Problematic use of the internet as a predictor of oral health-related quality of life: the mediating role of lifestyles in Peruvian schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: The pervasiveness of the Internet in everyday life, especially among young people, has raised concerns about its effects on mental health, education, and, recently, oral health. Previous research has suggested a complex relationship between Problematic Internet Use (PIU), lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life, highlighting the need to examine these interactions further. This study seeks to explore the PIU as a predictor of oral health-related quality of life and examine the mediating role of lifestyles between both in a sample of Peruvian schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 293 Peruvian students aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.42, SD = 1.5), using structural equations to analyze the relationship between PIU, lifestyles, and quality of life related to oral health. The data collection procedure was through a face-to-face survey. Validated instruments measured PIU, lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life. The study's theoretical model was analyzed through structural equation modeling with the MLR estimator. The fit assessment was performed using the comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). RESULTS: They indicated significant correlations between PIU, lifestyles, and oral health-related quality of life. A negative influence of PIU on lifestyles (ß = -0.30, p < .001) and on oral health-related quality of life (ß = -0.35, p < .001) was observed, as well as a positive relationship between PIU and oral health-related quality of life (ß = 0.29, p < .001). The mediation of lifestyles was statistically significant, suggesting that they mediate the relationship between PIU and oral health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that PIU can negatively affect adolescents' oral health-related quality of life, mediated by unhealthy lifestyles. It underlines the importance of promoting balanced Internet use and healthy lifestyles among young people to improve their oral well-being.

Cross-Cultural Examination of Problematic Internet Use and Associated Psychological Variables: A Comparative Study in Italy, Spain, Ecuador, and Peru.

Background: Several studies focused on the escalating prevalence of Problematic Use of Internet (PUI) and its consequential impact on mental health globally. This study investigates the relationship between PUI and associated psychological variables across different cultural contexts in Italy, Spain, Ecuador, and Peru. Method: A total of 675 participants, aged 18 to 54 (M = 22.73; SD = 4.05), completed measures assessing Internet addiction, social media addiction, Fear of Missing Out, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Phubbing. Results: Significant cultural variations were found, with Italian participants showing higher levels of Internet addiction but lower levels of social media addiction compared to other countries. Fear of Missing Out was higher in Italy, while the Italian sample exhibited lower Internet Gaming Disorder levels compared to Peru. As regards the communication disturbance caused by Phubbing, the Italian sample demonstrated significantly higher scores than the Peruvian sample. Linear regression analyses revealed distinct predictors for problematic Internet use in each country, emphasizing the importance of considering the cultural context in understanding this phenomenon. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the interplay of cultural factors, psychological variables, and problematic Internet use, guiding future research and interventions.

Comparison of opioid use disorder patients with and without problematic internet use in terms of impulsivity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and impulsivity among individuals diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) who also exhibit symptoms of problematic internet use (PIU). METHODS: The study involved the participation of 360 patients with OUD enrolled at an alcohol and drug addiction treatment center (ADATC) from October to December 2022. Various assessment tools were administered, including Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). PIU was identified by YIAS scores equal to or exceeding 50. RESULTS: Most participants diagnosed with OUD had comorbid PIU, with high levels of depression, anxiety, and ADHD symptoms. Both BDI and BAI scores were significantly increased in the PIU group compared to the non-PIU group (p < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in BIS Motor Impulsivity, Attentional Impulsivity, and total scores, indicating higher impulsivity in the PIU group (all p < 0.001). Additionally, higher ASRS scores were found in the PIU group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of addressing PIU and comorbidities in OUD treatment. Interventions targeting ADHD symptoms and emotional well-being may benefit PIU management.

Evaluation of the impact of orthodontists' smile with malocclusions on social media and professional credibility.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed laypeople's perceptions of orthodontist credibility based on malocclusions and whether these views affect their choice to seek treatment. Eye-tracking technology and questionnaires were utilized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five lay raters, through eye tracking and a questionnaire, assessed 12 images of orthodontists with malocclusions. Malocclusions were categorized by the Index Of Treatment Need (IOTN) as grade 1 (near ideal), 3 (anterior crowding), and 5 (with diastemas). Fixation points were recorded, and credibility was gauged via questionnaires. A Mentimeter word cloud was generated. RESULTS: IOTN 1 orthodontists were viewed as more credible than IOTN 3 (p < 0.001) and 5 (p < 0.001). Raters were more willing to receive treatment from IOTN 1 orthodontists. The focus for IOTN 1 was between eyes and mouth, while IOTN 3 and 5 were on the mouth. "Crooked teeth" and "spacing" were predominant in word clouds for IOTN 3 and 5. CONCLUSION: Orthodontists with an IOTN grade 1 rating were perceived as more competent, reliable, and professional, thus making it more likely for laypeople to choose them as their preferred providers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The smiles of professionals play a significant role in laypeople's decision to choose them as their orthodontist, and strategic utilization of social media can effectively deliver health information to a larger audience in a faster and more direct manner.

