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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 71(4): 317-323, abril 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232127

RESUMO

La anestesia neuroaxial en pacientes portadores de dispositivos de derivación de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) se ha asociado clásicamente a un alto riesgo de complicaciones. Con el fin de recabar toda la evidencia disponible, se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de los trabajos publicados en usuarios portadores de estos dispositivos, sometidos a algún tipo de técnica neuroaxial para procedimientos obstétricos o quirúrgicos no relacionados con el mismo, valorando la eficacia de la técnica y las complicaciones perioperatorias. Solo se encontraron series de casos y casos clínicos (n = 72). Se identificó uno de insuficiente cobertura anestésica, que precisó una modificación de la técnica, así como una complicación intraoperatoria con compromiso de seguridad para el sujeto. No se describió ningún caso de infección ni disfunciones posoperatorias del dispositivo relacionadas con el método anestésico. La evidencia hallada es escasa y de baja calidad, lo que no permite establecer conclusiones significativas, aunque los pacientes podrían beneficiarse de una valoración individualizada. (AU)


Neuraxial anesthesia in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt devices has traditionally been associated with a high risk of complications. In order to gather all available evidence, a structured search was conducted to include published studies involving users of these devices, undergoing any form of neuraxial technique for obstetric or surgical procedures unrelated to them. Effectiveness of the technique and perioperative complications were assessed. Only case series and case reports (n = 72) were identified. One patient was found to have insufficient anesthetic coverage, necessitating a modification of the technique, and another one had an intraoperative complication which compromised the subject's safety. No infection events or postoperative device dysfunction related to the anesthetic method were described. The evidence found is scarce and of low quality, preventing the establishment of significant conclusions. Nevertheless, patients may obtain benefit from an individualized evaluation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Hidrocefalia , Anestesia Epidural , Anestesia
2.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 282-291, Abr. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231693

RESUMO

Introducción: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa, progresiva y de etiología desconocida caracterizada por la degeneración de motoneuronas superiores e inferiores. Aproximadamente el 90% de los casos de ELA son esporádicos, mientras que el 10% restante se consideran familiares. Independientemente de si son familiares o esporádicas, los pacientes desarrollan una debilidad progresiva, atrofia muscular con espasticidad y contracturas. Por lo general, la esperanza de vida en los pacientes de ELA es de 2 a 5 años. Desarrollo: Los modelos in vivo han ayudado a explicar la etiología y la patogénesis, así como los mecanismos de la ELA. Sin embargo, estos mecanismos no están del todo esclarecidos aún, por lo que los modelos experimentales son fundamentales para continuar con el estudio de los mismos, así como para la búsqueda de posibles dianas terapéuticas. A pesar de que el 90% de los casos son esporádicos, la mayoría de los modelos utilizados hasta la actualidad para estudiar la patogénesis están basados en las mutaciones genéticas asociadas a la enfermedad familiar, lo que provoca que la patogénesis de la ELA esporádica no sea aún conocida. Por tanto, sería fundamental el estudio de la enfermedad en modelos basados en la enfermedad esporádica. Conclusión: En el presente artículo se han revisado los principales modelos experimentales, tanto genéticos como esporádicos, utilizados en el estudio de esta enfermedad, enfocándonos en los que se han desarrollado utilizando el roedor como plataforma experimental.(AU)


Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease whose aetiology is unknown. It is characterised by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. Approximately 90% of cases of ALS are sporadic, whereas the other 10% are familial. Regardless of whether the case is familial or sporadic, patients will develop progressive weakness, muscle atrophy with spasticity, and muscle contractures. Life expectancy of these patients is generally 2–5 years after diagnosis. Development: In vivo models have helped to clarify the aetiology and pathogenesis of ALS, as well as the mechanisms of the disease. However, as these mechanisms are not yet fully understood, experimental models are essential to the continued study of the pathogenesis of ALS, as well as in the search for possible therapeutic targets. Although 90% of cases are sporadic, most of the models used to study ALS pathogenesis are based on genetic mutations associated with the familial form of the disease; the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS remains unknown. Therefore, it would be critical to establish models based on the sporadic form. Conclusion: This article reviews the main genetic and sporadic experimental models used in the study of this disease, focusing on those that have been developed using rodents.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Camundongos , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/diagnóstico , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
3.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 99(6): 260-264, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38521348

