Autophagic-Related anticancer effect of grapes extract and tomatoes extract: Ex-Vivo study

Cells undergo autophagy to save themselves from injury, but progressive autophagy can cause cell death. This study characterized and compared the effect of grape (resveratrol) and tomato (lycopene) extracts and their combination on modulating autophagy-related miRNA and its target gene in squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Docking analysis for extracts and selected genes was performed. Methyl Thiazol Tetrazolium assays were used to assess the cytotoxicity of extracts and their combination toward HEp-2 cells. qRT-PCR was used to quantify changes in gene expression. Data were statistically analyzed. miRNA-20a was identified as a potential effector in laryngeal cancer, and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) was its target gene. Docking analysis showed that resveratrol interacted with miRNA-20a and showed less affinity toward SQSTM1. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were predicted. In contrast, lycopene showed less affinity toward miRNA-20a than resveratrol. Increasing doses of resveratrol, lycopene, and their combination induced a statistically significant reduction in mean percent viability and mean fold changes of miRNA-20a and SQSTM1 expression in treated HEp-2 cells. Pearson's correlation showed a statistically significant positive correlation between miRNA-20a and SQSTM1 (R=0.812, p≤0.001). Grape and tomato extracts and their combination display promising cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Both extracts reduce the expression of miRNA-20a and SQSTM1 with subsequent inhibition autophagy and promotion of apoptosis in HEp-2 cells.

Las células se someten a autofagia para salvarse de lesiones, pero la autofagia progresiva puede provocar la muerte celular. Este estudio caracterizó y comparó el efecto de los extractos de uva (resveratrol) y tomate (licopeno) y su combinación en la modulación de miARN relacionado con la autofagia y su gen diana en la línea celular de carcinoma de células escamosas. Se realizó análisis de acoplamiento para extractos y genes seleccionados. Se utilizaron ensayos de metil tiazol tetrazolio para evaluar la citotoxicidad de los extractos y su combinación frente a las células HEp-2. qRT-PCR se utilizó para cuantificar los cambios en la expresión génica. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. El miARN-20a se identificó como un efector potencial en el cáncer de laringe y el secuenciasoma-1 (SQSTM1) fue su gen diana. El análisis de acoplamiento mostró que el resveratrol interactuaba con miRNA-20a y mostraba menos afinidad hacia SQSTM1. Se predijeron enlaces de hidrógeno e interacciones hidrofóbicas. Por el contrario, el licopeno mostró menos afinidad hacia el miARN-20a que el resveratrol. El aumento de las dosis de resveratrol, licopeno y su combinación indujo una reducción estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje medio de viabilidad y los cambios medios en la expresión de miRNA- 20a y SQSTM1 en las células HEp-2 tratadas. La correlación de Pearson mostró una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre miRNA-20a y SQSTM1 (R=0,812, p≤0,001). Los extractos de uva y tomate y su combinación muestran una citotoxicidad prometedora contra las células HEp-2 de forma dependiente de la dosis y el tiempo. Ambos extractos reducen la expresión de miRNA-20a y SQSTM1 con la posterior inhibición de la autofagia y promoción de la apoptosis en células HEp-2.

Functional potential and food safety of fresh-cut 'Paluma' guava under edible coatings / Potencial funcional e segurança alimentar de goiaba 'Paluma' minimamente processada sob recobrimentos comestíveis

Guava is a fruit rich in antioxidants and its value can be enhanced by fresh-cut processing, which increases convenience for consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in bioactive compounds, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and microbial quality in slices of fresh-cut (FC) 'Paluma' guava coated with chitosan at 2% (Q), calcium chloride at 1% (CC), calcium chloride at 1% + sodium alginate at 1% (CC + A), calcium chloride at 1% + chitosan at 2% (CC + Q), and control (T - without coating). Coated slices were packed in trays, wrapped with PVC film and kept at 3 ± 1 °C and 75 ± 4% RH for 12 days and evaluated for ascorbic acid, lycopene, ß-carotene, total extractable polyphenols (TEP), and TAA by ABTS+- and DPPH . Ascorbic acid content of slices did not differ by coatings, but TEP was higher in slices coated with Q. The TAA by DPPH was higher in slices coated with Q, however, by ABTS+- it was higher in those coated with Q, CC and CC + Q. No thermotolerant coliforms or Salmonella were detected in FC guava from any treatment. However, slices coated with Q showed the lowest counts of total coliforms and molds and yeasts. Therefore, the application of Q coating provided microbiological safety to FC guava, still maintaining the levels of bioactive compounds and TAA superior to the control slices, which can characterize this as a healthy FC product, with superior functional potential.(AU)

