Quality of Mother-child Dialogue About Emotional Events, Coping and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Children Exposed to Interpersonal Trauma.

Children exposed to traumatic events are at increased risk for developing symptoms of a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Children often discuss emotional, and therefore also traumatic, events in their lives with their parents, and the quality of these discussions can facilitate coping and further development. The study aim was 1) to explore whether the association between the quality of dialogue between mothers and children about emotional events and children's posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) might be indirectly linked through children's adaptive coping skills, and 2) whether this association differed when discussing different negative emotions. 169 mother-child dyads with interpersonal trauma-exposure (86% domestic violence, 14% mother and/or child sexually abused) participated in the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue (AEED). Quality of mother-child emotion dialogue, captured in maternal sensitive guidance and child cooperation, and approach-oriented coping were coded from transcripts. PTSS was measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. Lower quality of mother-child emotion dialogue was associated with less approach-oriented coping and more symptoms of posttraumatic stress. There was an indirect effect of approach-oriented coping with angry feelings linking quality of mother-child emotion dialogue and child PTSS. Children's symptoms of posttraumatic stress were reflected in the quality of mother-child dialogues about traumatic and other emotional events. Findings support that dialogues about emotional events may be a promising target for intervention with children exposed to trauma.

"É muito peso para uma pessoa só": narrativas interativas de adolescentes sobre o (des) acolhimento institucional / "Too much weight for one person": interactive narratives of teenagers about the loss of an institutional shelter / "Fue demasiado peso para una persona sola": narrativas interactivas de adolescentes sobre la pérdida del refugio institucional

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a experiência emocional de 14 adolescentes abrigados frente a possibilidade de desabrigamento considerando a usual permanência prolongada do adolescente na situação de acolhimento institucional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa psicanalítica em que adotamos uma Narrativa Interativa (NI) em duas entrevistas coletivas seguidas de uma reflexão sobre o tema investigado, além de uma entrevista individual seguida de um momento de reflexão com uma adolescente que não teve a oportunidade de participar do grupo. A análise do material narrativo resultou em campos de sentido afetivo-emocional. Destacamos o campo emblemático "É muito peso para uma pessoa só", que descortina os sucessivos desabrigamentos e o consequente desamparo vividos pelos jovens como resultados da sobreposição de vulnerabilidades que cercam a vida dos participantes.

The aim of this study is to understand the emotional experience of 14 sheltered adolescents in the face of the possibility of helplessness considering the usual prolonged stay of the adolescent in the institutional shelter situation. This is a qualitative psychoanalytic research in which we adopted an Interactive Narrative (NI) in two group interviews and one individual interview followed by a reflection on the theme investigated, in addition to an individual interview, followed by a moment of reflection with a teenager who did not have the opportunity to participate in the group. The analysis of narrative material resulted in fields of affective-emotional meaning. We highlight the emblematic field "It's too much weight for one person", which reveals the successive homelessness episodes and the consequent helplessness experienced by the young people as a result of the overlapping vulnerabilities that surround the participants' lives.

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la experiencia emocional de 14 adolescentes protegidos ante la posibilidad de quedarse sin hogar considerando la prolongada estadía habitual del adolescente en la situación del refugio institucional. Esta es una investigación psicoanalítica cualitativa en la que adoptamos una Narrativa Interactiva (NI) en dos entrevistas grupales y una entrevista individual seguida de una reflexión sobre el tema investigado, además de una entrevista individual seguida de un momento de reflexión con una adolescente que no tuvo la oportunidad de participar en el grupo. El análisis del material narrativo resultó en campos de significado afectivo-emocional. Destacamos el campo emblemático "Es demasiado peso para una persona sola", que revela la sucesiva falta de vivienda y la consecuente impotencia experimentada por los jóvenes como resultado de las vulnerabilidades superpuestas que rodean las vidas de los participantes.

