The implication of alexithymia in personality disorders: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia, characterized by difficulty identifying and expressing emotions, is often associated with various psychiatric disorders, including personality disorders (PDs). This study aimed to explore the relationship between alexithymia and PD, focusing on their common origins and implications for treatment. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using databases such as MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria were studies assessing adults with DSM-5-diagnosed personality disorders using validated alexithymia scales. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS: From an initial yield of 2434 citations, 20 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate a significant association between alexithymia and personality disorders, particularly within Clusters B and C. Patients with these disorders exhibited higher levels of alexithymia, which correlated with increased emotional dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties. The review also highlighted the comorbidity burden of conditions such as psychosomatic disorders, eating disorders, depression, anxiety, suicidal behavior, and substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the need for integrating alexithymia-focused assessments into clinical practice to enhance therapeutic approaches, allowing for more personalized and effective interventions. Addressing the emotional processing challenges in patients with personality disorders could significantly improve patient outcomes. Future research should prioritize establishing clinical guidelines and conducting longitudinal studies to explore the relationship between alexithymia and specific personality disorder subtypes, ensuring the practical translation of these findings into clinical practice.

Desafios relacionados ao clima organizacional da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público - percepção dos enfermeiros / Challenges related to the organizational climate of the nursing team in a public hospital - nurses' perception

Resumo O ambiente organizacional está relacionado com o grau de motivação de seus colaboradores. Essa percepção é essencialmente sentida, não se vê e nem se toca, mas tem uma existência real. Este estudo objetiva identificar as dificuldades e potencialidades relacionadas ao clima organizacional dos servidores de enfermagem de um hospital público do Distrito Federal. Metodologicamente foi realizado um estudo descritivo e exploratório caracterizado por uma abordagem qualitativa. A análise de conteúdo temática conduziu a três dimensões interpretativas: ambiente e condições de trabalho; comunicação, relacionamento interpessoal e fluxos de trabalho; e motivação para a melhoria do ambiente de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para um déficit de recursos humanos, escassez de recursos materiais, insumos, estrutura física precária, além de problemas de relacionamento interpessoal, como a (des)valorização do profissional enfermeiro e da enfermagem. Os desafios postos para os gestores estão para além da dimensão técnica e estrutural, da complexidade tecnológica dos equipamentos sem manutenção, desdobra-se pela dimensão humana, pelos sentimentos e pelas necessidades não atendidas (de valorização) da enfermagem, que precisa ser cuidada, valorizada, ouvida e vista no seu processo de cuidar.

Abstract The organizational climate is related to the degree of motivation of its employees. This perception is essentially felt, it is neither seen nor touched, but it is real. This study aims to identify difficulties and potentialities related to the organizational climate of the nursing staff at a public hospital in the Federal District. Methodologically, a descriptive and exploratory study was carried out characterized by a qualitative approach. The thematic content analysis led to three interpretative dimensions: environment and working conditions; communication, interpersonal relationship and work flows; motivation to improve the work environment. The results indicate a deficit of human resources, scarcity of material resources, supplies, precarious physical structure, in addition to interpersonal relationship problems, such as the (de)valuation of professional nurses and nursing. The challenges posed to managers go beyond the technical and structural dimension, the technological complexity of equipment without maintenance, as it unfolds through the human dimension, feelings and unmet needs (of appreciation) of nursing, which needs to be cared for, valued, heard and seen in their care process.

Leveraging Social Networks to Integrate Depression Treatment into Primary Health and Tuberculosis Care in Brazil.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and depression are highly comorbid and linked to higher rates of death and disability. Several evidence-based treatments for depression have been successfully implemented in low- and middle-income countries, but more knowledge is needed on how to bring these innovations to scale within complex 'real world' public health systems. Objective: To explore whether the principles of social network analysis could be used to enhance receptivity to integrating depression treatment into primary care for individuals with and without TB in Brazil. Methods: We used existing scales to identify settings and providers with high receptivity and connectivity within the primary care network. We trained and supervised existing staff in three primary care sites to deliver a brief evidence-based intervention over one year, coupled with active dissemination activities. Afterwards, we reassessed receptivity among individuals involved, and not involved, in the pilot. Results: Highly significant changes were observed in mental health literacy, attitudes towards evidence-based practices, work self-efficacy, and implementation leadership supporting our hypothesis. Limited social connections between primary care clinics precluded the examination of the hypothesis that targeting settings with high connectivity could capitalize on the information flow between and transcend the decentralized structure of the network, but leveraging the centralized nature of the TB program to integrate mental health services emerged as a promising alternative. Conclusions: The findings of this study strongly suggest that social networks may be leveraged to change individual providers' attitudes, thereby contributing to the enhanced dissemination of evidence-based interventions.

Selección de pareja y apego en padres de familia de una unidad educativa de Riobamba / Partner selection and attachment in parents of an educational unit in Riobamba

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar los criterios de selección de pareja en relación al apego en adultos. Esta investigación fue cuantitativa, correlacional, de corte transversal, con 170 participantes, escogidos a través de un muestreo no probabilístico bola de nieve y discriminados con criterios de inclusión. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la Escala de Selección de Pareja de Romero, la cual evalúa los criterios para la selección de pareja. Para determinar el apego se empleó el instrumento CAMIR. En los resultados de selección de pareja, se evidenció que en similitud y atractivo la mayoría de los participantes consideran de baja importancia, en aspectos no verbales y complementariedad la mayoría indican tener un nivel de importancia medio; los rasgos de personalidad y la satisfacción de necesidades tuvieron un nivel de importancia alta. En apego, la mayoría de los evaluados, muestran un tipo de apego seguro e inseguro preocupado. De la misma manera, la gran mayoría no presentó un tipo de apego inseguro evitativo e inseguro desorganizado. Se concluye que existió correlación entre estilos de apego y selección de pareja, evidenciándose en la correlación positiva entre el estilo de apego seguro con el criterio satisfacción de necesidades; el estilo de apego inseguro evitativo tuvo una correlación positiva con: el criterio similitud, atractivo físico, aspectos no verbales y rasgos de personalidad; por último, el estilo de apego inseguro preocupado mantuvo una correlación positiva con el criterio complementariedad.

