Effectiveness of Abdominal Massage Versus Kinesio Taping in Women With Chronic Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/Aims: Chronic constipation is an important public health problem and significantly affects women's lives. It is important to investigate non-pharmacological applications that can be used in the treatment of chronic constipation. The aim is to assess how abdominal massage and kinesio taping impact constipation severity, quality of life (QOL), and perception of subjective improvement in women with chronic constipation. Methods: Following Rome IV diagnostic criteria, women with constipation were randomly sorted into three distinct groups for study: massage group (lifestyle recommendations+abdominal massage, n:22), taping group (lifestyle recommendations+kinesio taping, n:22), and control group (lifestyle recommendations, n:22). Constipation Severity Instrument (CSI) (for constipation severity), 7 days bowel diary (for bowel function), Patient Assessment of Constipation QOL (PAC-QOL) questionnaire (for QOL), 4-item Likert-type scale (for perception of subjective improvement) was used. Results: The group x time interaction effect was significant in all CSI, bowel diary and PAC-QQL parameters, except for incomplete evacuation and PAC-QOL-worries/concerns, and a large effect size was found (Partial η2 > 0.14). Improvement scores of all parameters (except CSI-obstructive defecation, incomplete evacuation, PAC-QOL-worries/concerns) were similar in the massage and taping groups and were better than the control group. Noteworthy perceptions of subjective improvement and normalization of stool type predominantly manifested in the massage group (p<0.05). Conslusion: Abdominal massage and kinesio taping are recommended as initial conservative interventions for managing chronic constipation within the therapeutic spectrum.

Cold sensitivity among female clinical nurses in Japan: A nationwide study.

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the nature of cold sensitivity in female nurses working in hospitals in Japan. Design: A cross-sectional post survey research design. Settings: The questionnaire targeted nurses working in 14 hospitals across ten prefectures throughout Japan. Participants: 1,138 female nurses. Methods: The survey captured participants' characteristics, work environment, health, and lifestyle. The factors investigated were perceived cold sensitivity, cold sensitivity according to the Hiesho Sensation Scale, and cold sensitivity during nursing care. The Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Life Habits (DIHAL.2) assessed health and lifestyle habits. Results: Of the respondents, 44.3 % were aware of daily cold sensitivity and 21.4 % had a cold sensitivity disorder. The majority of respondents (63.1 %) felt cold in their hands when providing nursing care, and 28.1 % felt discomfort due to the coldness of their hands. Individuals diagnosed with cold sensitivity disorders exhibited poorer overall health compared to those without such disorders. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall health status between individuals who reported perceiving cold sensitivity and those who did not. The group with perceived cold sensitivity had significantly lower scores on exercise behavior, meal regularity, rest, sleep regularity, and sleep sufficiency. The proportion of female nurses working in Japanese hospitals who experienced cold sensitivity was similar to that of Japanese women with the same sensitivity. Most female nurses experienced cold in their hands while providing care. Nearly 30 % of the respondents experienced discomfort owing to cold hands. Conclusions: The study underscores the widespread issue of cold sensitivity among female nurses in Japanese hospitals, emphasizing the critical need for targeted interventions to improve their comfort and optimize care provision.

Impact of lifestyle interventions on pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

This editorial builds on the article titled "Establishment and validation of an adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" by Zeng et al. We carried out a critical examination of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis and how lifestyle interventions could facilitate disease resolution, particularly highlighting that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of NAFLD. Our discussion details that weight loss is a pivotal factor in disease outcomes: A 3%-5% reduction is enough for resolution in 50% of non-obese individuals, while a 7%-10% reduction achieves similar benefits in obese individuals, as demonstrated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, the editorial underscores that such lifestyle changes are instrumental not only in resolving NAFLD but also in reversing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. These insights, derived from the research, emphasize the critical role of personalized lifestyle modifications in halting the progression of NAFLD to NASH and even reversing fibrosis, thus offering a template for effective patient management.

High Compliance with the Lifestyle-Modification Program "Change 10 Habits" Is Effective for Obesity Management.

