ß-carboline-independent antidepressant-like effect of the standardized extract of the barks of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd) Poir. occurs via 5-HT2A/2C receptors in mice.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a psychiatric disorder with limited therapy options. Psychedelics are new antidepressant candidates, being the ayahuasca one of the most promising ones. A synergistic combination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ß-carbolines allows ayahuasca antidepressant properties. Another psychedelic and DMT-containing beverage is the jurema wine used religiously by indigenous people from Northeastern Brazil. AIMS: To evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of standardized extract of Mimosa tenuiflora (SEMT), associated or not with harmine (ß-carboline), in behavioral models of depression. METHODS: The SEMT was submitted to (+) ESI-IT-LC/MS analysis for DMT quantification. To assess the antidepressant-like effect of SEMT, the open field (OFT), tail suspension (TST), and forced swim (FST) tests were performed. To verify the participation of serotonergic systems, the 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head twitch test was performed. RESULTS: The content of DMT found in SEMT was 24.74 ± 0.8 mg/g. Yuremamine was also identified. SEMT presented an antidepressant-like effect in mice submitted to the TST and FST, independent from harmine, with no significant alterations on the OFT. The sub-dose interaction between SEMT and ketamine also produced an anti-immobility effect in the TST, with no changes in the OFT. SEMT potentiated the head twitch behavior induced by 5-HTP and ketanserin prevented its antidepressant-like effect in the TST (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SEMT presented a harmine-independent antidepressant-like effect in mice submitted to the TST and FST. This effect occurs possibly via activation of serotonergic systems, particularly the 5-HT2A/2C receptors.

Malformações congênitas em ovinos - surto causado por Mimosa tenuiflora / Congenital malformationsin sheep - outbreak caused by Mimosa tenuiflora

Background: Congenital malformations are anomalies, structural or functional, that occur during the embryonic or fetal phase. There are several causes, one of which is the ingestion of toxic plants. Considering the importance of native toxic plants in the Central Backlands of Ceará state - Brazil, this paper reports cases of congenital malformations in sheep due to ingestion of Mimosa tenuiflora. Cases: Cases of abortion and malformations in sheep, were monitored in a rural property in the municipality of Piquet Carneiro with 20 ruminants (15 sheep and 5 cows) raised on a semi-intensive regime. The animals grazed during the day and were supplemented with corn, having unrestricted access to dam water. On its margins, there was a large amount of jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora), which the owner reported that the sheep consumed daily. The owner was unaware of the toxicity of M. tenuiflora but reported that cases of malformations had already occurred on his property some time ago. In an interval of approximately 12 days, 3 sheep miscarriage fetuses with multiple malformations. Malformed fetuses were referred for anatomopathological examination at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. The fetuses were necropsied and tissue samples of the nervous system and organs from the thoracic and abdominal cavities were collected, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, routinely processed for histopathology, included in paraffin, cut into 3 µm sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). At necropsies were observed permanent contracture of the thoracic limb joints (arthrogryposis), particularly at the radio-carpal joints; incomplete medial fusion of the palatal bone, with communication between the oral and nasal cavities (palatoschisis); hypoplasia of the mandibular bone (micrognathia); unilateral hypoplasia of the incisive bone with discontinuity of the upper lip (cheiloschisis); unilateral hypoplasia of the eyeball (microphthalmia); lateral curvature of the cervical spine (scoliosis); and chest deformity characterized by ventral protrusion of the sternum and ribs (Pectus carinatum). At the histopathological evaluation of the tissues, no alterations were observed. Discussion: The diagnosis was based on the epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological findings. The semi-intensive management system applied on the property predisposed the sheep to ingestion of M. tenuiflora, which grows abundantly on the property and throughout the Central Backlands of Ceará, Brazil, with a high rate of geographical coverage. Despite that, most rural producers, especially subsistence farmers, are unaware of the toxic and teratogenic properties of the plant. In the northeastern, where there are long periods of drought coupled with forage shortages, poisoning by M. tenuiflora is a common cause of malformation and mortality in lambs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt preventive measures in herds, such as raising awareness among producers about the toxic potential of some native plants and the practice of producing and supplying silage to animals, so that native toxic plants are not the only food source during the scarcity period.

