Principles for Worker-Driven Remedy.

Workers in global supply chains face forced labour, hazardous working conditions, excessive overtime, violence, union busting, and other abuses. They may be cheated of wages and bonuses promised by recruiters or dismissed without due process. They need remedy and, in fact, have a right to an effective remedy, but remedy for business-related harms in global supply chains is rare. The Principles for Worker-Driven Remedy offer a framework for making remedy a reality for workers when their rights are violated and when they are harmed in global supply chains. Developed by Electronics Watch in consultation with trade unions, labour rights organizations, and public buyers, the Principles put affected workers at the heart of the remedy process. Electronics Watch will develop tools and procedures to help public buyers to use the Principles in supplier engagement, tenders, and contract management. We encourage companies and other organizations to adopt and adapt them to address harm to workers in supply chains.

Shared Responsibility and Labor Rights in Global Supply Chains.

The article presents a novel normative model of shared responsibility for remedying unjust labor conditions and protecting workers' rights in global supply chains. While existing literature on labor governance in the globalized economy tends to focus on empirical and conceptual investigations, the article contributes to the emerging scholarship by proposing moral justifications for labor governance schemes that go beyond voluntary private regulations and include public enforcement mechanisms. Drawing on normative theories of justice and on empirical-legal research, our Labor Model of Shared Responsibility introduces three main claims: First, that responsibility for protecting and promoting labor standards in global supply chains should be shared by all private and institutional actors involved (whether directly or indirectly) in the production and distribution processes. Second, we offer a normative model for allocating responsibility among the various actors, based on five principles: connectedness, contribution, benefit, capacity, and power. Last, we demonstrate how the normative model could be implemented through various national and international institutional mechanisms.

Plataformas digitais de entrega de alimentação: condições de trabalho e riscos para a saúde / Digital food delivery platforms: working conditions and health risks

Resumo O isolamento social provocado pela pandemia do covid-19 acelerou um processo que já estava em curso: a plataformização da economia. Uma das aplicações presentes nesse processo foi a distribuição de comida por motoboys, ocasionando uma transformação radical das condições de trabalho, que necessita ser investigada. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi discutir essas condições e os riscos que representam para a saúde do trabalhador. 14 entregadores de alimentos foram entrevistados, suas falas foram gravadas e transcritas para análise temática, obtendo dois principais resultados: a precarização das condições de trabalho e a vulneração da saúde. A plataforma promete independência e autonomia quanto ao trabalho, mas, ao mesmo tempo, cria insegurança, não garantindo nenhuma proteção trabalhista nem subsistência financeira estável, por não assegurar os meios para o trabalho. Por outro lado, essa precarização do trabalho produz riscos para a saúde. Essa situação demanda uma discussão sobre o amparo legal dos direitos e a proteção da saúde desses trabalhadores.

Abstract The social distancing brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic sped up a process that was already underway: the emergence of the platform economy. One of the applications present in this process was for the delivery of food by motorbike couriers, causing a radical transformation of working conditions that requires investigation. The objective of this study was to discuss those conditions and the risks that they pose to the health of workers. A group of 14 food delivery couriers were interviewed and their statements were recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis, resulting in two main findings: precarious employment conditions and health vulnerabilities. The platform promises independence and autonomy regarding work, but at the same time creates insecurity, failing to ensure work protection or financial stability, as it does not guarantee working conditions. On the other hand, such precarious work generates health risks. This situation requires a discussion on the legal protection of the labor rights and health protection of these workers.

Precarização e Plataformização do Trabalho: Efeitos Entre Homens Trabalhadores do Sexo pela Internet / Precarization and Platform Work: Effects Between Men Who Works with Digital Sex / Precariedad y Trabajo de Plataforma: Efectos entre Hombres Trabajadores del Sexo por Internet