Background: Low compliance (LC) with lifestyle modification is a very common obstacle in obesity management. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of obesity management according to compliance with a lifestyle-modification program. Methods: The "Change 10 Habits" program was administered four times over 12 weeks. Eighty-seven participants were divided into LC and high compliance (HC) groups for analysis after intervention. Then, to assess the program's effectiveness based on compliance, we conducted t-tests and linear regression modeling. Results: In week 12, the scores of two dietary habits-specifically, "eat three meals regularly, adequate amount" and "do not eat after 9:00 PM"-were significantly higher in the HC group than in the LC group. Changes in leg and total body fat percentages were significantly improved in the HC group (-0.2%±0.3% vs. 0.9%±0.3%, P<0.05; -0.1%±0.3% vs. 1.1%±0.5%, P<0.05, respectively). The body mass index was also significantly lower in the HC group than in the LC group (26.7±1.8 kg/m2 vs. 27.7±2.1 kg/m2, P<0.05) at final follow-up. Finally, the systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values of the HC group also decreased significantly (from 117.9±12.2 to 114.3±15.0 mmHg, P<0.05; from 121.7±74.9 to 105.7±60.9 mg/dL, P<0.05; and from 24.3±15.0 to 21.1±12.2 mg/dL, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: HC with the study program effectively improved the dietary habits, body fat composition, blood pressure, and lipid profile of adults with mild obesity.

The impact of lifestyle, measured with the HLPCQ questionnaire on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Poland: a multicenter study.

Metabolic syndrome is one of the most common health problems for people around the world. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults without prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. We also plan to assess the influence of certain lifestyle components on prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The study involved cardiovascularly healthy patients undergoing lab tests, measurements, and the HLPCQ questionnaire (The Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire). The data were used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Out of 1044 patients from 10 primary care facilities, 23.3% met the metabolic syndrome criteria, showing a strong link with increased blood pressure, cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Lower scores in the Organized physical exercise subscale of the HLPCQ questionnaire were noted in those with metabolic syndrome. Comparing the subscale of HLPCQ questionnaire, the lower results in Organized physical exercise subscale were found among the participants with metabolic syndrome, both male and females. Metabolic syndrome, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, should be screened for actively, even in apparently healthy populations. Results obtained in our study from analysis of HLPCQ show that screening for metabolic syndrome should be preceded by prevention based on regular physical activity and proper eating habits.

The nutrition and therapeutic potential of millets: an updated narrative review.

Millets are ancient small grains grown in arid and semiarid regions of the world. They are staple food for many people in Asia and Africa. They are abundant sources of minerals and vitamins, giving them the name Nutricereals. Moreover, millets contain valuable phytochemicals that impart therapeutic properties for various disorders and diseases, thus giving them nutraceutical value. A wide array of biochemical compounds are present in the plant parts as well as the grains. In the oldest texts of medicine in India and China, millets are mentioned for use for their medicinal value. There has been expanding interest and emerging facts about millets and their therapeutic uses. Ample evidence shows that consumption of millets amounts to correction of life style and metabolic disorders. Therapeutic properties of millets can be viewed in two ways, supplementary nutrition through minerals and vitamins, and therapeutic value through the presence of phytochemicals and specialty compounds that include flavonoids, phenolics, anthocyanidins and others that have antioxidant potential. Millets are gluten free, have low glycemic index and the phytochemicals aid in correction of lifestyle disorders and prevention of ailments like carcinogenesis. Supplementary benefits include treatment of anemia and calcium deficiency especially for pregnant women and young children. With the improvements in analytical methods for detection of various compounds, it is possible to identify the compound-specific genotypes in millets that can cater to the pharmacy industry. End-use specific genotypes can be bred to meet the demand. Millets being climate resilient, can contribute to a healthier life and better world through economic usage of natural resources.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Y-Chromosome Microdeletions and Their Relationship to Male Infertility and Lifestyle Variables.

