processos e tecnologias já existentes, que, por sua vez, serão produzidos, comercializados e empregados nos seus diferentes segmentos, alimentando, assim, todo o processo do Complexo Produtivo da Saúde.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to highlight a number of underlying issues that may be useful for a comprehensive review of the management of Health-Related Science, Technology and Innovation policies (ST&I/H), and its strategies and priorities. It is an analytical study supported by an extensive review of the technical and journalistic literature, clippings, legislation and federal government directives. The results show that the Healthcare Production Complex undeniably and increasingly needs science to maintain itself. One may infer that a framework of institutional milestones is being built in Brazil, to strengthen, guide and encourage Research and Development, and that clinical research creates scientific knowledge to address public healthcare issues by generating new inputs or enhancing existing techniques, processes and technologies that will be produced, marketed and used in the different segments, thus feeding the Healthcare Productive Complex.

Processo de concepção de uma tecnologia para o cuidado em enfermagem e saúde / Proceso de concepción de una tecnología para el cuidado en enfermería y salud / Design process of a technology for the care in nursing and health

RESUMO Trata-se de um relato de experiência que aborda a vivência de alunas do curso de pós-graduação Mestrado em Enfermagem na disciplina Tecnologia em Saúde e em Enfermagem. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever o processo de concepção de uma tecnologia para o cuidado em enfermagem e saúde. As alunas, estimuladas a associar o uso da tecnologia para solucionar um problema de enfermagem, apresentaram a ideia de aprimorar o modelo de carromaca existente no mercado, uma vez que o produto atual apresenta vários riscos para os profissionais que o manuseiam, como também para os pacientes transportados. A proposta possibilita reduzir o absenteísmo laboral por motivo de lesões ergonômicas e proporcionar conforto e segurança ao usuário. A abordagem do empreendedorismo como disciplina dentro da academia proporcionou ampliar horizontes durante a formação no mestrado das alunas que, enquanto futuras docentes, estão conscientes da capacidade do empreendedorismo e do uso da tecnologia para propiciar mudanças no cenário na enfermagem.

RESUMEN Se trata de un relato de experiencia respecto a la vivencia de alumnas del curso de postgrado Máster en Enfermería en la asignatura de Tecnología en Salud y Enfermería. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el proceso de concepción de una tecnología para el cuidado en enfermería y salud. Las alumnas, estimuladas a asociar el uso de la tecnología para solucionar un problema de enfermería, presentaron la idea de perfeccionar el modelo de carro-camilla existente en el mercado, una vez que el producto actual presenta varios riesgos para los profesionales que lo manejan, así como para los pacientes transportados. La propuesta posibilita reducir el absentismo laboral por motivo de lesiones ergonómicas y proporcionar comodidad y seguridad al usuario. El abordaje del emprendimiento como asignatura dentro de la academia proporcionó ampliar horizontes durante la formación en el máster de las alumnas que, como futuras docentes, están conscientes de la capacidad del emprendimiento y del uso de la tecnología para propiciar cambios en el escenario en la enfermería.

ABSTRACT This is an account of experience that addresses the experience of students of the postgraduate course master of science in nursing in health and Technology discipline in nursing. This study aimed to describe the process of designing a technology for the care in nursing and health. The students, encouraged to associate the use of technology to solve a problem of nursing, presented the idea to improve the model of car-litter on the market, since the current product presents several risks to the professionals that the handling, as well as for patients transported. The proposal makes it possible to reduce the labor absenteeism due to ergonomic injuries and provide comfort and safety to the user. The approach of entrepreneurship as a discipline within the Academy provided expand horizons during training in the masters of students who, while future teachers, are aware of the ability of entrepreneurship and the use of technology to provide changes in the scenario on nursing.