RESUMO

Optic neuritis is a rare manifestation of syphilis, and the involvement of the central nervous system should be considered synonymous with neurosyphilis. This infectious disease, well known as the great imitator, can affect any structure and produce multiple clinical symptoms. Here, we report a case of a 62- year-old male patient who presented to our service with decreased vision and myodesopsias in right eye. The posterior segment showed a hyperemic nerve with peripapillary hemorrhages and retinal pigment epithellium hyperplasia. The patient was recently diagnosed with HIV. Serology for syphilis was positive with posterior decreased levels of nontreponemal test following treatment with ceftriaxone. Optic neuritis can occur at any stage of syphilis and must always be considered a differential diagnosis.


Assuntos
Neurite Óptica , Sífilis , Humanos , Masculino , Neurite Óptica/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sífilis/complicações , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Neurossífilis/complicações , Neurossífilis/diagnóstico , Neurossífilis/tratamento farmacológico
4.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431253

RESUMO

Primary intracranial pressure disorders include idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Remarkable advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of these 2entities in recent years. Therefore, the Spanish Society of Neurology's Headache Study Group (GECSEN) deemed it necessary to prepare this consensus statement, including diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms to facilitate and improve the management of these disorders in clinical practice. This document was created by a committee of experts belonging to GECSEN, and is based on a systematic review of the literature, incorporating the experience of the participants, and establishes practical recommendations with levels of evidence and grades of recommendation.

5.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 66(1): 78-89, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38365357

RESUMO

The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence forms part of the vast majority of current diagnostic protocols for brain MRI. This sequence enables the suppression of the signal from cerebrospinal fluid, facilitating the detection of disease involving the subarachnoid space. The causes of hyperintensity in the arachnoid space in this sequence can be divided into two main categories: hyperintensity due to disease and hyperintensity due to artifacts. Hyperintensity due to tumors, inflammation, vascular disease, or hypercellularity of the cerebrospinal fluid or hematic contents is well known. However, numerous other non-pathological conditions, mainly due to artifacts, that are also associated with this finding are a potential source of diagnostic errors.


Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doenças Vasculares , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Espaço Subaracnóideo/diagnóstico por imagem , Espaço Subaracnóideo/patologia , Neuroimagem , Artefatos
6.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 35(1): 45-50, enero-febrero 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229502

RESUMO

Hydrocephalus, an extremely rare complication of craniocervical junction injuries, is postulated to result from compression of the fourth ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outlets by fractured and displaced bone fragments, a swollen upper spinal cord or adhesions formed after a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman for whom an injury to the cervical spine complicated by a type I atlanto-occipital dislocation contributed to the development of non-communicating hydrocephalus. The hydrocephalus was probably a consequence of impaired CSF circulation at the fourth ventricular outlets (the foramina of Luschka and Magendie), caused by post-haemorrhagic adhesions formed after severe injury to the craniocervical junction. (AU)


La hidrocefalia, una complicación extremadamente rara de las lesiones de la unión craneocervical se considera resultado del bloqueo de las salidas del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) del cuarto ventrículo por los fragmentos óseos fracturados y desplazados, la inflamación de la médula espinal superior o las adherencias formadas después de una hemorragia subaracnoidea traumática. Se reporta caso clínico de una mujer de 21 años en el que la lesión de la columna cervical complicada por una luxación atlanto-occipital de tipo I contribuyó al desarrollo de una hidrocefalia no comunicante. La hidrocefalia probablemente fue consecuencia de una obstrucción del flujo del LCR fuera del cuarto ventrículo (agujeros de Luschka y Magendie), debida a las adherencias post-hemorrágicas formadas después de la grave lesión de la unión craneocervical. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Vértebras Cervicais , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Luxações Articulares/complicações , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Medula Espinal
7.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 66(1): 78-89, Ene-Feb, 2024. mapas, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229648

RESUMO

La secuencia fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) forma parte hoy en día de la gran mayoría de protocolos diagnósticos de RM cerebral. Esta secuencia de inversión-recuperación permite una supresión de la señal del líquido cefalorraquídeo, lo que facilita la detección de enfermedad que afecta al espacio subaracnoideo. Las causas de hiperintensidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo en esta secuencia pueden subdividirse en 2grandes grupos, las patológicas y las debidas a artefactos. Son bien conocidas la etiología tumoral, la inflamatoria, la vascular o las debidas a hipercelularidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo o a ocupación por contenido hemático. Sin embargo, existen numerosas condiciones no patológicas, principalmente debidas a artefactos, que se relacionan con este hallazgo constituyendo una potencial fuente de errores diagnósticos.(AU)


