Psychometric Adaptation of a Brief Scale of Child-to-Parent Violence and Intrafamily Violence in Peruvian Adolescents.

Family violence is a critical public health problem in Latin America. In Peru, family violence continues to be difficult to detect and prevent, with child-to-parent violence (CPV) arising as a key issue. This study aimed to do a psychometric adaptation of a brief scale of evaluation of CPV and intrafamily violence in a sample of Peruvian adolescents. Our study analyzed internal structure, internal consistency (with depression, family satisfaction, and anxiety), convergent validity, and measurement invariance. The study population included 570 adolescents living with both parents (50.2% women). Adequate goodness-of-fit indices were found for the full version of CPV and intrafamily violence of nine items (CFI = 0.991; RMSEA = 0.053) and the version with only CPV of six items (CFI = 0.995; RMSEA = 0.074). The latent correlations between CPV with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were greater than 0.40. Our study found that the full version of CPV and intrafamily violence (nine items) and the CPV-only version (six items) were invariant by sex. Reliability was adequate in all cases (ω > 0.70). The scale presents evidence of validity and reliability in Peruvian adolescents. It is suitable for epidemiological research on family violence.

Violencia intrafamiliar en familias con niños en edad prescolar de un consultorio médico / Intrafamily Violence in Families with Children at Preschool Aged from a Family Medical Office

Introducción: La violencia intrafamiliar ocurre en el interior de la familia y, por lo general, la ejercen uno o varios miembros contra otros; casi siempre las víctimas son mujeres, ancianos y niños. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado actual de la violencia intrafamiliar en familias con niños en edad prescolar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Consultorio Médico de Familia No. 1, poblado de Cuatro Caminos perteneciente al Policlínico Docente Mártires del 10 de abril, Corralillo, Villa Clara, de enero del 2020 a junio del 2021. La población estuvo constituida por 66 familias y la muestra por 64, según muestreo no probabilístico por criterio. Para la recogida de la información se utilizaron cuestionario y observación a las familias en estudio. Resultados: Presencia de violencia intrafamiliar (32,8 por ciento), familias extensas (70,3 por ciento), hacinamiento (14,1 por ciento), malas relaciones entre los adultos (66,6 %), maltrato en la niñez (66,6 por ciento) manifestaciones psicológicas: padres ausentes físicamente (57,1 por ciento), violencia psicológica (100 por ciento), violencia física (66,6 por ciento) y violencia sexual (42,9 por ciento). Conclusiones: Las malas relaciones entre los adultos, el maltrato en la niñez y los padres ausentes físicamente son asociados a la violencia intrafamiliar. La violencia psicológica estuvo presente en la totalidad de las familias. Las mayores cifras de tipos de violencia fueron en la familia extensa(AU)

Introduction: Intrafamily violence occurs within the family and is generally exercised by one or several members against others; almost always, the victims are women, the elderly or children. Objective: To characterize the current state of domestic violence in families with preschool children. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in the family medical office 1, in the neighborhood of Cuatro Caminos, belonging to the Policlínico Docente Mártires del 10 de Abril, in Corralillo Municipality, Villa Clara Province, from January 2020 to June 2021. The population consisted of 66 families and the sample was made up of 64, according to nonprobabilistic sampling by criteria. For the collection of information, a questionnaire and the observation method were used with the families under study. Results: There was presence of intrafamily violence (32.8percent) extended families (70.3percent), overcrowding (14.1percent), poor relationships between adults (66.6percent) and child abuse (66.6percent). The psychological manifestations were related to physically absent parents (57.1percent), psychological violence (100%), physical violence (66.6percent) and sexual violence (42.9percent). Conclusions: Poor relationships between adults, childhood abuse and physically absent parents are associated with intrafamily violence. Psychological violence was present in all families. The highest numbers of types of violence occurred in the extended family(AU)

Exposure to violence in childhood and risk of violence in adult schizophrenia: Results from a multinational study.

This study investigated the connection between childhood violence exposure and violent behavior in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The case-control study included 398 SSD patients: 221 cases with a history of severe interpersonal violence in the past and 177 controls with no history of violence. The findings indicated that cases were significantly more likely to report childhood exposure to all forms of witnessed or personally sustained violence both within and outside the family, with those who had witnessed intra-familial violence being more likely to assault a family member in adulthood. Cases reported exposure to violence before the age of 12 years significantly more frequently than controls, and those with early-life violence exposure were significantly more likely to report that they were in a state of intense anger when they behaved violently. A dose-response relationship was observed, with evidence of an increased risk of later violence when the exposure occurred before the age of 12 and an increased likelihood of intrafamilial violence. The evidence suggests that childhood violence exposure was associated with an increased risk of violent behavior in adult SSD patients, and early exposure was linked to an increased likelihood of physical violence occurring in states of intense anger.

[Multidisciplinary primary care management of victims of domestic violence]. / Prise en charge pluridisciplinaire en soins primaires de victimes de violences intrafamiliales.

