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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of severe respiratory disease in older adults. Understanding the disease burden is crucial for guiding vaccination policy and raising disease awareness. We estimated the burden of RSV hospitalizations and deaths in adults in five middle-income countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Malaysia. Hospital discharge and death statistics due to any respiratory disease (ICD-10 codes: J00-99) from 2010 to 2022 were obtained. The RSV attributable burden on hospitalizations and deaths by age group was determined for 2019 using previously published estimates. Latin American countries showed distinct annual peaks in respiratory-related hospitalizations and deaths during winter months that were absent in Malaysia. Among ≥20-year-olds in 2019, there were 14,604 RSV-attributable hospitalizations nationally in Argentina, 44,323 in Brazil, 4529 in Chile, 7416 in Malaysia, and 8651 in Mexico, and 60-74% in ≥65-year-olds. There were also 3518 RSV-attributable deaths in Argentina, 9115 in Brazil, 801 in Chile, 704 in Malaysia, and 3806 in Mexico 79-88% in ≥65-year-olds. Incidences of RSV-attributable hospitalizations in ≥75-year-olds ranged between 256.3 and 294.3 per 100,000 population, and deaths between 33.6 and 112.9 per 100,000 population. RSV is associated with a substantial disease burden beyond pediatric age groups, and preventive vaccines could have a major impact on this burden, especially in older adults.
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Aim: Determination of the most common shade of anterior teeth in Malaysian students of different ethnicities. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 subjects, 40 each from different ethnicities (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) aged 18-22 years were evaluated for tooth shade using the VITA Classical shade guide. The subject was asked to sit in an up-right position with teeth at the clinician's eye level and the subject was instructed to remove makeup or tinted eyewear which may affect the result. The procedure was done in natural daylight. The shade tabs were positioned adjacent to the maxillary central incisor and the middle 1/3rd of the facial surface was assessed by experts to determine the correct tooth shade. The data was statistically analysed. Results: The differences in tooth shade were seen among the subjects of different ethnicities. The Malay ethnicity has B1 (37%) as the most common tooth shade whereas Chinese has C1 (27%) and Indian C1 (40%). Conclusions: Under the limitation of the study, it was found that there is a relationship between tooth color and ethnic background. Malay students tend to have brighter teeth as compared to Chinese and Indian students.
Objetivo: Determinar el tono más común de los dientes anteriores en estudiantes malasios de diferentes etnias. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó el color de los dientes de un total de 120 sujetos, 40 de diferentes etnias (malayos, chinos e indios) de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 22 años, utilizando la guía de colores VITA Classical. Se pidió al sujeto que se sentara en posición vertical con los dientes al nivel de los ojos del médico y se le indicó que se quitara el maquillaje o las gafas teñidas, lo que podría afectar el resultado. El procedimiento se realizó con luz natural. Las pestañas de color se colocaron adyacentes al incisivo central superior y expertos evaluaron el tercio medio de la superficie facial para determinar el tono correcto del diente. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias en el color de los dientes entre los sujetos de diferentes etnias. La etnia malaya tiene el B1 (37%) como el color de dientes más común, mientras que los chinos tienen el C1 (27%) y los indios C1 (40%). Conclusión: Bajo las limitaciones del estudio, se encontró que existe una relación entre el color de los dientes y el origen étnico. Los estudiantes malayos tienden a tener dientes más brillantes en comparación con los estudiantes chinos e indios.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Etnicidade , Colorimetria , Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Malásia/etnologiaRESUMO
Aim: Variation in dental structures is widely accepted as a combination of multiple factors such as gender, environmental effects and genetics. However, the characterization of similarities and differences in dental morphology has been lacking in relation to the factors mentioned. This study aims to assess and compare the variations in traits in mandibular molars and the influence of gender and ethnicity in affecting these traits amongst the Malaysian population of Mongoloid ancestry. Materials and Methods: Our study population was 180 dental casts of patients, from 15 to 40 years old, comprising 56 Malays and 124 Chinese; 60 were males and 120 were females. Traits like groove pattern, number of cusps, protostylids and deflecting wrinkles were observed, scored, and recorded. Results: This study revealed that the most common mandibular first molar (M1) was characterized by 5 cusps and displayed 'Y' groove pattern, while the most common mandibular second molar (M2) had 4 cusps and exhibited a groove pattern that resembled a '+'. Notably, all the traits studied were bilaterally symmetrical, except for the groove pattern of M1, while sexual dimorphism was observed in groove patterns of M2. Conclusions: This study found that M1 had a preponderance of 5 cusps with 'Y' groove pattern, while M2 were typically 4-cusped with '+' groove pattern.