BACKGROUND: Male infertility is the inability of a male to conceive a fertile female during at least a year of unprotected sexual activity. A variety of medical conditions and treatments cause male infertility. Y chromosome microdeletion is an important cause of infertility among males. Various epidemiological factors also play a role in the occurrence of infertility. Our study aims to determine the association between Y-chromosome microdeletion and age, sperm count, body mass index (BMI), alcohol, and tobacco consumption. METHODS: This study was conducted in 70 male infertility cases. Data was collected from 2018 to 2023 at the Genetic Lab, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Demographic profiles, including age, sperm count, weight and height, and history of smoking and drinking, were collected from individuals. BMI was calculated, and chromosome analysis was done for Y chromosome microdeletion. Both multiplex and singleplex methods were used to determine the microdeletion using a thermocycler (Applied Biosystems, VeritiTM 96-well Fast Thermal Cycler, 0.2 ml USA) in AZF, and the association between age, sperm count, BMI, alcohol, and tobacco was determined. RESULTS: The number of regions deleted among individuals varies from one to seven. Regions Sy746, Sy143, and Sy145 were found to be commonly deleted. We found a positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between age and microdeletion (point biserial correlation coefficient (r) = 0.2, p-value = 0.097). When comparing age with sperm count, the results showed a negative correlation, highlighting the influence of age on sperm count (r (68) = 0.284, p = 0.017). In comparing BMI and microdeletion, no significant relationship (χ² = 3.7, p = 0.296) indicated independence between them. According to our observations, microdeletion affects all smokers and 45% of non-smokers. We found a significant association between smoking and microdeletion (χ2 = 4.49, P = 0.034). There was no statistically significant relationship between microdeletion and drinking (χ²(3) = 5.65, p = 0.13). CONCLUSION: We discovered a significant positive association between smoking and a positive, but not statistically significant, correlation between age, BMI, and drinking, as well as a microdeletion. There are probably a lot of unidentified variables that affect successful fertilization and implantation. These could include variables that affect fertility and the success of reproduction on an environmental, genetic, and epigenetic level. The study reveals that Y chromosome microdeletion and other epidemiological factors coexist concurrently in cases of infertility. Assessing these variables is crucial for infertile patients. A community-based, comprehensive survey is required to assess the overall consequences of various epidemiological factors on infertility.

Determining Associations Among Health Orientation, Fitness Orientation, and Attitudes Toward Fatness in Physiotherapists and Physiotherapy Students Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Purpose: Research suggests physiotherapists hold negative attitudes and beliefs toward fatness and fat people. Physiotherapists are also health-conscious, and invested in healthy lifestyle behaviours including physical activity. Our purpose was to describe relationships between health orientation, fitness orientation, and fat attitudes. Methods: Physiotherapists (n = 187) and physiotherapy students (n = 34) completed an online survey (Health Orientation Scale, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Fat Attitudes Assessment Toolkit). Structural equation modeling estimated associations between fat attitudes (dependent variable) and health and fitness orientation (independent variables). Results: Participants scored high in orientation toward fitness and health. We found strong positive associations between fitness orientation and health orientation (p < 0.001). Health orientation was not significantly associated with fat attitudes (p = 0.075), whereas increased age was associated with more positive fat attitudes (p < 0.01). Although most participants acknowledged that factors outside an individual's control contribute to body weight, many also agreed with normative negative perspectives. Conclusions: Physiotherapists are highly oriented toward fitness and health. This may underlie beliefs in the controllability of body weight and contribute to negative attitudes toward fatness and fat people. Further research, with greater sample sizes is necessary to further investigate associations between health orientation and fat attitudes.

