Application of "immersive contextualization based-learning teaching" mode in the orthopaedic musculoskeletal disorder module of clinical medicine education.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and influence of the "immersive contextualization-based learning" teaching mode (ICBLT) in the orthopaedic musculoskeletal disorder module of clinical medicine education. METHODS: Undergraduate students in five consecutive semesters of clinical medicine in West China Hospital, Sichuan University were enrolled in this study. During the teaching process in each semester, a cross-over design was applied, and students were randomly divided into two classes (Class A and Class B) to receive the designated experimental courses with different routes. After they took the final exams, the scores of the selected chapters (sports injury chapter and osteoarthritis chapter) were extracted to conduct Tests of Between-Subjects Effects. Q-Q plot was drawn to test whether the distribution of the scores follows normal distribution. The part of the feedback questionnaires to assess these two teaching modes were also extracted for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 441 students were enrolled in this study, among which, Class A teaching route was implemented to 222 students and Class B to the rest 219. The results of Tests of Between-Subjects Effects showed that ICBLT mode could lead to better scores compared to the Lecturing-based learning teaching (LBLT) mode (p < 0.0001). In terms of mastery of practical skills, help to deepen the memory of knowledge and satisfaction with the teaching mode, the ICBLT mode showed better results (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: ICBLT mode had better potential in helping mastery of practical skills and deepening the memory of knowledge.

A meta-analysis of the impact of the problem-based method of learning combined with mind mapping on nursing instruction.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, there are a variety of viewpoints on problem-based learning (PBL) and mind mapping teaching outcomes in nursing education, but there are not many thorough assessments that are pertinent. OBJECTIVES: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of the PBL method combined with mind mapping on nursing instruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic literature search up to July 2022 was performed, and 1765 related studies were evaluated. The chosen studies comprised 1473 nursing teaching participants as the trial's baseline, with 770 of them using the PBL model with mind mapping and 703 enrolled as controls. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of the PBL method combined with mind mapping on nursing instructions using dichotomous and continuous methods with a random or fixed effect model. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration No. CRD 42022432130). RESULTS: The PBL model with mind mapping reached a significantly higher results of nursing knowledge test (MD: 7.29, 95% CI: 6.88-7.71, p < 0.001) and pediatric practice test (MD: 9.89, 95% CI: 9.04-10.74, p < 0.001), as well as higher students' ability of independent learning (OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 2.11-5.76, p < 0.001) compared to the controls in nursing teaching. CONCLUSION: The PBL model with mind mapping resulted in a significantly higher results of nursing knowledge test, pediatric practice test and students' ability of independent learning compared to controls in nursing teaching.

The effect of teachers' self- innovativeness on accountability, distance learning self-efficacy, and teaching practices.

During COVID-19 pandemic the teachers were suddenly forced to change their teaching and use distance learning practices, and become innovative in their ways of teaching online. In the current study we sought to understand whether teachers considered themselves innovative and how this affected their distance learning self-efficacy, accountability, and distance learning teaching practices. Two hundred elementary and secondary school teachers from Israel were asked to fill in a questionnaire comprising the four abovementioned components. Findings indicated that it was teachers' self-innovativeness which had significantly influenced their distance learning self-efficacy, accountability, and distance learning teaching practices. Findings indicate that work experience directly affected self-innovativeness, and older, more experienced teachers perceived themselves as more innovative in adopting and using distance learning compared to less experienced ones. The second finding was that professional development affected distance learning teaching practices but had no effect on teachers' self-innovativeness. The study shows that increasing teachers' self-innovativeness may affect their self-efficacy and accountability and lead to better distance learning teaching practices. Therefore, it is suggested to change the focus of professional development programs to promoting teachers' self-innovativeness and encouraging them to create novel and tailored combinations of hybrid learning.

Aprendizagem significativa na educação em enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa / Meaningful learning in nursing education: an integrative review / Aprendizaje significativo en la formación de enfermería: una revisión integrativa