Objetivo: La variación en las estructuras dentales es ampliamente aceptada como el resultado de una combinación de múltiples factores como el género, los efectos ambientales y la genética. Sin embargo, ha faltado la caracterización de similitudes y diferencias en la morfología dental en relación a los factores mencionados. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar y comparar las variaciones en los rasgos de los molares mandibulares y la influencia del género y la etnia al afectar estos rasgos entre la población malaya de ascendencia mongoloide. Materiales y Métodos: Nuestra población de estudio fue de 180 modelos dentales de pacientes, de 15 a 40 años,conformados por 56 malayos y 124 chinos; 60 eran hombres y 120 eran mujeres. Se observaron, puntuaron y registraron rasgos como el patrón de surcos, el número de cúspides, los protostílidos y las arrugas desviadas. Resultados: Este estudio reveló que el primer molar mandibular más común (M1) se caracterizaba por 5 cúspides y mostraba un patrón de ranura en 'Y', mientras que el segundo molar mandibular más común (M2) tenía 4 cúspides y exhibía un patrón de ranura que se parecía a un ' +'. En particular, todos los rasgos estudiados eran bilateralmente simétricos, excepto el patrón de surco de M1, mientras que se observó dimorfismo sexual en los patrones de surco de M2. Conclusión: Este estudio encontró que M1 tenía una preponderancia de 5 cúspides con un patrón de ranura en 'Y', mientras que M2 tenía típicamente 4 cúspides con un patrón de ranura '+'.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Dente Molar/anatomia & histologia , Etnicidade , Malásia/etnologia , MandíbulaRESUMO
Ixora chinensis (family Rubiaceae), locally known as 'Bunga Jejarum', is widely grown as an ornamental shrub and as sources for phytochemicals with medicinal properties in Malaysia. In May 2021, irregular brown spots were found on the leaves of some 'Bunga Jejarum' in Universiti Malaysia Sabah (6°02'01.0"N 116°07'20.2"E) located in Sabah province. As the disease progressed, the spots enlarged and coalesced into large necrotic areas giving rise to drying of infected leaves. The disease severity was about 70% with 20% incidence. Five symptomatic leaves (5 x 5 mm) from five plants were excised and sterilized based on Khoo et al. (2022) before plated on five potato dextrose agar (PDA) and cultured at 25°C. After 5 days, white to pale honey and dense mycelia with lobate edge were observed on all PDA plates. Globose, black conidiomata semi-immersed on PDA were observed after a week. Two to four hyaline filamentous appendages 7.7 to 17.6 µm long attached to fusoid conidia (11.8 to 20.9 x 5.7 to 7.6 µm, n = 20), which consisted of a hyaline apical cell, basal cell, and three versicolored median cells. The upper two median cells were dark brown, while the lowest median cell was pale brown. The isolate of the causal pathogen was characterized molecularly. Genomic DNA of isolate UMS01 was extracted based on Khoo et al. (2021) and Khoo et al. (2022). Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), tubulin (TUB) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) region was performed based on Khoo et al. (2022) using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), T1/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson, 1995; O'Donnell and Cigelnik, 1997) and EF1-728/EF2 (O'Donnell et al. 1998; Carbone and Kohn, 1999), respectively. PCR products with positive amplicons were sent to Apical Scientific Sdn. Bhd. for sequencing. The isolate's sequences were deposited in GenBank as OM320626 (ITS), OM339539 (TUB) and OM339540 (TEF). They were 99% to 100% identical to ITS(KM199347) (545 out of 545 bp), TUB (KM199438) (768 out of 769 bp) and TEF (KM199521) (480 out of 481 bp) of the type sequences (CBS 600.96). Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method based on the combined ITS, TEF and TUB sequences placed the isolate UMS01 in the same clade as the isolate CBS 600.96 of Neopestalotiopsis cubana. Thus, the pathogen was identified as N. cubanabased on the morphological description from Pornsuriya et al. (2020), molecular data in Genbank database and multigene sequence analysis. To further confirm its pathogenicity, the first and second leaves of three 'Bunga Jejarum' plants were inoculated by pipetting 1 ml aliquots of a 1 × 106 conidia/ml spore suspension. Three additional 'Bunga Jejarum' plants were mock inoculated by pipetting 1 ml of sterile distilled water on similar age leaves. The plants were covered with plastic bags after inoculation for 48 h before placing them in a glasshouse under room temperature. The leaves were sprayed with water to keep the leaf surfaces moist along the experiment. The incubation and disease observation were performed based on Chai et al. (2017) and Iftikhar et al. (2022). After 7 days post-inoculation, all infected leaves exhibited the symptoms observed in the field, whereas the controls showed no symptoms. The same fungus was isolated from the diseased leaves and, thus confirmed Koch's postulates. The experiment was repeated two more times. The reisolated fungi were visually and genetically identical to the original isolate obtained from the field samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. cubana causing leaf blight on 'Bunga Jejarum' in Malaysia, as well as the world. Our finding has broadened the distribution and host range of N. cubana, indicating that it poses potential damage to the medicinal plant Bunga Jejarum in Malaysia.