O mercado do sexo é amplo e não se resume à prostituição e, em geral, a pesquisa acadêmica é vinculada ao trabalho realizado presencialmente. Com a pandemia de Covid-19 plasmada com as políticas neoliberais vinculadas ao trabalho, houve maior migração das práticas para o ambiente online. Nesse sentido, este artigo almeja refletir sobre as vivências profissionais e histórias de vida dos homens trabalhadores sexuais participantes, correlacionando-as com as políticas de desmonte de direitos sociais e a plataformização do trabalho, majoradas pela pandemia de Covid-19. Realizou-se exploração preliminar do ambiente online do mercado do sexo e, após, procedeu-se às entrevistas narrativas com 5 homens trabalhadores sexuais, que utilizam o Twitter e o OnlyFans para venda de seus serviços. Percebeu-se que a implementação dessas políticas junto com o trabalho plataformizado vulnerabilizam a categoria já marginalizada; que os processos de uso de redes sociais para o trabalho oportunizam o colamento de uma posição influencer dos trabalhadores sexuais, em busca de engajamento; e o mercado sexual transnacional ganha configuração digital, mas mantém recortes raciais e coloniais.

This article discusses the men who work in the sex market by social media professional experiences effects, relating them to the dismantling of political rights, which was increased by the Covid-19 pandemic. The sex market is not limited to prostitution, and generally, academic research is linked to the sex work made in bars, streets, and steam rooms. Since the Covid-19 pandemic is related to neoliberal policies and linked to work, there was a greater migration of practices to the online context. We carried out a preliminary looking at the sex market online environment and then, 5 sex workers men, who used Twitter and OnlyFans to deal their services. They were interviewed through a narrative approach. We perceived that the labor rights dismantle neoliberal politics and pandemic influences in the way how platform work shows up, rendering vulnerable the labor rights; the work context enables a digital influencer position that seeks for engagement; and transnational sex market has a new shape, but it still keeps racial and colonial intersections.

El mercado del sexo es amplio y no se limita a la prostitución y, en general, la investigación académica está vinculada al trabajo realizado en persona. Con la pandemia del Covid-19 configurada por las políticas neoliberales vinculadas al trabajo, hubo una mayor migración de prácticas al entorno online. Así, este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre las experiencias profesionales y las historias de vida de los hombres trabajadores sexuales participantes, correlacionándolas con las políticas de desmantelamiento de derechos sociales y plataforma de trabajo, potenciadas por la pandemia de la Covid-19. Se realizó una exploración preliminar del entorno online del mercado del sexo y, posteriormente, se realizaron entrevistas narrativas a 5 trabajadores sexuales masculinos, que utilizan Twitter y OnlyFans para vender sus servicios. Se percibió que la implementación de estas políticas junto con el trabajo de plataforma hace vulnerable a la categoría ya marginada; que los procesos de uso de las redes sociales para el trabajo brindan oportunidades para la vinculación de una posición influyente de las trabajadoras sexuales, en busca de compromiso; y el mercado sexual transnacional gana una configuración digital, pero mantiene aspectos raciales y coloniales.

Small and medium-sized enterprises failure in providing workers' rights concerning Sustainable Development Goals-2030 in Pakistan.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an enormously crucial part in the modern world economy, demonstrating the most unique and incredible ground-breaking system. SMEs' employment statistics and future worker needs make it a focus of policies among rising economies, and Pakistan is no exception. The working conditions in SMEs diverge from industry to industry; however, irrespective of the industrial categorization, the SMEs are failing to protect the workers' rights in the perspective of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The interpretivism paradigm and purposive sampling, narrative inquiry, and analysis method have been adopted to gain in-depth knowledge of workers' rights in SMEs concerning the SDGs. Results revealed that Pakistan-based SMEs argue to be financially weak and perceived as less equipped to adhere to the world's standards. Highlighted issues in failure to adhere to worker's rights include lack of financial resources, top management's commitment, regulatory framework, SDG awareness, strategic planning, and the dire need for expert guidance and consultation in translating goals to work environments.

Legislation and Policies for the Right to Maternity Protection in South Africa: A Fragmented State of Affairs.