Adolescent Screen Use: Problematic Internet Use and the Impact of Gender.

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between screen use and problematic internet use (PIU; i.e., internet addiction) amongst adolescents has not been sufficiently explored. Further, there is even less research on how gender is associated with this relationship. The goal of the study was to examine adolescent screen use, PIU, and its impact on day-to-day routines of adolescents. METHODS: Participants were recruited from an outpatient pediatric clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 180 adolescents completed questionnaires related to their screen use, extracurricular activities, and symptoms of PIU. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to determine correlates and predictors of PIU, and to explore gender differences. RESULTS: A total of 26.1% of adolescents met the criteria for PIU. There were no significant differences between boys and girls in PIU severity. However, there were significant gender differences in preferred use of the Internet, with boys being more likely to access the Internet to play video games (odds ratio [OR]=27.1) and girls being more likely to socialize with friends (OR=4.51). PIU severity increased proportionally to the number of hours of use of all screen devices with moderate-to-large effect sizes (η2=0.060-0.157). Using screens during meals and missing extracurricular activities were both associated with PIU. CONCLUSION: Though gender was not associated with PIU, both excessive use of screen devices during meals and neglect of offline extracurriculars activities were identified as risk factors for PIU. Prevention measures should consider the impact of gender and associated patterns of motivation and Internet use.

Digital surveillance: The interest in mouthwash-related information.

BACKGROUND: The comprehension of the interests of Internet users regarding their health-related searches may reveal the community's demands about oral health. The study aimed to characterize the interests of Google users related to mouthwash in Australia, Brazil, Chile, Japan, Mexico, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Saudi Arabia and South Africa applying the Google Trends. METHODS: This longitudinal retrospective study analysed the mouthwash-related interest of Google users from January 2004 to December 2020. The monthly variation of relative search volume (RSV) and the main queries related were determined using Google Trends. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting models were built to establish the predictive RSV values for mouthwash for additional 12 months. Auto-correlation plots and a general additive model (GAM) were used to diagnose trends and seasonality in RSV curves. In addition, the influence of social isolation related to the outbreak of COVID-19 were analysed. RESULTS: The RSVs curves showed a considerable increase in searches related to mouthwash to AUS, BRA, JAP, MEX, GBR and USA (RSV > 25), while the growth was slight to CHI, KSA, RSA and RUS (RSV < 25) over the years, without influence of monthly seasonality. All countries showed a significant increase in mouthwash interest after the outbreak of COVID-19, except for KSA and RUS. The mouthwash-related searches were associated to specific brands or chemical compositions, treatments, whitening agents, homemade mouthwash and indications for the 'best mouthwash'. CONCLUSIONS: In general, there was an increasing interest of Google users in mouthwash-related topics between 2004 and 2020. In addition, in most countries, there was an expansion in searches during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemics.

Eficácia da plataforma PIUSE na gestão de pesquisas e sua relação com o uso intensivo de internet por membros de bancas e orientadores de teses / The effectiveness of the PIUSE platform in research management and its relationship with the intensive use of the internet by thesis committee members and advisors / Eficacia de la plataforma PIUSE en la gestión de investigación y su relación con el uso intensivo de internet en jurados y asesores de tesis

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividade da plataforma PIUSE na gestão dos processos de pesquisa e o uso excessivo da internet por orientadores e membros de bancas de teses no programa de segunda especialização da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Nacional do Altiplano de Puno. Esta pesquisa teve um desenho quase-experimental, realizado com 125 professores que participaram como membros de bancas e/ou orientadores, com idade média de 46,86±7,87 anos. No estudo, foram aplicados três instrumentos: questionário para a revisão de projetos e relatórios de pesquisa (α=0,967); questionário para a aprovação de projetos e relatórios de pesquisa (α=0,894); e o questionário para a defesa de projetos e relatórios de pesquisa (α=0,882). Utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon para comparar duas amostras relacionadas antes e depois da implementação da plataforma PIUSE e o qui-quadrado de Pearson para a associação entre o uso da internet e o nível de participação. As análises foram realizadas com o software IBM SPSS v.25. A plataforma PIUSE, construída com as ferramentas do Google, influenciou significativamente a eficiência na revisão e aprovação de projetos e relatórios de pesquisa (Z=-9,729; p<0,001), na revisão do intercâmbio de informações (Z=-9,702; p<0,001), e na edição e correção durante a revisão de projetos e relatórios de pesquisa (Z=- 9,766; p<0,001). No entanto, 85,4% dos professores que participaram como membros de bancas em um nível elevado fizeram uso da internet por mais de 4 horas/dia (χ2=43,427; P<0,001).