Violencia intrafamiliar contra mujeres de Santiago de Cuba / Intrafamilial Violence against Women from a Medical Office in Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: La violencia de género representa en la actualidad un grave problema para la humanidad y afecta a todos los países y a millones de personas, sobre todo a mujeres y niñas. Objetivo: Caracterizar a las mujeres que sufren violencia intrafamiliar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el Consultorio Médico de Familia No. 12 del Policlínico Docente Ramón López Peña, del municipio Santiago de Cuba, en el período noviembre 2018 a junio 2019. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por 378 mujeres de 15 años y más, y la muestra por 43 féminas que sufrían algún tipo de violencia. Se les aplicó un cuestionario. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, escolaridad, nivel ocupacional, estado conyugal, tipo de abuso y familiar perpetrador de la violencia. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencia absolutas y porcentaje. Los datos se procesaron en el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11.0. Los resultados obtenidos se muestran en tablas y gráficos, para facilitar su comprensión y análisis. Resultados: Se evidenció que 43,6 por ciento perteneció al grupo de edad de 20 a 35 años; 53,4 por ciento era ama de casa, predominó la unión consensual (55,9 por ciento), el nivel superior medio (48,8 por ciento), la violencia física (41,9 por ciento), perpetrada por el esposo o pareja (44,2 por ciento) y 53,5 por ciento no tuvo percepción del acto. Conclusiones: Fue frecuente la presencia de violencia contra las mujeres, acto que involucraba al resto de la familia. Las féminas no tenían percepción de que eran maltratadas, y eran en su mayoría amas de casa sometidas a la voluntad de su pareja(AU)

Introduction: Gender-related violence currently represents a serious problem for humanity and affects all countries and millions of people, especially women and girls. Objective: To characterize women who suffer domestic violence and from a family medical office in Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in the family medical office # 12 of Ramón López Peña Teaching Polyclinic of Santiago de Cuba Municipality, in the period from November 2018 to June 2019. The study universe consisted of 378 women aged 15 years and more. The sample was made up of 43 women who suffered some type of violence. A questionnaire was applied to them. The variables studied were age, schooling, occupational level, marital status, type of abuse and relative perpetrator of violence. For processing the information, absolute frequency and percentage distributions were used. The data were processed using the statistical package SPSS (version 11.0). The results obtained are shown in tables and graphs, to facilitate their understanding and analysis. Results: It was evidenced that 43.6 percent belonged to the age group 20-35 years. 53.4 percent; were housewives. There was a predominance of consensual union (55.9 percent), senior-high schooling (48.8 percent), and physical violence (41.9 percent), perpetrated by the husband or partner (44, 2 percent), while 53.5 percent had no perception of the act. Conclusions: The presence of violence against women was frequent, an act that involved the rest of the family. The women had no perception that they were mistreated. They were mostly housewives subjected to the will of their partner(AU)

Violência doméstica e rompimento conjugal: repercussões do litígio na família / Domestic violence and conjugal breakup: repercussions of the litigation in the family

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a violência doméstica associada ao rompimento conjugal. Foram entrevistados 12 sujeitos, 10 homens e duas mulheres, recrutados diretamente em comunidades virtuais do Facebook que atuam como grupos de apoio para pais que lutam na justiça para obter a guarda compartilhada dos filhos. Os participantes relataram dificuldades de manutenção dos laços parentais após o rompimento da relação conjugal, associadas à violência doméstica vivenciada após a decisão de separação conjugal. Dentre os principais tipos de violência relatados, ressalta-se a violência física, a sexual e a psicológica. Conclui-se que a compreensão do fenômeno da violência associada ao rompimento conjugal pode contribuir para a proteção psicológica dos filhos e para a desconstrução de modelos de violência familiar.(AU)

The present article is part of a broader research on the experience of parents who fight for the shared custody of their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate domestic and intrafamilial violence associated to the conjugal breakup. The authors interviewed 12 subjects - 10 men and two women - recruited directly online, from Facebook communities that serve as a support network for parents that dispute in court the shared custody of their children. The participants mentioned difficulties in maintaining parental bonds after the breakup of the conjugal relationship, a process accompanied by an increase of violence between family members. Among the main types of violence mentioned, the authors highlight physical, sexual and psychological violence. The authors conclude that the comprehension of the violence phenomenon associated to the conjugal breakup may contribute not only to the psychological protection of children but also to the deconstruction of models of family violence.(AU)

The association of intrafamilial violence against children with symptoms of atopic and non-atopic asthma: A cross-sectional study in Salvador, Brazil.