Mycorrhizal inoculation as an alternative for the sustainable production of Mimosa tenuiflora seedlings with improved growth and secondary compounds content.

In this study, we report the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and increasing doses of phosphorus (P) on the growth and production of secondary metabolites in Mimosa tenuiflora, a medicinal species native to Brazil. We used a completely randomized design with four inoculation treatments: Control not inoculated (1); Claroideoglomus etunicatum (2); Gigaspora albida (3); and C. etunicatum + G. albida (4) and four doses of P; P0 - baseline dose, P8, P16 and P32. After 70 d in a greenhouse, growth, mycorrhizal variables, biochemical and phytochemical parameters were evaluated. Compared to non-mycorrhizal plants, mycorrhized M. tenuiflora seedlings showed greater: growth, greater photosynthetic performance and content of soluble carbohydrates and secondary metabolites, with the most significant benefits occurring in soil with low to moderate P content (up to 16 mg kg-1). The plant growth is severely restricted at low P levels, but the addition of AMF appears to remove this limiting factor. Although M. tenuiflora responds to levels of phosphate fertilization, it responds well to mycorrhizal inoculation, especially with G. albida, which promotes benefits for the initial growth and secondary metabolite content in this plant species of medical and potential commercial interest and may be used instead of phosphate fertilizer.

Dormancy overcoming, temperatures and substrates on germination of Mimosa tenuiflora Willd seeds / Superação de dormência, temperaturas e substratos na germinação de sementes de Mimosa tenuiflora Willd

Mimosa tenuiflora Willd., popularly known as jurema-preta, is an arboreal species of great importance for the brazilian Northeast due to its uses as a medicinal plant and in the restoration of degraded soils. No information is available in the Rules for Seed Analysis and the Instructions for Seed Analysis of Forest Species regarding ideal conditions for of this species. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the influence of pre-germination treatments, in addition to verifying the germination performance at different temperatures and in different substrates. In both experiments, four replicates of 25 seeds were used for each treatment. In experiment I, seeds were submitted to the following methods for overcoming dormancy: witness Intact seeds (T1) immersion in water at 100 °C for 1 (T2), 2 (T3), 3 (T4), 4 (T5), 5 (T6) and 6 min (T7), immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid for 1 (T8), 4 (T9), 7 (T10), 10 (T11) and 13 min (T12), scarification on sandpaper n° 80 (T13) and lopping in the region opposite the micropyle (T14). In experiment II, seed germination was evaluated in four types of substrates: between sand, paper on, paper roll and between vermiculite and at six different temperatures: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 °C and alternating between 20 and 30 °C. Immersion in hot water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min, sulfuric acid treatment for 10 and 13 min, sand paper and lopping were the most appropriate treatments to overcome seed dormancy. The seed germination of M. Tenuiflora should be carried out at 25 °C on paper roll substrate.(AU)

Mimosa tenuiflora Willd., conhecida popularmente como jurema-preta é uma espécie arbórea de grande importância para o Nordeste brasileiro pela sua multiplicidade de usos, como na medicina popular, recuperação de solos degradados e fixação de nitrogênio. Ainda não há informações disponíveis nas Regras para Análise de Sementes e nas Instruções para Análise de Sementes de Espécies Florestais com relação às condições ideais para condução do teste de germinação desta espécie. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da aplicação de tratamentos pré-germinativos, além de verificar o desempenho da germinação em diferentes temperaturas e substratos. Em ambos os experimentos foram utilizados quatro repetições de 25 sementes para cada tratamento. No experimento I, as sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes métodos para superação de dormência: testemunha sementes intactas (T1), imersão em água a 100 °C por um (T2), dois (T3), três (T4), quatro (T5), cinco (T6) e seis minutos (T7), imersão em ácido sulfúrico concentrado por um (T8), quatro (T9), sete (T10), dez (T11) e treze minutos (T12), escarificação em lixa n° 80 (T13) e desponte na região oposta a micrópila (T14). No experimento II, a germinação das sementes foi avaliada em quatro tipos de substratos: entre areia, sobre papel, rolo de papel e entre vermiculita e em seis temperaturas: 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C e alternada 20- 30 °C. A imersão em água quente por 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 minutos, ácido sulfúrico por 10 e 13 minutos, lixa e desponte são os tratamentos mais indicados para a superação de dormência da espécie. O teste de germinação de sementes de M. tenuiflora pode ser conduzido a 25 °C, no substrato rolo de papel.(AU)