BACKGROUND: Maternity protection rights incorporate comprehensive benefits that should be available to pregnant or breastfeeding working women. RESEARCH AIM: To describe South Africa's maternity protection legal and policy landscape and compare it to global recommendations. METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional comparative policy analysis was used to review and describe national policy documents published from 1994-2021. Entitlements were mapped and compared to International Labour Organization standards. The document analysis was supplemented by interviews conducted with key national government department informants. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate policy and interview content. RESULTS: Elements of maternity protection policy are incorporated into South Africa's constitutional dispensation, and some measures are consistent with international labor and social security standards. However, the policy framework is fragmented and difficult to interpret. The fragmented policy environment makes it challenging for employees to know their maternity rights' entitlements and for employers to understand their responsibilities. Confusion regarding maternity protection rights is amplified by the complexity of ensuring access to different forms of maternal protection in pre- and postnatal stages, oversight by multiple government departments, and heterogenous working environments. CONCLUSIONS: Maternity protection in South Africa is fragmented and difficult to access. Overcoming these challenges requires legislative and implementation measures to ensure greater policy coherence and comprehensive guidance on maternity protection rights. Addressing gaps in maternity protection in South Africa may provide insights for other countries with shortcomings in maternity protection provisions and could contribute to improved breastfeeding practices.

Louisiana Guestworker Health and Safety a Necessary Component of Health Equity: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Guestworkers are a critical labor component of many industries considered essential to U.S. infrastructure. Despite their essential role in the U.S. labor force, guestworkers are vulnerable to exploitative labor practices. The COVID-19 pandemic compounded guestworkers' vulnerability to include a lack of public health protective measures in addition to longstanding labor abuses. The pandemic has created greater public health awareness about structural determinants of health inequities, such as unsafe and exploitative working conditions. As public health increases its focus on social and structural determinants of health, it can contribute to improved labor conditions for guestworkers. This article highlights guestworkers' experiences in Louisiana's crawfish industry to demonstrate the marginalized role of guestworker labor in a major Louisiana industry. This article also examines local public health approaches that can bring attention and resources to labor issues.

[Reflections on the Nursing Work Environment in Light of the Experience With COVID-19].

Labor issues related to the nursing profession have been gaining prominence in Taiwan as well as overseas. In 2016, the United Nations highlighted the importance of societies investing sufficient funds in their professional nurses to support and promote public health, gender equality, and economic growth. Good-quality care requires that nurses have good physical and mental health, while creating and maintaining a friendly nursing work environment rely on cooperation among the government, labor unions, and hospitals. Over the past decade, the Taiwan government has increasingly promoted relevant regulations and established a friendly platform to allow nursing staffs to identify problems and report labor rights violations. In addition, nurses have formed unions to defend and advocate for their professional rights. After the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019, the Department of Nursing and Health Care of the Ministry of Health and Welfare actively proposed policies related to creating and maintaining good nursing work environments. The Taiwan Nursing and Medical Industries Union took a supervisory role in this process, providing feedback on policies from the perspective of Taiwan's professional nurses and arguing for the reasonable and fair subsidization of epidemic prevention facilities, implementation of mask and protective equipment, nursing labor rights, and social respect for the nursing profession. Much work still needs to be done to improve the domestic working environment for nursing staffs, including improving and expanding education, normalizing and effectively utilizing nursing staff feedback and whistleblowing information, promoting information transparency, and implementing better policies. We hope that a friendlier nursing work environment will attract many more outstanding young persons to pursue a career in nursing.

Regulamentação do trabalho doméstico remunerado: implicações psicossociais para trabalhadoras no Brasil / Regulation of remunerated domestic work: psychosocial implications for women's workers in Brazil / Reglamentación del trabajo doméstico remunerado: implicaciones psicosociales para trabajadoras en Brasil

O presente artigo versa sobre as recentes alterações legais no panorama do trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil, e suas interfaces psicossociais, entendendo-as como elementos relacionais, afetivos e identitários, para além das implicações jurídicas e econômicas. No ano de 2013, as discussões acerca desta legislação no país tomaram outra amplitude, e forma, pela Emenda Constitucional 72. No ano de 2015, novas modificações foram realizadas e, direitos legalmente garantidos. Entretanto, para além de diálogos estritamente legais que permeiam essas mudanças, as atuais discussões são marcadas pela complexidade imposta pelo entrelaçamento dos aspectos trabalhistas com intersecções culturais, relacionais e afetivas do trabalho doméstico e seu passado colonial no Brasil. Estas questões fazem atentar para as relações que circunscrevem este tipo de atividade, marcadas por expectativas simultâneas de eficiência profissional e negociações afetivas.(AU)

