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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38909892

RESUMO

We present a case of diagnostic interest; we present the differential diagnosis and the complementary tests necessary to reach it, in addition to highlighting the importance of a correct collection of background and clinical history. A 54-year-old woman with a history of carcinoma of the floor of the mouth treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy develops ischemic retinopathy. It was necessary to perform a systemic study and differential diagnosis with entities such as ocular ischemic syndrome and radiation retinopathy, due to the similarity in the clinical findings found. Radiation retinopathy should be ruled out in any patient with visual impairment and a history of radiotherapy treatment. A broad differential diagnosis and systemic study are required to rule out entities such as ocular ischemic syndrome and diabetic retinopathy, in addition to early treatment to avoid possible complications.

2.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 99(5): 218-221, May. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-VR-74

RESUMO

El síndrome de Sneddon (SS) se manifiesta por múltiples accidentes cerebrovasculares y livedo reticularis. La vasculopatía livedoide (VL) se caracteriza por una larga historia de ulceración de pies y piernas y una histopatología que indica un proceso trombótico. Se describe una oclusión de rama arterial retiniana en un varón de 52años con VL. No presentó anomalías de laboratorio perceptibles, como anticuerpos antifosfolípidos, ni antecedentes de accidentes cerebrovasculares. La oclusión de arteria retiniana acompañada de VL podría ser una variante del síndrome de Sneddon. Con angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica se observó en la mácula en el ojo asintomático una reducción de las capas vasculares, lo que indica cambios microvasculares localizados como marcador evolutivo en la patogénesis del SS.(AU)


Sneddon's syndrome (SS) manifests through multiple strokes and livedo reticularis. Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is characterized by a long history of foot and leg ulceration and histopathology indicating a thrombotic process. Arterial retinal branch occlusion is described in a 52-year-old male with LV. He did not present noticeable laboratory abnormalities, such as antiphospholipid antibodies, or a history of strokes. Retinal artery occlusion accompanied by LV could be a variant of Sneddon's syndrome. Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed a reduction in the macula's vascular layers in the asymptomatic eye, indicating localized microvascular changes as an evolving marker in the pathogenesis of SS.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Sneddon , Oclusão da Artéria Retiniana , Degeneração Macular , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Oftalmologia , Oftalmopatias , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico
3.
Cir Cir ; 92(2): 165-173, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38782389

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of Passiflora Incarnata L., (PI) in treating IR injury after testicular torsion in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research investigated the impact of PI on IR damage in male Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided to three groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (IR), and group 3 (IR+PI). RESULTS: The malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels did not significantly differ across the groups (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 and p=0.140, respectively). However, Group 3 demonstrated a superior total antioxidant status (TAS) value compared to Group 2 (p = 0.020). Concurrently, Group 3 presented a significantly diminished mean total oxidant status (TOS) relative to Group 2 (p = 0.009). Furthermore, Group 3 showed a markedly improved Johnsen score relative to Group 2 (p < 0.01). IR caused cell degeneration, apoptosis, and fibrosis in testicular tissues. PI treatment, however, mitigated these effects, preserved seminiferous tubule integrity and promoted regular spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Bax, and Annexin V, signifying diminished inflammation and apoptosis, thereby supporting cell survival (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that PI significantly reduces oxidative stress and testicular damage, potentially benefiting therapies for IR injuries.


OBJETIVO: Explorar el posible efecto protector de Passiflora incarnata L. (PI) en el tratamiento de la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión (IR) después de una torsión testicular en ratas. MÉTODO: Se estudió el impacto de Passiflora incarnata en el daño por IR en ratas Wistar albinas machos. Los animales se dividieron tres grupos: 1 (simulado), 2 (IR) y 3 (IR+PI). RESULTADOS: Los niveles de malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) y glutathione (GSH) no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 y p = 0.140, respectivamente). Sin embargo, el grupo 3 tuvo un valor de estado antioxidante total (TAS) superior en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.020). Al mismo tiempo, el grupo 3 presentó un estado oxidante total (TOS) medio significativamente disminuido en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.009). El grupo 3 mostró una mejora notable en la puntuación de Johnsen en comparación con el grupo 2 (p < 0.01). La IR causó degeneración celular, apoptosis y fibrosis en los tejidos testiculares. El tratamiento con PI mitigó estos efectos, preservó la integridad de los túbulos seminíferos y promovió la espermatogénesis regular. Además, redujo la expresión de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, Bax y anexina V, lo que significa una disminución de la inflamación y de la apoptosis, respaldando así la supervivencia celular (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 y p < 0.01, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio reveló que PI reduce significativamente el estrés oxidativo y el daño testicular, beneficiando potencialmente las terapias para lesiones por IR.


Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Passiflora , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Torção do Cordão Espermático , Animais , Masculino , Torção do Cordão Espermático/complicações , Torção do Cordão Espermático/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Ratos , Passiflora/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Malondialdeído/análise , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Peroxidase/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Espermatogênese/efeitos dos fármacos
4.
Preprint em Português | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-8812

RESUMO

Introduction: Recent progress in the bioengineering of cardiac grafts offers a new therapeutic modality for the regeneration of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. CD34 is a marker that expresses all hematopoietic and endothelial precursor cells, and functions as a cell adhesion factor. The antibody corresponding to this marker is used in immunohistochemistry to evaluate the formation of new vessels and the presence of stem cells. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of omentopexy in neovascularization and stem cells. Methods: Review collecting information published on selected virtual platforms (SciELO ­ Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus). The search began with descriptors related to the topic, identified through DeCS/MESH in the following: "myocardial ischemia; myocardial revascularization; omentopexy; immunohistochemistry; CD34; stem cells". They were read by title and summary, with an AND or OR search followed by the full reading of those most closely related to the topic. A total of 23 articles were included. Results: The greater omentum has a remarkable clinical property in containing sites of tissue damage. It increases its tissue volume in response to foreign and inflammatory particles involving several immunomodulatory cells with progenitor cells, in a process called "omentum activation". Conclusion: Cardio-omentopexy associated with mechanical abrasion and myocardial perforations proves to be efficient in inducing neovascularization. The greater omentum promotes stem cells - confirmed by CD34 -, demonstrating great potential as a future therapy to restore areas of ischemic myocardium.


Introdução: Recentes progressos feitos na bioengenharia de enxertos cardíacos oferecem nova modalidade terapêutica para a regeneração do tecido cardíaco pós-infarto do miocárdio. O CD34 é marcador que expressa todas as células precursoras hematopoiéticas e endoteliais, e funciona como fator de adesão celular. O anticorpo que correspondente a este marcador é utilizado na imunoistoquímica para avaliar a formação de novos vasos e a presença de células-tronco. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da omentopexia na neovascularização e células-tronco. Métodos:  Revisão colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais selecionadas (SciELO ­ Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus).  A busca iniciou-se por descritores relacionados ao tema, identificados por meio do DeCS/MESH nos seguintes descritores: "isquemia miocárdica; revascularização miocárdica; omentopexia; imunoistoquímica; CD34; células-tronco" e seus equivalentes em inglês: "stem cell; myocardial ischemia; myocardial revascularization; omentopexy; immunohistochemistry; CD34". Foram lidos pelo título e resumo, com busca AND ou OR seguindo-se da leitura na íntegra daqueles com maior relação ao tema. Foram incluídos o total de 23 artigos. Resultados: O omento maior tem propriedade clínica marcante em conter sítios de danos teciduais. Ele aumenta seu volume tecidual em resposta às partículas estranhas e inflamatórias envolvendo diversas células imunomoduladoras com células progenitoras, em um processo chamado "ativação do omento". Conclusão: A cárdio-omentopexia associada à abrasão mecânica e perfurações miocárdicas, mostra ser eficiente na indução de neovascularização. O omento maior promove células-tronco - confirmadas pelo CD34 -, demonstrando grande potencial como futura terapêutica para restaurar áreas de miocárdio isquêmico.

5.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 71(4): 339-343, abril 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232130

RESUMO

Los tumores glómicos (TG) son neoplasias benignas raras, que se derivan de la estructura neuroarterial denominada cuerpo glómico, un shunt arteriovenoso especializado implicado en la regulación de la temperatura. Representan menos de 2% de los tumores del tejido blando, y entre 1 y 4,5% de los tumores de la mano. Aun cuando sus primeras descripciones aparecieron hace casi 100 años, son comunes la demora y la ausencia diagnósticas, las cuales originan un sufrimiento terrible. La tríada diagnóstica clásica consiste en dolor espontáneo, sensación de presión y sensibilidad, e hipersensibilidad al frío. La imagen de resonancia magnética (IRM) sigue siendo la modalidad de imagen más útil. La supresión del dolor tras inflar un esfigmomanómetro por encima de los niveles de la presión arterial sistólica (prueba de detección de isquemia) es altamente diagnóstica, por lo que sugerimos el uso rutinario de esta prueba simple en los casos de dolor en la extremidad superior de etiología desconocida. La resección quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección, y es curativa. (AU)


Glomus tumors are a rare benign neoplasm arising from the neuroarterial structure called the glomus body, a specialized arteriovenous shunt involved in temperature regulation. They represent less than 2% of soft tissue tumors and between 1 and 4.5% of hand's tumors. Even though its first descriptions appeared almost 100 years ago, late and missed diagnoses are common, which leads to terrible suffering. The classic diagnostic triad consists of spontaneous pain, pressure sensation and tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity. Magnetic resonance imaging stills the most useful imaging modality. Abolition of pain after inflating a blood pressure cuff above systolic blood pressure levels (ischemia test) is highly diagnostic, so we suggest the routine use of this simple test in cases of upper limb pain of unknown etiology clear. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and is curative. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Tumor Glômico , Isquemia , Erros de Diagnóstico , Dor Crônica
6.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 39(3): 485-490, 2024-04-24. fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1554170