Objectif: selon les recherches, les physiothérapeutes ont des attitudes et croyances négatives à l'égard de l'obésité et des personnes obèses. Ils sont également soucieux de la santé et investis dans des comportements sains, y compris l'activité physique. Les chercheurs visaient à décrire la relation entre l'orientation vers la santé, l'orientation vers la forme physique et les attitudes vers l'obésité. Méthodologie: les physiothérapeutes (n = 187) et les étudiants en physiothérapie (n = 34) ont rempli un sondage en ligne (échelle d'orientation vers la santé, questionnaire multidimensionnel des relations entre le corps et soi, outil d'évaluation des attitudes envers l'obésité). Les chercheurs ont utilisé la modélisation des équations structurelles pour estimer les associations entre les attitudes envers l'obésité (variables dépendantes) et l'orientation vers la santé et la forme physique (variables indépendantes). Résultats: les participants ont obtenu un résultat élevé à l'égard de l'orientation vers la forme physique et vers la santé. Les chercheurs ont trouvé des associations positives vigoureuses entre l'orientation vers la forme physique et l'orientation vers la santé (p < 0,001). L'orientation vers la santé n'était pas associée de manière significative aux attitudes envers l'obésité (p = 0,075), mais un âge plus avancé était associé à des attitudes plus positives envers l'obésité (p < 0,01). Même si la plupart des participants reconnaissent que des facteurs hors du contrôle individuel contribuent au poids, bon nombre conviennent également avoir des points de vue négatifs normatifs. Conclusions: les physiothérapeutes sont fortement orientés vers la forme physique et la santé, ce qui peut sous-tendre des croyances à l'égard de la contrôlabilité du poids et contribuer à des attitudes négatives envers l'obésité et les personnes obèses. Il faudra réaliser des recherches plus approfondies auprès d'échantillons plus importants pour étudier les associations entre l'orientation vers la santé et les attitudes envers l'obésité de manière plus approfondie.

Within and post-trial effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on kidney disease in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a secondary analysis of the Look AHEAD clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: The Look AHEAD randomized clinical trial reported that an 8-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) compared with diabetes support and education (DSE) in adults aged 45-76 years with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity delayed kidney disease progression. Here, we report long-term post-intervention follow-up for the trial's secondary outcome of kidney disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined effects of ILI (n=2570) versus DSE (n=2575) on decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 or need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT: dialysis or kidney transplant) during intervention and post-intervention follow-up (median 15.6 years overall). RESULTS: Incidence of eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 was lower in ILI during the intervention (HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.98) but not post-intervention (HR=1.03, 0.86 to 1.23) or overall (HR=0.92, 0.80 to 1.04). There were no significant treatment group differences in KRT. In prespecified subgroup analyses, age×treatment interactions were significant over total follow-up: p=0.001 for eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and p=0.01 for KRT. The 2205 participants aged >60 years at baseline had benefit in both kidney outcomes during intervention and overall (HR=0.75, 0.62 to 0.90 for eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2; HR=0.62, 0.43 to 0.91 for KRT). The absolute treatment effects were greater post-intervention: ILI reduced the rate of eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 by 0.46 and 0.76 cases/100 person-years during and post-intervention, respectively; and reduced KRT by 0.15 and 0.21 cases/100 person-years. The younger participants experienced no such post-intervention benefits. CONCLUSIONS: ILI reduced kidney disease progression during and following the active intervention in persons aged ≥60 years. ILI should be considered for reducing kidney disease incidence in older persons with type 2 diabetes.

Effect of meditation and relaxation therapy on preoperative anxiety and stress in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgery: An experimental study.

Context: The diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] and its treatment phase is emotionally demanding for the patient and challenging for the surgeon. The induction of stress and anxiety is unavoidable in these patients. It becomes very important for the patient to have psychological as well as physical stability during this treatment phase. Various studies have reported the beneficial effect of meditation along with relaxation therapy on healthy individuals but the beneficial effect of meditation and relaxation therapy [MRT] to reduce stress and anxiety preoperatively in OSCC patients has not been reported in scientific literature. Aim: The aim of this study was to study the effect of MRT on preoperative anxiety and stress in OSCC patients undergoing for oral and maxillofacial surgery. Settings and Design: An experimental, parallel study design was carried out with randomization of patients into experimental[25] and control group[25] with allocation ratio 1:1 in 50 patients diagnosed with OSCC [stage II or III] scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgery with general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: The biopsy which was the prerequisite for the diagnosis was taken. Twenty-one days before surgery in experimental group, patients were oriented about meditation and relaxation exercises. The reorientation of MRT was done from the day of admission twice a day till the day of surgery. Physiological parameters for stress and anxiety like heart rate [HR], blood pressure [BP], pulse rate [PR], and respiratory rate [RR] were evaluated on 1st day of MRT at 9 am and on the day of surgery. The serum cortisol which was quantitative parameter for stress was evaluated 1st day of MRT at 9 am fasting and on the day of surgery. The qualitative analysis for anxiety was done preoperatively using visual analog scale on the 1st day before MRT and compared with the values on the day of surgery after MRT at a specific time. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test analysis was used intragroup whereas unpaired t-test was used intergroup between experimental and control groups with significance at P = 0.05 and highly significant at P = 0.0001. Results: The serum cortisol was significantly less in the experimental group over control group with t = 7.04 and P = 0.0001. The systolic and diastolic BP, pulse rate, respiratory rate, and anxiety in the experimental group reported significantly less rate compared to the control group with t = 5.66, t = 22.2, t = 11.93, t = 27.71, and P = 0.0001. Conclusion: In our study, MRT in the form of Sukhasana, Anulom Vilom, Omkar chanting, and Shavasana for 30 min twice daily has shown positive effect to reduce stress and anxiety. The serum cortisol as a quantitative parameter has been effectively evaluated in this benchmark study.