This article deals with the recent legal changes in the panorama of paid domestic work in Brazil and its psychosocial interfaces, understanding them as aspects of the relational, affective and identity fields, in addition to legal and economic implications. In 2013, discussions about this legislation in the country took another range, and form, by Constitutional Amendment 72. In the year 2015, new changes were made and, legally, guaranteed rights. However, in addition to the strictly legal discussions that permeate these changes, the current discussions are marked by the complexity imposed by the interweaving of labor aspects with cultural, relational and affective intersections related to domestic work and its colonial past in Brazil. These questions make the relationships that circumscribe this type of work, marked by simultaneous expectations of professional efficiency and affective negotiations, pay attention.(AU)

El presente artículo versa sobre los recientes cambios legales en el panorama del trabajo doméstico remunerado en Brasil, y sus interfaces psicosociales, entendiéndolas como aspectos de los campos relacionales, afectivos e identitarios, además de las implicaciones legales y económicas. En el año 2013, las discusiones sobre esta legislación en el país tomaron otra amplitud, y forma, por la Enmienda Constitucional 72. En el año 2015, se realizaron nuevos cambios, y nuevos derechos han sido legalmente garantizados. Sin embargo, además de las discusiones estrictamente legales que permean esas modificaciones, las actuales discusiones están marcadas por la complejidad impuesta por el entrelazamiento de los aspectos laborales con intersecciones culturales, relacionales y afectivas relacionadas con el trabajo doméstico y su pasado colonial en Brasil. Estas cuestiones hacen atentar para las relaciones que circunscriben este tipo de trabajo, marcadas por expectativas simultáneas de eficiencia profesional y negociaciones afectivas.(AU)

[On the correlation of guarantees of the labor rights of the elderly in Russia and Europe.]

Many lawyers, referring to the topic of guarantees for ensuring the labor rights of elderly people who receive a pension, begin the analysis from the provisions of Art. 19 of the Russian Constitution on the prohibition of discrimination and art. 3 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation on the prohibition of discrimination. ILO Convention № 111 on Discrimination in Employment and Occupation [8] also does not mention the age as a discriminatory motive. At the same time, among the listed elements of Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, there is no direct indication of age. Therefore, the issue of employment and retention of the workplace for an elderly employee, the payments due to dismissal, including in connection with the liquidation of the organization or the reduction of staff, is related in one way or another to the understanding of the essence of the labor rights of such persons by the bodies that protect labor rights of workers and justice. Controversial aspects often have fundamentally different approaches to application, thus requiring careful and cautious treatment without generalizations and formalism. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, ILO recommendations, WHO reports and other materials, we will reveal common and distinctive features in ensuring the labor rights of elderly people and old age pensioners and the quality of life in Russia and European countries.

"Contract to Volunteer": South African Community Health Worker Mobilization for Better Labor Protection.

In this paper, we explore the increasing activity around labor rights for South African community health workers (CHWs). Contextualizing this activity within broader policy and legal developments, we track the emergence of sporadic mobilizations for decent work (supported by local health activist organizations) and subsequently, the formation of a CHW union. The National Union of Care Workers of South Africa (NUCWOSA) was inaugurated in 2016, hoping to secure formal and secure employment through government and the consequent labor and occupational health protections. Various tensions were observed during fieldwork in the run up to NUCWOSA's formation and raise important questions about representation, legitimacy, and hierarchies of power. We close by offering suggestions for future research in this developing space.

Regulamentação do trabalho doméstico remunerado: implicações psicossociais para trabalhadoras no Brasil / Regulation of remunerated domestic work: psychosocial implications for women's workers in Brazil / Reglamentación del trabajo doméstico remunerado: implicaciones psicosociales para trabajadoras en Brasil

O presente artigo versa sobre as recentes alterações legais no panorama do trabalho doméstico remunerado no Brasil, e suas interfaces psicossociais, entendendo-as como elementos relacionais, afetivos e identitários, para além das implicações jurídicas e econômicas. No ano de 2013, as discussões acerca desta legislação no país tomaram outra amplitude, e forma, pela Emenda Constitucional 72. No ano de 2015, novas modificações foram realizadas e, direitos legalmente garantidos. Entretanto, para além de diálogos estritamente legais que permeiam essas mudanças, as atuais discussões são marcadas pela complexidade imposta pelo entrelaçamento dos aspectos trabalhistas com intersecções culturais, relacionais e afetivas do trabalho doméstico e seu passado colonial no Brasil. Estas questões fazem atentar para as relações que circunscrevem este tipo de atividade, marcadas por expectativas simultâneas de eficiência profissional e negociações afetivas.(AU)