Victims of domestic violence, who may be women, children or men, require comprehensive care. The team at the Simone-Veil multi-professional health center, located in Pontarlier (25), offers them an innovative follow-up that brings together health, mental health and social professionals, law enforcement agencies and associations involved in this issue, with the support of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté regional health agency, thus creating a territorial network.

[Coordination of different parties in the management of intrafamily violence]. / Coordination des intervenants dans la prise en charge des violences intrafamiliales.

Alès-Cévennes hospital identifies within each of its departments health professionals to lead the care of users concerned by intrafamily violence. They act as a sentinel within their units and facilitate the coordination of the care pathway. The emergency department plays a leading role in structuring the project. The maternity unit offers consultations designed specifically for victims. The aim is to put in place personalised care matching as closely as possible the needs of each user in a systemic approach to their pathway.

Contribuição da literatura sobre a temática violência e saúde nos 25 anos da Ciência & Saúde Coletiva / Contributions to the literature on violence and health in 25 years of the Brazilian public health Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

Resumo Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre a temática violência e saúde publicada na revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva/RC&SC, no período de 1996 a 2019. A busca também incluiu dois periódicos nacionais (Cadernos de Saúde Pública/CSP e Revista de Saúde Pública/RSP) e dois internacionais ("American Journal of Public Health/AJPH" e "Pan American Journal of Public Health/PAJPH"), totalizando 1.179 artigos localizados. A análise agregou o acervo de cada periódico em onze temas, segundo afinidade conceitual. Para os artigos da C&SC foram analisadas variáveis como: ano da publicação, área do conhecimento, região da instituição, abrangência do estudo, método empregado e população alvo. A análise identificou que a revista deu visibilidade à temática, destacando-se dos demais periódicos a partir de 2009. Causas externas, grupo de crianças e adolescentes, estudos quantitativos, com abrangência municipal e nacional e instituições localizadas na região Sudeste preponderaram. Há lacunas de temas relevantes como automutilação, populações vulneráveis, entre outros, sobre os quais se deveriam incentivar estudos e publicações.

Abstract The authors conducted a literature review on the theme of violence and health published in the Brazilian public health journal "Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" (C&SC) from 1996 to 2019. The search also included two other Brazilian journals, "Cadernos de Saúde Pública" (CSP) and "Revista de Saúde Pública" (RSP) and two international journals, the "American Journal of Public Health" (AJPH) and the "Pan American Journal of Public Health" (PAJPH), totaling 1,179 articles. The analysis aggregated each journal's material in eleven themes, based on conceptual affinity. For the articles from C&SC, the authors analyzed variables such as year of publication, area of knowledge, institution's region, study scope, methodology, and target population. The analysis found that C&SC gave visibility to violence and health, standing out from the other journals since 2009. External causes, children and adolescents, quantitative studies, municipal and national scope, and institutions located in the Southeast region of Brazil predominated. There are gaps in topics such as self-mutilation and vulnerable populations, among other areas where more studies and publications should be encouraged.

Análisis de las políticas públicas sobre violencia intrafamiliar en Colombia: Abordaje de acuerdo a la función y el sentido del fenómeno violento dentro la familia / Analysis of public policies on intrafamily violence in Colombia: Approach according to the function and meaning of the violent phenomenon within the family

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar en Colombia las políticas públicas (leyes) relacionadas con la intervención de la violencia intrafamiliar (VIF) a partir de las concepciones de función y sentido de la violencia en la familia. Se hace una revisión crítica de las leyes (políticas públicas) sobre la VIF más importantes en el ámbito nacional colombiano, con el fin de identificar las características más comunes que impiden o dificultan un mejor abordaje del fenómeno violento y se esbozan alternativas que podrían superarlas. Se concluye que la forma en que se ha concebido la violencia intrafamiliar y la intervención que se ha derivado de ella ha dificultado comprender la función y el sentido que tiene la violencia dentro de los vínculos familiares y ha impedido intervenciones más eficientes en el interior de las familias.