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca das estratégias educativas, baseadas em evidências, utilizadas no processo de ensino aprendizagem em enfermagem à luz da abordagem da aprendizagem significativa. Método: Revisão integrativa desenvolvida de acordo com as etapas: identificação do tema e seleção da hipótese de pesquisa; estabelecimento dos critérios de elegibilidade; identificação dos estudos nas bases científicas/categorização dos estudos; avaliação dos estudos selecionados; análise crítica e interpretação dos resultados; apresentação dos dados na estrutura da revisão integrativa. Resultados: Diferentes estratégias educativas baseadas na aprendizagem significativa foram identificadas tais como: mapa conceitual, estudo de caso, uso de simulador, cursos on-line e jogos. Como principais resultados das intervenções, observou-se a promoção da aprendizagem significativa e o desenvolvimento do raciocínio reflexivo e crítico em estudantes e profissionais de enfermagem, atuando como sujeitos de sua própria práxis. Conclusão: A aprendizagem significativa é uma linha pedagógica fundamental, devendo ser inserida no processo de educação em diversas áreas do saber. Dessa maneira, foi possível identificar que a mesma ancorou estratégias de ensino que se mostraram eficazes, com destaque para o uso de mapas conceituais e as tecnologias educacionais digitais.

Objective: To analyze the scientific production about educational strategies, based on evidence, used in the teaching-learning process in nursing in the light of the meaningful learning approach. Method: Integrative review developed according to the steps: identification of the theme and selection of the research hypothesis; establishment of eligibility criteria; identification of studies in scientific bases/categorization of studies; evaluation of selected studies; critical analysis and interpretation of results; presentation of data in the framework of the integrative review. Results: Different educational strategies based on meaningful learning were identified, such as: conceptual map, case study, use of simulator, online courses and games. As main results of the interventions, it was observed the promotion of meaningful learning and the development of reflective and critical reasoning in students and nursing professionals, acting as subjects of their own praxis. Conclusion: Meaningful learning is a fundamental pedagogical line and should be inserted in the education process in several areas of knowledge. In this way, it was possible to identify that it anchored teaching strategies that proved to be effective, with emphasis on the use of concept maps and digital educational technologies.

Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre estrategias educativas basadas en la evidencia utilizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en enfermería a la luz del enfoque del aprendizaje significativo. Método: Revisión integrativa desarrollada de acuerdo con los siguientes pasos: identificación del tema y selección de la hipótesis de investigación; establecimiento de criterios de elegibilidad; identificación de estudios en bases de datos científicas/categorización de estudios; evaluación de los estudios seleccionados; análisis crítico e interpretación de los resultados; presentación de los datos en la estructura de revisión integrativa. Resultados: Se identificaron distintas estrategias educativas basadas en el aprendizaje significativo como: mapa conceptual, estudio de casos, uso de simulador, cursos online y juegos. Los principales resultados de las intervenciones fueron la promoción del aprendizaje significativo y el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo y crítico en estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería, actuando como sujetos de su propia praxis. Conclusión: El aprendizaje significativo es una línea pedagógica fundamental y debe insertarse en el proceso educativo en diversas áreas del conocimiento. Así, fue posible identificar que ancló estrategias de enseñanza que se mostraron eficaces, con énfasis en el uso de mapas conceptuales y tecnologías educativas digitales.

Application of digital 3D printed model combined with case-based learning in practice teaching of oral and maxillofacial surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application effect of the combined teaching model of digital 3D printed model and Tencent conference in case-based learning (CBL) teaching of oral and maxillofacial surgery.Methods:A total of 80 undergraduates in the classes of 2015 and 2016 were selected from School of Stomatology, Qingdao University. The students in the class of 2015 received traditional teaching, and those in the class of 2016 received the combined CBL teaching model of 3D printed model and Tencent conference. A questionnaire survey was used to evaluate the teaching effect, and theoretical examination was used to assess comprehensive abilities of the two groups. SPSS 24.0 was used to perform the chi-square test and the t-test. Results:There was no significant difference in the degree of satisfaction with teaching between the combined CBL teaching model of 3D printed model and Tencent conference and the traditional teaching model ( P>0.05), and both models were generally recognized and accepted by students. The experimental group had a significantly higher score than the control group (94.05±4.16 vs. 86.10±3.37, P<0.05). Conclusion:The combined teaching model of digital 3D printed model and Tencent conference integrates the advantages of the Internet and digital information and thus provides a certain reference for the teaching methods for other majors in stomatology.