Dormancy overcoming, temperatures and substrates on germination of Mimosa tenuiflora Willd seeds / Superação de dormência, temperaturas e substratos na germinação de sementes de Mimosa tenuiflora Willd

Mimosa tenuiflora Willd., popularly known as jurema-preta, is an arboreal species of great importance for the brazilian Northeast due to its uses as a medicinal plant and in the restoration of degraded soils. No information is available in the Rules for Seed Analysis and the Instructions for Seed Analysis of Forest Species regarding ideal conditions for of this species. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the influence of pre-germination treatments, in addition to verifying the germination performance at different temperatures and in different substrates. In both experiments, four replicates of 25 seeds were used for each treatment. In experiment I, seeds were submitted to the following methods for overcoming dormancy: witness – Intact seeds (T1) immersion in water at 100 °C for 1 (T2), 2 (T3), 3 (T4), 4 (T5), 5 (T6) and 6 min (T7), immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid for 1 (T8), 4 (T9), 7 (T10), 10 (T11) and 13 min (T12), scarification on sandpaper n° 80 (T13) and lopping in the region opposite the micropyle (T14). In experiment II, seed germination was evaluated in four types of substrates: between sand, paper on, paper roll and between vermiculite and at six different temperatures: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 °C and alternating between 20 and 30 °C. Immersion in hot water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min, sulfuric acid treatment for 10 and 13 min, sand paper and lopping were the most appropriate treatments to overcome seed dormancy. The seed germination of M. Tenuiflora should be carried out at 25 °C on paper roll substrate.

Mimosa tenuiflora Willd., conhecida popularmente como jurema-preta é uma espécie arbórea de grande importância para o Nordeste brasileiro pela sua multiplicidade de usos, como na medicina popular, recuperação de solos degradados e fixação de nitrogênio. Ainda não há informações disponíveis nas Regras para Análise de Sementes e nas Instruções para Análise de Sementes de Espécies Florestais com relação às condições ideais para condução do teste de germinação desta espécie. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da aplicação de tratamentos pré-germinativos, além de verificar o desempenho da germinação em diferentes temperaturas e substratos. Em ambos os experimentos foram utilizados quatro repetições de 25 sementes para cada tratamento. No experimento I, as sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes métodos para superação de dormência: testemunha – sementes intactas (T1), imersão em água a 100 °C por um (T2), dois (T3), três (T4), quatro (T5), cinco (T6) e seis minutos (T7), imersão em ácido sulfúrico concentrado por um (T8), quatro (T9), sete (T10), dez (T11) e treze minutos (T12), escarificação em lixa n° 80 (T13) e desponte na região oposta a micrópila (T14). No experimento II, a germinação das sementes foi avaliada em quatro tipos de substratos: entre areia, sobre papel, rolo de papel e entre vermiculita e em seis temperaturas: 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C e alternada 20- 30 °C. A imersão em água quente por 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 minutos, ácido sulfúrico por 10 e 13 minutos, lixa e desponte são os tratamentos mais indicados para a superação de dormência da espécie. O teste de germinação de sementes de M. tenuiflora pode ser conduzido a 25 °C, no substrato rolo de papel.

Composição química e produção de biomassa da jurema -preta (Mimosa tenuiflora WILD) Poir) Submetida a diferentes alturas de cortes

A jurema preta é uma leguminosa arbórea de substituição, pioneira no ambiente semiárido. Ela atua como forrageira nativa para os ruminantes, que consomem suas folhas, frutos e ramos tenros. Na fitopopulação da Caatinga semiárida, a jurema preta a adquire importância em função de sua frequência e abundância. Para possibilitar um melhor aproveitamento dessa espécie vegetal como forragem, vem se utilizando a técnica de rebaixamento, que tem por objetivo reduzir a altura das espécies lenhosas, estimular a rebrota. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos das diferentes alturas de corte na rebrotarão e sobrevivência da jurema preta, buscando estabelecer formas de manejo racional da Caatinga. Esta pesquisa revelou que a jurema preta poderá ser controlada através das práticas de corte já em uso na caatinga nordestina. E, que pra alcançar eficácia nestas ações recomenda-se que o corte se realize no mês de setembro e as alturas de corte a 75 e 100 cm acima do solo, com as rebrotas sendo cortadas quando seus caules atingirem diâmetro de 7 mm. Os dados colhidos demonstraram que o corte de uniformização em dezembro é de pouca eficácia, independente da altura do corte.