Personal value of Alzheimer's disease biomarker testing and result disclosure from the patient and care partner perspective.

INTRODUCTION: We described patients' and care partners' experiences with Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker testing and result disclosure in routine care. METHODS: IMPACT-AD BC is an observational study of clinic patients who underwent AD CSF biomarker testing as part of their routine medical care (n = 142). In the personal utility arm of the study, semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with a subset of patients (n = 34), and separately with their care partners (n = 31). Post-disclosure interviews were conducted ∼1 month and ∼6 months after biomarker result disclosure and investigated the patients' decision-making process around testing, impact of receiving results, wellness and lifestyle changes, and future planning. RESULTS: A majority of patients (90%) rated their decision to undergo testing as "easy." Post-disclosure, the majority (82%) reported overall positive feelings from having greater certainty and the ability to plan ahead, and results spurred them to adopt/continue healthy behaviors such as exercise (84%) and cognitive activities (54%). Care partners expressed relief from having more diagnostic certainty, increased appreciation of future caregiving responsibilities, and a desire to connect with support resources. DISCUSSION: Perspectives of persons with lived experience in dementia provide new insight into the value of biomarker testing and should be included as part of evidence-guided considerations for pre-test counseling and result disclosure. Moreover, study findings identify an interval when patients and care partners are highly receptive to positive lifestyle and medical interventions.

Pain management in chronic pancreatitis.

Pain in chronic pancreatitis (CP) is difficult to manage. Many patients suffer from inadequate pain relief, completely incapacitating them in their daily activities. Historically, despite their well-known adverse effects, opioids have been the pillar of treatment regimens in painful CP. The management is now gradually evolving with a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of CP-related pain. Clinicians should follow a holistic approach to the management of CP-associated pain, which must involve lifestyle changes that are coupled with analgesic medications and other pain-relieving interventions. Furthermore, there is no easy cure for vanquishing CP-associated pain. Each patient must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by a multidisciplinary team to decide which treatment option is best suited for that individual.

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Hemodialysis.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a common disorder that puts patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. To our knowledge, there is no published study in Pub Med which evaluated both lifestyle and metabolic syndrome in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and investigate the potential risk factors in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 204 patients enrolled conveniently. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria considered for Metabolic Syndrome. Demographics, lifestyle, and disease characteristics were gathered. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and its severity with independent variables was investigated through multivariable multivariate logistic and linear regressions. Results: The mean (SD) age was 55 (14) years and 42% were women. 42.6% had metabolic syndrome. Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high fasting blood sugar, high blood pressure (BP), increased waist circumference (WC), and high triglyceride were observed in decreasing order of frequency in 54.4%, 44.1%, 38.7%, 33.3% 28.9% of patients, respectively. The logistic regression model revealed significant associations between metabolic syndrome and physical activity (OR=0.85, 95% CI : 0.74-0.97), mood (OR=1.04, 95% CI : 1.002-1.078), age (OR=1.023, 95% CI : 1.001-1.046), and missed work (OR=0.86, 95% CI : 0.76-0.97). The linear regression model revealed significant associations between metabolic syndrome severity score and physical activity (B=-0.12, 95% CI : -0.21-0.02) and sleep quality (B=0.017, 95% CI : 0.001-0.033). Conclusion: Poorer sleep quality, lower physical activity, lower mood status, and older age were associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome/metabolic syndrome severity score in hemodialysis patients.