RESUMO

Introducción. La embolia paradójica es un evento trombótico originado en la circulación venosa, que se manifiesta como embolismo arterial por medio de un defecto anatómico a nivel cardíaco o pulmonar. Se asocia principalmente a eventos cerebrovasculares, aunque se han encontrado casos de infarto agudo de miocardio, infarto renal y otros eventos isquémicos. Caso clínico. Paciente de 47 años, quien consultó por cuadro de dolor abdominal, que requirió manejo quirúrgico de urgencia, donde identificaron isquemia intestinal importante. Los estudios adicionales hallaron déficit de proteína S y persistencia de foramen oval permeable. Resultados. La presencia de trombosis arterial se conoce como trombosis de sitios inusuales y requiere de estudios para descartar trombofilias asociadas u otros estados protrombóticos. El déficit de proteína S es una trombofilia infrecuente, la cual se asocia en la vida adulta a eventos trombóticos de origen venoso. En presencia de defectos anatómicos, como un foramen oval permeable, puede progresar a embolia arterial, configurando un cuadro de embolismo paradójico. La estratificación de estos pacientes requiere imágenes que demuestran el defecto mencionado, así como el posible origen de los émbolos. El manejo se basa en anticoagulación plena, manejo de soporte, resolver las manifestaciones trombóticas existentes y un cierre temprano del defecto anatómico. Conclusiones. El embolismo paradójico debe sospecharse en caso de trombosis de sitios inusuales. Requiere de un estudio exhaustivo con imágenes y su manejo debe basarse en anticoagulación y cierre del defecto.


Introduction. Paradoxical embolism is a thrombotic event originating in the venous circulation, which manifests as arterial embolism through an anatomical cardiac or pulmonary defect. It is mainly associated with stroke, also presenting as acute myocardial infarction, renal infarction, and other ischemic events. Clinical case. A 47-year-old patient was admitted due to abdominal pain, which required emergency surgical management, finding significant intestinal ischemia. Additional studies found protein S deficiency and evidence of a patent foramen ovale. Discussion. Arterial thrombosis is known as unusual thrombosis; this situation requires to rule out associated thrombophilia or other prothrombotic diseases. Protein S deficiency is a rare thrombophilia, which in adults causes venous thrombosis. In the presence of anatomical defects, such as a patent foramen ovale, it can progress to arterial embolism, presenting a picture of paradoxical embolism. The study work of these patients requires imaging that demonstrates the aforementioned defect, as well as the possible origin of the emboli. Management is based on full anticoagulation, treatment of existing thrombotic manifestations, and management of the anatomical defect. Conclusions. Paradoxical embolism should be suspected in case of unusual thrombosis. It requires exhaustive studies based on imaging, and management should consist of anticoagulation and closure of the defect.


Assuntos
Humanos , Embolia e Trombose , Embolia Paradoxal , Isquemia Mesentérica , Trombofilia , Forame Oval Patente , Laparotomia
7.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 48(6): 341-355, 2024 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38493062

RESUMO

Temperature management has been used in patients with acute brain injury resulting from different conditions, such as post-cardiac arrest hypoxic-ischaemic insult, acute ischaemic stroke, and severe traumatic brain injury. However, current evidence offers inconsistent and often contradictory results regarding the clinical benefit of this therapeutic strategy on mortality and functional outcomes. Current guidelines have focused mainly on active prevention and treatment of fever, while therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has fallen into disuse, although doubts persist as to its effectiveness according to the method of application and appropriate patient selection. This narrative review presents the most relevant clinical evidence on the effects of TH in patients with acute neurological damage, and the pathophysiological concepts supporting its use.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas , Hipotermia Induzida , Humanos , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Lesões Encefálicas/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas/complicações , Febre/etiologia , Febre/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/terapia
9.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 92(1): 64-68, mar. 2024. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559234

RESUMO

RESUMEN El surgimiento de nueva evidencia científica en los últimos años en relación con los síndromes coronarios crónicos (SCC) lleva a reconsiderar las recomendaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas que históricamente guiaron nuestra práctica médica. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que gran parte de la información difundida carece de un análisis crítico riguroso, lo que nos expone al riesgo de incorporar nuevos algoritmos en la práctica clínica que podrían no ser completamente aplicables a nuestra población. En esta revisión se analiza la literatura científica disponible relacionada a los SCC, para tratar de establecer si realmente el monto isquémico carece de significado clínico y pronóstico tal como se afirma en algunas publicaciones.