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Despite the wide-ranging studies on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), firm performance, and Organizational Leadership (OL), there have been only a few studies examining the inter-relationship between them. Accordingly, this investigation has tried to investigate how OL contributes to the firm's performance through the CSR strategies. It has an internal orientation to CSR motivations compared to the existing studies that mostly considered the external factors in implementing of CSR in firms; also, it has a comprehensive view toward the firm's performance by considering both financial and non-financial aspects of performance. It could be said that this study has tried to answer the question of whether or not CSR can be as a mediator between the OL and firm performance. Data collection was performed from 285 manufacturing and consumer products firms located in Malaysia during the four-month period of June-September of 2020. AMOS Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS-SEM) method was applied to analyze the model. Following the Baron and Kenny approach in testing the hypotheses, it was found that the relationships of OL and financial performance, as well as OL and non-financial performance were partially mediated by CSR. In addition, the non-financial performance was found as a full mediator between the OL and financial performance. Further, the results revealed two full mediated relationships in this way that non-financial performance was a full mediator variable between CSR and financial performance, as well as CSR and non-financial performance which were found as two multiple full mediators between OL and financial performance. The results help Malaysian managers to understand their current status, capabilities, strong points and weaknesses in leadership regarding to CSR. Moreover, due to the positive effects of CSR on both firm's financial and non-financial performance, CSR is recommended to be integrated in leadership style and the organizational strategies in order to having better performance.
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Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato is currently recognized as a species complex with only Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto, Sporothrix globosa and Sporothrix pallida identified to cause disease in the cat. Feline sporotrichosis in Asia is mainly reported from Malaysia where a single clonal strain of clinical clade D, Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto manifesting low susceptibility to major antifungal classes, has been identified as the agent of the disease. Sporothrix globosa has been identified to cause disease from a single cat in Japan while the specific species of agent has not been identified yet for the disease in Thailand. Despite efforts to elucidate and describe the pathogenicity of the agent and the disease it causes, the paucity of data highlights the need for further molecular epidemiological studies to characterize this fungus and the disease it causes in Asia. Its prognosis remains guarded to poor due to issues pertaining to cost, protracted treatment course, zoonotic potential and low susceptibility of some strains to antifungals.
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Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Sporothrix/fisiologia , Esporotricose/microbiologia , Animais , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Ásia , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Gatos , Sporothrix/classificação , Sporothrix/efeitos dos fármacos , Sporothrix/genética , Esporotricose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Species of fungi belonging to the order Mucorales can be found everywhere in the environment. Gilbertella persicaria, which belongs to this order, have often been isolated from fruits and in water systems. However, there has been no report of isolation of this fungus from human samples. During a gut mycobiome study, from the Segamat community, Gilbertella persicaria was isolated from a human fecal sample and was characterized through a series of morphological assessment, biochemical tests, and molecular techniques. The isolate produced a white velvety surface that turned grayish after 24 h. Although no biofilm production was observed, the results indicated that the isolate could form calcium oxalate crystals, produced urease, and was resistant to low pH. The isolate was sensitive to amphotericin but resistant to voriconazole and itraconazole. The features of this fungus that could help in its survival in the human gut are also discussed.