Association between Toothbrushing and Cancer Risk.

Background: Most cancers are lifestyle-related and are thus preventable. Lifestyle habits can be improved by individual efforts; for example, because oral health is suggested to play a preventive role in cancer risk, toothbrushing is considered a critical and fundamental measure for controlling oral health. This study aimed to investigate the association between toothbrushing and cancer risk. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey, a large-scale (n = 32,000) online survey conducted in 2022, were used. From September 12 to October 19, 2022, questionnaires were distributed to candidates selected by simple random sampling from a Japanese Internet research company's panelists to represent the Japanese population. The association between toothbrushing and cancer risk according to cancer prevalence was then analyzed. Results: Among all 32,000 participants, 2,495 (7.8%) who had any cancer previously were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between toothbrushing habit and cancer risk. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that daily toothbrushing is essential for maintaining oral health and preventing cancer.

The effects of lifestyle and behavioural interventions on cancer recurrence, overall survival and quality of life in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Lifestyle/behavioural interventions may improve breast cancer outcomes and quality of life (QoL); however, uncertainty remains about the most effective interventions due to limited evidence. This study aimed to assess and compare the effects of lifestyle/behavioural interventions on cancer recurrence, survival and QoL in breast cancer survivors. Electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EBM Reviews were searched for relevant literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing a lifestyle/behavioural intervention with a control condition in breast cancer survivors were included. Outcomes included cancer recurrence, overall survival and QoL. A network meta-analysis synthesized intervention effect. Studies not included in the analysis were reported narratively. Of 6251 identified articles, 38 studies met the selection criteria. Limited evidence exists on the impacts of lifestyle/behavioural interventions on breast cancer recurrence/survival. Exercise was identified as the most effective intervention in improving overall survival (HR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.36, 0.68). Lifestyle/behavioural interventions may improve QoL; psychosocial interventions (SMD 1.28, 95 % CI 0.80, 1.77) and aerobic-resistance exercise (SMD 0.33, 95 % CI -0.03, 0.69) were the most effective interventions to enhance QoL. This review highlights potential post-breast cancer benefits from lifestyle/behavioural interventions, notably exercise and psychosocial support for QoL and exercise for overall survival. Thus, encouraging active lifestyle, stress management and coping skills programs during and after cancer treatment may enhance physical wellbeing and QoL. However, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small number and sample sizes of studies. Future longer-term RCTs are required for conclusive recommendations.

The association between night shift work and osteoporosis risk in adults: A cross-sectional analysis using NHANES.

Purpose: Through this study, we assess whether night shift work increases the risk of osteoporosis, and explore the effects of age, gender, or lifestyle differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study included the collection of data from a sample of the US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) over a 7.3-year period (2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2017-March2020), including 4408 participants (2351[52.8%] men and 2057[47.2%] women), with an age range of 20-80 years. The primary variables, health status, nutrition, harmful lifestyle habits, and bone mineral density (BMD), were segregated, and analyzed according to different work schedules. Linear regression models were conducted to evaluate correlations of night shift work and T-scores. Associations between night shift work and osteoporosis were examined using logistic regression analyses. All regression models were stratified by gender and age ≥50 years. Osteoporosis was defined as BMD at the femoral neck or total spine equal to or less than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for youthful people of the same gender. All data were obtained using questionnaires and examinations collected in mobile examination center (MEC) from NHANES. Results: After multivariate adjustment, night shift work was related to statistically significant decreases of the total spine in T-scores of females aged ≥50 years. Furthermore, night shift work of the overall population (OR = 2.31 [95% CI, 1.03-5.18]; P = 0.043) and females aged ≥50 years (OR = 4.6 [95% CI, 1.21-17.54]; P = 0.025) was related to an increased prevalence of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Night shift work correlates with a higher risk of osteoporosis in the population of the US adults, with the combined effect of age, gender, and harmful lifestyle.