Goiaba é um fruto rico em antioxidantes e pode ser potencializado pelo processamento mínimo, que aumenta a conveniência ao consumo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças nos compostos bioativos, atividade antioxidante total (AAT) e qualidade microbiológica de goiaba 'Paluma' minimamente processada (MP) em fatias e recobertas com quitosana a 2% (Q), cloreto de cálcio a 1% (CC), cloreto de cálcio a 1% + alginato de sódio a 1% (CC + A), cloreto de cálcio a 1% + quitosana a 2% (CC+Q) e testemunha (T - sem recobrimento). Fatias recobertas foram embaladas em bandeja com filme de PVC de 12 µm e mantidas a 3±1 °C e 80±4% U.R durante 12 dias. As avaliações foram ácido ascórbico (AA), licopeno, ß-caroteno, polifenóis extraíveis totais (PET) e atividade antioxidante total (AAT) pelos métodos ABTS+- e DPPH. O conteúdo de AA das fatias não diferiu entre recobrimentos, mas o de PET foi superior nas recobertas com Q. A AAT pelo DPPH foi superior em fatias recobertas com Q, entretanto, pelo ABTS+- foi superior nas recobertas com Q, CC e CC + Q. Não foi detectado coliformes termotolerantes nem Salmonella em goiaba MP de nenhum tratamento. Fatias recobertas com Q apresentaram contagens mais baixas de coliformes e bolores e leveduras. Portanto, a aplicação dos recobrimentos Q conferiu segurança microbiológica à goiaba MP, ainda mantendo os teores de compostos bioativos e TAA superiores às fatias controle, o que pode caracterizar este como um produto MP saudável, com potencial funcional superior.(AU)

Consumo de licopeno en varones adultos de Panamá: relacionado a un alto consumo de productos ultra-procesados derivados del tomate / Lycopene consumption related to a high consumption of ultra-processed foods derived from tomatoes among Panamanian adult males

RESUMEN Antecedentes: En Panamá se desconoce el consumo de licopeno en la dieta usual de población masculina adulta. Varios estudios reportan la relación entre el consumo de licopeno y el cáncer de próstata. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la ingesta de licopeno en varones adultos que acuden a dos Centros de Salud de la Provincia de Panamá. En un estudio analítico y transversal, participaron 130 hombres adultos (18-70 años) perteneciente a los Centros de Salud de Pueblo Nuevo y Parque Lefevre de Ciudad de Panamá en marzo-agosto 2018. Se aplicó cuestionario sociodemográfico y frecuencia de consumo semi-cuantitativa de 12 alimentos conocidos como fuentes de licopeno. Se realizó regresión lineal multivariada empleando método de paso a paso. Resultados: La media geométrica y rango de ± 1DE para ingesta de licopeno fue 6,8(2,5-18,6) mg/día. Sin embargo, en sujetos indígenas, ingesta de licopeno fue 3,4(0,8-14,4) mg/día. Luego de ajustar por edad, lugar, ingresos económicos y errores estándares robustos, pertenecer a una etnia indígena se asoció negativamente con ingesta dietética de licopeno, β= −4,8 mg/día; e IC95%= −9,4 a −0,2 mg/día. Conclusión: La ingesta de licopeno se encuentra dentro de rangos esperados. El mayor consumo se encontró en alimentos ultra-procesados derivados del tomate.

ABSTRACT Background: In Panama, the dietary consumption of lycopene of the male population is unknown. Several studies report the relationship between lycopene consumption and prostate cancer. Objective: To determine the intake of lycopene in adult males who attend two primary health facilities the Province of Panama. Material and methods: We conducted an analytical and cross-sectional study of 130 males (18-70 years) who attend the Pueblo Nuevo and Parque Lefevre health facilities in Panama City. The study was carried-out from March to August 2018. A sociodemographic survey and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were applied and multivariable linear regression using stepwise method was used. Results: The geometric mean and range (±1SD) of the total lycopene consumption was 6.8 (2.5-18.6) mg/day of lycopene. However, in indigenous people, lycopene intake was 3.4 (0.8-14.4) mg/day. After adjustment by age, place, income and standard robust errors, indigenous ethnicity was negatively associated with lycopene dietary intake, β= −4.8 mg/day; and 95% CI= −9.4 to-0.2 mg/day Conclusion: Lycopene intake is within the expected ranges. Indigenous ethnicity was negatively associated with lycopene dietary intake. The highest consumption was found in tomato-derived processed foods.

Autocuidado y prevención del cáncer: de los nahuas prehispánicos a los nutracéuticos contemporáneos / Self-care and cancer prevention: from pre-Hispanic Nahuas to contemporary nutraceuticals

RESUMEN Hace unos cuantos siglos, en la materia médica de los nahuas prehispánicos se incluían alimentos curativos. En la actualidad, legitimado por las ciencias experimentales, nace el nutracéutico como un alimento con propiedades curativas que se utiliza en los modelos de salud preventivos del cáncer. En este artículo, comienzo por proponer que el conocimiento prehispánico puede ser validado epistémica y metodológicamente, si se apela al particular marco conceptual de los prehispánicos. Después, arguyo que el consumo de nutracéticos, como anticancerígenos, puede pensarse como parte de medidas preventivas primarias y secundarias, así como en la comprensión de las prácticas de autocuidado en el marco de la ética contemporánea del cáncer. Concretamente, que el consumo de nutracéticos y los alimentos prehispánicos mexicanos pueden legitimarse como prácticas de bienestar y prevención cada vez más pertinentes, en la intersección de la experiencia del enfermo y de su contexto. La responsabilidad de quien padece, dentro de un contexto sociopolítico cada vez más estructurado por las exigencias de vulnerabilidad del mercado terapéutico y de las estrategias confesionarias que otorgan verdad y validez a las figuras de autoridad, se gana en la práctica de conocerse y entenderse a sí mismo en la intersubjetividad contextual.(AU)