The application of improved team-based learning based on the training goal of excellent doctors in ophthalmology internship class / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of the improved team-based learning (TBL) teaching method in the undergraduate probation course of ophthalmology based on the goal of cultivating excellent doctors.Methods:The undergraduates of clinical medicine were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The control group ( n=50) was given conventional ophthalmology probation teaching, while the experimental group ( n=50) was given ophthalmology probation teaching of improved TBL teaching method. The theoretical examination performance and skill assessment results of students in the two groups were compared, and the subjective evaluation of the students on the teaching was also compared. SPSS 23.0 was used to conduct t-test and Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Results:The theoretical examination performance of experimental group (29.68±4.52) was better than that of control group (27.84±4.33), with significant differences ( P<0.05); the skill assessment results of experimental group (32.88±5.05) were also better than those of the control group (30.88±6.99), with significant differences ( P<0.05); the subjective evaluation of teaching effect in each item of experimental group was better than that of control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The improved TBL teaching method can not only improve students' theoretical knowledge and experimental skills, but also improve students' self-study and teamwork ability, which will provide a feasible educational reform plan for achieving the goal of cultivating excellent doctors.

Virtual reality-based training for mental health staff: a novel approach to increase empathy, compassion, and subjective understanding of service user experience.

BACKGROUND: Mental health service users report that staff empathy is key to developing positive therapeutic relationships but promoting empathy in staff training is challenging. Staff may struggle to maintain their compassion, particularly in challenging settings, and have limited clinical confidence when treating conditions of which they lack subjective understanding. Novel interventions are required to address these needs. MAIN BODY OF THE TEXT: Virtual reality-based simulation training has been shown to be an effective training modality for healthcare professionals; it has the potential to deliver crucial empathy-building learning for frontline mental health staff due to its capacity to increase staff understanding of service users' experiences. Virtual reality and simulation technology take interactivity and experiential learning to a level beyond which we have seen in teaching and training before. Subjective understanding is elicited because this is a technology for enhanced experiential learning, which in turn fosters greater empathy and compassion. Increased empathy in the workforce is likely to yield significant benefits for service users. Greater empathy in nursing is linked with reduced restrictive practices and reduced conflict between staff and service users. Restrictive practices, including restraint and seclusion, are widely used in mental health settings within the UK, and are an aspect of mental health nursing that is at odds with the therapeutic role of nursing. Despite these innovative developments, there are challenges ahead. Many nurses feel that complete eradication of restrictive practices is impossible and that barriers include a limitation of resources, communication, management, and lack of education. There is a need to make simulation training economically viable so that it can be upscaled and widely available. Therefore, greater investment and resources are needed to bring this innovative training to the wider workforce to support staff and to realise the benefits for service users. SHORT CONCLUSION: Virtual reality-based training has great potential for mental health staff, which could have important consequences in terms of improved staff empathy and reductions in harmful restrictive practices. Further research and funding for such training is necessary so that it can be more widely available.

Implementation of Covid-19 protection protocols and its implication on learning & teaching in public schools.

This study aimed to investigate the implementation of COVID-19 protection protocols and its implication on teaching -learning process in schools of Werabe administrative town. A concurrent embedded research design and mixed approach were used to carry out the current study and collect data in that order. To conduct the study, 140 teachers, 12 principals, and 6 supervisors were selected by simple random, purposive, and availability sampling techniques respectively. To gather the data, a questionnaire, semi-structured interview, observation checklist, focus group discussion, and document analysis were used. The analysis of quantitative data was carried out by using mean and multiple regressions, while qualitative data was analysed through thematic description and word narration. The results showed that COVID-19 protection protocols were not strictly implemented as per the standards set by both Ministry of Education and the World Health Organization. In addition, the study exposed school community-related factors like reluctance in keeping physical distancing (mean = 4.28, Beta = 0.29, p < 0.05) and resource-related factors like shortage of thermometer (mean = 2.85, Beta = 0.25, p < 0.05) are significantly affecting the implementation of COVID-19 protection protocols. The findings further indicated that the school-community related and the resource-related factors directly affected the classroom teaching-learning process, render students' families and education sectors for additional financial expenses. Therefore, encouraging communication and coordination among education actors, families, learners, and health communities need to be re-strengthened, and the implementation of protection protocols has to be enforced.

Satisfaction and self-confidence of nursing students as participants and observers in realistic simulations / Satisfacción y autoconfianza de los estudiantes de enfermería como participantes y observadores en simulación realística / Satisfação e autoconfiança de estudantes de enfermagem como atuantes e observadores em simulação realística