The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence forms part of the vast majority of current diagnostic protocols for brain MRI. This sequence enables the suppression of the signal from cerebrospinal fluid, facilitating the detection of disease involving the subarachnoid space. The causes of hyperintensity in the arachnoid space in this sequence can be divided into two main categories: hyperintensity due to disease and hyperintensity due to artifacts. Hyperintensity due to tumors, inflammation, vascular disease, or hypercellularity of the cerebrospinal fluid or hematic contents is well known. However, numerous other non-pathological conditions, mainly due to artifacts, that are also associated with this finding are a potential source of diagnostic errors.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Espaço Subaracnóideo
8.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) ; 71(4): 317-323, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38354774

RESUMO

Neuraxial anesthesia in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt devices has traditionally been associated with a high risk of complications. In order to gather all available evidence, a structured search was conducted to include published studies involving users of these devices, undergoing any form of neuraxial technique for obstetric or surgical procedures unrelated to them. Effectiveness of the technique and perioperative complications were assessed. Only case series and case reports (n = 72) were identified. One patient was found to have insufficient anesthetic coverage, necessitating a modification of the technique, and another one had an intraoperative complication which compromised the subject's safety. No infection events or postoperative device dysfunction related to the anesthetic method were described. The evidence found is scarce and of low quality, preventing the establishment of significant conclusions. Nevertheless, patients may obtain benefit from an individualized evaluation.


Assuntos
Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Humanos , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Anestesia Epidural/métodos , Anestesia Epidural/efeitos adversos , Raquianestesia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Gravidez
9.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 35(3): 122-126, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38295900

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To use third ventricle morphometric variables as a tool for the selection of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) who are candidates for ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study enrolling patients with iNPH. Katzman infusion test was performed and a Rout > 12 mmHg/mL/min was considered a positive result. The transverse diameter and the volume of the third ventricle were measured in the preoperative MRI. Postoperative improvement was assessed with the NPH score. The results were analysed with SPSS software. RESULTS: 52 patients with a mean age of 76 years were analysed. There was no difference in the diameter of the third ventricle among patients with a positive result and those with a negative result in the infusion test (12.28 vs 11.68 mm; p = 0.14). Neither were difference detected in the ventricle volume of both groups (3.6 vs 3.5cc; p = 0.66). Those patients who improved after VPS had a smaller third ventricle compared to those who did not respond after surgery (11.85 mm vs. 12.96 mm; p = 0.009). Diameter and volume of third ventricle present a significant strong correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.72; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Morphometric variables of third ventricle may be useful in predicting a good response to VPS in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.


Assuntos
Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Terceiro Ventrículo , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Humanos , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia de Pressão Normal/cirurgia , Terceiro Ventrículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Terceiro Ventrículo/cirurgia , Terceiro Ventrículo/patologia , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Tamanho do Órgão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seleção de Pacientes
10.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(3): 282-291, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37116688

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease whose aetiology is unknown. It is characterised by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration. Approximately 90% of cases of ALS are sporadic, whereas the other 10% are familial. Regardless of whether the case is familial o sporadic, patients will develop progressive weakness, muscle atrophy with spasticity, and muscle contractures. Life expectancy of these patients is generally 2 to 5 years after diagnosis. DEVELOPMENT: In vivo models have helped to clarify the aetiology and pathogenesis of ALS, as well as the mechanisms of the disease. However, as these mechanisms are not yet fully understood, experimental models are essential to the continued study of the pathogenesis of ALS, as well as in the search for possible therapeutic targets. Although 90% of cases are sporadic, most of the models used to study ALS pathogenesis are based on genetic mutations associated with the familial form of the disease; the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS remains unknown. Therefore, it would be critical to establish models based on the sporadic form. CONCLUSIONS: This article reviews the main genetic and sporadic experimental models used in the study of this disease, focusing on those that have been developed using rodents.