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the PIUSE platform in managing research processes and the excessive use of the internet by advisors and thesis committee members in the second specialization program at the Faculty of Education of the National University of Altiplano in Puno. This research had a quasi-experimental design, conducted with 125 professors who participated as committee members and/or advisors, with an average age of 46.86±7.87 years. Three instruments were used in the study: a questionnaire for the review of research projects and reports (α=0.967); a questionnaire for the approval of research projects and reports (α=0.894); and a questionnaire for the defense of research projects and reports (α=0.882). The Wilcoxon test was used to compare two related samples before and after the implementation of the PIUSE platform, and Pearson's chi-square test was used to examine the association between internet use and the level of participation. Analyses were performed using IBM SPSS v.25. The PIUSE platform, built with Google tools, significantly influenced the efficiency in the review and approval of research projects and reports (Z=-9.729; p<0.001), the review of information exchange (Z=-9.702; p<0.001), and the editing and correction during the review of research projects and reports (Z=-9.766; p<0.001). However, 85.4% of the professors who participated as committee members at a high level used the internet for more than 4 hours/day (α2=43.427; P<0.001).

El estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar la efectividad de la plataforma PIUSE en la gestión de procesos de investigación y el uso excesivo de internet en los asesores y jurados de tesis en el programa de segunda especialidad de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno. Esta investigación tuvo un diseño cuasi experimental, realizado con 125 docentes que participaron como jurados y/o asesores, cuya edad promedio fue de 46.86±7.87 años. En este estudio se aplicaron tres instrumentos: cuestionario para la revisión de proyectos e informes de investigación α=0,967; cuestionario para la aprobación de proyectos e informes de investigación α=0,894 y el cuestionario para la sustentación de proyectos e informes de investigación α=0,882. Se empleó la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, para comparar dos muestras relacionadas, antes y después de la implementación de la plataforma PIUSE y el chi cuadrado de Pearson para la asociación de uso de internet y nivel de participación. Los análisis se realizaron con el software IBM SPSS v.25. La plataforma PIUSE, construida con las herramientas de Google, influyó significativamente en la eficiencia de revisión y aprobación del proyecto e informe de investigación (Z=- 9,729; p<0.001), en la revisión del intercambio de información (Z=- 9,702; p<0,001), y la edición y corrección en la revisión del proyecto e informe de investigación (Z=- 9,766; p<0,001). Sin embargo, 85,4% de los catedráticos que participaron como jurados en un nivel alto hicieron un uso de internet superior a 4 horas/día (X2 =43,427; P<0,001).

Internet use by informal caregivers in Chile: An analysis including age and gender perspectives.

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the relationship between Internet use and informal caregivers' characteristics. METHODS: We used the Chilean Sociodemographic Characterization Survey. A total of 86,172 informal caregivers were identified. We conducted a weighted χ2 to test differences in 10 types of Internet use and weighted logistic regressions with caregivers' characteristics as predictors of Internet use. RESULTS: Younger caregivers engaged in more types of use than the older ones. Education level was positively associated with all types of use, such as searching for information (OR = 3.52, CI 95% [2.34, 5.29]). Age was negatively related to Internet use. Women used the Internet more to communicate via social networks. Being single reduced the likelihood of performing certain types of use, such as information seeking. The number of people living in households has increased entertainment. CONCLUSIONS: Older caregivers with lower education levels are at greater risk of digital exclusion. The same occurred in some types of use with single caregivers, where fewer people lived in the household. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The Internet can be a tool for coping with caregiving tasks and their negative consequences. Interventions should consider these characteristics when promoting online tools and performing online interventions to reach the broadest possible audience.

Minding the gap: The moderating role of education between subjective health and social life perception and Internet use time

Introduction: Internet addiction results in intense and frequent use. There is a gap in the literature in relation to the unawareness of problematic Internet use (PIU) in predicting Internet use time (IUT). Objective: To identify sociodemographic/psychological variables contributing and moderating IUT. Participants: 1,270 participants of the European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instruments: EES variables assessing Internet use (IU), health perception, well-being, social life, and sociodemographic variables, underlying the construct. Results: Age, education, sources of household income, social activities compared to others of the same age and subjective general health explain IU per day; and age, years of education, domicile and socially meeting with other people with whom to discuss intimate matters explain IU per week. Education was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between subjective general health and IU per week; and in the relationship between socially meeting with other people and IU per day. Discussion: Maladaptive IU, when the perception of health is worse, and adaptive IU, when the perception of social life is better, are both suggested, depending on education. Conclusions: These findings point to the need to study IUT involving educational level, keeping in mind that what may be PIU at one educational level may not be the case at another.