Abstract The goal of this paper is to analyze the Colombian public policies (laws) related to the intervention on the interdomestic violence (IDV), starting for the conceptions of function and the meaning of domestic violence. The first section contains a critical review on legislation (public policies) about the IDV, more importantly in the national ambit of Colombia: law 294 of 1996 of the IDV law (reformed for the law 575 of 2000), and law 1257 of 2008, from which several laws have developed, regarding sensitization, prevention and sanction of different ways of violence and discrimination against women. Also, the penal code and the penal procedure were also reformed, and law 294 of 1996 and other dispositions were dictated. This public policies are reviewed critically, with the final purpose of identifying the common features that prevent or make the approach of the violent phenomenon more difficult. In this sense, the weaknesses of the public policies that exist in Colombia for the intervention on the IDV are found to be: 1.- state actions (public policies) imply the traditional conception that violence equals aggression; 2.- it is necessary and possible to eradicate the violence from the family ties. 3.- derived from the above, a sanction and penal emphasis are made as the best way to eradicate IDV; 4.- it is considered that the principal victim f this phenomenon it is the women, whence, in the public politics it is predominant the conception of a single gender, both in its conception and in its intervention; 5.- the conciliation processes are used as the best mechanism for supervision of the IDV, and finally, 6.- in public politics it is first the informative perspective, characterized for show a traditional conception of violence through psychosocial interventions, trainings and educational material; it concludes, in this section, that the understanding, explanation and intervention of the violent phenomenon has been dominated for a traditional conception of violence that, matching it with aggression or pretending its eradication, sustains the public politics strategies in the intervention of IDV of Colombia. In the second part f this paper work, and with the finality of showing the implication of the way that is conceived the violence present in the characteristics of the public politics here addressed is conceived the family as a composite system for elements of symbolic character that are articulated each from certain structure principles; said principles are: incompleteness of the system, lack of identity of the elements, covariance of the elements and dynamism of the system. The above, offers the basis for pointing the possible consequences of the law, that, as a public policies promote a particular way of contextualize and intervene IDV and allow to analyze the implications of the public policies from a renewed way of understanding the function and the sense of the violent phenomenon inside the family. This implications allow to consider: the consequences about public policies and its impact on IDV the compare violence and aggression, the impossibility of eradicate the IDV, it is consider that the penal sanction is insufficient in the IDV intervention, the consequences of the primacy of the perspective of a single gender in public policies on IDV, it is reflected that the conciliation processes do not allow to understand the complex role played by the IDV, and finally, it is considered necessary to overcome the merely informative perspective on the IDV; At the same time, alternatives are outlined that could overcome these weaknesses. It is concluded that the way in which IDV has been conceived and the intervention that has derived from it, has made it difficult to understand the function and meaning of violence within family ties and has prevented more efficient interventions within the family.

Notificação de violência intrafamiliar na perspectiva de enfermeiros e médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família / Notification of intrafamily violence from the perspective of nurses and doctors of the Family Health Strategy

A violência, além de um problema social, policial e/ou de justiça, constitui também um importante problema de saúde pública. Dentre as violências que afligem a população, de forma representativa, a violência intrafamiliar, assunto complexo e frequente, apresenta prevalência mais alta do que muitas patologias, tendo imensa invisibilidade e afetando a sociedade de forma contínua. Afeta em especial mulheres, crianças, adolescentes, idosos e portadores de deficiência. Entende-se que a notificação de violências interpessoais e autoprovocadas é uma das ações de vigilância em saúde, sendo um passo importante para a construção de medidas protetivas às pessoas que vivenciam situações de violência. A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) por sua proximidade, vínculo e atenção à saúde da população assistida, torna-se uma grande potência no que diz respeito à identificação da violência intrafamiliar e sua notificação. Considerando esse panorama, objetivamos com este estudo descrever a percepção de enfermeiros e médicos da ESF da AP. 3.1 do município do Rio de Janeiro, sobre as principais manifestações de violência identificadas no contexto intrafamiliar; discutir a percepção de enfermeiros e médicos sobre a notificação de violência intrafamiliar e analisar os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores na realização das notificações de violência intrafamiliar por profissionais da ESF. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, que teve como participantes enfermeiros e médicos atuantes na ESF. O cenário da pesquisa foi um Centro Municipal de Saúde (CMS) localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Na análise de dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Como resultados, emergiram duas grandes categorias: Perspectivas das manifestações de violência intrafamiliar por enfermeiros e médicos da ESF e Percepção de enfermeiros e médicos da ESF sobre a notificação de violência intrafamiliar. Os principais grupos populacionais atingidos pela violência intrafamiliar foram: mulheres, crianças e adolescentes e idosos, respectivamente. Na caracterização das principais formas de manifestação de violência, foram identificadas, nesta ordem: violência física, seguida da violência verbal/moral, negligência/abandono, violência sexual e violência psicológica. A notificação de violência foi considerada uma forma de cuidar. Discussões sobre os fatores que influenciam notificação da violência levantaram considerações sobre o que facilita e o que dificulta a realização da notificação pelos profissionais

Violence, besides being a social, police and/or justice problem, is also an important public health problem. Among the violences afflicting the population, in a representative form, intrafamily violence, a complex and frequent issue, has higher prevalence than many diseases, having immense invisibility and affecting society continuously. It affects, in particular, women, children, adolescents, the elderly and people with disabilities. It is understood that the notification of interpersonal and self-inflicted violence is an action of health surveillance, being an important step for the construction of protective measures to persons who experience violence situations. The Family Health Strategy (FHS), for its proximity, bond and attention to the population's health, becomes a major power regarding the identification and notification of intrafamily violence. Considering this panorama, the aim of this study is to describe the perceptions of nurses and doctors from the FHS in Rio de Janeiro's Programmatic Area 3.1 on the main expressions of violence identified in the domestic context; to discuss the perceptions of nurses and doctors about the notification of domestic violence and to examine the facilitating and hindering factors in carrying out the notification of domestic violence by the Family Health Strategy's professionals. This is an exploratory research with qualitative approach, whose participants were nurses and doctors active in the FHS. The research scenario was a municipal Health Centre located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In the data analysis, it was used the content analysis proposed by Bardin. As a result, two broad categories emerged: Prospects of intrafamily violence demonstrations by FHS's nurses and doctors and Perception of FHS's nurses and doctors on the notification of domestic violence. The main population groups affected by intrafamily violence were: women, children and adolescents, and elderly, respectively. The main forms of violence manifestations have been identified in this order: physical violence, followed by verbal/moral violence, neglect/abandonment, sexual violence and psychological violence. The violence notification was considered a form of care. Discussions on the factors that influence the notification of violence raised considerations on factors that facilitate and factors that hinder the realization of the notification by the professionals.