ABSTRACT The pre-Hispanic Nahuas had a medical system that included healing foods among their therapeutic practices. Nowadays, a new knowledge is born, legitimated by experimental sciences: the nutraceutical, a food with curative properties used in cancer preventive health models. In this article, I begin by proposing that pre-Hispanic knowledge can be validated epistemically and methodologically, if we appeal to the particular conceptual framework of the pre-Hispanic. Later, that the consumption of nutraceuticals, as anti-cancer drugs, can be thought of as part of primary and secondary preventive measures, as well as in the understanding of self-care practices in the framework of contemporary cancer bioethics. Specifically, that the consumption of nutraceuticals and Mexican pre-Hispanic foods can be legitimized as increasingly relevant wellness and prevention practices, at the intersection of the patient's experience and his or her context. The responsibility of those who suffer, within a sociopolitical context that is increasingly structured by the demands of vulnerability of the therapeutic market and the confessional strategies that give truth and validity to the figures of authority over whom they suffer, is gained in the practice of knowing and understanding oneself within contextual intersubjetivity.(AU)

Agronomic and biochemical evaluation of cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp / Avaliação agronômica e bioquímica de clones de mandioca com polpa rosada

Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.(AU)

Os programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa estão focados no desenvolvimento de variedades biofortificadas que aliem aos caracteres agronômicos a presença de carotenoides nas raízes de reserva. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar características agronômicas e bioquímicas em clones de mandioca de mesa com polpa rosada. Os nove genótipos foram avaliados por duas safras em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Dentre os clones avaliados se destacaram: i) para altura da primeira ramificação (390/08, 345/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); ii) para altura da planta (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) para peso da parte aérea sem a cepa (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) para porcentagem de amido nas raízes (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); v) para produtividade de raízes (IAC 576-70 e 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). Na safra 2011/2012, todos os clones cozinharam em até 30 minutos, indicando que todos apresentam boas qualidades culinárias. Com relação ao teor de carotenoides totais nas raízes, os clones que se destacaram foram 406/08 e 341/08. Todos os clones avaliados apresentaram teores de HCN nas raízes de reserva de mandioca, inferiores a 100 mg kg-1. Os clones 341/08 e 406/08 apresentam potencial agronômico e bioquímico para cultivo direto pelos produtores na região do Cerrado do Brasil Central e/ou para a utilização como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa.(AU)

Evaluation the Effect of Different Antioxidants Applied After Bleaching on Teeth Color Stability / Avaliação do efeito de diferentes antioxidantes aplicados após o clareamento na estabilidade da cor dos dentes

Objective: Vital bleaching is a popular treatment option for discolored teeth; but at post-treatment stage, loss of adhesion is highly reported. Literature focused on antioxidant application for the answer of this issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of six different antioxidants on color stability of bleached teeth. Material and Methods: This study included total of 84 extracted intact non-carious lower incisors. 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied on the labial surfaces of specimens in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The bleached teeth were divided into 7 groups. No antioxidants were applied to the control group. For the experimental groups, the following antioxidants were applied for 10 minutes each: 5% proanthocyanidin, 5% sodium ascorbate, 5% lycopene, %5 green tea, %5 white tea and %5 α-tocopherol. CIE L*, a* and b* values of the teeth were measured by a spectrophotometer. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences among the groups. Multiple comparisons were examined with Tukey HSD. Results: The one-way ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.005). Highest color change was observed in lycopene group and the lowest in green tea group. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidin, white tea and green tea could be considered as post-bleaching antioxidant alternatives based on their herbal nature. (AU)

Objetivo: O clareamento vital é uma opção popular de tratamento para dentes descoloridos, mas na fase pós-tratamento, a perda de adesão é altamente relatada. A literatura enfocou a aplicação de antioxidantes para a resposta desta questão. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de seis diferentes antioxidantes na estabilidade da cor de dentes clareados. Material e Métodos: Este estudo incluiu um total de 84 incisivos inferiores extraídos, intactos e não cariados. Peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% foi aplicado nas superfícies labiais dos espécimes de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Os dentes clareados foram divididos em 7 grupos. Nenhum antioxidante foi aplicado ao grupo controle. Para os grupos experimentais, os seguintes antioxidantes foram aplicados por 10 minutos cada: proantocianidina a 5%, ascorbato de sódio a 5%, licopeno a 5%, chá verde a 5%, chá branco a 5% e α-tocoferol a 5%. Os valores CIE L *, a * e b * dos dentes foram medidos por um espectrofotômetro. ANOVA um fator foi usada para determinar as diferenças entre os grupos. As comparações múltiplas foram examinadas com Tukey HSD. Resultados: O teste ANOVA revelou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (p <0,005). A maior mudança de cor foi observada no grupo do licopeno e a menor no grupo do chá verde. Conclusão: Proantocianidina, chá branco e chá verde podem ser considerados como alternativas antioxidantes pós-clareamento com base em sua natureza fitoterápica. (AU)