ABSTRACT In the last years, new scientific evidence related to chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) has led to reconsider the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations that historically guided our medical practice. However, it is important to point out that the disseminated information lacks a precise critical analysis, with the risk of incorporating new algorithms in clinical practice that might not be completely applicable to our population. The present review analyses the available scientific CCS literature to establish whether the extent of ischemic myocardium has no real clinical and prognostic significance as reported in some publications.

10.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(1): 43-54, Jan.-Feb. 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-445

RESUMO

Introducción El ictus isquémico puede ser una complicación grave en los pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Estudiar y caracterizar los diferentes subtipos etiológicos, las características clínicas y el pronóstico funcional podrá resultar útil en la selección de pacientes para un manejo y tratamiento óptimos. Métodos La recogida de variables se hizo de forma retrospectiva en pacientes consecutivos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 que desarrollaron un episodio de isquemia cerebral focal (entre el 1 de marzo del 2020 y el 19 de abril del 2020). Se llevó a cabo en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel en la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Resultados Durante el período de estudio 1.594 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Identificamos a 22 pacientes con ictus isquémico (1,38%); de estos, no cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 6. Un total de 16 pacientes con isquemia cerebral focal constituyeron la serie del estudio (15 con ictus isquémico y uno con accidente isquémico transitorio). En la valoración basal en el National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale la mediana fue de 9 (rango intercuartil: 16), la edad media ± desviación estándar fue de 73 ± 12,8 años; 12 pacientes fueron varones (75%). El tiempo desde los síntomas de COVID-19 hasta el ictus fue de 13 días. Se encontró oclusión de gran vaso en 12 pacientes (75%). El dímero-D estuvo elevado en el 87,5% y la proteína C reactiva en el 81,2% de los casos. La etiología más frecuente del ictus isquémico fue la aterotrombosis (9 pacientes, 56,3%) con un subtipo predominante que fue el trombo endoluminal sobre placa de ateroma (5 pacientes, 31,2%), 4 de ellos en la arteria carótida interna y uno de ellos en el arco aórtico. La mortalidad en nuestra serie fue del 44% (7 de 16 pacientes). Conclusiones En los pacientes con ictus y COVID-19 la etiología más frecuente fue la aterotrombótica, con una elevada frecuencia de trombo endoluminal sobre placa de ateroma... (AU)


Background Ischaemic stroke may be a major complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studying and characterising the different aetiological subtypes, clinical characteristics, and functional outcomes may be valuable in guiding patient selection for optimal management and treatment. Methods Data were collected retrospectively on consecutive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed acute focal brain ischaemia (between 1 March and 19 April 2020) at a tertiary university hospital in Madrid (Spain). Results During the study period, 1594 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. We found 22 patients with ischaemic stroke (1.38%), 6 of whom did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 16 patients were included in the study (15 cases of ischaemic stroke and one case of transient ischaemic attack). Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (interquartile range: 16), and mean (standard deviation) age was 73 years (12.8). Twelve patients (75%) were men. Mean time from COVID-19 symptom onset to stroke onset was 13 days. Large vessel occlusion was identified in 12 patients (75%). We detected elevated levels of D-dimer in 87.5% of patients and C-reactive protein in 81.2%. The main aetiology was atherothrombotic stroke (9 patients, 56.3%), with the predominant subtype being endoluminal thrombus (5 patients, 31.2%), involving the internal carotid artery in 4 cases and the aortic arch in one. The mortality rate in our series was 44% (7 of 16 patients). Conclusions In patients with COVID-19, the most frequent stroke aetiology was atherothrombosis, with a high proportion of endoluminal thrombus (31.2% of patients). Our clinical and laboratory data support COVID-19–associated coagulopathy as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism for ischaemic stroke in these patients. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Trombose das Artérias Carótidas , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Espanha
11.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(1): 43-54, Jan.-Feb. 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229828

RESUMO

Introducción El ictus isquémico puede ser una complicación grave en los pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Estudiar y caracterizar los diferentes subtipos etiológicos, las características clínicas y el pronóstico funcional podrá resultar útil en la selección de pacientes para un manejo y tratamiento óptimos. Métodos La recogida de variables se hizo de forma retrospectiva en pacientes consecutivos con infección por SARS-CoV-2 que desarrollaron un episodio de isquemia cerebral focal (entre el 1 de marzo del 2020 y el 19 de abril del 2020). Se llevó a cabo en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel en la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Resultados Durante el período de estudio 1.594 pacientes fueron diagnosticados de infección por SARS-CoV-2. Identificamos a 22 pacientes con ictus isquémico (1,38%); de estos, no cumplieron los criterios de inclusión 6. Un total de 16 pacientes con isquemia cerebral focal constituyeron la serie del estudio (15 con ictus isquémico y uno con accidente isquémico transitorio). En la valoración basal en el National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale la mediana fue de 9 (rango intercuartil: 16), la edad media ± desviación estándar fue de 73 ± 12,8 años; 12 pacientes fueron varones (75%). El tiempo desde los síntomas de COVID-19 hasta el ictus fue de 13 días. Se encontró oclusión de gran vaso en 12 pacientes (75%). El dímero-D estuvo elevado en el 87,5% y la proteína C reactiva en el 81,2% de los casos. La etiología más frecuente del ictus isquémico fue la aterotrombosis (9 pacientes, 56,3%) con un subtipo predominante que fue el trombo endoluminal sobre placa de ateroma (5 pacientes, 31,2%), 4 de ellos en la arteria carótida interna y uno de ellos en el arco aórtico. La mortalidad en nuestra serie fue del 44% (7 de 16 pacientes). Conclusiones En los pacientes con ictus y COVID-19 la etiología más frecuente fue la aterotrombótica, con una elevada frecuencia de trombo endoluminal sobre placa de ateroma... (AU)


