An Isotonic Drink Containing Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) Processing Waste Collagen Hydrolysate for Bone and Cartilage Health.

Malnutrition is one of the major factors of bone and cartilage disorders. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) processing waste is a cheap and highly promising source of bioactive substances, including collagen-derived peptides and amino acids, for bone and cartilage structure stabilization. The addition of these substances to a functional drink is one of the ways to achieve their fast intestinal absorption. Collagen hydrolysate was obtained via enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrafiltration, freeze-drying, and grinding to powder. The lyophilized hydrolysate was a light gray powder with high protein content (>90%), including collagen (about 85% of total protein) and a complete set of essential and non-essential amino acids. The hydrolysate had no observed adverse effect on human mesenchymal stem cell morphology, viability, or proliferation. The hydrolysate was applicable as a protein food supply or a structure-forming food component due to the presence of collagen fiber fragments. An isotonic fitness drink (osmolality 298.1 ± 2.1 mOsm/L) containing hydrolysate and vitamin C as a cofactor in collagen biosynthesis was prepared. The addition of the hydrolysate did not adversely affect its organoleptic parameters. The production of such functional foods and drinks is one of the beneficial ways of fish processing waste utilization.

Elaboration of an organic beverage based on grape juice with positive nutritional properties.

The present study aimed to develop a natural beverage with interesting phytochemical composition and biological activity based on grape juice without added sugars or artificial additives. Two groups of blends were made by diluting concentrate grape juice with a sugar content of 65 °Brix with two different mineral waters (BA: Bezoya with low mineralization; BB: Solan de Cabras with high mineralization). Lemon juice was used for pH correction, and mixtures of extractions of hop with tea and hop with mint were used to increase aroma. Samples were stored under refrigeration (4°C) then subjected to physicochemical and sensory analysis. The results demonstrated that malvidin-3-O-glucoside pigment was the predominant pigment with a concentration ranging from 75.71 ± 12.49 to 84.87 ± 1.70 mg/L. The levels of sugars ranged from 79.90 ± 1.37 to 82.37 ± 0.55 g/L and total soluble solids were between 5.47 ± 0.12 and 5.77 ± 0.06 °Brix. Total acids presented a significant difference, ranging from 1.40 ± 0.00 to 1.43 ± 0.06 g/L in BA samples and from 1.10 ± 0.10 to 1.20 ± 0.00 g/L in BB samples. For 20 days, the color increased in all beverages. However, BA drinks presented higher acidity and higher red color intensity than BB drinks, so the type of water and pH influenced the color of beverages. The sensory evaluation showed that the beverage made with low mineral water and flavored with a mixture of hop with tea was preferred.

Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets.

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

Can Functional Beverages Serve as a Substantial Source of Macroelements and Microelements in Human Nutrition?-Analysis of Selected Minerals in Energy and Isotonic Drinks.

Studies on the ingredients of energy drinks and isotonic drinks focus mainly on the evaluation of their content in terms of substances modulating the body's metabolism or those regarded as food additives. Having regard to the widespread availability of these beverages, their diversity and the limited number of studies in this area, the aim of this study was to analyse the contents of F, Al, Cd, Cr, Mn, V, Co, Ni, Zn, Bi and Na in the energy drinks and isotonic drinks available in the Polish market. Fluorine concentration was analysed using an ion-selective electrode. The other elements were analysed using ICP-OES. Obtained results showed that functional beverages need to be taken into account as a source of macroelements and microelements in human nutrition, particularly when ingested often and in large quantities (which applies particularly to the young population). Moreover, due caution needs to be maintained in consumer choices.

Verificação do limiar anaeróbico e a influência de bebida isotônica sobre a glicemia de atletas da equipe de futsal do município de Toledo - Pr / Anaerobic threshold assessment and the influence of isotonic drink on the glicemia of athletes from the Toledo futsal team

O presente estudo teve por objetivo verificar o limiar anaeróbico e os efeitos da ingestão de bebida isotônica durante o exercício progressivo dos atletas da equipe futsal masculino de Toledo ? PR. A amostra foi constituída por onze (11) atletas com idades entre 17 e 32 anos. Os voluntários foram escolhidos ao acaso, de acordo com a sua disponibilidade. Os mesmos não foram submetidos a nenhum tipo de treinamento antecedente aos testes. As variáveis antropométricas foram avaliadas segundo a equação de Durmin e Womersley (1974) e determinada utilizando a fórmula de Siri (1961). Para verificar o limiar anaeróbico, utilizou-se um protocolo de esforço progressivo com medidas da glicemia, uma vez que a literatura não aponta diferença significativa entre este e o protocolo do lactato sanguíneo (Simões et al., 1999). Os testes foram realizados em uma esteira mecânica da marca Moviment, com velocidades crescentes a partir de 5 Km/h até 14 Km/h, sem inclinação da rampa. A freqüência cardíaca foi mensurada com o auxílio de um frequencímetro da marca comercial Polar. A análise dos resultados obtidos demonstrou que o limiar anaeróbico médio dos atletas da equipe de futsal com ingestão de água foi numa carga de trabalho de 11 Km/h, correspondendo a uma freqüência cardíaca média de 114,7 bpm. Com relação à ingestão de bebida isotônica, a mesma manteve a glicemia elevada durante o teste, demonstrando que os carboidratos contidos na bebida estão fornecendo glicose o que, por sua vez, levaria a um protelamento da fadiga.

This study assesses the anaerobic threshold and the effects of the ingestion of isotonic drink during progressive exercise of the athletes from the Toledo male Futsal team. The sample consisted of eleven (11) athletes aged 17-32 yrs. The volunteers were chosen randomly according to their availability. They were not subjected to any kind of training prior to the tests. The anthropometric variables were assessed according to the Durmin and Womersleyïs equation (1974) and determined by using Siri?s formula (1961). A progressive effort protocol with glycemia measurements was used to outline the anaerobic threshold, as the literature does not point out any significant differences between that and the blood lactate protocol (Simões et al.,1999).The tests were carried out in a Moviment treadmill, with speeds rising from 5 - 14 km / h, without ramp tilting. The heart frequency was measured with the aid of a Polar frequencymeter. The analysis of the obtained results demonstrated the Futsal athletes? average anaerobic threshold, with ingestion of water, 11 Km/h-workload, corresponding to an average heart frequency of 114.7 bpm. With respect to the isotonic drink intake, it maintained high glycemia levels during the test demonstrating that the carbohydrates in the drink provide glucose which, in turns, would lead to the retardation of fatigue.