Agronomic and biochemical evaluation of cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp / Avaliação agronômica e bioquímica de clones de mandioca com polpa rosada

ABSTRACT: Sweet cassava breeding programs are focused on the development of bio fortified cultivars that combine significant amounts of carotenoids in their reserve roots with desirable agronomic. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic and biochemical traits in sweet cassava clones with roots that have pink pulp. The nine genotypes were evaluated in two seasons in a randomized block design with three replications. Among the evaluated clones, the following stood out: i) for the height of the first branch (390/08, 345/08 and the control IAC 576-70); ii) for plant height (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) for shoot weight without original steam cutting (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) for the percentage of starch in roots (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 and the control IAC 576-70); and v) for the root yield (the control IAC 576-70 and 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). In the 2011/2012 season, all clones cooked within 30 minutes, indicating that they all have good culinary qualities. Regarding the total carotenoid content in the roots, the clones that stood out were 406/08 and 341/08. All clones evaluated had HCN content below 100 mg kg-1. Clones 341/08 and 406/08 have agronomic and biochemical potential for direct cultivation by producers in the Cerrado region of Central Brazil and / or for use as stock in sweet cassava breeding programs.

RESUMO: Os programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa estão focados no desenvolvimento de variedades biofortificadas que aliem aos caracteres agronômicos a presença de carotenoides nas raízes de reserva. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar características agronômicas e bioquímicas em clones de mandioca de mesa com polpa rosada. Os nove genótipos foram avaliados por duas safras em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Dentre os clones avaliados se destacaram: i) para altura da primeira ramificação (390/08, 345/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); ii) para altura da planta (390/08, 345/08 e 378/08); iii) para peso da parte aérea sem a cepa (390/08, 406/08, 378/08 e 341/08); iv) para porcentagem de amido nas raízes (378/08, 413/08, 390/08 e a testemunha IAC 576-70); v) para produtividade de raízes (IAC 576-70 e 341/08, 390/08, 406/08 e 387/08). Na safra 2011/2012, todos os clones cozinharam em até 30 minutos, indicando que todos apresentam boas qualidades culinárias. Com relação ao teor de carotenoides totais nas raízes, os clones que se destacaram foram 406/08 e 341/08. Todos os clones avaliados apresentaram teores de HCN nas raízes de reserva de mandioca, inferiores a 100 mg kg-1. Os clones 341/08 e 406/08 apresentam potencial agronômico e bioquímico para cultivo direto pelos produtores na região do Cerrado do Brasil Central e/ou para a utilização como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético de mandioca de mesa.

Efecto del zumo de sandía (citrullus lanatus) en el estrés oxidativo en espermatozoides humanos / Effect of watermelon juice (citrullus lanatus) on oxidative stress in human sperm

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las alteraciones reproductivas de causa masculina relacionadas con el estrés oxidativo son cada día más estudiadas y dan cuenta de causas de infertilidad diagnosticada como idiopáticas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del zumo de sandía sobre los parámetros seminales convencionales y funcionales in vitro e in vivo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Cinco muestras de espermatozoides puros fueron incubados con peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2, 5mM) y 0,45% de extracto de sandía, se determinó la movilidad espermática al tiempo 0, 30 y 60 minutos. En los ensayos in vivo se incluyeron 20 individuos a los cuales se les determinaron los parámetros espermáticos convencionales, funcionales y la capacidad antioxidante del plasma seminal por microscopía, citometría y espectrofotometría en los días 0, 7 y 15 después de iniciar el consumo diario de 16 onzas de zumo de sandía. RESULTADOS: El extracto de sandía protege a los espermatozoides del efecto deletéreo del H2O2 sobre la movilidad espermática. Además, el consumo regular de jugo de sandía disminuye la lipoperoxidación de la membrana espermática, la producción intracelular de especies reactivas del oxígeno, el índice de fragmentación del ADN el día 15 y la capacidad antioxidante el día 7 y 15. CONCLUSIONES: El extracto de sandía genera un efecto protector sobre los espermatozoides humanos in vitro, protegiendo su movilidad del efecto negativo del H2O2. Además, si bien el consumo regular de zumo de sandía no mejora los parámetros seminales convencionales, si mejora algunos parámetros funcionales relacionados con el estrés oxidativo.

OBJETIVE: Male reproductive alterations related to oxidative stress are increasingly studied and account for causes of infertility diagnosed as idiopathic. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of watermelon juice on conventional and functional seminal parameters in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five samples of pure sperm were incubated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 5mM) and 0.45% watermelon extract, sperm motility was determined at time 0, 30 and 60 minutes. In vivo assays, 20 individuals were included. Conventional and functional sperm parameters, and antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma using microscopy, cytometry and spectrophotometry were determined on days 0, 7 and 15 after starting daily consumption of 16 ounces of watermelon juice. RESULTS: Watermelon extract protects sperm cells from the deleterious effect of H2O2 on sperm motility. In addition, regular consumption of watermelon juice decreases sperm membrane lipoperoxidation, intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation index on day 15 and antioxidant capacity on day 7 and 15. CONCLUSION: Watermelon extract generates a protective effect on human sperm in vitro, protecting sperm motility from the negative effect of H2O2. In addition, although regular consumption of watermelon juice does not improve conventional seminal parameters, it does improve some functional parameters related to oxidative stress.