Assuntos
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Mutação
11.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 35(1): 45-50, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36948459

RESUMO

Hydrocephalus, an extremely rare complication of craniocervical junction injuries, is postulated to result from compression of the fourth ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outlets by fractured and displaced bone fragments, a swollen upper spinal cord or adhesions formed after a traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman for whom an injury to the cervical spine complicated by a type I atlanto-occipital dislocation contributed to the development of non-communicating hydrocephalus. The hydrocephalus was probably a consequence of impaired CSF circulation at the fourth ventricular outlets (the foramina of Luschka and Magendie), caused by post-haemorrhagic adhesions formed after severe injury to the craniocervical junction.


Assuntos
Hidrocefalia , Luxações Articulares , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Luxações Articulares/complicações , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Cervicais , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Medula Espinal , Acidentes de Trânsito
12.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559797

RESUMO

Introducción: La infiltración del sistema nervioso central por células malignas constituye una complicación grave de algunas neoplasias hematológicas, principalmente leucemias agudas y linfomas agresivos. Objetivo: Resumir la base científica y la significación clínica de los métodos de estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de la infiltración neuromeníngea en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas. Métodos: Se buscó información durante abril de 2021 en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y SciELO. Se seleccionaron las publicaciones en base a su tipología, actualidad, alcance y las limitaciones de los estudios. Conclusiones: El estudio citomorfológico del líquido cefalorraquídeo se considera el método estándar para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de la infiltración neuromeníngea. La citometría de flujo resulta más sensible para la detección de infiltración oculta que la citología convencional; pero aún existen reservas sobre su significación clínica. Se investiga también la sensibilidad de otros estudios moleculares como el uso de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y la detección de biomarcadores.


Introduction: Infiltration of the central nervous system by malignant cells constitutes a serious complication of some hematological malignancies, mainly acute leukemias and aggressive lymphomas. Objective: To summarize the scientific basis and clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid study methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuromeningeal infiltration in patients with hematologic malignancies. Methods: Information was searched during April 2021 in PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciELO databases. Publications were selected based on their typology, timeliness, scope, and study limitations. Conclusions: The cytomorphological study of cerebrospinal fluid is considered the standard method for the diagnosis and follow-up of neuromeningeal infiltration. Flow cytometry is more sensitive for the detection of occult infiltration than conventional cytology, but there are still reservations about its clinical significance. The sensitivity of other molecular studies such as the use of PCR and biomarker detection is also investigated.

13.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 52(4)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559859

RESUMO

Introducción: Los abordajes endonasales endoscópicos son los procedimientos de elección para tumores mediales en la base craneal por su seguridad y efectividad. La reparación de la base craneal constituye un elevado desafío. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la construcción de una barrera de reconstrucción de la base craneal en pacientes con tumores de la base craneal operados por procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, que incluyó a 70 pacientes del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras operados de tumores de la base craneal por procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos. Se construyó una barrera de reparación de la base craneal para aislar el compartimiento nasosinusal del intracraneal. Se determinó la eficiencia de la barrera de reparación mediante aspectos clínicos y endoscópicos. Se definieron aspectos a evaluar en relación con la vitalidad de la barrera de reparación con el empleo de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos. Resultados: Se evidenció una barrera de reparación eficiente en el 98,6 %. En relación con estado de vitalidad de la barrera se apreció una adherencia, granulación en el 98,6 % de pacientes, mientras una angiogénesis de 97,1%. La incidencia de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo posoperatoria fue de solo 1,4 %. Conclusiones: El presente estudio evidencia el efecto positivo de la construcción de una barrera de reparación eficiente de la base craneal por vía endonasal endoscópica con disminución significativa de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y sus complicaciones.


Introduction: Endoscopic endonasal approaches are the procedures of choice for medial tumors in the cranial base given their safety and effectiveness. Repair of the cranial base constitutes a high challenge. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of constructing a cranial base reconstruction barrier in patients with cranial base tumors operated on by endoscopic endonasal approaches. Method: A descriptive study was carried out, which included 70 patients from the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital operated on for cranial base tumors using endoscopic endonasal approaches. A cranial base repair barrier was constructed to isolate the sinonasal and intracranial compartments. The efficiency of the repair barrier was determined through clinical and endoscopic aspects. Aspects were defined to be evaluated in relation to the vitality of the repair barrier with the use of fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes. Results: An efficient repair barrier was evident in 98.6%. In relation to the state of vitality of the barrier, adhesion and granulation were observed in 98.6% of patients, while angiogenesis was observed in 97.1%. The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak was only 1.4%. Conclusions: The present study shows the positive effect of the construction of an efficient repair barrier of the cranial base in endoscopic endonasal approaches with a significant reduction in cerebrospinal fluid leak and its complications.