Background Ischaemic stroke may be a major complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studying and characterising the different aetiological subtypes, clinical characteristics, and functional outcomes may be valuable in guiding patient selection for optimal management and treatment. Methods Data were collected retrospectively on consecutive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed acute focal brain ischaemia (between 1 March and 19 April 2020) at a tertiary university hospital in Madrid (Spain). Results During the study period, 1594 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. We found 22 patients with ischaemic stroke (1.38%), 6 of whom did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 16 patients were included in the study (15 cases of ischaemic stroke and one case of transient ischaemic attack). Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (interquartile range: 16), and mean (standard deviation) age was 73 years (12.8). Twelve patients (75%) were men. Mean time from COVID-19 symptom onset to stroke onset was 13 days. Large vessel occlusion was identified in 12 patients (75%). We detected elevated levels of D-dimer in 87.5% of patients and C-reactive protein in 81.2%. The main aetiology was atherothrombotic stroke (9 patients, 56.3%), with the predominant subtype being endoluminal thrombus (5 patients, 31.2%), involving the internal carotid artery in 4 cases and the aortic arch in one. The mortality rate in our series was 44% (7 of 16 patients). Conclusions In patients with COVID-19, the most frequent stroke aetiology was atherothrombosis, with a high proportion of endoluminal thrombus (31.2% of patients). Our clinical and laboratory data support COVID-19–associated coagulopathy as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism for ischaemic stroke in these patients. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Trombose das Artérias Carótidas , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Espanha
12.
Angiol. (Barcelona) ; 76(1): 10-18, ene.-feb. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231192

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: la isquemia mesentérica es poco frecuente, pero tiene una alta mortalidad. Existen pocos reportes de esta patología en países subdesarrollados. Este estudio pretende describir los resultados de un centro universitario terciario chileno y los factores que afectan a su morbimortalidad. Material y métodos: análisis retrospectivo de los pacientes intervenidos de urgencia por isquemia mesentérica aguda entre 2016 y 2021 en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Se excluyeron los pacientes manejados sin cirugía. Se analizaron factores perioperatorios, detalles operatorios, la mortalidad a 30 días y la estancia hospitalaria, entre otros. Resultados: se incluyeron 32 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 73,5 años (45-92). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión (62,5 %), diabetes mellitus (28,1 %) y enfermedad cardiovascular conocida: infarto agudo de miocardio, angina crónica, accidente cerebrovascular, isquemia aguda de extremidades y enfermedad arterial oclusiva periférica (34,4 %). El 40,6 % tenía causa arterial trombótica; el 18,8 %, arterial embólica; el 25 %, venosa, y el 15,6 %, no oclusiva (NOMI). El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue el dolor abdominal (84,4 %). En la primera intervención, el 81,3 % requirió resección intestinal. Se realizó una anastomosis en el 53,1 %. El 25 % de los pacientes fueron revascularizados, con un cirujano vascular en el equipo quirúrgico, en el 65,6 %. La mediana de estancia hospitalaria fue de 21 días (2-129). La mediana de tiempo a la cirugía fue de 10,75 horas (4,75-196)... (AU)


Introduction and objective: acute mesenteric ischemia has a low incidence but high mortality. The results of this disease are not well reported in developing countries. This study aims to describe the results of a Chilean tertiary university center and the factors that affect its morbidity and mortality. Material and methods: retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing emergency surgery for acute mesenteric ischemia between 2016 and 2021 at the hospital clínico universidad de chile. Patients managed without surgery were excluded. Demographic characteristics, perioperative factors, details of the first surgery, 30-day mortality, and hospital stay, among others, were analyzed. Results: 32 patients were included. The median age was 73.5 years (45-92). The most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension (62.5 %), diabetes mellitus (28.1 %) and known cardiovascular disease 34.4 % (acute myocardial infarction, chronic angina, cerebrovascular accident, acute limb ischemia, peripheral arterial occlusive disease). 40.6 % had a thrombotic arterial cause, 18.8 % embolic arterial, 25 % thrombotic venous and 15.6 % non-occlusive (NOMI). The most frequent reason for consultation was abdominal pain (84.4 %). In the first surgical intervention, 81.3 % required intestinal resection, with an anastomosis performed in 53.1 %. 25% were revascularized, with a vascular surgeon on the surgical team in 65.6 %. The median hospital stay was 21 (2-129) days. The median time from the emergency department to surgery was 10.75 hours (4.75-196). Mortality at 30 days was 40.6 %, with no differences between etiologies...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Isquemia Mesentérica/mortalidade , Isquemia Mesentérica/cirurgia , Previsões , /estatística & dados numéricos , Trombectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
Angiol. (Barcelona) ; 76(1): 38-42, ene.-feb. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231197