Abstract This research aimed to analyze the partner selection criteria concerning attachment in adults. This research was quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional, with 170 participants chosen through non-probabilistic snowball sampling and discriminated with inclusion criteria. The Romero Partner Selection Scale, which evaluates the criteria for partner selection, was used for data collection. The CAMIR instrument was used to determine attachment. In the results of partner selection, it was evident that in similarity and attractiveness, the majority of participants consider it to be of low importance; in non-verbal aspects and complementarity, the majority indicate having a medium level of importance; Personality traits and needs satisfaction had a high level of significance. In attachment, most of those evaluated show a type of secure and preoccupied insecure attachment. In the same way, the vast majority did not present a kind of avoidant and disorganized insecure attachment. It is concluded that there was a correlation between attachment styles and partner selection, evident in the positive correlation between the secure attachment style and the needs satisfaction criterion; the insecure-avoidant attachment style had a positive correlation with the similarity criterion, physical attractiveness, non-verbal aspects, and personality traits; Finally, the preoccupied insecure attachment style maintained a positive correlation with the complementarity criterion.

Qualified Listening to Relatives of Users at a Psychosocial Care Center / La escucha calificada a familiares de usuarios en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial

Abstract Introduction The Psychiatric Reform introduced a new people-centered care model to replace psychiatric hospitals: the Psychosocial Care Center. Qualified listening can be used to achieve the integrality and humanization of the health care provided. It allows for the appreciation of content, the respect of its uniqueness, empathy, and the promotion of a space in which freedom of expression is provided. Objective To identify the understanding of qualified listening from the perspective of the relative of a person with a mental disorder at a Psychosocial Care Center. Method Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study. Ten relatives over the age of 18 participated, contributing to the production of information. Data was obtained through the triangulation method, through semi-structured individual and collective interviews, observation, and field diary records. Results For relatives, qualified listening translates into clarifying the illness, understanding the family's painful situation and providing help and support during the psychosocial rehabilitation process. Discussion and conclusion Listening constitutes a means of consolidating care networks, through the strengthening of bonds and co-responsibility, in a centered and expanded family-user logic model.

Resumen Introducción La Reforma Psiquiátrica introdujo un nuevo modelo de atención, reemplazando a los hospitales psiquiátricos y centrado en la persona, el Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Para lograr la integralidad y humanización del servicio de salud brindado, se puede utilizar la escucha calificada. Permite la valorización del contenido dicho, el respeto a su singularidad, la empatía y la promoción de un espacio en el que se brinda la libertad de expresión. Objetivo Identificar la comprensión de la escucha calificada desde la perspectiva del familiar de una persona con trastorno mental en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Método Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Participaron 10 familiares mayores de 18 años, aptos para contribuir a la producción de información. Datos obtenidos a través del método de triangulación, a través de entrevistas individuales y colectivas semiestructuradas, observación y registro en diario de campo. Resultados Para el familiar, la escucha calificada se traduce en brindar aclaraciones sobre la enfermedad, comprender la situación de dolor de la familia y brindar ayuda y apoyo durante el proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial. Discusión y conclusión El dispositivo de escucha constituye una forma de consolidación de las redes de cuidado, a través de la afirmación de los vínculos y la corresponsabilidad, en una lógica familia-usuario centrada y ampliada.

Detecção precoce dos sinais de alerta de autismo em crianças na atenção primária à saúde sob a perspectiva das relações interpessoais / Early detection of warning signs of autism in children in primary care from the perspective of interpersonal relationships

Introdução: os transtornos do espectro do autismo (TEA) são uma condição de início precoce, cujas dificuldades estão relacionadas à ausência ou limitações no uso da linguagem, na interação social e das atividades imaginativas, bem como padrões restritos/repetitivos de comportamento. Geralmente, as primeiras manifestações dos TEA aparecem antes dos 36 meses de idade, o que envolve a adoção de medidas de detecção precoce dos sinais de alerta já nesses primeiros meses de vida. No âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), práticas de Enfermagem podem ser empreendidas para a detecção precoce desses sinais de alerta, partindo-se da premissa de que o enfermeiro possui papel estratégico neste processo, cujas ações podem impactar positivamente na qualidade de vida e bem estar de crianças e de suas famílias. Objetivos: descrever a participação de enfermeiros no processo de detecção precoce dos sinais de alerta dos TEA em crianças de até três anos de idade, no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde; e analisar as relações interpessoais enfermeiros e familiares dessas crianças no processo de detecção precoce dos sinais de alerta dos TEA. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, descritivo, desenvolvido por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com enfermeiros de cinco unidades de Clínica da Família (CF) do município do Rio de Janeiro. Para tratamento dos dados foi utilizado o software IRaMuTeQ®. As interpretações e teorização foram orientadas pela aplicação da Teoria das Relações Interpessoais, de Hildegard Peplau. A pesquisa foi aprovada por Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (Pareceres nº 5.370.466 e nº 5.443.956). Resultados: participaram 27 enfermeiros, com idades variando entre 25 e 50 anos (média de 36,3 anos). A área predominante de formação em especialização/residência foi a de Saúde da Família (22 enfermeiros). O tempo de graduação entre os entrevistados obteve média de 9,5 anos; o tempo de trabalho na CF obteve média de 2,9 anos; e o tempo de trabalho na assistência a crianças, com média de 7,2 anos. O corpus advindo das entrevistas foi processado por meio de classificação hierárquica descendente, cuja estruturação se deu em dois blocos temáticos e cinco classes. O bloco I (composto pela classe 2) reuniu 229 segmentos de texto (ST), o que representou 20,3% do corpus textual; e o bloco II (composto pelas classes 1, 3, 4 e 5) contemplou 866 ST, ou seja, 79,7% do corpus textual. A análise lexical foi estruturada a partir dessas cinco classes, que abordaram os seguintes temas: classe 2) as relações interpessoais nas consultas puericultura; classe 1) capacitação de enfermeiros para a detecção dos sinais de alerta dos TEA; classe 3) papéis dos enfermeiros na atenção a familiares de crianças com sinais de alerta dos TEA; classe 4) a comunicação e o vínculo na relação interpessoal terapêutica; e classe 5) o trabalho multidisciplinar na suspeição precoce dos TEA. Considerações Finais: a participação dos enfermeiros no processo de detecção precoce dos sinais de alerta dos TEA revelou-se essencial, estratégica e necessária, a despeito das dificuldades constatadas em relação às demandas de trabalho, problemas de fluxos de atendimento, demoras nos acompanhamentos subsequentes pelo sistema de regulação, desconhecimento sobre aplicabilidade de escalas e protocolos de avaliação, e ainda autorreconhecimento precário de seus papéis e questões relacionadas à treinamento e capacitação. As implicações para a Enfermagem estão centradas no fortalecimento das relações interpessoais família-criança-enfermeiro, com vistas a melhorar a qualidade de vida futura, proporcionando suporte adequado e oportuno desde os primeiros passos do desenvolvimento. A articulação do conhecimento técnico-científico com a sensibilidade humana pode ser compreendida como o caminho para uma prática de Enfermagem mais efetiva, libertadora e inclusiva.