14.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 61(6): 767-775, 2023 Nov 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37995329

RESUMO

Background: There are severe neurological conditions in patients with COVID-19, such as: cerebrovascular disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, encephalitis, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy and myelitis. Objective: We describe that the patient with SARS-CoV 2 with respiratory symptoms has subtle or subclinical neurological manifestations. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical study, which included patients aged 18-65 years with respiratory symptoms and a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Intubated patients with chronic neurodegenerative diseases or pre-existing neurological compromise were excluded. Semiology of the headache and neurological examination were performed; Serum levels of glucose, protein, electrolytes, lactate, C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, and D-dimer were measured. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and electroencephalogram (EEG) were also performed in patients who accepted the risks. Results: A high prevalence of subtle neurological manifestations was found in patients with COVID-19 with only a respiratory clinical picture. Headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, and hypopalesthesia predominated in the early stages, with frequent abnormal findings in the CSF (>70%) and less frequently in the EEG (<20%). Conclusions: Headache, anosmia, dysgeusia and hypoesthesia were frequent at the beginning of the infection, together with abnormal findings in CSF and EEG, without other neurological symptoms or neurological disease.


Introducción: existen condiciones neurológicas severas en pacientes con COVID-19, como: enfermedad cerebrovascular, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, encefalitis, encefalopatía necrotizante hemorrágica aguda y mielitis. Objetivo: describimos que el paciente con SARS-CoV-2 con síntomas respiratorios tiene manifestaciones neurológicas sutiles o subclínicas. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, transversal, analítico, que incluyó pacientes de 18-65 años con síntomas respiratorios y diagnóstico de COVID-19 confirmado. Se excluyeron pacientes intubados, con enfermedades neurodegenerativas crónicas o compromiso neurológico preexistente. Se realizó semiología de la cefalea y exploración neurológica; Se midieron los niveles séricos de glucosa, proteínas, electrolitos, lactato, proteína C reactiva, deshidrogenasa láctica y dímero D. También se realizaron análisis de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y un electroencefalograma (EEG) en los pacientes que aceptaron los riesgos. Resultados: se encontró alta prevalencia de manifestaciones neurológicas sutiles en pacientes con COVID-19 con solo cuadro clínico respiratorio. Cefalea, anosmia, disgeusia e hipopalestesia predominaron en las primeras etapas, con hallazgos anormales frecuentes en el LCR (>70%) y con menos frecuencia en el EEG (<20%). Conclusiones: la cefalea, anosmia, disgeusia e hipoestesia fueron frecuentes al inicio de la infección, junto con hallazgos anormales en LCR y EEG, sin otros síntomas neurológicos ni enfermedad neurológica.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/complicações , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Disgeusia , Anosmia , Estudos Transversais , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Cefaleia/etiologia , Cefaleia/epidemiologia
15.
Cir Cir ; 91(5): 627-632, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37844888

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Acidosis is the most dangerous complication in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic cerebrospinal fluid on central canal structures after SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight hybrid rabbits were studied. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid pH values were recorded before/during/after the experimental procedures. The structures related to the central canals at the level of C5 of the cervical spinal cord were then examined histopathologically. The relationship between pH values of ependymal cells and degenerated epithelial cell densities was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Mean blood pH values and degenerated ependymal cell density (n/mm2) were as follows: 7.351 ± 0.033/23 ± 7 in control, 7.322 ± 0.059/78 ± 13 in SHAM, and 7.261 ± 0.048/254 ± 62 in study animals. Gross examinations revealed swelling, edema, pia-arachnoid adhesions, ventral canal dilatation, arachnoiditis, central canal hemorrhage, occlusions, and dilatation in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION: Cerebrospinal fluid acidosis-induced central channel pathologies should be considered an important complication of SAH following SAH.