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Fezes/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Mucorales/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Oxalato de Cálcio/metabolismo , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Genoma Fúngico , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Masculino , Urease/biossínteseRESUMO
Abstract Objective Use of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) has increased significantly since its publication. Although the validity of the SCARED is well established, most of the samples investigated primarily comprised Caucasian children and, where available, people from Asian cultures such as China. Furthermore, the instrument's utility for screening use in community samples has yet to be validated, although it is commonly advocated for this use. The present study addressed the psychometric properties of the SCARED in a community sample of Malaysian children and adolescents. Method A total of 386 participants from an urban area, aged between 8 and 17, completed the 41-item SCARED. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to investigate the factor structure of the SCARED. Results Internal consistency ratings for the SCARED's total and subscale scores were good, except for School Avoidance. The validity of the SCARED was further demonstrated through a significant correlation with the Internalizing subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). In contrast with the five-factor structure proposed for primarily Caucasian samples, factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure for this Malaysian sample. Conclusions These research findings support the validity of the SCARED and its utility as a screening tool in a community sample of Malaysian children and adolescents.
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Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Psicometria/normas , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , MalásiaRESUMO
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the pathogenic helical spirochetes, Leptospira. Symptoms include sudden-onset fever, severe headaches, muscle pain, nausea and chills. Leptospirosis is endemic in developing countries such as Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, and Brazil where thousands of cases are reported annually. The disease risk factors include the high population of reservoirs, environmental factors, recreational factors, and occupational factors. To end the endemicity of leptospirosis, these factors need to be tackled. The management of leptospirosis needs to be refined. Early diagnosis remains a challenge due to a lack of clinical suspicion among physicians, its non-specific symptoms and a limited availability of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into the status of leptospirosis in developing countries focusing on the risk factors and to propose methods for the improved management of the disease.
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Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/prevenção & controle , Malásia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Sri Lanka/epidemiologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
Abstract A cryopreservation protocol was developed for in vitro shoot tips of Garcinia hombroniana using the vitrification technique. Four critical steps in the technique were investigated, namely preculture, loading, dehydration with Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2), and unloading. Shoot tips precultured for 48 h gave significantly higher survival (75 %) compared to 24 h preculture (50 %) after cryopreservation. Treatment with 1 M glycerol plus 0.4 M sucrose as a loading solution gave higher survival (45.83 %) compared to the other treatments (0.4 M sucrose + 2 M glycerol; 0.4 M sucrose). Shoot tips dehydrated with PVS2 for 25 min gave the highest survival after immersion in liquid nitrogen. Stepwise PVS2 treatment for 15 min with 50 % PVS2 followed by 10 min with 100 % PVS2 solution improved survival of the shoot tips after cryopreservation (41.67 %). Murashige and Skoog medium with 0.4 M sucrose gave significantly higher survival (66.67 %) than MS with 1.2 M sucrose (25 %) as an unloading solution. Water content was shown to decrease throughout the whole vitrification steps from 6.83 ± 1.66 g g-1 dw for fresh shoot tips down to 2.93 ± 0.28 g g-1 dw after PVS2 treatment. Further study on each step including recovery medium is required to improve the survival. Nevertheless, the present study showed the potential of using the vitrification technique for cryopreservation of G. hombroniana. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1314-1323. Epub 2018 September 01.
Resumen Se desarrolló un protocolo de crioconservación in vitro para ápices caulinares de Garcinia hombroniana mediante la técnica de vitrificación, con cuatro etapas críticas: precultivo, carga de crioprotector, deshidratación con solución de vitrificación vegetal 2 (PVS2), y descarga. Ápices precultivados por 48 h sobrevivieron más (75 %) que los de 24 h (50 %) después de la crioconservación. El tratamiento con glicerol 1 M más sacarosa 0.4 M como solución de carga permitió mayor sobrevivencia (45.83 %) que los otros tratamientos (sacarosa 0.4 M + glicerol 2 M; sacarosa 0.4 M). Los ápices deshidratados con PVS2 por 25 min registraron la mayor sobrevivencia tras inmersión en nitrógeno líquido. El tratamiento gradual por 15 min con solución de PVS2 al 50 %, seguido por 10 min al 100 %, mejoró la sobrevivencia de ápices tras la crioconservación (41.67 %). El medio Murashige-Skoog (MS) con sacarosa 0.4 M produjo una sobrevivencia significativamente mayor (66.67 %) que MS con sacarosa 1.2 M (25 %) como solución de descarga. El contenido de agua disminuyó a lo largo del proceso de vitrificación desde 6.83 ± 1.66 g g-1 peso seco, en ápices frescos, hasta 2.93 ± 0.28 g g-1 peso seco después del tratamiento con PVS2. Se requiere de más investigación sobre cada etapa, incluyendo el medio de recuperación, para mejorar la tasa de sobrevivencia. Sin embargo, este estudio muestra el potencial de la vitrificación para la crioconservación de G. hombroniana.