This article deals with the recent legal changes in the panorama of paid domestic work in Brazil and its psychosocial interfaces, understanding them as aspects of the relational, affective and identity fields, in addition to legal and economic implications. In 2013, discussions about this legislation in the country took another range, and form, by Constitutional Amendment 72. In the year 2015, new changes were made and, legally, guaranteed rights. However, in addition to the strictly legal discussions that permeate these changes, the current discussions are marked by the complexity imposed by the interweaving of labor aspects with cultural, relational and affective intersections related to domestic work and its colonial past in Brazil. These questions make the relationships that circumscribe this type of work, marked by simultaneous expectations of professional efficiency and affective negotiations, pay attention.(AU)

El presente artículo versa sobre los recientes cambios legales en el panorama del trabajo doméstico remunerado en Brasil, y sus interfaces psicosociales, entendiéndolas como aspectos de los campos relacionales, afectivos e identitarios, además de las implicaciones legales y económicas. En el año 2013, las discusiones sobre esta legislación en el país tomaron otra amplitud, y forma, por la Enmienda Constitucional 72. En el año 2015, se realizaron nuevos cambios, y nuevos derechos han sido legalmente garantizados. Sin embargo, además de las discusiones estrictamente legales que permean esas modificaciones, las actuales discusiones están marcadas por la complejidad impuesta por el entrelazamiento de los aspectos laborales con intersecciones culturales, relacionales y afectivas relacionadas con el trabajo doméstico y su pasado colonial en Brasil. Estas cuestiones hacen atentar para las relaciones que circunscriben este tipo de trabajo, marcadas por expectativas simultáneas de eficiencia profesional y negociaciones afectivas.(AU)

Direitos trabalhistas dos cuidadores de idosos: uma revisão integrativa / Labor rights of caregivers of the elderly: integrative review / Derechos laborales de los cuidadores de ancianos: una revisión integrative

Revisão integrativa sobre os direitos trabalhistas dos cuidadores de idosos. Para tanto, foram selecionados artigos originais publicados nas bases de dados PePSIC; Lilacs; Medline; BDJur; Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp; Jurisprudência Unificada do Conselho de Justiça Federal; LATINDEX; LexML; NDLTD; OCLC-OAIster, encontrando-se seis estudos. Sugere-se que haja mais atenção com os direitos trabalhistas, a fim de tornar o cuidado efetivo tanto para quem cuida quanto para quem é cuidado.

Is an integrative review about labor rights of caregivers of the elderly. Articles published in databases were selected:PePSIC; Lilacs; Medline; BDJur; Digital Library of Unicamp; Unified Jurisprudence of the Federal Justice Council; LATINDEX; LexML; NDLTD; OCLC-OAIster, founding 6 studies. It is suggested that more attention with their labor rights, in order to make effective care for both caregivers and caregivers.

Revisión integrativa sobre los derechos laborales de los cuidadores de ancianos. Para ello, se seleccionaron artículos originales publicados en las bases de datos PePSIC; Lilacs; Medline; BDJur; Biblioteca Digital de la Unicamp; Jurisprudencia Unificada del Consejo de Justicia Federal; LATINDEX; LexML; NDLTD; OCLC-OAIster, encontrando 6 estudios. Se sugiere que haya más atención con los derechos laborales, a fin de hacer el cuidado efectivo tanto para quien cuida cuanto para quien es cuidado.

Aprendendo com a história: táticas sindicais que contribuíram para a contrarreforma trabalhista / Learning from history: union tactics that contributed to the labor counter-reform

No presente artigo são problematizadas as táticas adotadas pelo movimento sindical brasileiro nos períodos recentes, em particular entre os anos de 2003-2015/2016 durante os governos petistas, para enfrentar os conflitos oriundos da relação entre capital e trabalho. A partir da pesquisa realizada, é possível afirmar que as perspectivas de negociação e de conciliação de interesses, de classes assimiladas pelas organizações representativas dos trabalhadores em face do capital, acabaram por criar as condições necessárias para levar a cabo a contrarreforma trabalhista recentemente aprovada, cujo conteúdo materializa a pauta da burguesia nacional para enfrentar a queda das taxas de lucro no contexto de crise estrutural do capitalismo. A reconstrução dos processos sociais que culminaram na referida contrarreforma é essencial para que os trabalhadores possam avaliar o impacto negativo daquelas táticas sobre o acervo de direitos conquistados historicamente e elaborar respostas que efetivamente contribuam para a emancipação social.