¿El licopeno puede eliminar los efectos perjudiciales de la hiperoxia en los cerebros inmaduros? / Can lycopene eliminate the harmful effects of hyperoxia in an immature brain?

Objetivos: Al ser un antioxidante, el licopeno protege a las células contra el daño causado por los radicales libres, fortalece los enlaces intercelulares y mejora el metabolismo celular. Este estudio analiza los efectos del licopeno sobre los trastornos neurodegenerativos por hiperoxia en ratas recién nacidas a término. Métodos: Estas ratas se dividieron en cuatro grupos: grupo 1 de referencia con normoxia, grupo 2 con normoxia + licopeno, grupo 3 de referencia con hiperoxia y grupo 4 con hiperoxia + licopeno. Los grupos 1 y 2 se supervisaron en condiciones de aire ambiental, y los grupos 3 y 4 se supervisaron con un nivel de oxígeno > 85 % O2. Los grupos 2 y 4 recibieron inyecciones intraperitoneales de licopeno de 50 mg/kg/día; los otros grupos recibieron inyecciones intraperitoneales de aceite de maíz con el mismo volumen. Las ratas se sacrificaron en el día 11, después de 10 días con hiperoxia. Se extrajeron los cerebros, y se evaluaron los parámetros del sistema oxidativo. Resultados: Se detectaron lesiones cerebrales por hiperoxia en sustancia blanca, regiones corticales y tálamo. Aumentó la cantidad de células apoptóticas y disminuyó la cantidad de células PCNA positivas en los grupos 3 y 4, comparados con el grupo 1. No se observó una mejora significativa en la cantidad de células apoptóticas y células PCNA positivas en los grupos 3 y 4; además, aumentó la apoptosis. Conclusión: Se halló que el licopeno no mostró efectos terapéuticos para el daño cerebral en ratas recién nacidas. Además, se demostró que el licopeno podría causar efectos tóxicos.

Objectives. In addition to protecting cells against free radical harm thanks to its anti-oxidant nature, lycopene strengthens the bonds among cells and improves cell metabolism. This study focuses on analyzing therapeutic effects of lycopene in hyperoxia-induced neurodegenerative disorders in newborn rats. Methods. Term newborn rats were divided into four groups as the normoxia control group (group-1), normoxia+lycopene group (group-2), hyperoxia control group (group-3) and hyperoxia+lycopene group (group-4). Group-1 and group-2 were monitored in room air while the group-3 and group-4 were monitored at > 85% O2. The group-2 and group-4 were injected with lycopene intrapertioneally (i.p. ) at 50mg/kg/day while the other groups were injected with corn oil i.p. at the same volume. The rats we sacrificed on the 11th day following the 10-day hyperoxia. The brains were removed and oxidant system parameters were assessed. Results. Injury resulting from hyperoxia was detected in the white matter, cortical regions, and thalamus of the brains. It was observed that the number of apoptotic cells increased and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells decreased in the groups-3 and 4 compared to the group-1. No significant improvement in the number of apoptotic cells and PCNA positive cells was observed in the groups-3 and 4, and apoptosis increased as well. Conclusion. This study found that lycopene, did not show any therapeutic effects for brain damage treatment in newborn rats. In addition, this study demonstrated that lycopene might lead to toxic effects.

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and...(AU)

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo...(AU)

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and...

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo...

Evaluation of extracts from potato and tomato wastes as natural antioxidant additives

The industrialization of potato and tomato produces large amount of wastes. Previous studies have demonstrated that these by-products are rich in antioxidant compounds. In this study, the composition and antioxidant efficacy of extracts from potato and tomato by-products were determined in order to evaluate their potential as food additives. Potato and tomato wastes showed to be good sources of fiber, protein and antioxidants. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic, carotenoid and lycopene contents were determined in methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts of the residues. Methanol was the best solvent for the extraction of phenolics while acetone was the best in the extraction of carotenoids in both residues. The greatest antioxidant activity (14.10 µmol Trolox/g) resulted when potato peels were extracted with ethanol. The oxidative stability of canola oil containing either ethanol extracts of potato and tomato wastes (200 and 400 mg/kg) or the synthetic antioxidant BHT (200 mg/kg), compared to oil without antioxidants, was evaluated by measuring their peroxide values, conjugated dienes and p-anisidine value after 72 and 144 h storage at 65 °C. The order of antioxidant efficacy was as follows: potato peels > BHT > tomato residues. The results showed that ethanol extracts of potato and tomato waste could be used as natural antioxidant additives in the protection of vegetable oils(AU)