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the satisfaction and self-confidence of Nursing students regarding the learning process, in the roles of participants and observers, in realistic simulation scenarios. Method: Observational study with 44 nursing college students in the south of Brazil. Data collection occurred from September to November 2018, through the application of the Learning Satisfaction and Self-Confidence Scale to realistic simulation scenarios. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations complemented by Bonferroni. Results: The level of satisfaction was 4.78 (±0.35) and self-confidence in learning was 4.46 (±0.39). Students in the 8th and 9th semesters had the highest means of self-confidence factor (p<0.001) when compared to the others. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference in the satisfaction and self-confidence in learning of nursing students with different roles in the simulation scenario.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la satisfacción y autoconfianza de los estudiantes de enfermería con el aprendizaje, en el papel de practicantes y observadores en escenarios de simulación realistas. Método: Estudio observacional con 44 estudiantes de enfermería de instituciones de educación superior del sur del país. La recolección de datos fue de septiembre a noviembre de 2018, a través de la Escala de Satisfacción en el Aprendizaje y Autoconfianza después de participar en escenarios de simulación realistas. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y el modelo de ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas, complementadas por Bonferroni. Resultados: El nivel de satisfacción fue de 4.78 (±0.35) y la autoconfianza con el aprendizaje, 4.46 (±0.39). Los estudiantes de 8º y 9º semestres tuvieron las medias más altas con relación a los demás en el factor autoconfianza (p<0.001). Conclusión: Se concluyo que no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la satisfacción y autoconfianza con el aprendizaje de estudiantes de enfermería con diferentes papeles en el escenario de simulación.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a satisfação e a autoconfiança de estudantes de Enfermagem com a aprendizagem, nos papéis de atuantes e observadores, em cenários de simulação realística. Método: Estudo observacional com 44 estudantes de Enfermagem de instituições de ensino superior do sul do país. A coleta de dados foi no período de setembro a novembro de 2018, através da Escala de Satisfação e Autoconfiança com a Aprendizagem após participação em cenários de simulação realística. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e do modelo de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas complementado por Bonferroni. Resultados: O nível de satisfação foi de 4,78 (± 0,35) e o de autoconfiança com a aprendizagem, de 4,46 (± 0,39). Os alunos dos 8º e 9º semestres foram os que apresentaram maiores médias em relação aos demais no fator da autoconfiança (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Conclui-se que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na satisfação e na autoconfiança com a aprendizagem de estudantes de Enfermagem com papéis diferentes no cenário de simulação.

Application research of multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching in emergency and critical care nursing practice teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the value of multi-dimensional interaction combined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching in the nursing practice teaching of emergency and critical care.Methods:A total of 110 nursing students who practiced in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the control group, and the traditional teaching was adopted. In addition, 89 nursing students who practiced from June 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the research group, and multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching was adopted. The teaching quality was assessed through the comprehensive scores of the nursing students (departure examination + regular performance assessment) and nursing students' feedback on the teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test and Chi-square test. Results:The comprehensive scores of the nursing students in the research group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the nursing students in the research group believed that multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching could improve nursing knowledge and skills, overall clinical nursing ability, self-management ability, clinical thinking ability, and the ability to analyze, judge and solve clinical nursing problems, group cooperation ability, communication ability between doctors, nurses and patients, emergency ability and rescue ability, and professional quality, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.001). Conclusion:Multi-dimensional interaction combined with PBL teaching can improve the theoretical and clinical practice level of nursing interns, and at the same time help to cultivate nursing talents with excellent comprehensive quality.

Assessing learning styles of medical students using Kolb's learning style inventory and their association with preferred teaching methodologies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of learning styles of medical students and their association with preferred teaching methodologies. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Baqai Medical College, Gadap, Karachi, form July to October 2019, and comprised medical students regardless of age, gender and academic year. David Kolb's learning style questionnaire, along with another questionnaire, was used to collect data. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of the 523 students, 213(40.7%) were males and 310(59.3%) were females. The overall mean age was 21.5±1.69 years. Of the total, 268(51.7%) students were divergers, 118(22.8%) assimilators, 86(16.6%) accomodators and 46(8.9%) were convergers. There was a significant association between learning styles and selected teaching methodologies (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Majority students were found to be divergers and assimilators. Aligning instructional strategies with learning styles will improve learning and academic performance.

COVID-19 and digital disruption in UK universities: afflictions and affordances of emergency online migration.

COVID-19 has caused the closure of university campuses around the world and migration of all learning, teaching, and assessment into online domains. The impacts of this on the academic community as frontline providers of higher education are profound. In this article, we report the findings from a survey of n = 1148 academics working in universities in the United Kingdom (UK) and representing all the major disciplines and career hierarchy. Respondents report an abundance of what we call 'afflictions' exacted upon their role as educators and in far fewer yet no less visible ways 'affordances' derived from their rapid transition to online provision and early 'entry-level' use of digital pedagogies. Overall, they suggest that online migration is engendering significant dysfunctionality and disturbance to their pedagogical roles and their personal lives. They also signpost online migration as a major challenge for student recruitment, market sustainability, an academic labour-market, and local economies.