Avaliação de silagens de espécies de potencial uso forrageiro no semiárido

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade nutricional das silagens arbustivo-arbóreo adaptadas ao semiárido nordestino brasileiro, além de incluir algumas das espécies estudadas como aditivos na silagem de capim-elefante com função de melhorar as características fermentativas e as características químico-bromatológicas das silagens. A coleta das forrageiras e a confecção das silagens foram realizados no Setor de Forragicultura da Universidade Federa do Ceará (UFC) e as analises químico-bromatológica realizadas no Laboratório de Nutrição Animal da UFC. O primeiro experimento consistiu na avaliação da composição quimico-bromatológica das silagens de forrageiras leguminosas arbustivas-arbóreas adaptadas à Caatinga. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualisado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições os quais consistiam nas silagens de Jurema Preta, Sabiá, Algaroba, Jucá, leucena e gliricidia. Como silos experimentais foram utilizados mini silos com dimensões de 0,10m de diâmetro por 0,35 de altura, com densidade do material ensilado em torno de 600 kg/m³ com base em matéria natural. Para silagens das espécies leguminosas arbustivas-arbóreas o período para abertura das silagens foi de 42 dias após a confecção das mesmas, tempo suficiente para fermentação anaeróbia do material... As silagens de capim elefante com níveis de inclusão do Sabiá e Jurema Preta reduziram as perdas de efluentes influenciados pelos níveis de adição, porém a silagem de capim elefante adicionada de Sabiá apresentou um aumento de perdas gasosas e perdas totais. Quanto à composição químico-bromatológica das silagens com adição das leguminosas, observaram-se melhorias nas características fermentativas com relação à diminuição das perdas por efluentes, além de melhorar suas características químico-bromatológica em função da inclusão das forrageiras.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of silage shrub-tree adapted to semi-arid northeastern Brazil, and includes some of the species studied as additives in elephant grass silage with function improve fermentation characteristics and chemical, qualitative characteristics of silages. The collection of forage and silage production were performed in the Forage Section of the Federal University of Ceara and the analysis bromatological performed in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition of the Federal University of Ceara. The first experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition of the silages of forage legume adapted to arboreal-shrubby Caatinga. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with four replications and six treatments which consisted of the silages jurema preta, sabia, algaroba, jucá, leucaena and gliricidia. As experimental silos were used mini silos with dimensions of 0.10 m in diameter by 0.35 tall, with ensiled material density around 600 kg/m³ based on natural. For silages of leguminous shrub-tree period for opening the silage was 42 days after the making thereof, sufficient time for the anaerobic fermentation material. We analyzed chemical composition of silages of forage species to see which silages from legumes had good chemical, qualitative characteristics and which had better potential for silage production....The elephant grass silages with inclusion levels of sabia and jurema preta reduced effluent losses influenced by levels of addition, but the elephant grass silage added with sabia increased by gaseous losses and total losses. Regarding the chemicalbromatological composition of silages with addition of legumes, improvements were observed in fermentation characteristics in terms of decreasing the losses effluents, besides improving its features chemical-bromatological character due to the inclusion of forage.

Abordagem fitoquímica, composição bromatológica e atividade antibacteriana de Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret E Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke / Phytochemical approach, bromatologic composition and antibacterial activity of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret and Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke

A necessidade de encontrar novas drogas eficazes no combate microbiano temaumentado a cada dia e estimulado a busca de novos compostos naturais com atividadesbiológicas. Neste trabalho, realizaram-se estudo fitoquímico e análises microbiológicas comos extratos etanólicos das espécies (jurema-preta) Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret e (juremabranca)Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke, frente a linhagens de bactérias patogênicas. O póda casca do caule de ambas as espécies foi submetido à avaliação bromatológica edeterminados os teores de Matéria Seca, Matéria Mineral, Proteína Bruta, Fibra emDetergente Neutro e Energia Bruta. Os resultados para a prospecção química indicaram apresença de taninos e outros compostos fenólicos, bem como a presença de saponinas emambos os extratos. Os extratos das duas espécies demonstraram que mais de uma parte dasplantas possui atividade antimicrobiana. A composição bromatológica da casca do caule dejurema-preta e jurema-branca apresentou teores diferenciados para as variáveis avaliadas.(AU)