[Psychopathology of intrafamily violence]. / Psychopathologie des violences intrafamiliales.

Intrafamily violence is a major public health problem, due to its frequency and the severity of its consequences. The aim is to establish links between violence and psychopathology, for the perpetrators as well as the victims. Data reveal a higher frequency of certain mental health disorders and history of abuse in the perpetrators, without it being systematic. It is important to adopt a global and multidisciplinary approach, and a holistic perspective faced with the people concerned by these acts. Health professionals, from the social sector and associations must therefore work together in a network to manage and attempt to prevent crisis situations.

[Hold or traumatic dissociation at work]. / L'emprise ou la dissociation traumatique à l'œuvre.

For professionals confronted with intrafamily violence, being aware of the phenomena of the hold of the perpetrator and understanding its devastating psychotraumatic mechanisms are key to being able to provide better protection, information and care to the victims. Their behaviour, which seems paradoxical, arouses doubts and sometimes even brings into question the victims, when they are actually suffering from traumatic dissociation and memory of the violence.

¿Qué hacer en el postconflicto para alcanzar la paz en el seno de la familia colombiana? / What to do in the post-conflict period to achieve peace within the colombian family? / O que fazer no postconflicto para alcançar a paz na grande família colombiana?

El artículo de reflexión analiza la violencia en el seno de la familia, si se quiere lograr una paz real en Colombia en el postconflicto. La violencia en Colombia tiene un fuerte acervo cultural en el modelo patriarcal, donde el hombre posee el poder absoluto; él es dueño de la mujer y de los niños. Este acervo cultural es fuente de violencia en la familia y la ejerce el hombre hacia los demás miembros de la familia. La familia perdura en el tiempo, se configura de diversas maneras, pero se encuentra permeada por la violencia. Así, el espacio familiar es el más peligroso para mujeres y niños. Y por los altos índices de violencia en el seno de la familia, esta se convierte en un problema de salud pública. Los altos costos de la violencia en familia empobrece al pueblo colombiano. Aunque se han hecho proyectos para disminuir la violencia en familia, el hombre se adapta a las nuevas exigencias y situaciones sociales y presenta resistencia al cambio, él mantiene el poder sobre la mujer y los niños. En este contexto de violencia en el seno de la familia, el Estado debe garantizar la formación familiar, para recuperar a cada miembro de la familia, su interioridad, sus valores morales, el buen vivir, el bien actuar, la ética de la virtud, la prudencia. Es la posibilidad de ir progresivamente transformando la cultura, de una violenta hacia una de paz y felicidad en familia.

The article of reflection analyzes the violence within the family if we want to achieve a real peace in Colombia in the post-conflict. Violence in Colombia has a strong cultural heritage in the patriarchal model where man possesses absolute power, he is owner of the woman and the children. This cultural heritage is a source of violence in the family and it is exercised by the man towards the other members of the family. The family lasts over time, it is configured in different ways, but it is permeated by violence. Thus, the family space is the most dangerous for women and children. And because of the high rates of violence within the family, this becomes a public health problem. The high costs of family violence impoverish the Colombian people. Although projects have been made to reduce family violence, the man adapts to new demands and social situations and he is resistant to change, he maintains power over woman and children. In this context of violence within the family, the State must guarantee family formation, to recover each member of the family, their interiority, their moral values, good living, good acting, virtue ethics, and prudence. It is the possibility to be transforming progressively the culture, from a violent towards one of peace and happiness as a family.

O artigo de reflexão analisa a violência dentro da família se quisermos alcançar uma paz real na Colômbia no pós-conflito. A violência na Colômbia tem uma forte herança cultural no modelo patriarcal onde o homem tem poder absoluto, ele é o dono de mulheres e crianças. Esta herança cultural é uma fonte de violência na família e é exercida pelos homens em relação aos outros membros da família. A família dura com o tempo, se configura de maneiras diferentes, mas é permeada pela violência. Assim, o espaço familiar é o mais perigoso para mulheres e crianças. E por causa das altas taxas de violência dentro da família, isso se torna um problema de saúde pública. Os altos custos da violência familiar empobrecem o povo colombiano. Embora projetos tenham sido feitos para reduzir a violência familiar, o homem se adapta a novas demandas e situações sociais e é resistente à mudança, ele mantém o poder sobre as mulheres e crianças. Neste contexto de violência dentro da família, o Estado deve garantir a formação da família, recuperar cada membro da família, sua interioridade, seus valores morais, boa vivência, boa atuação, ética da virtude, prudência É a possibilidade de transformar progressivamente a cultura, de violenta para a paz e a felicidade como família.