Introduction: autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are an early-onset condition, whose difficulties are related to the absence or limitations in the use of language, social interaction and imaginative activities, as well as restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior. Generally, the first manifestations of ASD appear before 36 months of age, which involves adopting measures to detect early warning signs in the first months of life. Within the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC), Nursing practices can be undertaken for the early detection of these warning signs, based on the premise that nurses have a strategic role in this process, whose actions can positively impact quality of life and well-being of children and their families. Objectives: to describe the participation of nurses in the process of early detection of warning signs of ASD in children up to three years of age, within the scope of Primary Health Care; and analyze the interpersonal relationships between nurses and families of these children in the process of early detection of warning signs of ASD. Method: qualitative, descriptive study, developed through semi-structured interviews with nurses from five Family Clinic (CF) units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The IRaMuTeQ® software was used to process the data. The interpretations and theorization were guided by the application of Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations. The research was approved by Research Ethics Committees (Opinions nº 5,370,466 and nº 5,443,956). Results: 27 nurses participated, with ages ranging between 25 and 50 years (average of 36.3 years). The predominant area of specialization/residency training was Family Health (22 nurses). The time since graduation among those interviewed had an average of 9.5 years; working time at CF averaged 2.9 years; and time working in childcare, with an average of 7.2 years. The corpus arising from the interviews was processed through descending hierarchical classification, which was structured into two thematic blocks and five classes. Block I (composed of class 2) brought together 229 text segments (ST), which represented 20.3% of the textual corpus; and block II (composed of classes 1, 3, 4 and 5) included 866 ST, that is, 79.7% of the textual corpus. The lexical analysis was structured based on these five classes, which addressed the following themes: class 2) interpersonal relationships in childcare consultations; class 1) training nurses to detect the warning signs of ASD; class 3) nurses' roles in caring for family members of children with warning signs of ASD; class 4) communication and bonding in the therapeutic interpersonal relationship; and class 5) multidisciplinary work in the early suspicion of ASD. Final Considerations: the participation of nurses in the process of early detection of warning signs of ASD proved to be essential, strategic and necessary, despite the difficulties observed in relation to work demands, problems with care flows, delays in subsequent follow-ups by the regulation system, lack of knowledge about the applicability of assessment scales and protocols, and also precarious self-recognition of their roles and issues related to training and qualification. The implications for Nursing are centered on strengthening family-child-nurse interpersonal relationships, with a view to improving future quality of life, providing adequate and timely support from the first steps of development. The articulation of technical-scientific knowledge with human sensitivity can be understood as the path to a more effective, liberating and inclusive Nursing practice.

Introducción: los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) son una condición de aparición temprana, cuyas dificultades están relacionadas con la ausencia o limitaciones en el uso del lenguaje, la interacción social y las actividades imaginativas, así como con patrones de conducta restringidos/repetitivos. Generalmente, las primeras manifestaciones del TEA aparecen antes de los 36 meses de edad, lo que implica adoptar medidas para detectar signos precoces de alerta en los primeros meses de vida. En el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), se pueden emprender prácticas de enfermería para la detección temprana de estos signos de alerta, partiendo de la premisa de que el enfermero tiene un papel estratégico en este proceso, cuyas acciones pueden impactar positivamente la calidad de vida y el bienestar. ser de los niños y sus familias. Objetivos: describir la participación del enfermero en el proceso de detección temprana de signos de alerta de TEA en niños de hasta tres años de edad, en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud; y analizar las relaciones interpersonales entre enfermeras y familias de estos niños en el proceso de detección precoz de signos de alerta del TEA. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con enfermeros de cinco unidades de Clínica de la Familia (CF) de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Para procesar los datos se utilizó el software IRaMuTeQ®. Las interpretaciones y teorización estuvieron guiadas por la aplicación de la Teoría de las Relaciones Interpersonales de Hildegard Peplau. La investigación fue aprobada por los Comités de Ética en Investigación (Dictamen nº 5.370.466 y nº 5.443.956). Resultados: Participaron 27 enfermeros, con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 50 años (promedio de 36,3 años). El área de formación de especialización/residencia predominante fue Salud de la Familia (22 enfermeros). El tiempo de egreso entre los entrevistados tuvo un promedio de 9,5 años; el tiempo de trabajo en CF fue de 2,9 años en promedio; y tiempo trabajado en guarderías, con una media de 7,2 años. El corpus surgido de las entrevistas fue procesado mediante clasificación jerárquica descendente, la cual se estructuró en dos bloques temáticos y cinco clases. El bloque I (compuesto por la clase 2) reunió 229 segmentos textuales (ST), que representaron el 20,3% del corpus textual; y el bloque II (compuesto por las clases 1, 3, 4 y 5) incluyó 866 ST, es decir, el 79,7% del corpus textual. El análisis léxico se estructuró a partir de estas cinco clases, las cuales abordaron los siguientes temas: clase 2) relaciones interpersonales en las consultas de puericultura; clase 1) formación de enfermeras para detectar las señales de alerta del TEA; clase 3) funciones de las enfermeras en el cuidado de familiares de niños con signos de advertencia de TEA; clase 4) comunicación y vinculación en la relación interpersonal terapéutica; y clase 5) trabajo multidisciplinar en la sospecha temprana de TEA. Consideraciones finales: la participación de los enfermeros en el proceso de detección temprana de signos de alerta de TEA resultó esencial, estratégica y necesaria, a pesar de las dificultades observadas en relación a las demandas laborales, problemas con los flujos de cuidados, retrasos en los seguimientos posteriores por parte de los sistema de regulación, desconocimiento sobre la aplicabilidad de escalas y protocolos de evaluación, y también precario reconocimiento de sus roles y cuestiones relacionadas con la formación y la cualificación. Las implicaciones para la Enfermería se centran en fortalecer las relaciones interpersonales familia-niño-enfermero, con miras a mejorar la calidad de vida futura, brindando apoyo adecuado y oportuno desde los primeros pasos del desarrollo. La articulación del conocimiento técnico-científico con la sensibilidad humana puede entenderse como el camino hacia una práctica de Enfermería más eficaz, liberadora e inclusiva.