Introdução: O vício da Internet traduz-se numa utilização intensa e frequente. Existe uma lacuna na literatura sobre o desconhecimento dos preditores do uso problemático da Internet (PIU) do tempo de utilização da Internet (IUT). Objetivo: Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas/psicológicas que contribuem e moderam o IUT. Participantes: 1270 participantes da European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instrumentos: Variáveis ESS que avaliam a utilização da Internet (IU), perceção de saúde, bem-estar, vida social e variáveis sociodemográficas, sub jacentes ao construto. Resultados: Idade, escolaridade, fontes de renda familiar, atividades sociais em comparação com outras da mesma idade e saúde geral subjetiva explicam IU por dia e idade, anos de escolaridade, domicílio, convívio social com outras pessoas e quem para discutir assuntos íntimos explicam IU por semana. A escolaridade mostrou-se um moderador significativo na relação entre saúde geral subjetiva e IU por semana; e na relação entre encontro social com outras pessoas e IU por dia. Discussão: IU desadaptativa, quando a perceção de saúde é pior, e IU adaptativa, quando a perceção de vida social é melhor, dependem da escolaridade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem o estudo do IUT de acordo com o nível educacional, pois o que pode ser um PIU num nível educacional pode não ser noutro.

Factores tecnológicos-educativos asociados a problemas fisioergonómicos en estudiantes de medicina

Introducción: Existe evidencia sobre el efecto negativo del uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación en estudiantes, sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre problemas fisioergonómicos secundarios a su uso. Objetivo: Identificar los factores tecnológicos-educativos asociados al reporte de 4 problemas fisioergonómicos en estudiantes de medicina. Métodos: Estudio transversal en estudiantes de medicina de 11 países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Se utilizó un cuestionario cuyas variables fueron las características socio-educativas y tecnológicas, así como los problemas fisioergonómicos (dolor de cuello, dolor de espalda, ojo seco/rojo y dolor de cabeza). Resultados: De 11 587 estudiantes, 14,5 % reportó presentar 4 problemas fisioergonómicos. La mayoría reportó dolor de cuello (50 %), dolor de espalda (50,5 %) y dolor de cabeza (53,7 %). Tuvieron mayor frecuencia de presentar estos problemas fisioergonómicos las mujeres (RP= 1,06), quienes estudiaron una carrera previa (RP= 1,19), pertenecer a todos los años de estudios (RP= 1,12-1,20), quienes tenían mayor uso de Internet en horas (RP= 1,01) y aquellos que accedían a Twitter en horas de clases (RP= 1,30). La frecuencia de presentar estos problemas disminuyó en quienes tenían menor edad en años (RP= 0,99), procedían de una universidad privada (RP= 0,81), y quienes pertenecían a cualquier grupo extracurricular (RP= 0,67-0,93). Conclusiones: Los factores tecnológicos-educativos asociados al reporte de 4 problemas fisioergonómicos en estudiantes de medicina son ser mujer, tener carrera previa, pertenecer a todos los años de estudios, horas de uso de internet y el acceso a Twitter durante clases.

Introduction: There is evidence on the negative effect of the use of information and communication technologies on students, however, little is known about physio-ergonomic problems secondary to their use. Objective: To identify the technological-educational factors associated with the report of 4 physio-ergonomic problems in medical students. Methods: Cross-sectional study in medical students from 11 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. A questionnaire was used whose variables were socio-educational and technological characteristics, as well as physio-ergonomic problems (neck pain, back pain, dry/red eye and headache). Results: Of 11 587 students, 14.5% reported presenting 4 physio-ergonomic problems. Most reported neck pain (50%), back pain (50.5%), and headache (53.7%). Women (PR= 1.06), who studied a previous degree (PR= 1.19), who belonged to all years of studies (PR= 1.12-1.20), who had greater use of the Internet, had a higher frequency (in hours) of presenting these physio-ergonomic problems (PR= 1.01) and those who accessed Twitter during school hours (PR= 1.30). They decreased the frequency of presenting these problems, being younger in years (PR= 0.99), coming from a private university (PR= 0.81), and who belonged to any extracurricular group (PR= 0.67-0.93). Conclusions: The technological-educational factors associated with the report of 4 physio-ergonomic problems in medical students were being a woman, having a previous degree, belonging to all the years of study, hours of Internet use and access to Twitter during classes.

Testing the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological internet use among undergraduates in Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) on pathological internet use (PIU). METHOD: The study applied a group randomized controlled trial design to assign participants to intervention and control groups. A total of 40 college students aged 18 to 30 who were pathological internet users (PIUs) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Participants completed a self-report scale entitled the Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUS) at three time points. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. The data collected were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: The results showed that GCBT has significant efficacy, decreasing the symptoms of PIU among the GCBT participants compared to those in the control group and that the improvements were maintained at follow-up. We also found a significant interaction effect by time for PIU. CONCLUSION: From the study findings, we can conclude that GCBT has significant benefit for mitigating the severity of PIU in college students. Therefore, mental health professionals are encouraged to explore the benefits of GCBT in treating symptoms associated with PIU in school settings and beyond.