RESUMO

Introducción: la isquemia aguda se caracteriza por una disminución repentina de la perfusión arterial de la extremidad, con una amenaza potencial para su supervivencia, que requiere evaluación y manejo urgentes. Es una enfermedad causada por varias etiologías, incluida la aterotrombosis y la embolización periférica. Sin embargo, se han presentado casos raros en adultos jóvenes en los que también deben considerarse otras etiologías. Caso clínico: presentamos dos casos raros de pacientes que desarrollaron isquemia aguda de las extremidades debido a vasoespasmo prolongado secundario al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Discusión: el vasoespasmo es una causa rara de isquemia aguda de las extremidades. Nuestro reporte de casos documenta la complejidad y la importancia de las consideraciones diagnósticas diferenciales que deben realizarse en pacientes con estos antecedentes personales y con dichas características clínicas, en los que no hay causas ateroscleróticas de isquemia en las extremidades. (AU)


Introduction: acute ischemia is characterized by a sudden decrease in arterial perfusion of the extremity, with a potential threat to its survival, which requires urgent evaluation and management. It is a disease caused by various etiologies, including atherothrombosis and peripheral embolization. However, rare cases have occurred in young adults where other etiologies must also be considered. Case report: we present two rare cases of patients who developed acute limb ischemia due to prolonged vasospasm secondary to psychoactive substance use. Discussion: vasospasm is a rare cause of acute limb ischemia. Our case report documents the complexity and importance of the differential diagnostic considerations that must be made in patients with these personal backgrounds and with these clinical characteristics, in whom there are no atherosclerotic causes of ischemia in the extremities. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Isquemia , Extremidades , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Psicotrópicos
14.
Angiol. (Barcelona) ; 76(1): 43-47, ene.-feb. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231198

RESUMO

Introducción: la isquemia crónica de las extremidades es una enfermedad arterial periférica que afecta a alrededor del 15-20 % de las personas mayores de 70 años. La terapia endovascular es el tratamiento inicial de elección en pacientes con isquemia crónica que amenaza a las extremidades inferiores, ya que reduce la tasa de amputación y de mortalidad con escasas complicaciones en pacientes con comorbilidades asociadas. En algunas ocasiones es necesario combinar diferentes abordajes (anterógrado y retrógrado) para conseguir una adecuada recanalizacion y perfusión del miembro inferior comprometido. Caso clínico: presentamos un caso en el que mostramos nuestra experiencia, paso a paso, sobre un paciente de 72 años de edad con una úlcera crónica en la que realizamos un procedimiento mediante acceso transpedal retrógrado con éxito técnico y clínico de la revascularización de la arteria tibial anterior. Discusión: el acceso transpedal es un enfoque simple y directo para las complicaciones microvasculares. Algunas de sus principales ventajas son que evita la necesidad de cruzar, brinda la posibilidad de obtener un enfoque simple y tarda menos tiempo en comparación con las técnicas convencionales de la cirugía abierta. La implementación de estas alternativas en cuanto al abordaje ha demostrado la obtención de resultados óptimos al reestablecer un adecuado flujo al área de la úlcera (revascularización angiosómica) directa o indirecta, lo que permite su cicatrización y evita una amputación. (AU)


Introduction: chronic limb ischemia is a peripheral arterial disease that affects around 15-20% of people over 70 years and is associated with a symptomatic reduction in blood supply to the extremities. Endovascular therapy is the initial treatment of choice in patients with lower limbs chronic ischemia, since it reduces the rate of amputation and mortality with fewcomplications in patients with associated comorbidities. Sometimes it is necessary to combine different approaches (antegrade and retrograde) to achieve adequate recanalization and perfusion of the compromised lower limb. Case report: we present a case report, in which we show our experience, step by step, on a 72-year-old patient with a chronic ulcer in which we performed a retrograde transpedal access procedure with technical and clinical success of revascularization of the ATA. Discussion: transpedal access is a simple and direct approach to microvascular complications. One of its main advantages is that it avoids the need for crossing and provides the possibility of obtaining a simple approach and takes less time compared to the conventional open surgery techniques. The implementation of these alternative approaches has shown to obtain optimal results by reestablishing adequate flow to the ulcer area (angiosomal revascularization) directly or indirectly, which allows healing and avoids amputation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Procedimentos Endovasculares
15.
Angiol. (Barcelona) ; 76(1): 53-55, ene.-feb. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231200