Non-violent communication as a technology in interpersonal relationships in health work: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Working in healthcare environments is highly stressful for most professionals and can trigger problems in interpersonal relationships that can result in horizontal violence. In order to prevent violence and improve the working environment, some strategies can be implemented to provide well-being for all those involved, whether directly or indirectly in health care, such as non-violent communication. The aim of this study was to map and synthesize the available scientific evidence on the use of Nonviolent Communication as a technology for a culture of peace in interpersonal relationships in healthcare. METHODS: This is a scoping review carried out in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Excerpa Medica DataBASE (Embase), PsycINFO - APA/ PsycNET (American Psychological Association) and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases between March and August 2023. The eligibility criteria used were studies that addressed the topic of NVC in the area of health, published in Portuguese, Spanish or English, with no time restrictions. RESULTS: 53 studies were found in the databases. Two additional studies were extracted from of primary research. In the first exclusion phase, 16 texts were removed due to being duplicated. 39 articles were potentially relevant, and full-texts were reviewed for eligibility along with the inclusion and exclusion criteria Thus, seven studies were included in this review, published in English (five) and Portuguese (two), two of which were carried out in Brazil, one in the United States of America, one in South Korea, one in France, one in Canada and one in Thailand. In terms of the type of study/publication, two studies were reflections, one was a review, one was a mixed study, one was an experience report and two were experimental. The studies were predominantly of high and moderate methodological quality (85.7%). The total number of participants in the studies was 185. The studies showed that NVC is a technology that has made it possible to improve interpersonal relationships between health professionals. Training programs or educational intervention projects on the subject are useful for familiarizing professionals with the subject and demonstrating situations in which the technique can be included. CONCLUSION: The global scientific literature indicates that Nonviolent Communication is a significant resource for improving interpersonal relationships in healthcare work. This approach can be adopted as a strategy by managers and decision-makers, both to resolve conflicts and to prevent aggressive situations between health professionals, especially when it comes to moral or psychological aspects.

Interpersonal behaviors in sports context: Spanish adaptation and measurement invariance.

Introduction: The interpersonal behavior questionnaire (IBQ) is an instrument that measures support and thwarting interpersonal behaviors based on the self-determination theory (SDT). The aim of this work was to adapt the IBQ to the Spanish spoken in Mexico and to examine its psychometric properties (structural validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, factorial invariance, and nomological validity) in a sample of athletes. Methods: For this purpose, 472 athletes (average age 17.15 years; SD = 1.47) completed a question booklet. Results and discussion: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of six related factors, three factors of behaviors that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and three factors of behaviors that thwarting them. The internal consistency of each factor was also supported, as well as the average variance extracted. However, the discriminant validity between the factors of competence and relatedness in their dimensions of support, on the one hand, and thwarting, on the other, is questioned. Factorial invariance was confirmed across gender (men and women) and sport type (individual and team). Nomological validity is in accordance with theory and empirical literature. More studies of the IBQ in sport are necessary to see if these results are a fortuitous product or if they manifest themselves consistently.

Task Sharing and Remote Delivery of Brief Interpersonal Counseling for Venezuelan Migrants and Refugees Living in Peru during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.

Refugees and migrants experience an elevated risk for mental health problems and face significant barriers to receiving services. Interpersonal counseling (IPC-3) is a three-session intervention that can be delivered by non-specialists to provide psychological support and facilitate referrals for individuals in need of specialized care. We piloted IPC-3 delivered remotely by eight Venezuelan refugee and migrant women living in Peru. These counselors provided IPC-3 to Venezuelan refugee and migrant clients in Peru (n = 32) who reported psychological distress. Clients completed assessments of mental health symptoms at baseline and one-month post-intervention. A subset of clients (n = 15) and providers (n = 8) completed post-implementation qualitative interviews. Results showed that IPC-3 filled a gap in the system of mental health care for refugees and migrants in Peru. Some adaptations were made to IPC-3 to promote its relevance to the population and context. Non-specialist providers developed the skills and confidence to provide IPC-3 competently. Clients displayed large reductions in symptoms of depression (d = 1.1), anxiety (d = 1.4), post-traumatic stress (d = 1.0), and functional impairment (d = 0.8). Remote delivery of IPC-3 by non-specialists appears to be a feasible, acceptable, and appropriate strategy to address gaps and improve efficiency within the mental health system and warrants testing in a fully powered effectiveness study.

Peplau's theory for telenursing with the family of patients with COVID-19

Introduction: The care challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic required nurses to have new skills in coping with health demands. In addition, this professional emerges as an important tool through the therapeutic relationship. Thus, they can be seen as a bridge of support between family members and patients. Objective: To know the perspective of nurses on telenursing as therapeutic in the context of family members of patients with COVID-19 and to discuss in the light of Peplau's theory of interpersonal relationships. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, exploratory study with a qualitative approach to the data, carried out in a private general hospital in Teresina-PI, in 2022, with a semi-structured interview. Followed by a reflective structure with the use and philosophical theoretical construct of Hildegard Peplau's theory of interpersonal relationships, from 1952. Results: Nurses perceive remote assistance as an important tool for meeting the psychological and social needs of the family of patients with COVID-19. On the occasion, the nurses look at the patients' relatives experiencing the therapeutic relationship through information mediated by telenursing, which included the description of the main daily care, among other information. Discussion: Peplau's theory of interpersonal relationships gives meaning to the experience of telenursing from the perspective of nurses. Conclusion: The perspective of nurses on the remote therapeutic relationship with family members of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection involved bonding and welcoming as points of development of trust, which brought positive results to family members, given the uncertainties experienced during the pandemic.