YouTubeTM as a Tool to Teach Dentists about Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): Analysis of Quality Content

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the quality of information about Molar incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) on YouTubeTM. Material and Methods: Only videos in Portuguese aimed at dentists were included. The selected videos were analyzed by two calibrated evaluators, who extracted the information (classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of MIH) and the quality was evaluated through a 20-point-checklist, according to the International Association of Pediatric Dentistry and European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Descriptive analysis and statistical tests were applied to assess the association (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis) or correlation (Spearman) between the final scores of the videos and their demographics. Results: Nineteen videos with 13.8±4.76 mean points were considered eligible. Most of the videos did not report the possible involvement of other groups of teeth (n=12), presence of atypical restorations (n=8) and hypersensitivity (n=7); and the different treatments for MIH were very variable. Twelve videos discussed differential diagnosis and 78.95% possible etiological factors; however, all of them presented clinical images. Data related to the video source and viewer interaction were not related to its quality (p>0.05). The number of likes (r=0.26), views (r=0.34) and video time (=0.58) show a weak and moderate correlation, respectively, with video score. Conclusion: Videos on YouTubeTM about MIH presented moderate or high quality, with heterogeneous information, and can act as a complementary aid source of information.

Toothpaste-related interests of Google users from different countries

Abstract The Internet is a growing source of knowledge and can provide information about oral health. This ecological study aimed to characterize the interests in toothpaste among Google users from different countries. Our hypothesis was that there would be an increase in Google users' interest in information about toothpaste. This retrospective longitudinal ecological study analyzed the toothpaste-related interest of Google users from 10 countries between January 2004 and December 2020. The monthly variation in relative search volume (RSV) and the main related queries were determined using Google Trends. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting models were built to establish the predictive RSV values for toothpaste for an additional 12 months. Autocorrelation plots and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to diagnose trends and seasonality in RSV curves. Additionally, the influence of social isolation related to the outbreak of COVID-19 was analyzed. Although not detected by autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) analyses, the heuristic analysis showed an increase in the interest in toothpaste-related information in all countries, with a stable trend observed in the 12-month forecasts, except for the increases in the United Kingdom and South Africa. Also, GAM analyses demonstrated a non-significant monthly or quarterly seasonal influence on data. In addition, social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic did not influence the online information-seeking behavior of Google Search users linked to this topic. We confirmed the hypothesis that the interest of Google Search users in information about toothpaste increased in all of the 10 assessed countries.

Administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular: caracterização dos vídeos brasileiros veiculados no YouTube® / Intramuscular drug administration: characterization of Brazilian videos on YouTube®

RESUMO Objetivo caracterizar os vídeos que contém a demonstração do procedimento de administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular em indivíduos adultos. Métodos estudo de corte transversal descritivo, foram selecionados 44 vídeos brasileiros disponíveis no YouTube® que abordavam o procedimento de administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular. Resultados a maioria dos vídeos selecionados é de origem pessoal (86,4%), tem como autor um técnico de Enfermagem (59,1%), adota a região dorsoglútea como local de injeção (54,5%), foi produzido em ambiente de saúde utilizando um paciente para a demonstração do procedimento (52,3%). Nenhum vídeo apresentou a completude do procedimento, sendo identificada grande frequência de erros em todas as etapas do procedimento. Observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os testes de confiabilidade e popularidade dos vídeos (p=0,042). Conclusão os vídeos que abordam o procedimento de administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular disponíveis na plataforma YouTube® foram considerados atuais, de pouca relevância, elaborados por fontes não confiáveis, de baixa acurácia e frágil finalidade. Contribuições para a prática os vídeos disponíveis na plataforma YouTube® sobre a administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular não devem ser indicados como material educativo para a formação ou atualização profissional.

ABSTRACT Objective to characterize videos that contain a demonstration of the procedure for administering drugs intramuscularly to adults. Methods a descriptive cross-sectional study, 44 Brazilian videos available on YouTube® were selected which addressed the procedure of intramuscular drug administration. Results the majority of the videos selected are of personal origin (86.4%), were made by a Nursing technician (59.1%), used the dorsal gluteal region as the injection spot (54.5%), and were produced in a healthcare environment using a patient to demonstrate the procedure (52.3%). No video showed the completeness of the procedure, and a high frequency of errors was identified at all stages of the procedure. There was a statistically significant difference between the reliability and popularity tests of the videos (p=0.042). Conclusion the videos on intramuscular drug administration available on the YouTube® platform were considered to be up-to-date, of little relevance, produced by unreliable sources, of low accuracy, and with a weak purpose. Contributions to practice the videos available on the YouTube® platform on intramuscular drug administration should not be used as educational material for professional training or updating.