OBJETIVO: La acidosis es la complicación más peligrosa en la hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA). El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto del líquido cefalorraquídeo ácido en las estructuras del canal central tras la HSA. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 28 conejos híbridos. Se registraron los valores de pH de la sangre y del líquido cefalorraquídeo antes, durante y después de los procedimientos experimentales. A continuación se examinaron histopatológicamente las estructuras relacionadas con los canales centrales a nivel de C5 de la médula espinal cervical. Se analizó estadísticamente la relación entre los valores de pH de las células ependimarias y las densidades de células epiteliales degeneradas. RESULTADOS: Los valores medios de pH en sangre y la densidad de células ependimarias degeneradas (n/mm2) fueron los siguientes: 7.351 ± 0.033/23 ± 7 en el control, 7.322 ± 0.059/78 ± 13 en el SHAM, 7.261 ± 0.048/254 ± 62 en los animales del estudio. Los exámenes macroscópicos revelaron hinchazón, edema, adherencias pia-aracnoideas, dilatación del canal ventral, aracnoiditis, hemorragia del canal central, oclusiones y dilatación en la médula espinal. CONCLUSIONES: Las patologías del canal central inducidas por la acidosis del líquido cefalorraquídeo deben considerarse como una complicación importante de la HSA tras una hemorragia subaracnoidea.


Assuntos
Acidose , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea , Animais , Coelhos , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/complicações , Medula Espinal , Acidose/complicações , Acidose/patologia
16.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 34(4): 208-212, jul.- ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223513

RESUMO

The widespread use of decompressive craniectomy and subsequent cranioplasty has led to a better understanding of its complications. However, cases of a sunken bone flap have hardly ever been described. We present the eighth case reported up to date and perform a review of the literature of this sporadic complication. A 40-year-old Caucasian male suffered a traumatic brain injury that required a decompressive craniectomy. One month after initial trauma autologous cranioplasty was performed. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was also placed. Neurological status progressively improved but his therapist noted cognitive status decline 8 months later. Follow-up computed tomography showed a progressive sinking bone flap. The patient underwent bone flap removal and a custom-made calcium phosphate-based implant was inserted, leading to symptoms resolution. Bone resorption has been described as the main cause of sinking bone flap following cranioplasty. This entity may manifest with symptoms of overdrainage in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunt devices (AU)


El uso extendido de la craniectomía descompresiva y la consiguiente craneoplastia ha propiciado un mejor conocimiento de sus complicaciones. Sin embargo, esporádicamente se han descrito casos de hundimiento del colgajo óseo. Describimos el octavo caso descrito hasta la fecha y realizamos una revisión de la literatura de esta infrecuente complicación. Un varón de 40 años sufrió un traumatismo craneoencefálico que requirió craniectomía descompresiva. Un mes después se sometió a la reposición de su colgajo óseo, junto con la implantación de una derivación ventriculoperitoneal. Presentó mejoría neurológica progresiva que se frenó y empeoró ocho meses después. La tomografía computarizada de control mostró hundimiento progresivo del colgajo óseo. El paciente se sometió a la retirada del colgajo óseo y cranioplastia con implante a medida, con resolución de los síntomas. La resorción ósea se ha descrito como la principal causa del hundimiento del colgajo óseo tras cranioplastia. Sin embargo, esta entidad puede manifestarse como síntomas de sobredrenaje en pacientes con derivación de líquido cefalorraquídeo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/complicações , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/cirurgia , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
17.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 86(3): 235-244, jul.-set. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560325

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo : Describir los agentes patógenos más frecuentes de la meningitis neonatal en el Perú. Material y métodos : Estudio descriptivo, comparativo y de corte transversal. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de PubMed y SciELO con las palabras clave «meningitis¼, «neonatal¼ y «Perú¼, y en los repositorios virtuales de las facultades de Medicina del Perú con las palabras clave «meningitis¼ y «neonatal¼, entre los años 2001 y 2021. Asimismo, dos revisores independientes evaluaron los títulos y abstracts de los artículos para su inclusión. Resultados : Se encontraron 477 artículos, de los cuales cinco fueron incluidos. De estos últimos, dos fueron excluidos por falta de datos descriptivos de los gérmenes, quedando tres elegidos. Conclusiones : Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus coagulasa-negativo y Escherichia coli, con predominio de bacterias grampositivas. La etiología viral fue poco frecuente y de presentación tardía. Solo se registró un caso por Candida albicans. No se encontraron registros de vigilancia epidemiológica de meningitis neonatal.