RESUMO

Introducción: el síndrome de robo de la subclavia es una entidad poco habitual que se presenta en pacientes con estenosis u oclusión de la arteria subclavia, habitualmente la izquierda, y secundario a ateroesclerosis. Los síntomas derivados de esta entidad son: la isquemia del miembro superior y los síntomas neurológicos. Caso clínico: se presenta un caso de un varón que, tras cinco meses de tratamiento endovascular de úlcera de aorta torácica penetrante, presenta síntomas neurológicos. Se realizó diagnóstico del síndrome a través de eco Doppler y se confirmó con angio RM. Finalmente, y debido a la incapacidad que producían los síntomas, se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico mediante cirugía de bypass carótido subclavio izquierdo. Discusión: el síndrome del robo de la subclavia es una entidad que raramente se presenta asociada a síntomas. Debe tenerse una alta sospecha para diagnosticarlo y tratarlo si es necesario. Aunque la tendencia actual es el tratamiento endovascular, en ocasiones la cirugía de derivación tradicional es la única opción. Siempre que sea posible, debe estudiarse la dominancia de las arterias vertebrales antes de ocluir la arteria subclavia en los procedimientos. (AU)


Introduction: subclavian steal syndrome is a rare entity, occurring in patients with stenosis or occlusion of the subclavian artery, usually the left subclavian artery and secondary to atherosclerosis. The symptoms derived from this entity are: ischemia of the upper limb and neurological symptoms. Case report: we present a case of a man who, after five months of endovascular treatment of penetrating thoracic aortic ulcer, presented neurological symptoms. The syndrome was diagnosed by echo-Doppler and confirmed by MRI angiography. Finally, due to the incapacity caused by the symptoms, surgical treatment was decided by left carotid-subclavian bypass. Discussion: subclavian steal syndrome is an entity rarely presents with symptoms, it must be highly suspected in order to diagnose it and, if necessary, treat it. Although, the current trend is endovascular treatment, sometimes traditional bypass surgery is the only option. Whenever possible, the dominance of the vertebral arteries should be studied before occluding the subclavian artery in the procedures. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Síndrome do Roubo Subclávio/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Roubo Subclávio/cirurgia , Aorta Torácica/lesões , Isquemia
16.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 71(4): 339-343, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38423461

RESUMO

Glomus tumors are a rare, benign neoplasm arising from the neuroarterial structure known as the glomus body, which is a specialized arteriovenous shunt involved in temperature regulation. They account for less than 2% of soft tissue tumors and between 1% and 4.5% of tumors in the hand.. Despite their first descriptions appearing almost 100 years ago, late and missed diagnoses are common, leading to significant suffering. The classic diagnostic triad includes spontaneous pain, a sensation of pressure and tenderness, and cold hypersensitivity. Magnetic resonance imaging remains the most useful imaging modality. The abolition of pain after inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic blood pressure level (ischemia test) is highly diagnostic.Therefore, we suggest the routine use of this simple test in cases of upper limb pain of unclear etiology . Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and is curative.


Assuntos
Dor Crônica , Dedos , Tumor Glômico , Isquemia , Humanos , Tumor Glômico/complicações , Tumor Glômico/diagnóstico , Tumor Glômico/diagnóstico por imagem , Dedos/irrigação sanguínea , Isquemia/etiologia , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38423465

RESUMO

Spinal cord ischaemia leading to paraplegia or paraparesis is one of the most devastating complications of aortic surgery. The risk of ischaemia is particularly high in repairs involving both the thoracic and abdominal segments, because in these cases blood flow to the spinal arteries can be interrupted. Multimodal protocols have now been developed to reduce the incidence of this complication, and include measures such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, avoidance of hypotension and anaemia, systemic hypothermia, neuromonitoring, maintaining distal perfusion during proximal clamping of the aorta, and reimplantation of intercostal or lumbar arteries, whenever feasible. We describe a case in which, due to the special characteristics of the surgery, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) was used to maintain distal blood flow in the lumbar, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric arteries during aortic clamping. This approach reduced the risk of spinal cord and visceral ischaemia, and also eliminated the need for thoracotomy because partial left bypass was not required.

18.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 99(5): 218-221, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38401593

RESUMO

Sneddon's syndrome (SS) manifests through multiple strokes and livedo reticularis. Livedoid vasculopathy (VL) is characterized by a long history of foot and leg ulceration and histopathology indicating a thrombotic process. Arterial retinal branch occlusion is described in a 52-year-old male with VL. He did not present noticeable laboratory abnormalities, such as antiphospholipid antibodies, or a history of strokes. Retinal artery occlusion accompanied by VL could be a variant of Sneddon's syndrome. Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed a reduction in the macula's vascular layers in the asymptomatic eye, indicating localized microvascular changes as an evolving marker in the pathogenesis of SS.