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Criopreservação/instrumentação , Garcinia , Vitrificação , Plantas , Sacarose/uso terapêutico , Glicerol/uso terapêutico , Malásia , Nitrogênio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Product efficacy testing during 2006 to 2010 with SBAJA (a novel scientifically formulated foliar-spray growth and yield enhancer) in the greenhouse and multi-location field trials registered measurable increase in chlorophyll contents, robust and healthier crop growth and increased yield and biomass production. In field trial, rice plants receiving normal NPK fertilizer at the rates of 100:50:30 served as control and spray treated with SBAJA at 40 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). All the experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design and replicated five times. Tiller number and panicle characteristics; length, weight, number of grains, number of filled grains were significantly increased with 1:300 SBAJA treatment. In addition, 1000 grain weight and rice yield increased significantly with SBAJA treatments. Normal fertilizer applications in field trials augmented with SBAJA in 2008-2010 in the Selangor North West Project (SNWP), registered measurable increase in rice yields by 25-30% from 6.2 - 6.5 tons/ha to 7.8 - 8.9 tons/ha. It is concluded that foliar spraying with SBAJA at 40 and 60 days after sowing increased growth and yield of rice under green house and field conditions.
Os testes de eficácia do produto durante 2006 a 2010 com SBAJA (um novo spray foliar cientificamente formulado) em estufa e ensaios de campo em várias localizações registraram aumento mensurável nos teores de clorofila, crescimento robusto e mais saudável das culturas e aumento do rendimento e da produção de biomassa. No ensaio de campo, plantas de arroz recebendo adubo NPK normal nas doses de 100:50:30 serviram como controle e foram tratadas com SBAJA aos 40 e 60 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Todos os experimentos foram dispostos no formato Randomized Complete Block (RCB) e replicados cinco vezes. Número de perfilhos e características da panícula; comprimento, peso, número de grãos, número de grãos preenchidos foram significativamente aumentados com o tratamento com 1:300 SBAJA. Além disso, o peso de 1000 grãos e o rendimento de arroz aumentaram significativamente com os tratamentos da SBAJA. Aplicações normais de fertilizantes em testes de campo aumentados com a SBAJA em 2008-2010 no Projeto Selangor North West (SNWP), registraram aumento mensurável na produção de arroz de 25-30% de 6,2 a 6,5 toneladas/ha para 7,8 a 8,9 toneladas/ha. Conclui-se que a pulverização foliar com SBAJA aos 40 e 60 dias após a semeadura aumentou o crescimento e o rendimento do arroz em estufa e em campo.
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Oryza , Produção Agrícola , ClorofilaRESUMO
ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate utilization patterns and clinical outcome of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy among pediatric patients in a tertiary hospital. Demographic data, IVIG prescribed, and clinical outcome were retrospectively reviewed from the pharmacy dispensing data and patient medical records between 2007 and 2014. One hundred and fifteen instances of IVIG administration to 108 pediatric patients were recorded. A total of 61 cases (53%) and 54 cases (47%) of the IVIG administered were for labeled and off-labeled indications, respectively. Age, weight, specialty, total IVIG usage, length of hospital stays, and mortality rate were found to be significantly associated with the indication being labeled or off-labeled (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in terms of adverse reactions between labeled and off-labeled indications (p>0.05). Guidelines should be developed and implemented for rational and evidence-based use of IVIG to avoid unnecessary wastage.