Application of WeChat platform combined with PBL teaching method in the teaching of nursing students in operating room / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the influences of WeChat platform combined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method on the theoretical examination results, practical skills scores and satisfaction of nursing students in operating room.Methods:A total of 124 undergraduate nursing students from June 2018 to December 2019 from the operating room of The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC were selected as the control group, among which, 62 nursing students from June 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the control group, and 62 nursing students from April to December 2019 were selected as the research group. The control group adopted the traditional teaching method, and the research adopted WeChat platform combined with PBL teaching method. The results of theoretical examination, skill practice, preparation for autonomous learning, critical thinking ability and teaching satisfaction were compared between the two groups. SPSS 23.0 was used for t test. Results:The scores of theory examination and skill practice in the study group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); after practice, the scores of self-management, love of learning and self-control in the study group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); after practice, the scores of the three dimensions of curiosity, truth seeking, systematization ability and total score in the study group were all higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05); the satisfactions of the research group on teaching content, teaching problem design and teaching effect were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of WeChat platform and PBL teaching method can improve the knowledge mastery level of nursing students in operating room, cultivate their self-learning ability and critical thinking ability, and nursing students are more satisfied with the teaching mode.

Comparison of the effect of different teaching modes in medical students′ education of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To explore the effect of different teaching modes in medical students′education of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)skills.Methods:One hundred and fifty college students were randomly allocated to classroom teaching group(G1=50), problem-based learning(PBL)group(G2=50) and computer-based teaching group(G3=50)from March to December in 2019.The students′acquisition and retention of theoretical knowledge and skills were assessed before(baseline)and after the teaching(immediately), then 2 months and 6 months later.Results:One hundred and fifty college students participated in the study.Among them, 84(56.0%)were male, with an average age of 23 years old.Sixteen students(10.7%)had participated in similar CPR training.There was no significant statistical difference in the demographic characteristics of students among three groups.At four time points including baseline, after teaching(immediately), 2 months and 6 months later, there was no significant difference in the theoretical examination results among three groups( P>0.05). But after teaching, the scores of each group were improved.At the second time point(after teaching immediately), each group had the highest scores( P<0.05). Compared the scores of the second point, the ones of the third time point(2 months later after teaching)and the fourth time point(6 months later after teaching)decreased, but there was no significant difference between the two time points( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the pass rates of skill exam at the time point of baseline among three groups( P>0.05). The pass rates of G2 and G3 were significantly higher than those of G1 at 2 and 6 months later after teaching( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups.After teaching, the passing rate of each group was significantly higher than that of the baseline, and there were significant differences in the passing rates of any other time points after teaching, with the passing rate decreasing.Students′ feedback showed that all of them could clearly understand the teaching objective and accept the difficulty of the course, and PBL and computer teaching modes were more acceptable. Conclusion:PBL and computer-based teaching modes have better learning effectiveness and acceptance, which can be used as supplemental training to conventional classroom teaching or as strategies to consolidate learning.Two months may be the time point for retraining.

Por quê PBL? / Why PBL?

Na esteira de comemorações dos 20 anos de existência do curso de Psicologia da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), este artigo cumpre o objetivo de apresentar o histórico de surgimento e posterior desenvolvimento do método PBL (Problem Based Learning) no currículo do curso. Apresenta-se um breve panorama das mudanças socioeconômicas e culturais deflagradoras de novos modos de organização social impactando todas as dimensões da vida, sobremaneira o campo educacional. Descreve-se, em linhas gerais, o modo de operação do método PBL, como recurso pedagógico afinado com as demandas da sociedade contemporânea sem, contudo, deixar de indicar sua potência enquanto ferramenta crítica dessa mesma sociedade. Na discussão apresentada, isto depõe a favor do entendimento de que o emprego das metodologias ativas na educação, em atenção aos imperativos do novo cenário globalizado instituído, torna-se poderosa fonte de recursos para se elaborar o mal estar contemporâneo e promover condições de saúde mental. A inserção do método PBL no âmbito do curso de Psicologia da EBMSP ocorreu no ano de 2009. Desde então, seu desenvolvimento é demonstrado como um processo contínuo de construção coletiva, tendo por autores um grupo de docentes, o qual vem realizando a experiência de ministrar tutorias correspondentes aos componentes curriculares que abordam o ciclo de vida no eixo curricular 'Ser humano e Ciclo de vida'. Os efeitos deste trabalho são referidos pelos alunos, professores e pela qualidade da formação apresentada pelos alunos egressos.