This study aims to describe the types of intrafamilial violence perpetrated against children according to living conditions, family factors, and child characteristics, and to identify the association between types of intrafamilial violence and asthma symptoms in atopic and non-atopic children. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1,370 caregivers as part of the Social Changes, Asthma and Allergy in Latin America (SCAALA) study, conducted in 2006 in Brazil. The study population was selected by random sampling. The main outcome measures were atopic and non-atopic asthma. We investigate the association between intrafamilial violence and asthma symptoms in atopic and non-atopic children. A backward multivariate logistic polytomous regression was performed to verify the main association. Nonviolent discipline (NVD) and maltreatment nonviolent discipline (MNVD) were positively associated with non-atopic asthma symptoms (NVD: odds ratio (OR)=1.95/95% confidence interval (CI)=1.17-3.25; MNVD: OR=1.95/95% CI=1.19-3.20). However, for the most severe intrafamilial violence, this association was not found after control of potential confounders. This study demonstrates the effect of types of intrafamilial violence on non-atopic asthma. Intrafamilial violence against children represents one more component in the determination of non-atopic asthma in Latin America.

Conjugal violence: a comparison of violence against men by women and women by men.

Because few studies demonstrated the types of violence performed by women, the aim of our study was to access violence men against women as well as women against men. A retrospective study was performed based on all the medical certificates for victims who consulted our centre specialized in assault victims. Eleven percent of the victims were men (81 men, 626 women). Episodes of violence were most often repeated against women than men (p < 0.05). Injuring, in most cases mild, were more frequently found in men than women (p < 0.01). They were primarily cutaneous in 66% of cases (85% men, 64% women) and severe in 5% of cases i.e. fractures, with no difference in gender. Three cases of sexual assault and one case of chemical submission was observed in women. Insults were made more often by men than by women (p < 0.002). A psychological impact was more frequently found in women than in men (p < 0.01). The duration of the total incapacity (incapacité totale de travail = ITT) was less than 0-3 days in most cases, and this occurred more often in 91% men than in 65% women (p < 0.01). Consultations for domestic violence occur less frequently in men than in women. Men present more often with injuries that are less severe compared to those observed in women. In contrast, the psychological impact is less frequent in men. Also episodes of violence were most often repeated when the aggressor was a man.

Violencia intrafamiliar (VIF): Quinchao, Chiloé (Chile) / Intrafamilial violence (IFV): Quinchao, Chiloe (Chile)

Objetivo: Caracterizar los nuevos episodios de VIF durante el 2008 en la Comuna de Quinchao, provincia de Chiloé. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo, en el cuál se analizaron las denuncias por VIF en Carabineros y en Tribunal Mixto durante el 2008. Se utilizó información de Carabineros, y de los archivos de causas procesadas y sentencias dictadas en dicho Tribunal. Resultados: De 231 acusaciones presentadas al Tribunal de Familia, 90 correspondieron a delitos por VIF. De este número, 36 no finalizaron el proceso judicial. Treinta y ocho casos presentaron VIF psicológica, agregándose física en 16 de ellos. Destaca que 43 de las 54 acusaciones presentaron consumo de alcohol concomitante. En relación al género, la mayoría de los agresores son hombres y la mayoría de las relaciones victima-victimario son de pareja (38/54).Conclusiones: Los resultados no son comparables a los nacionales por la metodología empleada. Sin embargo pudieran entrever rasgos de la idiosincrasia local, como son patrones de violencia masculina perpetuados, en parte, por el aislamiento geográfico.