Introducción: Los desafíos de salud planteados por la pandemia de COVID-19 exigieron nuevas habilidades de las enfermeras para enfrentar las demandas de salud. Además, este profesional emerge como una herramienta importante a través de la relación terapéutica. Por tanto, pueden verse como un puente de apoyo entre familiares y pacientes. Objetivo: Comprender la perspectiva de los enfermeros sobre la teleenfermería como terapia en el contexto de familiares de pacientes con COVID-19 y discutir a la luz de la teoría de las relaciones interpersonales de Peplau. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio exploratorio transversal, con enfoque de datos cualitativos, realizado en un hospital general privado de Teresina-PI, en 2022, con entrevistas semiestructuradas. Seguido de una estructura reflexiva utilizando el constructo teórico filosófico de la teoría de las relaciones interpersonales de Hildegard Peplau, de 1952. Resultados: Los enfermeros perciben la asistencia remota como una herramienta importante para satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas y sociales de las familias de los pacientes con COVID-19. En esta ocasión, los enfermeros observan a los familiares de los pacientes que viven la relación terapéutica a través de informaciones mediadas por la teleenfermería, que incluye una descripción de los principales cuidados diarios, entre otras informaciones. Discusión: La teoría de las relaciones interpersonales de Peplau da sentido a la experiencia de teleenfermería desde la perspectiva de las enfermeras. Conclusión: La perspectiva de los enfermeros sobre la relación terapéutica a distancia con los familiares de los pacientes diagnosticados con infección por COVID-19 involucró el vínculo y la acogida como puntos de desarrollo de la confianza, lo que trajo resultados positivos para los familiares, dadas las incertidumbres vividas durante la pandemia.

Introdução: Os desafios assistenciais trazidos pela pandemia por COVID-19 exigiram dos enfermeiros novas habilidades no enfrentamento de demandas de saúde. Além disto, este profissional surge como importante ferramenta através do relacionamento terapêutico. Assim, podem ser vistos como uma ponte de apoio entre familiares e pacientes. Objetivo: Conhecer a perspectiva de enfermeiros sobre a telenfermagem como terapêutico no contexto de familiares de pacientes com COVID-19 e discutir à luz da teoria das relações interpessoais de Peplau. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa dos dados, realizado em um hospital geral privado em Teresina-PI, em 2022, com entrevista semiestruturada. Seguido de estrutura reflexiva com utilização e construto teórico filosófico da teoria das relações interpessoais de Hildegard Peplau, de 1952. Resultados: Os enfermeiros percebem a assistência remota como importante ferramenta para o suprimento de necessidades psíquicas e sociais da família dos pacientes com COVID-19. Na oportunidade, os enfermeiros lançam o olhar sobre os familiares dos pacientes vivenciarem o relacionamento terapêutico por meio das informações mediadas pela telenfermagem que incluía a descrição dos principais cuidados diários dentre outras informações. Discussão: A teoria das relações interpessoais de Peplau dá sentido à experiencia da telenfermagem na perspectiva das enfermeiras. Conclusão: A perspectiva de enfermeiros sobre o relacionamento terapêutico remoto com familiares de pacientes diagnosticados com infecção por COVID-19 envolveu o vínculo e acolhimento como pontos de desenvolvimento de confiança, o que trouxe resultados positivos aos familiares, diante das incertezas vivenciadas durante a pandemia.

The profile of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence treated in a hospital emergency room.

AIM: This study evaluated records of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to interpersonal violence (IPV) being treated in the emergency room of a level I trauma center hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of patients with maxillofacial trauma due to IPV recorded between January 2019 and December 2019 were retrospectively examined. Personal data, days on which they experienced IPV, and the type of maxillofacial trauma sustained were extracted and statistically analyzed (p < .050). RESULTS: During the analysis, 1034 patients with maxillofacial trauma were identified; of these patients, 292 (28.2%) who experienced trauma due to IPV were included in this study. There was a mean age of 32.6 years and the most common type of trauma was soft tissue injuries (38.7%). Mandible and nose fractures were more prevalent in males and females, respectively. Our data, when compared with other studies on maxillofacial trauma due to IPV, showed a lower prevalence and male-to-female ratio, and a higher presence of dentoalveolar trauma. Additionally, our data when compared with studies on maxillofacial trauma due to other causes showed lower mean age and male-to-female ratios, and a higher occurrence of nose fractures differing from the predominance of mandibular fractures. CONCLUSION: Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be able to suspect and identify cases due to IPV among their patients with trauma. With our results, although each case has its individuality, we can suggest that cases of maxillofacial trauma in young, female, and nasal fracture patients may be suspicious for IPV.

Relação entre o autoconceito de pré-adolescentes e resolução de conflitos interpessoais / The relationship between pre-adolescent children's self-concept and interpersonal conflict resolution / Relations entre le concept de soi des preadolescents et la résolution des conflicts / Relación entre el autoconcepto en preadolescentes y la resolución de conflictos interpersonales

Resumo: Pesquisas têm evidenciado relações entre estratégias de resolução de conflitos e variáveis como idade, sexo, nível socioeconômico e cultura. Porém, a relação das estratégias com aspectos do funcionamento psicológico como o autoconceito tem sido pouco investigada, especialmente na pré-adolescência. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a existência de relações entre as estratégias de resolução de conflitos de pré-adolescentes e o seu autoconceito. Estas foram analisadas por meio das respostas dos participantes sobre o que fariam em situações de conflito descritas no Children's Action Tendency Scale (CATS). O questionário contém dez situações de conflito, ao final dos quais se pede que seja descrita a reação a cada uma. O autoconceito foi avaliado por meio das respostas dos participantes às vinte afirmações da Escala Multidimensional de Autoconceito para pré-adolescentes (AF5) sobre autoconceito e relações interpessoais. Os dados obtidos passaram por testes de correlação, verificando-se a associação entre estratégias como a assertiva e dimensões do autoconceito.