ABSTRACT Objective : To describe the most frequent pathogenic agents identified in neonatal meningitis in Peru. Material and methods : Descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study based on data bases from PubMed and SciELO, using the key words "Neonatal", "Meningitis" and "Perú", and from virtual repositories of medical schools in Peru, with the key words "Neonatal" and "Meningitis", between 2001 and 2021. Two independent reviewers assessed the articles' titles and abstracts to be included. Results : 477 articles were found from which only 5 were included; 2 studies were excluded due to lack of descriptive identification of the microorganisms, so that only 3 studies were finally selected. Conclusions : The most frequently found microorganisms were Listeria monocytogenes, coagulada-negative Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli, predominantly grampositive bacterias. The viral etiology was uncommon, and all cases had a late onset. There was only 1 case due to Candida albicans. An epidemiologic monitoring of neonatal meningitis is not established in Peru.

18.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 39(2)jun. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533492

RESUMO

Introducción: El sistema glinfático comprende el conjunto de rutas perivasculares tanto arteriales como venosas que se encuentran en estrecha asociación con células astrogliales y que permiten la interacción entre el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y el líquido intersticial cerebral (LIC), para llevar a cabo procesos como la depuración de los metabolitos de desecho celular, o la distribución de nutrientes, así como contribuir al metabolismo cerebral local, la transmisión de volumen y la señalización paracrina cerebral. Contenidos: Este artículo busca profundizar en los conceptos anatómicos y fisiológicos, hasta el momento descritos, sobre este sistema macroscópico de transporte. Se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica de revisiones y estudios experimentales sobre la anatomía, la fisiología y las implicaciones fisiopatológicas del sistema glinfático. Conclusiones: La identificación anatómica y funcional del sistema glinfático ha ampliado el conocimiento sobre la regulación del metabolismo cerebral en cuanto a distribución de nutrientes y cascadas de señalización celular. Al establecer una interacción entre el espacio subaracnoideo subyacente y el espacio intersticial cerebral, el sistema glinfático surge como uno de los mecanismos protagonistas de la homeostasis cerebral. La disfunción de esta vía hace parte de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de múltiples trastornos neurológicos, ya sea por la acumulación de macromoléculas, como ocurre en la enfermedad de Alzheimer, o por la reducción del drenaje de sustancias químicas y citocinas proinflamatorias en patologías como la migraña o el trauma craneoencefálico.


Introduction: The glympathic system comprises the set of perivascular routes, arterials or venous, that are found in close relationship with astroglial cells and allow interaction between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the interstitial brain fluid (ISF), to carry processes like cell-wasting metabolites depuration, nutrients distribution, as well as make a contribution in the local brain metabolism, volumen transmition and brain paracrine signaling. Contents: This article seeks to deepen in the anatomical and physiological concepts, so far described, about this macroscopic transport system. A bibliographic search of reviews and experimental studies on the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiological implications of the glymphatic system is carried out. Conclusions: Anatomical and functional identification of glympathic system has broaden the knowledge about regulation of brain metabolism on the nutrients distribution and cell signaling cascades. When setting an interaction between the subarachnoid space and the brain interstitial space, the glymphatic system arise as one of the leading mechanisms of brain homeostasis. Disfunction of this pathway makes part of the patophysiological mechanisms of multiple neurological disease, either be by collection of macromolecules as in Alzheimer's disease, or by the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and chemical substances drainage as in migraine or traumatic brain injury (TBI).


Assuntos
Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Aquaporina 4 , Sistema Glinfático , Astrócitos , Homeostase
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 151(5)mayo 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1560217