In the wake of celebrations of the 20 years of existence of the Psychology course at the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (EBMSP), this article emerges fulfilling the objective of presenting the history of the emergence and subsequent development of the PBL (Problem Based Learning) method in the curriculum of the course. A brief overview of the socioeconomic and cultural changes triggering new modes of social organization is presented, impacting all dimensions of life, especially the educational field. The mode of operation of the PBL method is described in general terms, as a pedagogical resource in tune with the demands of contemporary society, without, however, failing to indicate its potency as a critical tool of that same society. In the discussion presented, this demonstrates in favor of the understanding that the use of active methodologies in education, in attention to the imperatives of the new globalized scenario instituted, becomes a powerful source of resources to elaborate contemporary malaise and promote mental health conditions. The insertion of the PBL method within the scope of the Psychology course at EBMSP took place in 2009. Since then, its development has been demonstrated as a continuous process of collective construction by a group of teachers, who have been carrying out the experience of teaching tutorials corresponding to the curriculum components that address the life cycle in the curricular axis 'Human Being and Life Cycle'. The effects of this work are mentioned by the students, teachers and the quality of training presented by the alumni.

Clinical vignette-based interactive discussion sessions: feedback from residents.

INTRODUCTION: A clinical vignette is a useful tool for teaching both clinical and basic sciences courses. The clinical vignette-based interactive discussion sessions were conducted for residents in the internal medicine department of Universal College of Medical Sciences( Bhairahawa, Nepal) with aim to link the residents to clinical practice setting. The objective of this study was to assess the feedback of participant. METHODS: The sessions were done five days a week between January 16 and February 26, 2019. Each session was between 45 and 60 minutes. The clinical vignettes related to internal medicine were downloaded using Google. Each vignette was divided into sections, related questions with responses were developed and the discussion was updated referring to the latest articles on subject. Eleven residents participated in the session. At the end of last session feedback was taken on a validated semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS: Residents rated the clinical vignette-based interactive discussion sessions on the scale 1 = poor to 10= excellent; usefulness (9.45±1.04), content (9.27±0.90), relevance of session (9.18±1.08), facilitation (9.27±1.10), and overall (9.36±0.81). Participants rated the structure of vignettes discussed (3.73±0.47), the questions related to vignettes discussed (3.82±0.40), and discussion related to vignettes done (3.64±0.50) on a Likert scale 1-4 (4= extremely important, 3= moderately important, 2= slightly important, 1= not important). The two-way interaction, the approach toward differential diagnosis, diagnosis and management, choosing appropriate investigation, clinical relevancy of vignettes, boosts understanding, enhances thinking power and thinking outside the box, improving clinical approach and academic learning were among the strengths of sessions shared by residents. All residents proposed to continue these sessions and develop vignettes of our patients. The majority of the residents recommended conducting session on alternate days. CONCLUSION: This method of learning allowing the residents to follow and construct clinical outcome in a logical and systematic sequence that may be applicable in real-life clinical practice settings. This method enhances the thinking power of residents and their problem-solving capacity.

The teaching of surface anatomy by body painting / Enseñanza de anatomía de superficie mediante la pintura corporal

The present project on learning surface anatomy through the body painting method was undertaken because anatomical knowledge supports medical practice. The appropriate anatomical training of the doctor depends on surface anatomy. We considered the renovation of teaching strategies and didactic resources to optimize the overall teaching- learning process. 189 first-year medical students, enrolled in the Trunk and Splanchnology course at the University of Cádiz (Spain) participated in this study. Students were divided into 5 groups each of 38-41 students. The students were asked to complete a satisfaction questionnaire supplied to each participant through an on-line platform. On the basis of the results, we recommend the body painting method as an alternative tool for learning surface and clinical anatomy.