The need to find new efficient drugs to combat microbes has increasedthe search for new natural compounds with biological activities. In this work,phytochemical studies and microbiological analysis were carried out with the ethanolextracts of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret and Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke onpathogenic bacteria strains. The bark powders of both species were submitted tobromatologic evaluation and the levels of dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, neutraldetergent fiber (NDF) and crude energy were determined. The results of the chemicalsearch chemical showed the presence of tannins and other phenolic compounds as well asthe presence of saponins in both extracts. The microbiologic evaluation of the extracts ofboth species showed that more than one part of the plants had antimicrobial activity. Thebromatologic composition of the bark powder of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret andPiptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke showed different contents for analyzed variables.(AU)

Abordagem fitoquímica, composição bromatológica e atividade antibacteriana de Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret E Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke / Phytochemical approach, bromatologic composition and antibacterial activity of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret and Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke

A necessidade de encontrar novas drogas eficazes no combate microbiano tem aumentado a cada dia e estimulado a busca de novos compostos naturais com atividades biológicas. Neste trabalho, realizaram-se estudo fitoquímico e análises microbiológicas com os extratos etanólicos das espécies (jurema-preta) Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret e (jurema-branca) Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke, frente a linhagens de bactérias patogênicas. O pó da casca do caule de ambas as espécies foi submetido à avaliação bromatológica e determinados os teores de Matéria Seca, Matéria Mineral, Proteína Bruta, Fibra em Detergente Neutro e Energia Bruta. Os resultados para a prospecção química indicaram a presença de taninos e outros compostos fenólicos, bem como a presença de saponinas em ambos os extratos. Os extratos das duas espécies demonstraram que mais de uma parte das plantas possui atividade antimicrobiana. A composição bromatológica da casca do caule de jurema-preta e jurema-branca apresentou teores diferenciados para as variáveis avaliadas.

The need to find new efficient drugs to combat microbes has increased the search for new natural compounds with biological activities. In this work, phytochemical studies and microbiological analysis were carried out with the ethanol extracts of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret and Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke on pathogenic bacteria strains. The bark powders of both species were submitted to bromatologic evaluation and the levels of dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude energy were determined. The results of the chemical search chemical showed the presence of tannins and other phenolic compounds as well as the presence of saponins in both extracts. The microbiologic evaluation of the extracts of both species showed that more than one part of the plants had antimicrobial activity. The bromatologic composition of the bark powder of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret and Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth) Ducke showed different contents for analyzed variables.

Toxicidade do pólen de Mimosa tenuiflora para abelhas (Apis mellifera L) africanizadas / Toxicity of Mimosa tenuiflora pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L)

Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) is a xerophilous plant which is very common in degraded areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region, including areas of beekeeping. The ingestion of leaves from M. tenuiflora by ruminants is responsible for malformations. Chemical analyses of this plant revealed that it contains several secondary compounds including three triterpenoidal saponins, designated Mimonosides A–C, four flavones, five flavanones and four chalcones. Several plant species contain secondary compounds in nectar and pollen that could be toxic to pollinators, including bees. Experimental approaches are necessary to identify plant species that produce pollen that is toxic to bees. The present study aimed to determine the toxic potential of M. tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.).(AU)

Toxicity of Mimosa tenuiflora pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Background:  :  :  : Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) is a xerophilous plant which is very common in degraded areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region, including areas of beekeeping. The ingestion of leaves from M. tenuiflora by ruminants is responsible for malformations. Chemical analyses of this plant revealed that it contains several secondary compounds including three triterpenoidal saponins, designated Mimonosides AC, four flavones, five flavanones and four chalcones. Several plant species contain secondary compounds in nectar and pollen that could be toxic to pollinators, including bees. Experimental approaches are necessary to identify plant species that produce pollen that is toxic to bees. The present study aimed to determine the toxic potential of M. tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Materials, Methods & Results: The plant species utilized in this study was Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) and a voucher specimen was deposited (no. 9591) at the Dárdano de Andrade-Lima (MOSS) Herbarium, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. Pollen samples were collected near Mossoró city, RN, in northeastern Brazil (51115"S and 372039"W). Honeycombs that contained pupae of africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) were collected from the apiary of UFERSA. Newly em