Abstract: Studies have shown relationships between conflict resolution strategies and variables including age, socioeconomic status, sex, and culture. However, the relationship between these strategies and aspects of psychological functioning such as self-concept has been little investigated, especially in pre-adolescence. This research aimed to verify the existence of relationships between the conflict resolution strategies reported by pre-adolescent children and their self-concept. The strategies were analyzed by the participants' answers about what they would do in ten conflict situations described in a questionnaire. These answers were categorized according to the type of reaction informed. Self-concept was assessed using the participants' responses to the 20 statements from the AF5 Self-Concept Questionnaire on self-concept and interpersonal relationships. The data obtained were tested for correlation, verifying the association between reported strategies such as assertiveness and self-concept dimensions.

Résumé : La recherche a montré des relations entre stratégies de résolution des conflits et des variables telles qu'âge, sexe, et culture. Cependant, la relation entre les stratégies et des aspectes du fonctionnement psychologique tels que concept de soi a été peut étudié, notamment à la préadolescence. Cette recherche visait à vérifier l'existence de relations entre les stratégies de résolution de conflits rapportées par les préadolescents et leur concept de soi. Les stratégies ont été vérifiées à travers les réponses des participants sur ce qu'ils feraient dans des situations conflictuelles décrites dans le Children's Action Tendency Scale, Le questionnaire contient dix situations conflictuelles et on leur a demandé de décrire leur réaction à chacune d'elles. Le concept de soi a été mesuré à travers de réponses des participants à l'Échelle multidimensionnelle du concept de soi pour des préadolescents sur leur autoreprésentation et leur relations interpersonnelles. Les données obtenues ont été soumis à des tests de corrélation, vérifiant la relation entre les stratégies rapportées comme la afirmation et la dimension du concept de soi.

Resumen: Estudios han demostrado las relaciones entre las estrategias de resolución de conflictos y las variables como edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico y cultura. Sin embargo, la relación de estas estrategias con aspectos del funcionamiento psicológico como el autoconcepto ha sido poco investigada, sobre todo en cuanto a la adolescencia. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprobar la existencia de relaciones entre las estrategias de resolución de conflictos de preadolescentes y su autoconcepto. Las estrategias se analizaron desde las respuestas de los participantes sobre qué harían en situaciones de conflictos descritas en Children's Action Tendency Scale . El cuestionario contiene diez situaciones de conflicto, y el participante describía su reacción ante la situación. El autoconcepto se evaluó mediante las respuestas de los participantes a veinte afirmaciones de la Escala Multidimensional de Autoconcepto para preadolescentes respecto al autoconcepto y relaciones interpersonales. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a pruebas de correlación para comprobar si existe relación entre algunas estrategias, como la asertividad y las dimensiones del autoconcepto.

Dependência emocional em relacionamentos conjugais: possíveis fatores e consequências / Emotional dependency in marital relationships: possible factors and consequences / Dependencia emocional en las relaciones matrimoniales: posibles factores y consecuencias / Dépendance émotionnelle dans les relations conjugales : facteurs et conséquences possibles

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é abordar as características da dependência emocional e apresentar como ela afeta os relacionamentos interpessoais e influencia negativamente a saúde mental dos indivíduos acometidos. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, ancorada em materiais científicos da área psicológica. Os resultados mostraram um indicativo de maior dependência emocional nas mulheres e o sentimento de culpa, medo do abandono, vazio emocional, despersonalização, ansiedade e depressão como principais consequências da dependência. Em muitas situações ocorre a violência doméstica, e a permanência da mulher dependente ao lado do parceiro agressor contribui para manutenção do ciclo da violência. Assim, torna-se imprescindível abordar o assunto nas discussões sociais, buscando a conscientização sobre a dependência emocional e a importância do cuidado com a saúde mental do dependente, no intuito de evitar ou tratar o problema.

Abstract: This study characterizes emotional dependency and demonstrates how it affects interpersonal relationships, negatively influencing the affected individual's mental health. A narrative review was conducted on scientific publications in Psychology, which indicated greater emotional dependency among women. Guilt, fear of abandonment, emotional emptiness, depersonalization, anxiety and depression were the main consequences of dependency. Domestic violence occurs in many instances, and its cycle is maintained by the dependent woman staying with the aggressor. Addressing the issue in social discussions is essential to raise awareness about emotional dependency and the importance of taking care of the dependent's mental health in order to avoid or treat dependency.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es abordar las características de la dependencia emocional y mostrar cómo esto afecta a las relaciones interpersonales e influye negativamente en la salud mental de las personas afectadas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa, basada en materiales científicos en el campo psicológico. Los resultados mostraron un indicio de una mayor dependencia emocional en las mujeres, y las principales consecuencias de la dependencia fueron sentimiento de culpa, miedo al abandono, vacío emocional, despersonalización, ansiedad y depresión. En muchas situaciones ocurre la violencia doméstica, y la permanencia de la mujer dependiente al lado de la pareja agresora contribuye al mantenimiento del ciclo de violencia. Por ello, es fundamental abordar el tema en las discusiones sociales, buscando concientizar sobre la dependencia emocional y la importancia del cuidado de la salud mental del dependiente, con el fin de evitar o tratar la dependencia.

Résumé : Cette étude caractérise la dépendance émotionnelle et montre comment elle affecte les relations interpersonnelles, en influençant négativement la santé mentale des personnes affectées. Une revue narrative des publications scientifiques dans la Psychologie a été réalisée, laquelle a indiqué une plus grande dépendance émotionnelle chez les femmes. Culpabilité, peur de l'abandon, vide affectif, dépersonnalisation, anxiété et dépression sont les principales conséquences de la dépendance. Violences conjugales sont communs dans plusieurs situations, et la permanence de la femme dépendante au côté du agresseur maintien le cycle de violence. Il est essentiel d'aborder la question dans de discussions sociales pour sensibiliser à la dépendance émotionnelle et à l'importance de prendre soin de la santé mentale de la personne dépendante afin d'éviter ou de traiter la dépendance.

Beethoven y su sobrino: El peligro que es el otro

1). La vida de Ludwig van Beethoven experimentó un cambio existencial al morir su hermano y dejar a su hijo Karl en tutoría compartida con su madre Johanna. 2). Casi sin haber tenido relación con su sobrino, se desencadena una necesidad emocional intensa e inesperada de convertirse en su único tutor, objetivo que consigue derrotando legalmente a su madre. 3). La relación Beethoven-Karl se desarrolla plagada de disputas, vigilancia, exigencias, control, como si el compositor viviera por vez primera lo que siempre se había negado, llegar a ser padre. 4). El intento de suicidio del sobrino le señala a Beethoven que convertirse en padre significa permitir que el hijo llegue a ser diferente a las arrogantes y desmesuradas ambiciones y expectativas personales, pero esta señal extrema fue insuficiente para hacerle entender que el otro siempre es un peligro porque muestra una verdad oculta intolerable y dolorosa del propio sí-mismo.