Violência de gênero: comparação da mortalidade por agressão em mulheres com e sem notificação prévia de violência / Gender violence: a comparison of mortality from aggression against women who have and have not previously reported violence

Resumo A violência contra a mulher constitui um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o perfil de mortalidade por agressão em mulheres e analisar se as vítimas de violência notificadas apresentam taxas de mortalidade por esse motivo mais elevadas do que a população feminina geral. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo da mortalidade por agressão em mulheres, a partir do linkage de bancos de dados. Os dados utilizados para o linkage foram todas as notificações de violência contra mulheres registradas no SINAN (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) no período de 2011 a 2015 e os óbitos de mulheres por agressão registrados no SIM (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade), no período de 2011 a 2016. O risco de morte por agressão nas mulheres notificadas por violência foi maior do que na população feminina geral, revelando assim uma situação de vulnerabilidade. Mulheres negras, de menor escolaridade foram as principais vítimas de violência e homicídios. O elevado número de mulheres mortas por agressão e a violência de repetição revelaram a fragilidade das redes de atenção e proteção no atendimento integral, qualificado e oportuno às vítimas.

Abstract Violence against women is an important public health problem in Brazil and in the world. The objective of the present study was to describe the profile of mortality due to aggression against women, and analyze whether the victims of reported violence are more likely to die from aggression than the general female population. This is a descriptive study of mortality due to aggression against women, from database linkage. The databases used for linkage were SINAN Brazil's Notifiable Diseases Information System (reports of violence against women) (2011 - 2015), and SIM, the Mortality Information System (women dying as a result of aggression) (2011 - 2016). The risk of death due to aggression among women previously reporting violence is higher than in the general female population, thus revealing a situation of vulnerability. Black women with lower schooling are the main victims of violence and homicides. The large number of women killed by aggression and repeated violence reveal the fragility of the care and protection networks in providing comprehensive, qualified and timely care for victims.

Cinema e violência contra a mulher: contribuições à formação do psicólogo clínico / Cinema and violence against women: contribution to the formation of clinical psychologist / El cine y la violencia contra las mujeres: contribución a la formación de psicólogo clínico

Os objetivos da pesquisa foram analisar filmes comerciais/ficcionais sobre Violência Contra a Mulher (VCM), buscando caracterizar encenações desse fenômeno. A seleção dos filmes foi sistemática e realizada em sites especializados no assunto (AdoroCinema, Cinepop etc.), cruzando termos como "violência" e "mulher" (N= 19). A análise pressupôs três passos: observação das películas; lançamento de dados observados em planilhas; relação de frequências simples de encenações sobre VCM com aspectos teóricos apontados pela literatura especializada (enfoque quanti-qualitativo). Os agressores eram estranhos (n= 11, 39%), maridos (n= 9, 33%), namorados (n= 4, 14%) e outros (n= 4, 14%). Houve encenações de violência psicológica (n= 19, 27%), física (n= 18, 25%), sexual (n= 16, 22%), moral (n= 12, 16%) e patrimonial (n= 7, 10%). As representações fílmicas focaram indícios gerais de traumatização psíquica nas personagens (n= 17, 37%). Os filmes estudados são ilustrativos da realidade das mulheres em contextos de violência; enquanto tais, podem ser convertidos em ferramenta didática ampliadora de debates e reflexões sobre questões de gênero e sobre promoção de saúde em contexto de VCM.

The research objectives were analyze business /fictional films about Violence Against Woman (VAW). The selection of films was systematic and carried out in specialized sites on the subject (AdoroCinema, Cinepop etc.), across terms like "violence" and "woman" (N= 19). The analysis assumed three steps: observation of motion pictures; data entry observed in spreadsheets; simple frequency ratio concerning VAW scenarios with theoretical aspects pointed out by the literature (quantitative and qualitative approach). The aggressor were strangers (n= 11, 39%), husbands (n= 9, 33%), boyfriends (n= 4, 14%) and others (n= 4, 14%). There were performances of the following types of violence: psychological (n = 19, 27%), physical (n= 18, 25%), sexual (n= 16, 22%), moral (n= 12, 16%) and patrimonial (n= 7, 10%). The filmic representations showed general signs of psychological traumatization in characters (n = 17, 37%). The studied films are illustrative of the reality of women in situations of violence; as such can be converted to amplifying teaching tool for discussion and reflection on gender issues and on health promotion in the context of VAW.