Toxicity of Mimosa tenuiflora pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Background:  :  :  : Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) is a xerophilous plant which is very common in degraded areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region, including areas of beekeeping. The ingestion of leaves from M. tenuiflora by ruminants is responsible for malformations. Chemical analyses of this plant revealed that it contains several secondary compounds including three triterpenoidal saponins, designated Mimonosides AC, four flavones, five flavanones and four chalcones. Several plant species contain secondary compounds in nectar and pollen that could be toxic to pollinators, including bees. Experimental approaches are necessary to identify plant species that produce pollen that is toxic to bees. The present study aimed to determine the toxic potential of M. tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Materials, Methods & Results: The plant species utilized in this study was Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) and a voucher specimen was deposited (no. 9591) at the Dárdano de Andrade-Lima (MOSS) Herbarium, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. Pollen samples were collected near Mossoró city, RN, in northeastern Brazil (51115"S and 372039"W). Honeycombs that contained pupae of africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera) were collected from the apiary of UFERSA. Newly em

Toxicidade do pólen de Mimosa tenuiflora para abelhas (Apis mellifera L) africanizadas / Toxicity of Mimosa tenuiflora pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L)

Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) is a xerophilous plant which is very common in degraded areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region, including areas of beekeeping. The ingestion of leaves from M. tenuiflora by ruminants is responsible for malformations. Chemical analyses of this plant revealed that it contains several secondary compounds including three triterpenoidal saponins, designated Mimonosides A–C, four flavones, five flavanones and four chalcones. Several plant species contain secondary compounds in nectar and pollen that could be toxic to pollinators, including bees. Experimental approaches are necessary to identify plant species that produce pollen that is toxic to bees. The present study aimed to determine the toxic potential of M. tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. (Mimosaceae) pollen to Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.).

Atividade biológica da jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poir. ) sobre Staphylococcus aureus isolado de casos de mastite bovina / Biological Activity of jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret) on Staphylococcus aureus isolated of mastitis cattle

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade do Staphylococcus aureus ao extrato da jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poir.). Foram isoladas 25 cepas de S. aureus de amostras de leite de vacas com histórico de mastite clínica e subclínica, submetidas ao teste de atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de M. tenuiflora. Os testes de sensibilidade in vitro foram realizados utilizando o método de difusão em meio sólido. Em seguida foram inoculados 50 μL do extrato nas seguintes diluições 1:1; 1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16; 1:32; 1:64; 1:128; 1:256; 1:512. As placas foram incubadas a 37 °C, por um período de 24 a 48 h. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata. Observou-se halos de inibição entre 6 e 25 mm de diâmetro. O percentual de sensibilidade das amostras testadas foi distribuido em: 1:1 a 1:32 (100 por cento); 1:64 (92 por cento); 1: 128 (72 por cento); 1:256 (28 por cento); 1:512 (0 por cento). O estudo da M. tenuiflora sobre as amostras de S. aureus testadas demonstrou que a planta tem ação antimicrobiana.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the S.aureus to the extract of Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poir. (jurema-preta). Twenty five strains of S. aureus were isolated from milk samples with description of clinical and subclinical mastitis and submitted to antimicrobial activity test of the M. tenuiflora extract. The sensitivity in vitro tests were carried out using the agar difusion method (well diffusion method). After that, 50μL of the extract were inoculated in the following dilutions: 1:1; 1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16; 1:32; 1:64; 1:128; 1:256; 1:512. The plates were incubated at 37 ºC during 24 and 48 h. The tests were made in triplicate. Halos of inhibition were observed between 6 and 25 mm of diameter. The percentage of sensitivity of the tested samples was distributed in: 1:1 to 1:32 (100 percent), 1:64 (92 percent); 1: 128 (72 percent); 1:256 (28 percent); 1:512 (0 percent). The study of M. tenuiflora on the tested S. aureus samples it demonstrated that the plant has antimicrobial action.