La industrialización de la papa y el jitomate genera grandes cantidades de desechos. Estudios previos han demostrado que estos subproductos son ricos en compuestos antioxidantes. En este trabajo se determinaron la composición y la eficacia antioxidante de subproductos de papa y jitomate con el fin de evaluar su potencial como aditivos alimentarios. Los desechos de papa y jitomate demostraron ser buenas fuentes de fibra, proteína y antioxidantes. Se determinó la actividad antioxidante y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, carotenoides y licopeno en extractos metanólicos, etanólicos y acetónicos de los residuos. El mejor disolvente para la extracción de compuestos fenólicos fue el metanol mientras que la acetona fue el mejor disolvente para extraer los carotenoides. La mayor actividad antioxidante (14.10 µmol Trolox/g) se obtuvo cuando las cáscaras de papa se extrajeron con etanol. La estabilidad oxidativa de aceite de canola adicionado con los extractos etanólicos de desechos de papa o jitomate (200 y 400 mg/kg) o con el antioxidante sintético BHT (200 mg/kg), comparándolos con aceite sin antioxidantes, se evaluó mediante la medición de su índice de peróxidos, dienos conjugados e índice de anisidina, después de almacenarlo a 65°C durante 72 y 144 h. El orden de eficacia antioxidante fue como sigue: cáscara de papa > BHT > residuos de jitomate. Los resultados demostraron que los extractos etanólicos de los desperdicios de papa y jitomate podrían ser usados como aditivos antioxidantes naturales en la protección de aceites vegetales(AU)

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and le

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo

Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive characteristics of male broiler breeders during the post-peak production phase / Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte na fase pós pico de produção

Because of their membrane constitution, sperm cells of male broiler breeders are prone to lipid peroxidation, which affects their fertilizing capacity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the reproductive characteristics of 12 male broiler breeders (Cobb) older than 50 weeks. The roosters were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (treatment 1: commercial feed; treatment 2: commercial feed supplemented with canthaxanthin, lycopene, and vitamin C) and 6 replicates. Semen samples were collected by abdominal massage, and then underwent evaluation of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, vigor, and morphology. Morphometric analyses of testes, combs, and dewlaps were performed at 68 weeks. Testes samples were collected for morphometric analysis of seminiferous tubules and analysis of cellular proliferation in the germinal epithelium by using immunohistochemical staining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) antibodies. Statistical data analysis was performed using the SAS software (SAS, 2002). No significant effects of antioxidant supplementation were observed on semen characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant positive effect of the antioxidant blend was observed on the percentage of normal sperm, dewlap weight and width, and testes weight and le

Os espermatozoides de machos reprodutores de frango de corte são células propensas a peroxidação lipídica, dada à constituição biológica de sua membrana, influenciando a capacidade fertilizante do macho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frangos de corte com idade superior a 50 semanas. Foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos (tratamento 1: ração comercial; tratamento 2: ração comercial suplementada de cantaxantina, licopeno e vitamina C) e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal e submetidas à avaliação do volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo através de imunohistoquímica anti-PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas foram analisadas nas 68 semanas de idade. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o software SAS (SAS, 2002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) com a adição dos antioxidantes sobre as características seminais. Houve efeito positivo

Development and evaluation of an emulsion containing lycopene for combating acceleration of skin aging

Lycopene, a carotenoid and potent antioxidant is found in large quantities in tomatoes. Lycopene combats diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and different types of cancer, including prostate cancer. However, its topical use in emulsion form for the combat of skin aging is under-explored. The aim of the present study was to develop an emulsion containing lycopene extracted from salad tomatoes and evaluate its cytotoxicity, stability, rheological behavior, antioxidant activity and phytocosmetic permeation. The developed cosmetic comprised an oil phase made up of shea derivatives and was evaluated in terms of its physiochemical stability, spreadability, thermal analysis, rheological behavior, microbiological quality, cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, cutaneous permeation and retention. The results demonstrate that this phytocosmetic is stable, exhibits satisfactory rheological behavior for a topical formula and is a promising product for combating skin aging.

Licopeno é um carotenóide com potente atividade antioxidante encontrado em grande quantidade no tomate e usado no combate a diversas doenças como doenças cardiovasculares e diferentes tipos de cânceres, incluindo o câncer de próstata. O objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver uma emulsão contendo extrato de licopeno obtido do tomate salada e avaliar a citotoxicidade do extrato, a estabilidade, o comportamento reológico, atividade antioxidante e permeação do fitocosmético. O cosmético foi desenvolvido utilizando fase oleosa contendo derivados de Karité e submetido à avaliação da estabilidade físico-química, espalhabilidade, análise térmica, comportamento reológico, qualidade microbiológica, citotoxicidade, atividade antioxidante e testes de permeação e retenção cutânea. Os resultados demonstraram que o fitocosmético é estável, apresenta comportamento reológico desejável para uma formulação tópica e é um produto promissor para ser utilizado no combate à aceleração do envelhecimento cutâneo.