Los objetivos de la investigación fueron analizar las películas de ficción sobre Violencia Contra las Mujeres (VCM), buscando caracterizar escenarios de este fenómeno. La selección de las películas era sistemática y lleva a cabo en los sitios especializados en la materia, a través de términos como "violência" y "mujer" (N= 19). El análisis supone tres etapas: la observación de las películas; la entrada de datos observados en las hojas de cálculo; relación de frecuencias simples de las representaciones del VCM con aspectos teóricos señalados por la literatura (enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo). Los atacantes eran desconocidos (39%), esposos (33%), novios (14%) y otros (14%). Había un escenario psicológico (27%), física (25%), el sexo (22%), la moral (16%) y el resto (10%). Las representaciones fílmicas mostraron signos generales de traumas psicológicos en caracteres (37%). Las películas estudiadas son ilustrativos de la realidad de las mujeres en situación de violencia; como tal, se puede convertir en la amplificación de herramienta de enseñanza para el debate y la reflexión sobre temas de género y en la promoción de la salud en el contexto de VCM.

Violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: Revisão sistemática / Intrafamily violence against the elderly: Systematic review

Essa revisão sistemática de literatura foi realizada em bases de periódicos nacionais, entre Junho/2015 e Fevereiro/2016, utilizando os descritores: «violência intrafamiliar e idoso¼ e «maus-tratos e idoso¼, com a finalidade de identificar as frequências dos estudos, anos de publicações, principais dificuldades da rede e como o problema da violência é percebido pelos participantes dos estudos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos sobre violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, identificando dificuldades e formas de enfrentamento encontradas pela rede de proteção ao idoso vítima de violência. No método, utilizaram-se como critérios de seleção: artigos que abordassem a temática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos, não duplicidade e publicações nacionais. Foram identificados 17 artigos distintos, publicados entre 2007 e 2014. Os resultados apontaram como principais dificuldades no que se refere ao enfrentamento da problemática da violência intrafamiliar contra idosos: subnotificação, ausência de fluxo entre os órgãos da rede de proteção, falta de preparo das equipes de saúde para lidar com a problemática e carência de estrutura para se trabalhar com esta demanda. Já no que se refere às formas de enfrentamento mais recorrentes, as estratégias mais apontadas foram: articulação entre os serviços de proteção à pessoa idosa, fortalecimento do apoio ao idoso e sua família, investimento na capacitação dos profissionais de saúde e ações voltadas para a atenção ao cuidador.

This systematic review of the literature was carried out on a national journals basis, between June / 2015 and February / 2016, using the descriptors: «intrafamily violence and elderly¼ and «mistreatment and elderly¼, in order to identify the frequencies of the studies, years of publications, major difficulties of the network and how the problem of violence is perceived by the study participants. In this sense, the objective was to characterize the studies about domestic violence against the elderly, identifying difficulties and forms of confrontation found by the network of protection to the elderly victims of violence. In the method, it was used as selection criteria: papers that address with the issue of intrafamily violence against the elderly, non-duplicity and national publications. A total of 17 differentpapers were identified, published between 2007 and 2014. The results showed as main difficulties in dealing with the problem of intrafamily violence against the elderly: underreporting, absence of flow between components of the protection network, lack of preparation of health teams to deal with the problem and deficit in the structure to work with this demand. Regarding the recurrent forms of confrontations, the most indicated strategies were articulation between services for the protection of the elderly, strengthening support for the elderly and their families, investment in the training of health professionals, and actions directed to the attention of thecaretaker.

Plantão psicológico na delegacia da mulher: experiência de atendimento sócio-clínico / Psychological duty in women's police station: experience of social medical care / Plantón psicológico en la comisaría de la mujer: experiencias de atendimiento medico-social

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência do projeto de extensão universitária realizado a partir da parceria entre o curso de Psicologia e a Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM), em cidade do interior de Goiás. Desse modo, almeja problematizar as práticas psicológicas nessa instituição. São ofertadas orientações e acolhimento, na modalidade de plantão psicológico, a sujeitos em situação de violência. Embora a maioria dos atendimentos tenha ocorrido com mulheres adultas que sofreram violência doméstica, constatou-se elevada incidência de crianças vítimas de violência sexual, ambas perpetradas por pessoas com vínculo familiar ou de afeto. O projeto tem-se efetivado como espaço de promoção dos direitos da população em contexto de violência e lócus de formação profissional para os estudantes.

This article presents an experience report of a university extension project conducted through a partnership between the Psychology undergraduate course and the Specialized Police for Assistance to Women (DEAM) within the state of Goiás. Thus, it aims to discuss the psychological practices in that institution. Guidelines and reception are offered in psychological duty mode, to people in situations of violence. Although most patients were adult women who have experienced domestic violence, it was found high incidence of children victims of sexual violence, perpetrated both by relatives or affectively close people. The project has been an effective space to promote people's rights in the context of violence and vocational training locus for students.

Este artículo presenta un relato de experiencia de un proyecto de extensión universitaria llevada a cabo a través de una asociación entre el curso de Psicología y la Policía Especializada en Atendimiento a las Mujeres (DEAM) en la ciudad de Goiás. De esta manera, tiene como objetivo problematizar las prácticas psicológicas en esta institución. Son ofrecidas orientaciones y acogimiento en el modo de plantón psicológico, a sujetos en situaciones de violencia. A pesar de la mayoría de los atendimiento ser producido con mujeres adultas que habían sufrido violencia doméstica, se encontró una alta incidencia de niños víctimas de violencia sexual, perpetrados por personas con vínculo familiar o afectivo. El proyecto se ha hecho efectivo como un espacio de promoción de los derechos de las personas en el contexto de violencia así como un locus de formación profesional para los estudiantes.