El presente proyecto sobre el aprendizaje de la anatomía de superficie a través del método de pintura corporal se realizó debido a que el conocimiento anatómico apoya la práctica médica. El entrenamiento anatómico apropiado del médico depende de la anatomía de superficie. Consideramos la renovación de las estrategias de enseñanza y los recursos didácticos para optimizar el proceso general de enseñanza-aprendizaje. De este estudio participaron 189 estudiantes de primer año de medicina, matriculados en el curso de Troncal y Splanchnology en la Universidad de Cádiz (España). Los estudiantes fueron divididos en 5 grupos, cada uno de 38-41 estudiantes. Se les pidió a los estudiantes que completaran un cuestionario de satisfacción proporcionado a cada participante a través de una plataforma en línea. Sobre la base de los resultados, recomendamos el método de pintura corporal como una herramienta alternativa para el aprendizaje de la anatomía de superficie y clínica.

Effect of moderate learning style-teaching mode mismatch on academic performance among 2nd year medical students in Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION: The vagueness surrounding "learning style-teaching mode mismatch" makes its effects uncertain. This study tried to tackle that controversy by comparing and assessing the effect of different learning styles on performance in physiology examination when teaching mode was somewhat different than learning preferences of the 2nd year medical students. METHODS: A total of 102 2nd year medical students participated in this study. Honey and Mumford learning style questionnaire was used to categorize the participants into one of the four learning styles (activist, reflector, theorist, and pragmatist). Many teaching modes were used in the medical college. The first professional theory and practical physiology scores of these 102 students of University of Health Sciences were obtained online. Learning styles were compared with physiology scores and age using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc statistical analysis and between males and females by using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Pragmatists had the lowest total physiology score (P < 0.001), while theorists had the highest total physiology scores (P < 0.001). Activists and reflectors had scores in between pragmatists and theorists, and there was no statistical difference between these two styles of learning (P = 0.9). No student scored below 60%. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the effect of moderate teaching-learning mismatch is different for different learners. Theorists excelled as they had the highest physiology score, while pragmatists lagged in comparison. Reflectors and activists performed better than pragmatists but were worse than theorists. Despite this, none of the students scored below 60%. This shows that a moderate learning style-teaching mode mismatch is not harmful for learning.

PBL teaching model on cultivating students' clinical thinking in clinical practice teaching of ophthalmology / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the teaching effect of problem-based learning(PBL)on cultivating students' clinical thinking in clinical practice teaching of ophthalmology. <p>METHODS: A total of 141 clinical undergraduate students were selected to attend the ophthalmology course in the first semester of the 2017-2018 academic year, students were randomly assigned to the traditional lecture based learning(LBL)teaching group of 69 and the PBL model teaching group of 72 in the clinical practice class. The two groups of students studied the same courses at the early stage, and there was no statistically significant difference in college entrance examination scores, gender, age, and practice time of ophthalmology(<i>P</i>>0.05). At the end of the internship, the teaching effects of the two teaching methods were compared and analyzed by means of students' curriculum assessment questionnaire survey and the clinical examination results. <p>RESULTS: The evaluation of students' satisfaction with the training of various abilities of the course showed that the satisfaction of each ability of the PBL teaching group was higher than that of the traditional teaching group(LBL). Among these abilities, there were statistically significant differences in learning interest improvement, knowledge expansion ability, problem-solving ability and doctor-patient communication ability(<i>P</i><0.05). The PBL group was higher than LBL group in terms of case analysis and skill operation in clinical assessment, and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: PBL teaching method is more effective in clinical practice teaching of ophthalmology, which is beneficial to train clinical thinking and improve teaching quality.

Développement orthographique des enfants français exposés a des pratiques d'enseignement différentes / Orthographic development of French children exposedto different teaching practice / Desarrollo Ortográfico de Niños Franceses Expuestos a Diferentes Prácticas de Enseñanza

Cet article a pour but comprendre comment progresse l'apprentissage de l'orthographe des enfants dans deux classes de Cours Préparatoire (CP) exposés à un enseignement différent de la lecture-écriture. L'étude a eu lieu dans deux écoles primaires, localisées sur la région de Grenoble-France. Les évaluations longitudinales de l'orthographe ont été réalisées en deux classes (A et B) pour analyser les connaissances de l'orthographe tout au long de l'année scolaire. Les productions écrites des enfants ont été analysé afin de repérer le niveau d'orthographe, les types de graphies des mots, la nature des procédures et l'effet de la fréquence des mots. Les résultats ont montré que les enfants de la classe B, exposés à un enseignement équilibré des plusieurs stratégies didactiques et pédagogique englobant le sens et le code, ont respecté plus les contraintes orthographiques dans les épreuves. L'écart entre les performances des deux classes se creuse au fil de l'année scolaire. Dans les deux classes, les graphies erronées ont diminué au long de l'année tandis que les graphies approchées et orthographiques ont augmenté. Les erreurs d'omission et de substitution ont été les plus représentées en début comme en fin d'année. L'analyse du facteur fréquence des mots indique que les élèves de la classe B ont écrit plus de façon orthographique les mots très fréquents. Pour les élèves de la classe A l'effet de la fréquence n'a pas été observé. Ces résultats apportent des pistes pour la réflexion sur la question du développement de l'apprentissage de l'orthographe en différentes contextes d'enseignement.