This article analyzes the tactics adopted by the Brazilian trade union movement in recent times, particularly between 2003 and 2015/2016, during the PT (Worker's Party) governments, in order to deal with conflicts arising from the relationship between capital and labor. Based on the research, it is possible to affirm that the prospects for negotiation and conciliation of the interests of classes assimilated by workers' representative organizations in the face of capital, created the necessary conditions to carry out the recently approved labor counter-reforms, whose content materializes the agenda of the national bourgeoisie to face the fall of the rates of profit in the context of the structural crisis of capitalism. The reconstruction of the social processes which culminated in this counter- reform is essential for workers to be able to assess the negative impact of those tactics on the collection of historically conquered rights, and elaborate answers that effectively contribute toward social emancipation.

Emerging from the tragedies in Bangladesh: a challenge to voluntarism in the global economy.

Under the regime of private company or multi-stakeholder voluntary codes of conduct and industry social auditing, workers have absorbed low wages and unsafe and abusive conditions; labor leaders and union members have become the targets of both government and factory harassment and violence; and trade union power has waned. Nowhere have these private systems of codes and audits so clearly failed to protect workers as in Bangladesh's apparel industry. However, international labor groups and Bangladeshi unions have succeeded in mounting a challenge to voluntarism in the global economy, persuading more than 180 companies to make a binding and enforceable commitment to workers' safety in an agreement with 12 unions. The extent to which this Bangladesh Accord will be able to influence the entrenched global regime of voluntary codes and weak trade unions remains an open question. But if the Accord can make progress in Bangladesh, it can help to inspire similar efforts in other countries and in other industries.

[Protecting the labor rights of female nurses: an introduction to relevant laws and the challenges still ahead].

The Gender Equality in Employment Act was enacted to protect gender equality in the workplace. Increasingly tight controls over operating costs by employers and the increasingly heavy workloads of nurses pose major challenges to the labor rights of female nurses. This article introduces the labor rights of female nurses as stated in relevant laws and regulations such as the Gender Equality in Employment Act, the Labor Standards Act, the Labor Insurance Act, Regulations on Leave-Taking for Workers, Regulations on Implementing Unpaid Parental Leave for Raising Children Pension Act, and the Employment Insurance Act. In addition, this paper introduces three judicial decisions that highlight domestic judicial practice with regard to labor rights in nursing. It is hoped that nurses may gain a better understanding of their rights and challenges from these judicial decisions. Finally, this article makes recommendations to help nurses overcome the difficulties in implementing labor rights. It is hoped that this article helps increase the general awareness among nurses of their labor rights and encourages nurses to pursue and secure their rightful labor rights from their employer.

Direitos trabalhistas e organização dos trabalhadores num contexto de mudanças no mundo do trabalho: efeitos sobre os trabalhadores da saúde / Labor rights and the organization of workers in a context of change in labor relations: effects on health workers

Este artigo apresenta as principais mudanças institucionais do mundo do trabalho no Brasil, apontando seus impactos para a organização dos trabalhadores. Uma mudança central, mais recente, é a regulação da terceirização pelo Judiciário Trabalhista. Pesquisas de demandas no Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, de orientações do Ministério Público do Trabalho e de ações sindicais mostram que terceirização e jornada de trabalho são temas que têm afetado diretamente os trabalhadores da saúde. Por meio de uma abordagem sobre as bases institucionais da justiça nos contratos, concluímos que a reforma trabalhista deve tratar da desigualdade de direitos que tem marcado o mercado de trabalho brasileiro.

This paper presents the main institutional changes in labor relations in Brazil, highlighting their impact on the organization of workers. A more recent central change is the regulation of outsourcing by the Labor Judiciary. Research into claims in the Superior Labor Court, guidelines from the Labor Prosecution Office, and trade union lawsuits, show that outsourcing and working hours are subjects which have directly affected health workers. By addressing the institutional principles of justice in contracts, it was concluded that labor reform should deal with the inequality of rights that have characterized the Brazilian labor market.