Testing the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological internet use among undergraduates in Nigeria

Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to examine the effect of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) on pathological internet use (PIU). Method The study applied a group randomized controlled trial design to assign participants to intervention and control groups. A total of 40 college students aged 18 to 30 who were pathological internet users (PIUs) participated in this study and were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Participants completed a self-report scale entitled the Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUS) at three time points. The intervention lasted 8 weeks. The data collected were statistically analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results The results showed that GCBT has significant efficacy, decreasing the symptoms of PIU among the GCBT participants compared to those in the control group and that the improvements were maintained at follow-up. We also found a significant interaction effect by time for PIU. Conclusion From the study findings, we can conclude that GCBT has significant benefit for mitigating the severity of PIU in college students. Therefore, mental health professionals are encouraged to explore the benefits of GCBT in treating symptoms associated with PIU in school settings and beyond.

O uso excessivo da Internet na saúde mental de estudantes universitários de enfermagem / Excessive use of the Internet on the mental health of nursing university students

O uso da internet cresce em 4% até 2023 e tornou-se uma ferramenta fundamental em nossa vida cotidiana, no entanto, seu uso excessivo pode contribuir para problemas de saúde mental, como ansiedade, depressão e esgotamento, especialmente em estudantes universitários de saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o risco de ansiedade e esgotamento devido ao uso excessivo da internet em estudantes universitários do curso de enfermagem. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem quantitativa não experimental, com um design explicativo. O estudo contou com a participação de 337 estudantes de enfermagem da Universidad Privada San Carlos SAC de Puno, com uma idade média de 30,35 ± 9,274 anos; 15,70% (n=53) eram homens e 84,30% (n=284) eram mulheres. Os estudantes que usaram a Internet excessivamente por mais de quatro horas por dia tiveram um risco 3,160 vezes maior de desenvolver ansiedade (IC 95%: 1,519-6,577); 1,704 vezes maior de desenvolver esgotamento emocional (IC 95%: 0,925-3,215); 1,786 vezes maior de desenvolver distúrbios de despersonalização (IC 95%: 0,931-3,413) e 2,101 vezes maior de desenvolver a falta de realização pessoal em comparação com os estudantes que usam a internet por menos de três horas diárias. Os níveis de ansiedade estão positivamente associados ao esgotamento emocional (rho=0,765; p<0.001); despersonalização (rho=0,744; p<0.001); falta de realização pessoal (rho=0,631; p<0.001), o que indica que o uso excessivo da internet por estudantes universitários teve efeitos negativos prejudiciais para a saúde mental.

Internet use has grown by 4% by 2023 and has become a fundamental tool in our everyday lives, however, its excessive use can contribute to mental health problems such as anxiety, depression and burnout, especially in university health students. This study aimed to determine the risk of anxiety and burnout due to excessive internet use in university nursing students. The research had a non-experimental quantitative approach, with an explanatory design. The study had the participation of 337 nursing students from the Universidad Privada San Carlos SAC de Puno, with an average age of 30.35 ± 9.274 years; 15.70% (n=53) were men and 84.30% (n=284) were women. Students who used the internet excessively for more than four hours a day had a 3.160 times greater risk of developing anxiety (95% CI: 1.519-6.577); 1.704 times more likely to develop emotional exhaustion (95% CI: 0.925-3.215); 1.786 times more likely to develop depersonalization disorders (95% CI: 0.931-3.413) and 2.101 times more likely to develop a lack of personal fulfillment compared to students who use the internet for less than three hours a day. Anxiety levels are positively associated with emotional exhaustion (rho=0.765; p<0.001); depersonalization (rho=0.744; p<0.001); lack of personal fulfillment (rho=0.631; p<0.001), which indicates that excessive internet use by university students had harmful negative effects on mental health.

Ferramentas tecnológicas utilizadas para a melhoria da saúde física e mental da população: uma revisão sistemática / Technological tools used to improve the physical and mental health of the population: a systematic review / Herramientas tecnológicas utilizadas para mejorar la sa- lud física y mental de la población: una revisión sistemática

Os recursos tecnológicos podem ser eficazes na atenuação e tratamento de diversas doenças. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar ferramentas tecnológicas utilizadas para a melhoria da saúde física e mental da população, a fim de orientar futuras intervenções com esta população. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO e Science Direct. Como critério de inclusão, adotou-se a estratégia PICO(s). A busca resultou em 76 artigos, e após todas as etapas de seleção, cinco atenderam os requisitos para esta revisão. Todos os trabalhos selecionados propõem intervenção por meio de ferramentas tecnológicas disponíveis, sendo que em três estudos foi necessário o uso de celular para acessar aplicativos, como: COPe, BePrepared e SMART Eating. Foram investigadas diversas adaptações relacionadas ao sistema tecnológico utilizado em hospitais ou centros de saúde, cujo objetivo era analisar o bem-estar mental, a capacidade física, a usabilidade de aplicativos, o consumo de álcool e a qualidade alimentar. Sendo assim, o levantamento de informações indica que o uso da tecnologia é benéfico aos usuários dos sistemas de saúde.