El consumo elevado de licopeno sumado a una ingestión reducida de carnes rojas aumenta el poder antioxidante total

Los sistemas antioxidantes del cuerpo humano son capaces de remover a los radicales libres, protegiendo así al organismo del daño que estos pueden ocasionar, y pueden ser valorados en conjunto mediante la determinación del poder antioxidante total (TAS, por sus siglas en inglés). Este biomarcador es modulado por la alimentación mediante la incorporación de sustancias con propiedades antioxidantes o prooxidantes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estimar la ingestión de nutrientes antioxidantes y grupos específicos de alimentos y correlacionarla con el TAS. Fueron seleccionados al azar 45 sujetos de sexo masculino, entre 50 y 75 años, de una consulta médica de rutina. El trabajo consistió en una evaluación de TAS mediante técnica ABTS más una entrevista nutricional donde se evaluó la composición corporal mediante antropometría y la ingestión habitual de nutrientes y grupos específicos de alimentos mediante un recordatorio de 24 h y un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos validado para tal fin. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson o Spearman según la normalidad de la muestra (p<0,05). El TAS se correlacionó positivamente con el consumo de licopeno (r=0,295; p=0,049) y negativamente con la ingestión de carnes rojas (r= -0,403; p=0,007). Los demás nutrientes o alimentos no se correlacionaron con el TAS. Por lo tanto, una ingestión elevada de licopeno y un consumo reducido de carnes rojas ayudarían a mejorar el sistema antioxidante del organismo.

High intake of lycopene together with low intake of red meat increases the total antioxidant status. The body's antioxidant systems are able to remove free radicals, thus protecting the body from the damage they may cause. They can be estimated, as a whole, through the determination of total antioxidant status (TAS). This biomarker can be modulated by dietary factors through the incorporation of substances with antioxidant or prooxidant properties. The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of antioxidant nutrients and specific food groups, and its correlation with TAS. Fortyfive male volunteers between 50 and 75 years were randomly selected from a medical consultation. The study included a TAS determination by ABTS and a nutritional interview where corporal composition was studied through anthropometry and the habitual consumption of nutrients was estimated by means of 24 hour diary and food consumption frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient (p <0.05). TAS was positively correlated with lycopene consumption (r=0,295; p=0,049), and negatively with red meat intake (r= -0,403; p= 0,007), while intake of other studied antioxidant nutrients did not correlate significantly with TAS. In conclusion, high intake of lycopene and reduced red meat consumption increase TAS.

Physical and chemical characteristics and lycopene retention of dried tomatoes subjected to different pre-treatments

This study evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics (moisture, pH, acidity titratable, soluble solidsand color) and lycopene retention in dried tomatoes submitted to different pretreatments. The tomatoes were cut longitudinally and submitted to the osmotic dehydration for 120 minutes. Six osmotic solutions were used with the following concentrations: NaCl 5, NaCl 10, NaCl 5 + sucrose 10, NaCl 10 + sucrose5, sucrose 5, sucrose 10 (w/v), and the osmotic dehydration was conducted with direct application of the solutes (NaCl or mixture of NaCl + sucrose). Soon afterwards the tomatoes were submitted to drying at65°C for 12 hours. The osmo-convective drying promoted an increase in the level of soluble solids, titratable acidity and reduction of the pH, except for the sucrose solutions, that did not alter the pH of the tomatoes.The ternary solution (NaCl + sucrose), binary (NaCl 10) and the direct application of the solutes promoted significant moisture reduction in relation to the control. The osmotic solutions only containing sucrose or NaCl 5 presented lycopene retention significantly superior to the other treatments. The use of the osmotic dehydration as pretreatment for drying of the tomato can contribute to accelerate the drying process and to preserve the tomato lycopene level.(AU)

Physical and chemical characteristics and lycopene retention of dried tomatoes subjected to different pre-treatments

This study evaluated the physical and chemical characteristics (moisture, pH, acidity titratable, soluble solidsand color) and lycopene retention in dried tomatoes submitted to different pretreatments. The tomatoes were cut longitudinally and submitted to the osmotic dehydration for 120 minutes. Six osmotic solutions were used with the following concentrations: NaCl 5, NaCl 10, NaCl 5 + sucrose 10, NaCl 10 + sucrose5, sucrose 5, sucrose 10 (w/v), and the osmotic dehydration was conducted with direct application of the solutes (NaCl or mixture of NaCl + sucrose). Soon afterwards the tomatoes were submitted to drying at65°C for 12 hours. The osmo-convective drying promoted an increase in the level of soluble solids, titratable acidity and reduction of the pH, except for the sucrose solutions, that did not alter the pH of the tomatoes.The ternary solution (NaCl + sucrose), binary (NaCl 10) and the direct application of the solutes promoted significant moisture reduction in relation to the control. The osmotic solutions only containing sucrose or NaCl 5 presented lycopene retention significantly superior to the other treatments. The use of the osmotic dehydration as pretreatment for drying of the tomato can contribute to accelerate the drying process and to preserve the tomato lycopene level.