RESUMO

Introducción: El compromiso del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) en hemopatías malignas es un marcador de mal pronóstico y es habitualmente estudiado por citometría de flujo o citología. Ocasionalmente, las muestras de LCR oligocelulares (≤ 5 céls/dL) pueden ser consideradas como no aptas para diagnóstico por la baja cantidad de eventos. Objetivo: Evaluar la proporción de muestras reportadas como valorables para diagnóstico obtenidas por citometría y citología en muestras de LCR oligocelular. Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron 169 muestras de LCR oligocelular correspondientes a 115 pacientes con hemopatías malignas. Las muestras fueron obtenidas mediante punción lumbar en tubos acondicionados con EDTA y preservante celular (Transfix®). El inmunofenotipo se realizó con panel de 8 colores, 55 (32%) de las cuales se hizo con panel para pequeñas muestras (SST). En todos los casos se incluyó CD14 para identificación de monocitos y CD3 para linfocitos T. La adquisición se realizó en citómetro FACSCantoII® y el análisis en software Infinicyt®. Resultados: La proporción de muestras valorables fue mayor en citometría en comparación con la citología (98% vs 61%, p < 0,000). En la mayoría se identificaron linfocitos T (98%) y/o monocitos (90%). En las muestras con SST, la cantidad de eventos obtenida fue menor en muestras con < de 1 mL (140 vs 556, p < 0,001) y se logró identificar una mediana de 3 poblaciones celulares. Conclusión: La citometría proporciona una mayor cantidad de muestras valorables en los LCR paucicelulares en relación con la citología en muestras de LCR enviadas para estudio de compromiso de LCR por hemopatías malignas.


Background: The alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in hematologic neoplasms is a poor prognostic marker. The characteristics of CSF are usually analyzed by flow cytometry or cytology. However, paucicellular CSF samples (≤5 cells/dL) can sometimes be considered unsuitable for analysis due to the low number of events. Objective: To evaluate the proportion of samples reported as suitable for analysis obtained by cytometry (FCM) and cytology in paucicellular CSF samples. Material and Methods: 169 samples ofpaucicellular CSF corresponding to 115 patients with hematologic neoplasms were selected. The samples were obtained by lumbar puncture in tubes conditioned with EDTA and Transfix®. We characterized the immunophenotype ofCSF samples with an 8-color panel, and 55 samples (32%) were in a small sample tube (SST). In all cases, monocytes were identified by CD14 labeling and T lymphocytes by CD3 labeling. The acquisition was carried out in a FACSCantoII® cytometer, and the analysis was performed using Infinicyt® software. Results: The proportion of samples suitable for analysis was higher in FCM compared to cytology (98% vs 61%, p < 0.000). We identified the presence of T lymphocytes and/or monocytes in most samples (98% and 90%, respectively). In the SST samples, the number of events recorded in low-volume samples (< 1 mL) was lower than in samples with higher volume (140 vs 556, p < 0.001), with a median of identification of 3 cell populations. Conclusion: FCM allows the analysis of a higher proportion ofpaucicellular CSF samples than cytology in hematologic neoplasms study.

20.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 34(2): 93-96, mar.-abr. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-217070

RESUMO

Cerebral Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are presumed congenital anomalies of the blood vessels, which can increase intracranial pressure by uncertain mechanisms. We report the rare case of a 55-year-old male patient who complained about CSF rhinorrhea. Persisting CSF leakage prompted CT, which evidenced a bone defect in the right middle cranial fossa with protruding brain tissue. The diagnosis of a sphenoidal meningoencephalocele was made. Neuroimaging evidenced an AVM Spetzler Martin V. The lesion was targeted via an endonasal approach with resection of the herniated brain tissue and closure of the bony and dural defects. The postoperative course was uneventful without recurrence of the CSF fistula. Documentation of these cases is essential to come up with standardized therapeutical protocols and follow-up. Nevertheless, conservative management of the AVM and surgical repair of the bone defects is an appropriate approach in the first instance, depending on the morphology and characterization of the AVM (AU)


Las malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV) son consideradas anomalías congénitas de los vasos sanguíneos; estas pueden aumentar la presión intracraneal a través de mecanismos inciertos. Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 55 años con presencia de rinolicuorrea de larga data. Se realizó la toma de una TC de cráneo, evidenciando un defecto óseo en la fosa craneal media derecha con protrusión de tejido cerebral, diagnosticando un meningoencefalocele esfenoidal. Las imágenes complementarias evidenciaron una MAV Spetzler-Martin V. La lesión fue tratada con un abordaje endonasal resecando el tejido cerebral herniado con cierre de los defectos dural y óseo. En el postoperatorio no hubo recurrencia de rinolicuorrea. La documentación de estos casos es esencial para generar protocolos estandarizados de tratamiento y seguimiento. En nuestra experiencia el manejo conservador de la MAV y el reparo quirúrgico de los defectos es un abordaje adecuado, teniendo en cuenta la morfología y caracterización de la MAV (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Meningocele/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/complicações , Rinorreia de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/complicações , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Meningocele/diagnóstico por imagem , Meningocele/cirurgia
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