Plantão psicológico na delegacia da mulher: experiência de atendimento sócio-clínico / Psychological duty in women's police station: experience of social medical care / Plantón psicológico en la comisaría de la mujer: experiencias de atendimiento medico-social

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência do projeto de extensão universitária realizado a partir da parceria entre o curso de Psicologia e a Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM), em cidade do interior de Goiás. Desse modo, almeja problematizar as práticas psicológicas nessa instituição. São ofertadas orientações e acolhimento, na modalidade de plantão psicológico, a sujeitos em situação de violência. Embora a maioria dos atendimentos tenha ocorrido com mulheres adultas que sofreram violência doméstica, constatou-se elevada incidência de crianças vítimas de violência sexual, ambas perpetradas por pessoas com vínculo familiar ou de afeto. O projeto tem-se efetivado como espaço de promoção dos direitos da população em contexto de violência e lócus de formação profissional para os estudantes.

This article presents an experience report of a university extension project conducted through a partnership between the Psychology undergraduate course and the Specialized Police for Assistance to Women (DEAM) within the state of Goiás. Thus, it aims to discuss the psychological practices in that institution. Guidelines and reception are offered in psychological duty mode, to people in situations of violence. Although most patients were adult women who have experienced domestic violence, it was found high incidence of children victims of sexual violence, perpetrated both by relatives or affectively close people. The project has been an effective space to promote people's rights in the context of violence and vocational training locus for students.

Este artículo presenta un relato de experiencia de un proyecto de extensión universitaria llevada a cabo a través de una asociación entre el curso de Psicología y la Policía Especializada en Atendimiento a las Mujeres (DEAM) en la ciudad de Goiás. De esta manera, tiene como objetivo problematizar las prácticas psicológicas en esta institución. Son ofrecidas orientaciones y acogimiento en el modo de plantón psicológico, a sujetos en situaciones de violencia. A pesar de la mayoría de los atendimiento ser producido con mujeres adultas que habían sufrido violencia doméstica, se encontró una alta incidencia de niños víctimas de violencia sexual, perpetrados por personas con vínculo familiar o afectivo. El proyecto se ha hecho efectivo como un espacio de promoción de los derechos de las personas en el contexto de violencia así como un locus de formación profesional para los estudiantes.

Género como factor asociado a sufrir determinado tipo de violencia / Gender as an associated factor for suffering certain types of violence

La violencia es una forma de relación social que produce un profundo daño en el desarrollo psicosocial de las personas, en la expresión de sus múltiples capacidades y salud mental integral. El objetivo del estudio es caracterizar la violencia de género en pacientes adultos y adultas del servicio ambulatorio de la Cátedra de Psiquiatría de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Estudio trasversal, descriptivo en el que se realizó la revisión retrospectiva de 254 fichas clínicas de pacientes atendidos para psicoterapia entre 2010 y 2013. La mayoría de los pacientes 70,1% (n=178) era de sexo femenino; 48% (n=121) proveniente de la capital; 65,3% (n=166) de estado civil soltero; 37% (n=93) tenía entre 19 a 25 años y 29% (n=73) 26 a 35 años; 27,5% (n=70) sufrió violencia psicológica, 5,5% (n=11) violencia física, 21% (n=54) psicológica y física, 3,5% (n=9) abuso sexual, 10,6% (n=27) abuso sexual, violencia física y psicológica, 3,1% (8) abuso sexual y violencia psicológica, 2,4% (n=6) otras combinaciones. Se encontró asociación entre ser mujer y víctima de abuso (p=0,0011) y violencia parental (p=0,02) y ser varón con violencia fuera del hogar (p=0,008) y una tendencia a sufrir violencia por abandono o negligencia. Se encontraron distintas formas de violencia padecida por los hombres y mujeres consultantes. Hubo una clara violencia de género en mujeres víctimas de abuso, y en varones violencia fuera del ámbito doméstico.

Violence is a form of social relation causing a deep damage in the psycho-socialdevelopment of people in the expression of their multiple capacities and comprehensivemental health. The objective was to characterize gender violence in adult male and femalepatients of the outpatient service of the Department of Psychiatry.: Cross-sectionaldescriptive study that analyzed 254 clinical records of patients that receivedpsychotherapy care between 2010 and 2013. Most patients were female, 70.1% (178);from the capital, 48% (121); single 65.3% (166); 37% (93) was between 19 to 25 yearsold and 29% (73) between 26 to 35 years, 27.5% (70) suffered psychological violence,5.5% (11) physical violence, 21% (54) psychological and physical violence, 3.5% (9)sexual abuse, 10.6% (27) sexual abuse, physical and psychological violence, 3.1% (8)sexual abuse and psychological violence, 2.4% (6) others combinations, 5.1% (13) notype of violence, 22% (56) without information at the time of the study. There was association between being a woman and abuse victim (p=0,0011) and parent violence(p=0,02) and a trend between being a man and suffering neglect (p=0.008).: Male andfemale patients suffered different forms of violence. There was clear gender violence infemale victims of abuse and in men violence outside of the domestic environment.