Objective: To characterize the new episodes of IFV in 2008 in the Commune of Quinchao of the Province of Chiloé. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study; charges of intrafamilial violence brought to the police and to the relevant judicial court during 2008 were analyzed. We utilized official information from the local police station and from the court files on cases and verdicts. Results: Of all the 231 accusations presented to the Family Court, 90 (90/231) concerned to intra familiar violence crimes. From this number, 36 of them didn’t finish the judicial process. Thirty eight presented psychological violence and 16 also had physical violence. Notably, in 43 of the se 54 cases accusations were alcohol consumption involved. Relating to the gender, most of the aggressors were men and most of the relationships between the victim and the aggressor were a couple (38/54). Conclusions: the results are similar to the national ones, but show some noveltys: the population study idiosyncrasy presents patterns of masculine violence perpetuated, in part, by the geographic isolation of the area.

A representação social de família dos conselheiros tutelares do município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro / The social representation of family of the council members of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro

O objetivo desta dissertação foi entender a representação social de família dos conselheiros tutelares da cidade de Niterói, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esta representação social foi correlacionada ao atendimento diário, realizado pelos conselheiros tutelares, de casos de violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes no município aludido. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo-descritivo, abordou a representação social de família dos conselheiros tutelares por meio de idéias associadas a núcleos de sentido, os quais foram analisados, através da metodologia da análise de conteúdo temática, a partir das seguintes categorias de análise: 1) A religião dos conselheiros tutelares; 2) Família moderna e pós-moderna; e 3) Dispositivos sociais da violência e do abuso. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com 12 conselheiros tutelares. Foram selecionados membros dos Conselhos Tutelares I e II com mandato vigorado entre 2003 e 2007. Também foram selecionados membros do Conselho Tutelar III com mandato iniciado em 2005 e com término em 2008. A análise da religião dos conselheiros permitiu o entendimento desta última como uma estrutura valorativa, promotora de algum nível de estabilidade emocional, isto frente à complexidade e intensidade que envolve seu trabalho. Representa, para eles, um pilar, que lhes permite a construção de condições necessárias para o adequado atendimento das famílias, assim como para a administração de sua vida pessoal. Já os núcleos de sentido abordados pela categoria de análise definida como família moderna e pós-moderna, mostraram o ideal da família nuclear possuído pelos conselheiros tutelares. Eles exibiram muitas dificuldades para reconhecer outras configurações e dinâmicas familiares destoantes do modelo nuclear de família. Através desta visão por demais tradicional, avaliavam e julgavam as famílias por eles atendidas em seu trabalho...

The purpose of this dissertation was the insight into the social representation offamily of Tutelary Council members, in Niterói city, state of Rio de Janeiro. Such social representation was correlated with daily childcare, carried out by the counselors, on cases of intrafamilial violence against children and teenagers in the mentioned city.The research, of qualitative and-descriptive nature, broached the social representation of family from the perspective of the counselors by means of ideas related to cores of sense, which were analyzed by the methodology of the thematic content analysis from the following groups of analysis: 1) The religion of the counselors; 2) Modern and postmodern family; and 3) Social gadgets of the violence and abuse.Data were collected in semi-structured interviews carried out with 12 counselors. The selected interviewed worked as members of the Tutelary Council I and II between the years 2003 and 2007, as well as the members of the Tutelary Council III who started in 2005 finishing in 2008.The analisys of the religion of each counselor provided the understanding of it as a substantial struture, suplying some level of emotional strength, even in face of the complexity and intensity that envolve their work. That represents a buttress to the counselors that allows them the construction of necessary conditions to the proper assintance to the families, as well as the managing of their own lives. On the other hand, the cores of sense broached in the group of analysis defined as modern and postmodern family, indicated the same ideal of the core family as that ofthe counselors. They presented many difficulties to recognize another structures and familiar routines different from the core model of family. By their traditional point of view, the counse...