Ludwig van Beethoven's life underwent an existential change when his brother died and left his son Karl in shared tutorship with his mother Johanna. 2. Almost without having had any relationship with his nephew, an intense and unexpected emotional need to become his sole guardian is triggered, an objective that he achieves by legally defeating his mother. 3. The Beethoven-Karl relationship develops plagued by disputes, surveillance, demands, control, as if the composer were experiencing for the first time what he had always denied himself, becoming a father.4. The nephew's suicide attempt points out to Beethoven that becoming a father means allowing the son to become different from the arrogant and inordinate personal ambitions and expectations, but this extreme signal was insufficient to make him understand that the other is always a danger because it shows a hidden and painful truth of one´s own self.

Alma Gêmea: Adaptação da Romantic Beliefs Scale / Alma gemela: Adaptación de la Romantic Beliefs Scale / Soul mate: Adaptation of the Romantic Beliefs Scale

Resumo A Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) foi desenvolvida para acessar crenças sobre romantismo, que podem impactar na formação e qualidade de relacionamentos românticos. Tais crenças podem ser acessadas por meio de quatro fatores que representam o amor romântico ideal, sendo elas: Um e único, Idealização, Amor à primeira vista e Amor encontra uma maneira. Este estudo buscou evidências de validade para a RBS em um contexto brasileiro baseadas na estrutura interna e relações com as variáveis satisfação com o relacionamento e personalidade (Cinco Grandes Fatores e Investimento Emocional). Responderam a um questionário on-line 818 brasileiros com média de idade de 30,7 anos (DP= 14,1), sendo 73,2% mulheres. A escala apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna do instrumento e na relação com outras variáveis, e melhor ajuste a um modelo de fator de segunda ordem explicando os quatro fatores da escala original. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre os fatores da RBS-Brasil e os fatores de personalidade Extroversão, Socialização e Realização, a Satisfação com o relacionamento e o Investimento emocional.

Abstract The Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) was developed to assess beliefs about romanticism, that can impact the formation and quality of romantic relationships. These beliefs can be assessed using four factors that represent the ideal romantic love, which are: One and only, Idealization, Love at first sight, and Love finds a way. This study sought evidence of validity for the RBS in a Brazilian context based on internal structure and relationships with the variables relationship satisfaction and personality (Big Five Factors and Emotional Investment). A total of 818 Brazilians with an average age of 30.7 years (SD= 14.1) responded to an online questionnaire, of which 73.2% were women. The scale showed satisfactory evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relation with other variables, and best fit to a second-order factor model explaining the four factors of the original scale. Positive correlations were found between the factors of RBS and personality factors Extraversion, Agreeableness and Consciousness, Relationship satisfaction and Emotional investment.

Resumen La Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) fue desarrolló para evaluar las creencias sobre el romanticismo, las cuales pueden afectar la formación y calidad de las relaciones románticas. Estas creencias pueden ser accedidas a través de cuatro factores que representan el amor romántico ideal, los cuales son: Único, Idealización, Amor a primera vista y Amor encuentra un camino. Este estudio buscó evidencias de validez para el RBS en un contexto brasileño basadas en la estructura interna y relaciones con variables como la satisfacción con la relación y la personalidad (Cinco Grandes Factores e Inversión Emocional). Respondieron a un cuestionario 818 brasileños con una media de edad de 30.7 años (DE= 14.1), de los cuales el 73.2% eran mujeres. La escala mostró evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna del instrumento y en la relación con otras variables, y un mejor ajuste a un modelo factorial de segundo orden que explica los cuatro factores de la escala original. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre los factores de RBS-Brasil y los factores de personalidad Extraversión, Amabilidad y Realización, así como con la Satisfacción con la relación e Investidura emocional.

Effectiveness of an Interpersonal Influence Intervention to Increase Commitment to Adopt Health-Promoting Behavior in Nursing Students.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of the "interpersonal influence intervention" conducted by health professionals to increase the commitment to adopt health-promoting behavior in nursing students compared to the usual care of a university wellness program. Patients and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was performed. The study included 114 nursing students from a university in Cali, Colombia, who were divided into a control group (n = 57) that received usual care and an experimental group (n = 57) that received the intervention designed and validated according to Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model. The main outcome was the lifestyle measured before and after the test using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Spanish version. The effect of the intervention was carried out through the average comparison, effect size measures were calculated using Cohen's d and analysis of the effect of possible confounding variables on the intervention (ANCOVA). Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the experimental group and the control group (p = 0.015; 95% CI -0.42, -0.05). The effect size of the intervention was 0.49. The interpersonal influences exhibited by health professionals can increase the commitment to adopt health-promoting behaviors (Hypothesis 1), and the greater the commitment to a specific action plan, the more likely it is that health-promoting behaviors will be maintained over time (Hypothesis 2). Conclusion: The effectiveness of the intervention interpersonal influences exerted by health professionals to increase the commitment to adopt health-promoting behavior is proven. Evidence demonstrates the practical utility of the Health Promotion Model.

Changes in attachment dimensions during the treatment of acute post-traumatic stress disorder in sexually assaulted Brazilian women.

Introduction: Attachment patterns are established during early childhood; however, extreme experiences throughout life may change this structure, either toward attachment security or insecurity. We analyzed changes in attachment dimensions in women with acute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following sexual assault, that were randomized to a 14-week treatment with either the medication sertraline or Interpersonal Psychotherapy. Methods: Seventy-four adult women who presented significant reduction in PTSD symptoms across the trial responded to the Revised Adult Attachment Scale at baseline, on week 8 of treatment, and at the end of the trial, on week 14. We fitted a generalized linear model to explain the attachment anxiety and avoidance scores at baseline. A generalized linear mixed model investigated how attachment dimensions changed over time. Socioeconomic data, treatment type, history of childhood trauma, and PTSD severity over the 14-week period were the considered covariates. Results: At baseline, attachment anxiety was associated with a history of early trauma. Attachment anxiety remained stable during the follow-up. Attachment avoidance, on the other hand, significantly increased from baseline to week 14. Higher avoidance was observed in patients with higher total PTSD scores and on the cluster of hyperarousal symptoms. Races other than White (black, mixed-race, or Asian) and younger age were associated with higher attachment avoidance. Discussion: Contrary to our expectations, attachment avoidance increased during follow-up, indicating changes in the interpersonal realm beyond the symptoms of PTSD.