Sistema de vigilancia contra la violencia intrafamiliar / Surveillance system against intrafamily violence

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal, analítica y combinada de campo sobre el terreno de los individuos que sufrieron algún tipo de violencia en el medio familiar, pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2014, a fin de identificar las situaciones de riesgo de la violencia intrafamiliar, para lo cual se emplearon diferentes técnicas. Entre las situaciones de riesgo figuraron: ruptura imprevista de relaciones con vecinos, cambio de patrones de comportamiento, escándalos repentinos en el hogar y familiares con lesiones físicas sin causa convincente. Las condiciones significativas fueron familia disfuncional, baja escolaridad, hacinamiento y situación económica crítica; por tanto, se hizo necesaria la creación de un sistema de vigilancia en salud mental contra este tipo de violencia, que permitiera detectar cambios en la población y establecer las modificaciones necesarias durante su implementación.

A descriptive, cross-sectional, analytic and combined investigation on the environment of the individuals who suffered from some type of violence in their families, belonging to "Julián Grimau García" University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the 2014, in order to identify the risky situations of intrafamily violence, for which different techniques were used. Among the risky situations there were: accidental rupture of relationships with neighbours, change of behaviour patterns, sudden scandals in the home and family with physical lesions without convincing cause. The significant conditions were dysfunctional family, low school level, hacination and critical economic situation; therefore, the creation of a surveillance system in mental health against this type of violence is necessary, allowing to detect changes in the population and to establish the necessary modifications during its implementation.

Contribuição winnicottiana à terapêutica dos traumas de violência intrafamiliar: intervenção institucional / Winnicottian contribution to trauma therapy of intrafamily violence: institutional intervention

A violência intrafamiliar é um problema que ocorre em todas as regiões do mundo. Em 2007, o UNICEF identificou que cerca de 275 milhões de crianças eram testemunhas desse tipo de violência. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de intervenção baseado na teoria winnicottiana e adotados pelo Programa Acolher e pelos Centros de Convivência da Criança e do Adolescente no atendimento dos casos de pessoas que vivenciaram situações de violência intrafamiliar, no município de Arujá-SP. Este trabalho foi realizado com base no método psicanalítico (Naffah, 2006) e por meio da observação participante nestes serviços. Com esse estudo pôde-se perceber que estes serviços desenvolveram um trabalho em rede e atuaram terapeuticamente, possibilitando o fortalecimento dos profissionais destes serviços, bem como a continuidade do processo de amadurecimento das crianças atendidas.

Intra-family violence is a problem that occurs all over the world. In 2007, UNICEF established that nearly 275 million children have witnessed this kind of violence. This paper aims to analyze an intervention process based on Winnicott’s theory, adopted by the Welcome Program and by the Living Together Centers for Children and Adolescents in the care of people who have experienced family violence in the city of Arujá-SP. The work carried out is based on the psychoanalytic method (Naffah, 2006) and participant observation of these services. This study showed that these services have fostered networking and have had a therapeutic effect, allowing for the strengthening of these professional services as well as the development process of the children implicated.

Contribuição winnicottiana à terapêutica dos traumas de violência intrafamiliar: intervenção institucional / Winnicottian contribution to trauma therapy of intrafamily violence: institutional intervention

A violência intrafamiliar é um problema que ocorre em todas as regiões do mundo. Em 2007, o UNICEF identificou que cerca de 275 milhões de crianças eram testemunhas desse tipo de violência. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de intervenção baseado na teoria winnicottiana e adotados pelo Programa Acolher e pelos Centros de Convivência da Criança e do Adolescente no atendimento dos casos de pessoas que vivenciaram situações de violência intrafamiliar, no município de Arujá-SP. Este trabalho foi realizado com base no método psicanalítico (Naffah, 2006) e por meio da observação participante nestes serviços. Com esse estudo pôde-se perceber que estes serviços desenvolveram um trabalho em rede e atuaram terapeuticamente, possibilitando o fortalecimento dos profissionais destes serviços, bem como a continuidade do processo de amadurecimento das crianças atendidas.(AU)

Intra-family violence is a problem that occurs all over the world. In 2007, UNICEF established that nearly 275 million children have witnessed this kind of violence. This paper aims to analyze an intervention process based on Winnicott’s theory, adopted by the Welcome Program and by the Living Together Centers for Children and Adolescents in the care of people who have experienced family violence in the city of Arujá-SP. The work carried out is based on the psychoanalytic method (Naffah, 2006) and participant observation of these services. This study showed that these services have fostered networking and have had a therapeutic effect, allowing for the strengthening of these professional services as well as the development process of the children implicated.(AU)