Assuntos
Oclusão da Artéria Retiniana , Síndrome de Sneddon , Humanos , Masculino , Oclusão da Artéria Retiniana/etiologia , Oclusão da Artéria Retiniana/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Sneddon/complicações , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Livedo Reticular
19.
Medisan ; 28(1)feb. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558499

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica tiene una alta frecuencia debida, fundamentalmente, al envejecimiento poblacional. Objetivo: Comparar las características clínicas de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica de dos grupos etarios. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en 36 pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica correspondientes a dos grupos etarios (65 y menos años y mayores de 65), quienes fueron atendidos en el Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, La Habana, de enero a diciembre del 2017. Al respecto, se analizaron variables demográficas y clínicas y se aplicaron diferentes pruebas estadísticas para comparar. Resultados: Se obtuvo un aumento significativo de pacientes hipertensos (88,9 %) en el grupo etario mayor de 65 años. La mediana de la escala de ictus del National Institute of Health fue superior en estos pacientes (mediana [10-90 percentil]: 9,5 (4-19]). Hubo incremento estadístico de los mayores de 65 años con parálisis parcial de la mirada y ataxia; en tanto, la monoparesia y la extinción visual predominaron en los de 65 y menos años. Dicha escala mostró un aumento estadístico en el ictus aterotrombótico y cardioembólico en comparación con otras causas en ambos grupos. Los pacientes mayores de 65 años con solo un factor de riesgo o ninguno y los que eran hipertensos tuvieron mayor puntuación de la escala. Conclusiones: El grado de afectación neurológica fue superior en los mayores de 65 años que tenían un factor de riesgo y en aquellos con hipertensión arterial. Puede sugerirse que los mecanismos moleculares y fisiopatológicos de estos pacientes varían según la edad.


Introduction: The ischemic cerebrovascular disease has a high frequency due to the population aging mainly. Objective: To compare clinical characteristics of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular of two age groups. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out in the Neurology and Neurosurgery Institute in Havana, from January to December, 2017 in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease; 36 individuals of both age groups. In this regard, demographic variables, risk factors, clinical manifestations, coma scale and neurological deficiency, etiology and localization of the ischemic ictus were analyzed. Results: The 65 years group had a significant increase of hypertensive patients (88.9%). The average of the National Institute of Health stroke scale was superior in these patients (median [10-90 percentile]: 9.5 [4-19]). There was statistical increment of over 65 years patients with partial paralysis of the look and ataxia, but monoparesis and visual extinction in the age under 65 years. Such a scale had a statistical increase in the atherothrombotic and cardioembolic ictus in comparison with other etiologies in both patient groups. The over 65 years patients with just one risk factor or and those with hypertension had a higher punctuation of the scale. Conclusions: The degree of neurological affectation was higher in over 65 years patients that had a risk factor and in those with hypertension. As a result it could be suggested that the molecular and pathophysiolologic mechanisms of these patients vary with the age.

20.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(1): 43-54, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38065431

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ischaemic stroke may be a major complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studying and characterising the different aetiological subtypes, clinical characteristics, and functional outcomes may be valuable in guiding patient selection for optimal management and treatment. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively on consecutive patients with COVID-19 who developed acute focal brain ischaemia (between 1 March and 19 April 2020) at a tertiary university hospital in Madrid (Spain). RESULTS: During the study period, 1594 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. We found 22 patients with ischaemic stroke (1.38%), 6 of whom did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 16 patients were included in the study (15 cases of ischaemic stroke and one case of transient ischaemic attack). Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 (interquartile range: 16), and mean (standard deviation) age was 73 years (12.8). Twelve patients (75%) were men. Mean time from COVID-19 symptom onset to stroke onset was 13 days. Large vessel occlusion was identified in 12 patients (75%). We detected elevated levels of D-dimer in 87.5% of patients and C-reactive protein in 81.2%. The main aetiology was atherothrombotic stroke (9 patients, 56.3%), with the predominant subtype being endoluminal thrombus (5 patients, 31.2%), involving the internal carotid artery in 4 cases and the aortic arch in one. The mortality rate in our series was 44% (7 of 16 patients). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with COVID-19, the most frequent stroke aetiology was atherothrombosis, with a high proportion of endoluminal thrombus (31.2% of patients). Our clinical and laboratory data support COVID-19-associated coagulopathy as a relevant pathophysiological mechanism for ischaemic stroke in these patients.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , COVID-19 , AVC Isquêmico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Trombose , Estados Unidos , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , COVID-19/complicações , SARS-CoV-2 , AVC Isquêmico/etiologia , AVC Isquêmico/complicações , Trombose/epidemiologia , Trombose/etiologia
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