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Terapêutica/instrumentação , Saúde da Criança , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/análise , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administração & dosagem , Uso Off-LabelRESUMO
The incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) is rising worldwide and its prevalence is one of the main health concerns that affect overall men well-being in Malaysia. The cluster of demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors may have contributed to the severity of ED and changes in biomarkers level; nevertheless these have not been studied extensively. This cross sectional study involved a total of 276 patients with 138 was diagnosed with ED. The demographic, clinical, lifestyle factors and severity of ED were assessed using a set of questionnaire and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Meanwhile, Total Testosterone (TT) and Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Binary logistic regression test was used to demonstrate the predictors of severity of ED, TT and ADMA levels. Significant predictors for worsening of severity of ED are self-employed [10.55 (0.43 - 257.06), p=0.004], pensioner [8.07 (0.19 - 352.45), p=0.026], non-government employee [1.16 (0.05 - 26.26), p=0.04] and TT [0.41 (0.25 - 0.69), p=0.001]. Nevertheless, pensioner [0.08 (0.01 - 0.87), p=0.038] and unemployed [0.04 (0.01 - 0.42), p=0.007], were the predictors that may influence the changes of TT levels. On the other hand, academic qualification (secondary) [4.51 (0.48 - 42.83), p=0.014] and intensity of physical activities (< 1 hour/day) [2.61 (0.65 - 10.48), p=0.008] were the predictors which were more likely to influence the changes of ADMA levels in ED patients. TT and ADMA levels were influenced by demographic and lifestyle factors whilst severity of ED was predicted by demographic and clinical factors in Malaysian ED population. These predictors may provide new knowledge on risk factors of severity of ED and help in management of ED. Thus, the predictive models could serve as a primary guidance to physicians to ensure ED being managed and treated more effectively.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Disfunção Erétil/prevenção & controle , Malásia/etnologia , Demografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde do Homem/etnologia , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
Ameloblastomas are jaw tumors that are locally aggressive with a high capacity for recurrence. It arises from the epithelium of the dental lamina. Radiograph remains the first and an essential investigation, despite the development of various cross-sectional imaging modalities. Aim: This article intends to describe the clinical findings and orthopantomograph (OPG) supported by computed tomography scan (CT scan) and MRI of four cases of ameloblastomas in the hospital University Sains Malaysia. Materials and methods: Data concerning the patients' ages, sex, tumor locations, and surgical treatment history, as well as the radiographic findings, were analysed. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 23 to 41 years (mean, 30.5 years). The gender of patients were two male (50%) and 2 (50%) females. Three cases (75%) of ameloblastomas located in the mandible and only one case found in the maxilla. The swelling was the most common symptom and experienced by all patients. Radiographically, two cases were unilocular with a well-demarcated border, and the remaining 2 cases were multilocular. Typical features of unicystic ameloblastoma appeared in case 1. This case previously presented with a lesion in the same area diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst. The other 3 cases showed variant types of ameloblastoma. These were Plexiform, Acanthomatous and Granular cell type; follicular and plexiform type; and follicular and plexiform type in case 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Conclusion: In conclusions, determination the location and density of jaws lesion and its margin relation to the tooth using radiological tool accompanied with clinical data, aids in the narrowing of the differential diagnosis and it is necessary for early diagnosis of ameloblastoma. A Long-term follow-up at regular intervals after surgery is recommended for all ameloblastomas cases
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ameloblastoma , Mandíbula , RadiografiaRESUMO
Abstract The risk of having microvascular complication is high among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, factors associated with the glycemic control and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in T2DM patients is limited. This study aims to determine association between anti-diabetic agents, glycemic control and progression of diabetic retinopathy in a Malaysian population. A retrospective study conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia, from January 2009 until March 2014. This study enrolled 104 patients aged 40-84 years, with a mean age 63.12 ± 9.18 years. patients had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR, 77%) and 35% had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Diabetic macula edema (DME) was present in 20% of NPDR patients, compared with 7% in PDR. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (p=0.012), age (p=0.014) and number of antidiabetic agents used (p=0.015) were significantly associated with stages of diabetic retinopathy. Family history of T2DM (p=0.039) was associated with DME. Identifying factors influencing the progression of diabetic retinopathy may aid in optimizing the therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic agents in T2DM patients.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico , Índice Glicêmico , Malásia/etnologiaRESUMO