This article aims at understanding how children's orthographic performance is improved in two classes of Preparatory Course (CP) exposed to contrasting teaching methods of reading-writing. The study took place in two primary schools, located in Grenoble-France region. Longitudinal orthographic assessments were performed in two classes (A and B) to analyze orthographic knowledge throughout the school year. The written outputs of the children were analyzed in order to determine the orthographic level, the types of words used, the nature of the procedures and the effect of the words frequency. The results showed that children in class B, exposed to a balanced teaching of several didactic and pedagogical strategies encompassing the meaning and the code, respected more the orthographic constraints in the tests. The performance gap between the two classes widened over the course of the school year. In both classes, erroneous spellings decreased throughout the year, while approximate spelling and orthographic increased. Errors of omission and substitution were most pronounced at the beginning and at the end of the year. The analysis of the word frequency factor indicates that the pupils from class B wrote more orthographically the very frequent words. For students in class A the effect of word frequency was not observed. These results provide a basis for discussion on the question of the development of orthographic learning in different teaching contexts.

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compreender o progresso da aprendizagem ortográfica no primeiro ano de alfabetização formal em duas classes de Curso Preparatório (CP) expostas a diferentes métodos de ensino da leitura e da escrita. O estudo foi realizado em duas escolas primárias, localizadas na região de Grenoble, França. Foram realizadas avaliações longitudinais nas duas classes (A e B) para analisar o desenvolvimento da ortografia ao longo do ano escolar. Quatorze cartas contendo figuras foram utilizadas para realizar um autoditado individual. As escritas das crianças foram analisadas para identificar o nível de ortografia, tipos de grafia, natureza das estratégias utilizadas pelos alunos e efeito da frequência das palavras. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças da classe B, expostas a um ensino equilibrado das várias estratégias didáticopedagógicas que abrangem significado e código, apresentaram menos falhas ortográficas nas avaliações. A diferença entre os desempenhos das crianças das duas classes aumentou ao longo do ano escolar. Entretanto, em ambas as classes, as grafias incorretas diminuíram ao longo do ano, enquanto que as grafias aproximadas e ortográficas aumentaram. As falhas de omissão e de substituição foram as mais representadas no início e no final do ano. A análise do fator frequência de palavras indica que as crianças da classe B escreveram mais corretamente as palavras que são muito frequentes. Na classe A não foi observado efeito de frequência nas produções das crianças. Estes resultados fornecem pistas para reflexão sobre a questão do desenvolvimento da aprendizagem ortográfica em diferentes contextos de ensino.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo progresa de aprendizaje de la ortografía de los niños en dos clases curso de preparación (CP) expuestas a una enseñanza diferente de la lectura y la escritura. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos escuelas primarias, ubicadas en la región de Grenoble, Francia. La evaluación longitudinal de la ortografía se llevó a cabo en dos clases (A y B) para analizar el conocimiento de la ortografía a lo largo del año escolar. Se analizó la producción escrita de los niños con el fin de identificar el nivel de ortografía, los tipos de formas escritas de las palabras, la naturaleza de los procedimientos y el efecto de la frecuencia de las palabras. Los resultados mostraron que los niños de la clase B, expuestos a una enseñanza equilibrada de varias estrategias didácticas y pedagógicas que abarcan el significado y el código, han integrado más restricciones ortográficas en las evaluaciones. La diferencia entre los resultados de las dos clases se está ampliando a lo largo del año escolar. En ambas clases, las grafías erróneas disminuyeron durante todo el año, mientras que las grafías aproximadas y ortográficas se han incrementado. Los errores de omisión y de sustitución fueron los más comunes tanto al principio como a final de año. El análisis de la frecuencia de factor de palabras indica que los alumnos de la clase B escribieron más a menudo de manera ortográfica las palabras frecuentes. En los alumnos de la clase A, no se observó el efecto de la frecuencia. Estos resultados proporcionan vías para la reflexión sobre el tema del desarrollo del aprendizaje de la ortografía en diferentes contextos de enseñanza.