Technological resources can be effective in mitigating and treating various diseases. The objective of this study is to demonstrate technological tools used to improve the physical and mental health of the population, in order to guide future interventions with this population. The search was carried out in LILACS, MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO and Science Direct electronic databases. As an inclusion criterion, the PICO (s) strategy was adopted. The search resulted in 76 articles, and after all the selection steps, five met the requirements for this review. All works selected intervention proposal through avai- lable technological tools, and in three studies it was necessary to use a cell phone to access apps, such as: COPe, BePrepared and SMART Eating. Several adaptations related to the technological system used in hospitals or health centers were investigated, whose objec- tive was to analyze mental well-being, physical capacity, apps usability, alcohol con- sumption and food quality. Therefore, the survey of information indicates that the use of technology is beneficial to users of health systems.

Los recursos tecnológicos pueden ser eficaces para mitigar y tratar diversas enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar las herramientas tecnológicas uti- lizadas para mejorar la salud física y mental de la población, con el fin de orientar futuras inter-venciones con esta población. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos electró- nicas LILACS, MEDLINE, PE-Dro, SciELO y Science Direct. Como criterio de inclu- sión, se adoptó la estrategia PI-CO (s). La búsqueda resultó en 76 artículos, y después de todos los pasos de selección, cinco cumplieron los requisitos para esta revisión. Todos los trabajos seleccionaron la propuesta de intervención a través de herramientas tecnológicas disponibles, y en tres estudios fue necesario el uso de un teléfono móvil para acceder a apps, como: COPe, BePrepared y SMART Eating. Se investigaron varias adaptaciones relacionadas con el sistema tecnológico utilizado en hospitales o centros de salud, cuyo objetivo era analizar el bienestar mental, la capacidad física, la usabilidad de las apps, el consumo de alcohol y la calidad de los alimentos. Por lo tanto, el estudio de la informa- ción indica que el uso de la tecnología es beneficioso para los usuarios de los sistemas de salud.

Transtorno de uso de internet entre graduandos de Medicina no primeiro ano da pandemia de Covid-19 / Internet addiction disorder among medicine students in the first year of the covid-19 pandemic

Resumo: Introdução: Apesar das facilidades proporcionadas pela internet, seu uso inadequado e excessivo pode gerar Transtorno de Uso de Internet, principalmente entre os universitários que a utilizam para entretenimento, comunicação e atividades acadêmicas, como ocorreu durante a pandemia de Covid-19, quando o ensino ficou on-line. Esse transtorno culmina em prejuízos, como a redução no desempenho estudantil e a exacerbação ou o aparecimento de doenças psiquiátricas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença do transtorno de uso de internet entre estudantes de Medicina em universidades do estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico realizado com estudantes de Medicina de duas instituições de ensino superior do estado de Alagoas durante o primeiro ano de pandemia de Covid-19. A coleta foi feita por um instrumento on-line com uma avaliação sociodemográfica, o Teste de Dependência de Internet e as variáveis sexo, idade, período, cidade de origem e coeficiente acadêmico de rendimento. Os dados foram analisados nos programas SPSS 24 e JASP 0.14. Resultado: Participaram da pesquisa 325 estudantes, dos quais 97,2% afirmaram ter aumentado o consumo da internet durante o período da pandemia. A média de pontuação no teste foi de 32,5, no qual 80,6% apresentaram algum grau de transtorno de uso de internet, sendo 66,8% leve e 13,8% moderado. Constatou-se maior prevalência da dependência no sexo masculino, com achado entre eles de criar novas amizades pela internet, de ocultar revelar o que faz on-line e gastar mais tempo que o planejado navegando. Houve maior gravidade de compulsão nos estudantes de classes sociais mais baixas, em períodos iniciais do curso, provenientes de instituição pública, oriundos de cidades com até 50 mil habitantes e nos imigrantes. Houve uma relação negativa significativa entre menor coeficiente do último período cursado e maior nota no teste (Pearson -0,121, valor de p: 0,045). Conclusão: Os dados apontaram que os estudantes de Medicina estão propensos a desenvolver transtorno de uso de internet e que houve maior gravidade entre o sexo masculino, em classes sociais mais baixas, nos períodos iniciais do curso, nos procedentes de instituição pública, de cidades com até 50 mil habitantes e nos imigrantes. A presença do transtorno foi inversamente proporcional à performance acadêmica.