Teores de Β-caroteno e licopeno em função das doses de fósforo e potássio em frutos de diferentes genótipos de tomateiro industrial / Tenors of Β-carotene and lycopene in function of phosphorus and potassium rates in fruits of the different genotypes of industrial tomatoes

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Setor de Olericultura e Experimentação da Universidade José do Rosário Vellano ­ UNIFENAS durante o ano de 2005 . O objetivo foi avaliar teores de carotenóides em frutos de diferentes genótipos de tomate industrial em função das doses de fósforo e potássio aplicados no solo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 3 compreendendo dois genótipos de tomateiro (1095 e 1570), três doses de K2O (45, 90 e 180 kg ha-1) e três doses de P2O5 (40, 80 e 160 kg ha-1) e 3 repetições. As características avaliadas foram: teores de licopeno, ß-caroteno e açúcares totais nos frutos maduros de tomate. Pelos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o efeito das doses de fósforo e potássio não interferiram significativamente nos teores de carotenóides e açúcares totais contidos nos genótipos de tomateiros industriais (genótipos 1095 e 1570). Pôde-se observar uma maior influência do material genético na capacidade de produção nos teores de ß-caroteno com efeitos significativos para este carotenóide.

presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Setor de Olericultura e Experimentação da Universidade José do Rosário Vellano ­ UNIFENAS durante o ano de 2005 . O objetivo foi avaliar teores de carotenóides em frutos de diferentes genótipos de tomate industrial em função das doses de fósforo e potássio aplicados no solo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 3 compreendendo dois genótipos de tomateiro (1095 e 1570), três doses de K2O (45, 90 e 180 kg ha-1) e três doses de P2O5 (40, 80 e 160 kg ha-1) e 3 repetições. As características avaliadas foram: teores de licopeno, ß-caroteno e açúcares totais nos frutos maduros de tomate. Pelos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o efeito das doses de fósforo e potássio não interferiram significativamente nos teores de carotenóides e açúcares totais contidos nos genótipos de tomateiros industriais (genótipos 1095 e 1570). Pôde-se observar uma maior influência do material genético na capacidade de produção nos teores de ß-caroteno com efeitos significativos para este carotenóide.

Concentração de micronutrientes em mães e seus recém-nascidos por ocasião do parto / Mother's and newborn's plasmatic concentration of micronutrients at the moment of childbirth

Trata-se de estudo transversal com uma amostra sequencial de conveniência de 73 gestantes, não fumantes, sem intercorrências durante a gravidez e seus recém-nascidos normais, objetivando comparar concentrações plasmáticas de retinol, β caroteno, licopeno, α tocoferol e cobre entre mães e recém-nascidos. Colheu-se sangue da parturiente e do cordão umbilical (após dequitação) para dosagem dos micronutrientes. Retinol, β caroteno, licopeno e α tocoferol foram dosados por HPLC e o cobre por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Para análise foram separados 2 grupos:- grupo 1, 38 gestantes com suplementação vitaminico-mineral pelo menos no último trimestre da gravidez e grupo 2, 35 gestantes que não haviam recebido suplementação. As comparações estatísticas foram pelo teste t de Student ou pelo teste de Wilcoxon, com um α crítico de 0,05. Os dois grupos de mães eram símiles quanto a idade, paridade, IMC e a baixa ingestão de calorias e de micronutrientes. Os grupos de recém-nascidos não evidenciaram diferença quanto a sexo, peso, comprimento e perímetro cefálico. As concentrações plasmáticas maternas do grupo 1 foram maiores para o retinol(p = 0,0034) e a tocoferol(p = 0,0279). β caroteno, licopeno e cobre não evidenciaram diferenças entre os dois grupos de mães. Nos dois grupos de recém-nascidos as concentrações de retinol, tocoferol e cobre foram semelhantes e praticamente não houve concentrações detectáveis de licopeno e α caroteno. Em ambos os grupos retinol, a tocoferol e cobre apresentaram maiores concentrações nas mães do que nos recém-nascidos, p = 0,0003, p = 0,0001, p = 0,0001, respectivamente. Conclui-se que as concentrações nos recém-nascidos foram sempre menores do que as maternas, independentemente da ingestão e da suplementação durante a gravidez.(AU)

Cross sectional study of a sequential convenience sample of 73 non smokers' pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and their normal newborns. The aim of the study was to compare plasmatic concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, licopen and α-tocopherol between mothers and their infants. Blood was obtained from parturient and umbilical cord for micronutrient analysis. HPLC was used for retinol, α-carotene, licopen and α-tocopherol analysis. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for copper measurements. The sample was divided into 2 groups: group 1, with 38 women that had received vitamin and mineral supplementation during the last gestational trimester and group 2, with 35 women who have had no supplementation. Statistic comparison used Student t test or Wilcoxon test (alpha = 0.05). The groups of mothers were similar regarding age, parity, BMI and ingestion (low) of calories and micronutrients. The newborn groups had no differences according to sex, head circumference, weight and length. Plasmatic concentrations in group 1 of mothers were greater for retinol (p = 0.0034) and α-tocopherol (p = 0.0279). β-carotene, licopen and cupper showed no differences between the groups at mothers. In both newborn groups concentration of retinol, α-tocopherol and copper were quite similar and there was no clearly detectable licopen and ² carotene. In both, retinol, α-tocopherol and cupper showed larger concentration in mothers than in newborns (respectively p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0001). The conclusion is that newborn concentrations were systematically smaller than their mothers', independently of ingestion or supple-mentation during pregnancy.(AU)