Experiências de violência intrafamiliar entre adolescentes em conflito com a lei / Experiences of intrafamiliar violence between adolescents in conflict with the law

O presente estudo tem como objeto discutir experiências de violência intrafamiliar relatadas por adolescentes autores de ato infracional no Estado da Bahia em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação. Revisa aspectos normativos relacionados com o grupo infanto-juvenil e apresenta os resultados de uma investigação realizada em convênio com a Vara da Infância e da Juventude da cidade do Salvador. Considera-se a importância de políticas públicas de apoio à família na perspectiva dos direitos humanos, com foco no crescimento e desenvolvimento do grupo infanto-juvenil. A condição de vulnerabilidade enfrentada pelos adolescentes é relacionada ao necessário esforço que deve ser empreendido conjuntamente pela família, pela comunidade e pelo Estado para respeitar sua dignidade como pessoa humana.(AU)

The present study aims to discuss experiences of intrafamilial violence reported by adolescents who have committed infractions in the State of Bahia and are abiding by a socio-educational measure of internment. It reviews normative aspects related to the adolescent group and presents the results of an investigation carried out through an agreement with the Children and Youth Court of the city of Salvador. The article approaches the importance of public policies that provide support for the family in the perspective of the human rights, focusing on the growth and development of the adolescent group. The condition of vulnerability faced by the adolescents is related to the necessary effort that must be jointly undertaken by the family, the community and the State to respect their dignity as human beings.(AU)

Características psicológicas del hombre golpeador de su compañera permanente, residente en la ciudad de Bucaramanga / Psychological characteristics of the male beater of their female partner, residing in city of Bucaramanga, Colombia

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las características de personalidad de los hombres golpeadores de la compañera permanente. MÉTODO: 50 agresores re-gistrados en la Fiscalía General de la Nación se evaluaron por medio de las pruebas BFQ y IMAFE, y por entrevista cualitativa estructurada. RESULTADOS: Los hombres agresores puntuaron "muy bajo" en cultura, información, cooperativismo, cordialidad, altruismo, amistad, genero-sidad y empatía; "bajo" en reflexión, escrupulosidad, orden, diligencia, perseverancia, dinamismo y energía; y "muy alto" en sumisión, ser taci-turno, ansiedad, vulnerabilidad, emotividad, impulsividad, impaciencia e irritabilidad. La mayoría identifican los rasgos de pasividad, timidez, inseguridad, emotividad, sumisión como culturalmente asociados al ser femenino. En la entrevista cualitativa se estableció que atribuyen como causas de su comportamiento a circunstancias externas y aje-nas a voluntad, como la situación económica, el abuso del alcohol o el comportamiento de la compañera; consideran sus actos violentos como producto del entorno socio-cultural y de las circunstancias ambientales, no identificándose como responsables de la agresión contra su compañera. CONCLUSIÓN: El hombre agresor de la compa-ñera permanente es conservador, apegado a los valores patriarcales y resistente al cambio, lo que se reflejan en sus características de personalidad y en los sentidos y significados que le atribuye al com-portamiento violento. Probablemente esto puede reflejar sentimientos homofóbicos y misogínicos producto de crisis de identidad de género y del proceso de construcción de la masculinidad, en la medida en que no responden a las exigencias que la cultura patriarcal le plan-tea al "macho". [Aguilera A.Características psicológicas del hombre golpeador de su compañera permanente. MedUNAB 2004; 7:73-83]

Psychological characteristics of the male beater of their female partner, residing in city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the personalities of the male beater of their female partner. METHOD: We evaluate, by means of BFQ / IMAFE tests, 50 convicted aggressors, registered by the Attorney General Office. We also in-terviewed them. RESULTS: Aggressors had very low marks in general culture, information, cooperativism, cordiality, altruism, friendship, generosity and empathy. They showed a low marks in reflexion, order, and in being meticulous, diligent, perseverant, as wells as, in being energetic and dynamic. High marks in submission, and in being anxious, vulnerable, emotive, impulsive, impatient and irritable. The vast majority identifies the above symptoms as culturally associate with feminism. It is clear through the interview that the economical stability, alcohol abuse or their female partner plays an important role to explain their behavior. They do not consider themselves as being violent with their female partner, rather they blame upon their cultural, social and economical status, as being the direct responsible for beating women. CONCLUSIONS: The female aggressor, usually, is a man with traditional ideas, paternal values and resistant to changes. This will be reflected upon his personality characteristics and the meaning he has for his violent behavior. Probably this may, also, reflects a homophobic and misogynist feelings, which, usually, is a product of gender identity and in the process of building his masculinity, no responding, also, to the request from the "macho" pattern asked by his paternal culture