Abstract: Introduction: Although the internet provides various facilities, its inadequate and excessive use can cause Internet Addiction Disorder, especially among university students, who browse the web for entertainment, communication and academic activities, and even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, when education switched to online. This disorder results in several detrimental consequences such as diminished student performance and aggravation or triggering of other psychiatric conditions. Objective: To evaluate the presence of Internet Addiction Disorder in medical students at the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional and analytic study conducted among medical students from two universities in the state of Alagoas during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was gathered through an online form with a social-demographic questionnaire, the Internet Addiction Test, and variables (sex, age, semester of study, city of birth, grade point average). The data was analysed in the SPSS 24 and JASP 0.14 programs. Results: The survey was applied to 325 students, 97.2% of whom affirmed to have increased their internet usage during the pandemic. The average score in the Internet Addiction Test was 32.5, with 80.6% displaying some degree of disorder, 66.8% a mild dependence, and 13.8% moderate dependence. A higher prevalence of the disorder was found among males, who were also shown to be more used to making new friendships through the internet, to hide what they are doing online, and to spend more time logged in than planned. The compulsion was more severe in lower social classes, initial semester and those who came from public university, cities with a population of less than 50.000, and immigrants. There was a negative correlation between lower final semester grades and higher grades in the Internet Addiction Test (Pearson -0,121, p-value: 0,045). Conclusions: The data of this study point to a major possibility of medical students developing Internet Addiction Disorder, with more severe dependence among those who are males, from lower social classes, in earlier periods of study, students from public universities, from cities with a population of less than 50.000 inhabitants and immigrants. The presence of Internet Addiction Disorder was inversely proportional to academic performance.

"Vá para casa, seu idoso!" Ageísmo na pandemia da covid-19: netnografia na plataforma Youtube™ / "Go home, old man!" Ageism in the covid-19 pandemic: netnography on the Youtube™ platform

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as repercussões do ageísmo direcionado a pessoas idosas durante a covid-19, por meio dos conteúdos disponíveis na plataforma Youtube™. Método Estudo netnográfico, exploratório e qualitativo, cujos dados foram coletados em vídeos na plataforma Youtube™; foi realizada análise temática de conteúdo de Bardin e os elementos foram discutidos à luz da Teoria do Estigma. Resultados Três categorias explicam as repercussões do fenômeno investigado: expressões do ageísmo pré-existentes à pandemia, com expressões de exclusão, desconsideração e desrespeito; expressões de ageísmo durante a pandemia a partir do rótulo de grupo de risco que fortalece os estereótipos de doentes e incapazes; e sentimentos e atitudes da pessoa idosa frente às repercussões do ageísmo, que levaram a repercussões nas interações sociais, no estilo de vida e na saúde das pessoas idosas. Conclusões As repercussões podem ocasionar sequelas de ordem física, cognitiva, social e psíquica, e o combate aos seus impactos parte da esfera educativa para um pacto social que permita uma convivência respeitosa e empática entre as gerações.

Abstract Objective To analyze the repercussions of ageism directed at older people during covid-19, through the content available on the Youtube™ platform. Method Netnographic, exploratory and qualitative study, whose data were collected in videos on the Youtube™ platform; a thematic analysis of Bardin's content was performed and the elements were discussed in the light of the Theory of Stigma. Results Three categories explain the repercussions of the investigated phenomenon: expressions of ageism pre-existing to the pandemic, with expressions of exclusion, disregard and disrespect; expressions of ageism during the pandemic from the risk group label that strengthens stereotypes of sick and incapable people; and feelings and attitudes of the older people towards the repercussions of ageism, which led to repercussions on social interactions, lifestyle and health of older people. Conclusions The repercussions can cause physical, cognitive, social and psychic sequelae, and the fight against its impacts starts from the educational sphere towards a social pact that allows a respectful and empathetic coexistence between generations.

Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity and personality characteristics among adults seeking treatment for problematic internet use.

In the present study, we investigated gender differences in personality and psychiatric correlates among adults (N = 115) seeking treatment for problematic internet use (PIU) at a specialized clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. All participants were assessed at the beginning of their treatment for co-occurring psychiatric conditions, other addictive behaviors, and personality characteristics. Women (n = 20) were more likely to present with greater rates of psychiatric comorbidity compared to men (n = 95), including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bulimia nervosa. Women also had a greater severity of certain behavioral addictions, such as compulsive buying and disordered eating. Gender differences were also found across personality characteristics, with women scoring higher on impulsivity, novelty seeking, and self-transcendence compared to men. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate gender differences for PIU in a clinical sample. The results suggest that there are notable gender differences in individuals seeking treatment for PIU which underscores the importance of assessing for co-occurring conditions, especially in women. Understanding the characteristics associated with PIU can help serve to inform the most appropriate interventions to bolster treatment outcomes.