Gênero e violência nos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais entre adolescentes / Gender and violence in affective-sexual relationships among adolescents

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as relações entre gênero e violência nos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes. Para tanto, foram realizados grupos focais com 29 adolescentes, estudantes do 9o ano do ensino fundamental e EJA de três escolas públicas de uma cidade no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes tinham entre 13 e 17 anos de idade. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à Análise Temática Reflexiva, o que possibilitou a elaboração de dois temas. No primeiro, a violência apresentou-se como ferramenta para a construção das masculinidades. A violência física ocupa um lugar central no imaginário desses jovens, sendo uma via de descarga para agressividade, bem como uma prática sujeita a sanções legais. No segundo tema, a violência evidenciou-se como um dispositivo de coerção e amedrontamento das meninas adolescentes. Foi possível observar que as situações de violência são onipresentes nas vivências das adolescentes, sendo mais intensas no contexto dos relacionamentos e após o término. Conclui-se que a violência é um importante marcador das desigualdades de gênero nos relacionamentos entre adolescentes, colocando as meninas adolescentes em situação de desvantagem em relação aos meninos.

The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between gender and violence in adolescents' affective-sexual relationships. Focal groups were carried out with 29 adolescents, students of the 9th year of elementary school and EJA from three public schools in a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The participants were between 13 and 17 years old. The collected data were submitted to Reflexive Thematic Analysis, which allowed the elaboration of two themes. In the first theme, violence was a tool for the construction of masculinities. Physical violence particularly occupies a central place in the imagination of these adolescents, being a way of discharge for aggression, as well as a practice subject to legal sanctions. In the second theme, violence was a tool of coercion and intimidation of adolescent girls. It was possible to observe that situations of violence are omnipresent in the experiences of adolescents, being more intense in the context of relationships and after the breakup. We conclude that violence is an important marker of gender inequalities in relationships between adolescents, placing adolescent girls at a disadvantage compared to boys.

Comunicación interpersonal de médicos-docentes en las prácticas formativas de un pregrado de medicina

Introducción: La comunicación es una competencia esencial en los currículos médicos, y es fundamental en modelos de atención centrados en el paciente. Las prácticas clínicas, eje en la formación médica, son escenarios de interacciones docente-estudiantes-pacientes; en ellas, los estudiantes aprenden a comunicarse con el paciente de la mano de sus profesores. El objetivo del estudio fue comprender la comunicación de médicos-docentes en prácticas clínicas de un pregrado de medicina. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa desde el marco interpretativo del interaccionismo simbólico y el análisis bajo los lineamientos de la teoría fundamentada. Se entrevistaron quince médicos docentes de cursos clínicos. Las entrevistas se grabaron, transcribieron y codificaron por unidades de sentido. Resultados: Del análisis emergen diferentes visiones del estudiante e interés por los elementos comunicativos con este y el paciente y la reflexión de la práctica docente. Los docentes son conscientes del rol de modelaje para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes; consideran a los pacientes como seres vulnerables, generosos, agradecidos, que representan el recurso más valioso para la enseñanza; con ellos desarrollan su doble misión de resolver problemas de salud y enseñar. Conclusiones: Los docentes, en la interacción con los estudiantes y pacientes, transforman una práctica más instruccional y disciplinar a una centrada en los sujetos y sus necesidades. La regulación del currículo y la normativa de las instituciones de salud genera tensiones a los docentes entre el quehacer médico y el deseo de enseñar.

Introduction: Communication is an essential skill in medical curricula and crucial in patient-centered care models. Resident experience is fundamental in medical training. These experiences offer teacher-student-patient interactions where students learn about doctor-patient communication directly from their preceptors. The objective of the study was to understand doctor-teacher communication during clinical practices in an undergraduate medical program. Methodology: Qualitative research undertaken from the interpretive framework of Symbolic Interactionism andanalysis under Grounded Theory guidelines. Fifteen (15) clinical-course medical doctors were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by meaning units. Results: Different student views emerged, including student interest in student-patient communicative aspects as well as their own thoughts on teaching. Teachers are aware of their role as models in student learning; they see patients as vulnerable, generous, grateful people that represent the most valuable asset in their teaching endeavor; with them, teachers develop their dual mission, that is, solving health-related problems and teaching. Discussion and conclusions: During their interaction with students and patients, teachers transform an essentially instructional and disciplined practice into one centered on the patient and their needs. The stress doctors face when addressing the medical task itself versus their desire to teach is compounded by curriculum guidelines and health agency norms. This is, in fact, part of the hidden curriculum that influences student learning

Interpersonal Violence and Maxillofacial Injuries: Toward an Active Surveillance Proposal Through the Presentation Profile in Hospital Emergency Services.

To establish a set of variables that define a predictive profile of events of maxillofacial trauma resulting from interpersonal violence, we analyzed sociodemographic variables and clinical characteristics of injuries recorded in three tertiary care hospital centers in Chile. To assess the relation between categories, we applied a multiple correspondence analysis. We identified 567 cases. Two dimensions explained 53.4% of the model. The first dimension was composed of variables related to the severity of the injury: medical-legal prognosis (.574), type of trauma (.511), and the destination of the patient (.332); the second dimension was composed of variables related to the typology of interpersonal violence: type of violence (.398) and sex of the patient (.370). Two profiles were recognized: women, victims of domestic violence, with lesions affecting mainly soft tissues and not requiring hospitalization and men, victims of community violence, with lesions involving fractures associated with greater severity and requiring hospitalization. There are two key dimensions in the diagnosis of maxillofacial trauma resulting from interpersonal violence: severity of the injury and typology of the interpersonal violence. Exploring these predictive profiles can be a useful complement to the current screening tools of violence in clinical practice.