The effectiveness of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of diabetes and hyperglycaemia following gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: To synthesize the available evidence to better understand the effectiveness of interventions to prevent or delay hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) postnatally in women with current or previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: We searched five databases up to December 2020 for primary peer-reviewed articles reporting postpartum glycaemic outcomes in women with (previous) GDM following pharmacological or lifestyle intervention. Outcomes were relative risk of T2DM or continuous measures of glycaemia, change or at follow-up. A minimum of two studies evaluating the same intervention-outcome combination were needed to conduct meta-analyses, otherwise studies were described narratively. Meta-regression was used to evaluate whether associations varied by additional variables. We assessed risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. PROSPERO record CRD42018102380. RESULTS: We included 31 studies in the review with a total sample size of 8624 participants, and 26 studies in meta-analyses. Two-thirds of studies followed up participants at 1 year or less. Pharmacological interventions were associated with reduced risk of T2DM (0.80 [95% CI 0.64-1.00], n = 6 studies), as were lifestyle interventions albeit with a smaller effect size (0.88 [95% CI 0.76-1.01], n = 12 studies). Dietary and physical activity interventions were associated with a small reduction in fasting plasma glucose, particularly in longer interventions, but inconsistent effects were seen for other continuous outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Although possibly due to chance, interventions to reduce hyperglycaemia after GDM may be effective. Future research should improve understanding of how interventions affect glucose control and how to optimise interventions for this population.

Examining the association of breakfast skipping with sleep disturbance, mental health, and health-related quality of life: data from the 2018 Korean community health survey.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between breakfast skipping and its effects on sleep disorders, mental health, and health-related quality of life among Korean adults.Methods: Utilizing data from the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey, this cross-sectional analysis included 173,272 adults aged 19 years and older. Instruments used for assessment included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, the EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D) for health-related quality of life, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep disorders. The complex sample logistic regression analysis was employed to adjust for potential confounders.Results: Breakfast skipping was found to be significantly associated with delayed mid-sleep time, an increased propensity for daytime sleepiness, and a notable decline in sleep quality. Additionally, it was linked to a significant increase in depression risk, compromised health-related quality of life, and elevated stress levels across both genders. All five dimensions of the EQ-5D were negatively impacted by breakfast skipping.Discussion: The findings highlight the detrimental effects of skipping breakfast on sleep patterns, mental health, and overall quality of life, stressing the importance of regular breakfast consumption for enhancing these health outcomes. The study suggests the need for further research to uncover the mechanisms behind these associations and to devise targeted interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of breakfast skipping.

Exploring men's health in medium and high complexity care in Brazil: A deductive thematic analysis of social determinants.

Background: Men's health is influenced by a complex interplay of social, economic, and cultural determinants. Understanding how these aspects affect the health of adult cisgender men in medium and high-complexity healthcare settings is essential for improving healthcare services and promoting better health outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the health status of adult cisgender men in medium and high-complexity healthcare settings based on social determinants and conditioners. Methods: This study employed a qualitative design involving 45 adult cisgender men receiving care in medium/high complexity services in Bahia, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from July 2019 to February 2020, and data were interpreted based on Dahlgren and Whitehead's Model of Social Determinants of Health using deductive thematic analysis. Results: Proximal determinants included biological aspects, preventive behaviors, lifestyle/social life, and aging processes. Intermediate factors included work conditions, access/utilization of healthcare services/medications, and psychosocial factors. Macro determinants involved income distribution, power dynamics, resource allocation, health inequalities/iniquities, morbidity, culture, political decisions, environmental factors, and structural elements. Conclusion: The health status of men in medium/high complexity care was profoundly influenced by structural social determinants. These determinants impacted healthcare attention, service organization, cultural influences, the reproduction of hegemonic masculinity patterns, lifestyle, social support, and socioeconomic conditions necessary to realize the right to health. Nursing practices should conduct comprehensive assessments that extend beyond physical health indicators.