Patentes otorgadas a las universidades peruanas en el campo de la biomedicina. 2010 a 2020

Introducción: La patente es un título de propiedad industrial otorgado por el Estado al inventor de un nuevo producto o tecnología, susceptible de ser comercializado para obtener ganancias de forma exclusiva a un plazo de tiempo determinado. Objetivo: Determinar el número de patentes otorgadas a las universidades peruanas en el campo biomédico de 2010 a 2020, en comparación con la producción de otros inventores. Material y método: Este estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo y transversal analizó 73 patentes provenientes de un universo de 759, obtenidas de la base de datos del Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual en el Perú, de 2010 a 2020. Para comparar el número de patentes otorgadas a las universidades respecto a otros inventores, se aplicó la prueba del Chi Cuadrado de Pearson con la corrección de continuidad de Yates. Resultados: En el Perú, durante 2010 a 2020 se han otorgado 759 patentes, de las cuales 73 pertenecen al campo biomédico (9,61 %), de los cuales las universidades han generado 24,66 %; es decir 2,47 % del total. Además, las universidades presentaron diferencias significativas de producción de patentes (p = 0,019) en comparación a otros autores. Conclusiones: En el campo biomédico, la producción de patentes en las universidades peruanas ha sido muy limitadas desde 2010 a 2020. Además, las universidades presentaron significativamente menor producción de patentes en comparación a otros inventores, observándose que desde 2016, no se les ha otorgado ninguna patente de invención en el campo biomédico.

Introduction: A patent is an industrial property title granted by the State to the inventor of a new product or technology, susceptible of being marketed for profit on an exclusive basis for a determined period of time. Objective: To determine the number of patents granted to Peruvian universities in the biomedical field from 2010 to 2020, in comparison with the production of other inventors. Material and Methods: This descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study analyzed 73 patents from a universe of 759 patents obtained from the database of the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property in Peru, from 2010 to 2020. To compare the number of patents granted to universities with respect to other inventors, Pearson's chi-square test with Yates' continuity correction was applied. Results: In Peru, during the years 2010 to 2020, 759 patents have been granted, of which 73 belong to the biomedical field (9.61 %), of which universities have generated 24.66 %, i.e. 2.47 % of the total. Furthermore, universities showed significant differences in patent production (p = 0.019) compared to other authors. Conclusions: In the biomedical field, patent production in Peruvian universities has been very limited from 2010 to 2020. In addition, universities presented significantly lower patent production compared to other inventors, noting that since 2016, they have not been granted any invention patents in the biomedical field.

The Carbon Emissions Trading Policy of China: Does It Really Promote the Enterprises' Green Technology Innovations?

The carbon emissions trading policy has profound impacts on the production and operation of enterprises. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the carbon emissions trading policy on enterprises' green technology innovations by using PSM-DID models. The results showed that: (1) the carbon emissions trading policy has a facilitating effect on green technology innovation of China's enterprises in pilot cities; (2) there is significant spatial heterogeneity in this effect and it is extremely beneficial to enterprises' green technology innovations in eastern China; and (3) the trading policy is proved to have significant positive effects on green technology innovations of non-state and non-high-tech enterprises, while it has no effects on that of state-owned and high-tech enterprises. The above findings were corroborated by the placebo test and other methods.

Research on the development of bio-pharmaceutical industry integration and collaborative innovation in the Yangtze River Delta under the mode of Industry-University-Research cooperation / 中国药科大学学报

@#After the integration of Yangtze River Delta was elevated and developed into a national strategy, few domestic studies have been conducted to explore the integrated and collaborative development of biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region, which, as an important region of biopharmaceutical industry in China, has initially formed the development mode of industrial clusters. In this study, based on the industry-university-research model of patent and fund project cooperation, the social network analysis (SNA) method is used to analyze and study the cooperation of patent and Major Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. The study shows that the industry-university-research cooperation in the biomedical field in the Yangtze River Delta region is still in the development stage and the degree of integration needs to be improved. Universities and research institutes are more inclined to cooperate with enterprises for invention patents and with other universities for fund project research.It is suggested that the Yangtze River Delta region should adopt the deep integration mode of industry-university-research, relevant leading scientific research institutions should establish open innovation platforms, and pharmaceutical universities should cultivate innovative talents with the advantages of their disciplines, and adopt "Revealing the List and Taking Command" or other ways to tackle key core technologies.

Research on distribution of invention patents of Chinese materia medica for treating high mortality diseases in China--analysis mechanism based on IPC number A61P / 中草药

Based on the International Patent Classification (IPC) A61P, this paper analyzes the distributional therapeutic situation of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in China dynamically and statically from the perspective of invention patent, then the list of 10 groups of A61P with the largest amount of invention patents application and effective amount is compared with the list of high mortality diseases in China, so as to verify the idea whether the R&D focus of CMM is on high mortality diseases, and put forward suggestions for the R&D directions and strategies of CMM in the treatment of high mortality diseases. The research finds that the R&D of CMM mainly focuses on treating high mortality diseases, except for the malignant tumors and mental disorders. In addition, the intellectual achievement of CMM in the treatment of digestive system diseases is the dominant direction. Under the background of internationalization and standardization of CMM, China needs to strengthen the R&D investment direction of CMM in the treatment of malignant tumors, mental disorders and other fields. The quantity and quality advantages of CMM in the treatment of digestive system diseases will be of significance, thus it needs to actively carry out patent distribution abroad. The role of technical evaluation in the cultivation of high-quality and high-value patents should be attached importance.

Analysis on Innovation Input-output in China ’s Pharmaceutical Enterprises from the Perspective of Patent Appli- cation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for optimizing resource allocation and precise investment of China ’s pharma- ceutical industry. METHODS ：The number of invention patent applications in China ’s pharmaceutical industry was searched from China Intellectual Property Netwerk ，and the status quo and structure of patent applications in China ’s pharmaceutical industry were analyzed. SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyze the input-output correlation of the number of invention patent applications with R&D investment and main business income of pharmaceutical enterprises in China. RESULTS ：The number of invention patent applications in China ’s pharmaceutical industry increased year by year. From 2000 to 2015，225 861 invention patents had been applied by domestic applicants and 43 149 invention patents had been applied by foreign applicants in China ；only 49.94％ domestic applicants applied for professional invention ，while 96.79％ of foreign applicants applied for professional invention. There was a positive correlation between the R&D expenditure of pharmaceutical enterprises and the number of invention patent applications，which indicated that the R&D investment of pharmaceutical industry in China was beneficial to the invention patent applications. The number of invention patent applications of pharmaceutical enterprises was also positively correlated with the main business income ，indicating that the increase of invention patent applications of pharmaceutical enterprises also effectively expanded the economic scale of pharmaceutical industry. CONCLUSIONS ：Compared with foreign countries ，the structure of patent applicants in domestic pharmaceutical industry needs to be adjusted urgently. Pharmaceutical enterprises have not yet become the main applicants. The continuous R&D investment of pharmaceutical enterprises effectively promotes the application of invention patent，expanded the economic scale of the pharmaceutical industry.

Effective Composition of TCM Invention Patent Application / 中国中医药信息杂志

Composition of invention patent application is important for obtaining patent right and maintaining the right stability. According to the features of TCM invention patent application and common problems in examination, this article summarized several key points for effective application composition, including composing background technology objectively, highlighting technical problems, reasonable layout of technical pian, working in contact with technical effects, and clarifying technical terms. It expounded each point with relevant typical cases, with a purpose to provide references for applicants and agents of TCM invention patent application.