The effects of two feeding management methods (substrate spreading and feeding tray) were tested for Macrobrachium rosenbergii, evaluating their influence on behavior in mixed (Mi), monosex all-male (Mm) and monosex all-female (Mf) populations. Twelve experimental conditions, totaling 192 animals, with four repetitions each, were performed. Experimental units comprised eight 250-L aquariums (50 x 50 x 100 cm) with soft sand substrate. Behavioral data were collected by focal instantaneous sampling method. Substrate spreading triggered the most extensive behavioral level in all populations under analysis, featuring exploring, autogrooming, crawling, inactivity, burrowing, agonism, swimming and feed ingestion, and revealed that the animals expressed better their behavior when feed was spread. Exceptionally, burrowing in Mm and agonism in Mf had similar level rates for the two feeding managements. Mf had the highest agonistic level when compared to that in Mm and Mi. Data in current analysis indicate that the spread feeding strategy favors animal welfare in all types of population compositions, except in Mf culture, with high agonistic levels in both forms of feeding management.(AU)
Foram avaliados os efeitos de dois métodos de alimentação (a lanço e em comedouros) e sua influência no comportamento de populações mistas (Mi), monossexo fêmea (Mf) e monossexo macho (Mm) de Macrobrachium rosenbergii, nas fases clara e escura do dia. Foram analisadas 12 condições experimentais, com quarto repetições cada, totalizando 192 animais observados. As unidades experimentais consistiram em 8 aquarios (250 L; 50 x 50 x 100 cm) com substrato de areia fina. Dados comportamentais foram coletados usando método de amostragem focal instantâneo. A oferta a lanço, em todas as composições populacionais, induziu a maiores níveis dos comportamentos de exploração, limpeza, enterramento, inatividade, entocamento, agonismo, natação e ingestão do alimento, indicando que os animais encontraram mais oportunidades para expressão de seus comportamentos com o espalhamento da ração. Como exceção, o comportamento de entocamento em Mm e agonismo em Mf foram semelhantes para ambos tipos de manejo alimentar. O cultivo Mf apresentou maiores níveis de agonismo que Mm e Mi. Nesse estudo, os resultados indicam que, em todos os tipos de composição populacional, a alimentação a lanço favoreceu o bem-estar estar animal, exceto para o cultivo Mf, o qual apresentou altos níveis de agonismo em ambas as formas da estratégia alimentar. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Palaemonidae , Comportamento Alimentar , Ração Animal , Comportamento Animal , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
The effects of two feeding management methods (substrate spreading and feeding tray) were tested for Macrobrachium rosenbergii, evaluating their influence on behavior in mixed (Mi), monosex all-male (Mm) and monosex all-female (Mf) populations. Twelve experimental conditions, totaling 192 animals, with four repetitions each, were performed. Experimental units comprised eight 250-L aquariums (50 x 50 x 100 cm) with soft sand substrate. Behavioral data were collected by focal instantaneous sampling method. Substrate spreading triggered the most extensive behavioral level in all populations under analysis, featuring exploring, autogrooming, crawling, inactivity, burrowing, agonism, swimming and feed ingestion, and revealed that the animals expressed better their behavior when feed was spread. Exceptionally, burrowing in Mm and agonism in Mf had similar level rates for the two feeding managements. Mf had the highest agonistic level when compared to that in Mm and Mi. Data in current analysis indicate that the spread feeding strategy favors animal welfare in all types of population compositions, except in Mf culture, with high agonistic levels in both forms of feeding management.
Foram avaliados os efeitos de dois métodos de alimentação (a lanço e em comedouros) e sua influência no comportamento de populações mistas (Mi), monossexo fêmea (Mf) e monossexo macho (Mm) de Macrobrachium rosenbergii, nas fases clara e escura do dia. Foram analisadas 12 condições experimentais, com quarto repetições cada, totalizando 192 animais observados. As unidades experimentais consistiram em 8 aquarios (250 L; 50 x 50 x 100 cm) com substrato de areia fina. Dados comportamentais foram coletados usando método de amostragem focal instantâneo. A oferta a lanço, em todas as composições populacionais, induziu a maiores níveis dos comportamentos de exploração, limpeza, enterramento, inatividade, entocamento, agonismo, natação e ingestão do alimento, indicando que os animais encontraram mais oportunidades para expressão de seus comportamentos com o espalhamento da ração. Como exceção, o comportamento de entocamento em Mm e agonismo em Mf foram semelhantes para ambos tipos de manejo alimentar. O cultivo Mf apresentou maiores níveis de agonismo que Mm e Mi. Nesse estudo, os resultados indicam que, em todos os tipos de composição populacional, a alimentação a lanço favoreceu o bem-estar estar animal, exceto para o cultivo Mf, o qual apresentou altos níveis de agonismo em ambas as formas da estratégia alimentar.
Assuntos
Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Palaemonidae , Ração Animal , Comportamento Animal , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
The Neotropical longhorned beetle tribe Hemilophini has been reviewed by Martins & Galileo (2014a, b) and currently contains 542 species (Monné 2017). Some of the most conspicuous longhorned beetle taxa are found in this tribe, for example species with a pair of cephalic horns (Phoebe Audinet-Serville, 1835), or others that strongly resemble to noxious Lycidae (Coleoptera) (e.g. Apeba Martins & Galileo, 1991, Calocosmus Chevrolat, 1862, or Lycidola Thomson, 1864) (see Lingafelter 2013; Martins & Galileo 2014a, b).
Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , BolíviaRESUMO
ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an escalating medical and socioeconomic problem worldwide. Information concerning the causes of CKD, which is a prerequisite for reducing the disease burden, is sparse in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the attributable causes of CKD in an adult population at a tertiary referral hospital. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). METHODS: This was an analysis based on medical records of adult patients at HUSM. Data regarding demographics, laboratory investigations, attributable causes and CKD stage were gathered. RESULTS: A total of 851 eligible cases were included. The patients' mean age was 61.18 ± 13.37 years. CKD stage V was found in 333 cases (39.1%) whereas stages IV, IIIb, IIIa, and II were seen in 240 (28.2%), 186 (21.9%), 74 (8.7%) and 18 (2.1%), respectively. The percentage of CKD stage V patients receiving renal replacement therapy was 15.6%. The foremost attributable causes of CKD were diabetic nephropathy (DN) (44.9%), hypertension (HPT) (24.2%) and obstructive uropathy (9.2%). The difference in the prevalence of CKD due to DN, HPT and glomerulonephritis between patients ≤ 50 and > 50 years old was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that DN and HPT are the major attributable causes of CKD among patients at a Malaysian tertiary-care hospital. Furthermore, the results draw attention to the possibility that greater emphasis on primary prevention of diabetes and hypertension will have a great impact on reduction of hospital admissions due to CKD in Malaysia.
RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Doença renal crônica (DRC) é um problema médico e socioeconômico crescente. As informações relativas às causas da DRC são pré-requisito para reduzir a carga da doença, e são escassas na Malásia. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as causas atribuíveis à DRC na população adulta de um hospital de referência terciária. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). MÉTODOS: Análise de prontuários de pacientes adultos de HUSM. Foram obtidos dados demográficos, exames laboratoriais, causas atribuíveis e estágio da DRC. RESULTADOS: Um total de 851 casos elegíveis foi incluído. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 61,18 ± 13,37 anos. DRC fase V foi contabilizada em 333 casos (39,1%), enquanto casos de estágio IV, IIIb, IIIa e II foram 240 (28,2%), 186 (21,9%), 74 (8,7%) e 18 (2,1%), respectivamente. A porcentagem de pacientes com DRC estágio V recebendo a terapia de substituição renal foi 15,6%. As causas atribuíveis mais importantes da DRC foram nefropatia diabética (ND) (44,9%), hipertensão (24,2%) e uropatia obstrutiva (9,2%). A diferença na prevalência da DRC devido à ND, hipertensão e glomerulonefrite entre pacientes ≤ 50 anos e > 50 anos de idade foi estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados sugerem que a ND e a hipertensão são as principais causas atribuíveis da DRC em pacientes sob cuidados terciários na Malásia. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de maior ênfase na prevenção primária da diabetes e hipertensão como impactante na redução das internações hospitalares devidas a DRC na Malásia.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Nefropatias Diabéticas/complicações , Nefropatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Malásia/epidemiologia , Prontuários Médicos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Obstrução Ureteral/complicações , Obstrução Ureteral/epidemiologiaRESUMO
At the combined American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Annual Meeting/World Apheresis Association (WAA) Congress in San Francisco, California, in April of 2014, the opening session highlighted the status of apheresis outside of the United States. The organizers invited physicians active in apheresis in countries not usually represented at such international gatherings to give them a forum to share their experiences, challenges, and expectations in their respective countries with regard to both donor and therapeutic apheresis. Apheresis technology is expensive as well as technically and medically demanding, and low and median income countries have different experiences to share with the rest of the world. Apheresis procedures also require resources taken for granted in the developed world, such as reliable electrical power, that can be unpredictable in parts of the developing world. On the other hand, it was obvious that there are significant disparities in access to apheresis within the same country (such as in Brazil), as well as between neighboring nations in Africa and South America. A common trend in the presentations from Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, and South Africa, was the need for more and better physicians and practitioners' training in the indications of the various apheresis modalities and patient oversight during the procedures. As ASFA and WAA continue to work together, and globalization allows for increased knowledge-sharing, improved access to apheresis procedures performed by qualified personnel with safety and high-quality standards will be increasingly available.