Video-assisted thoracoscopic iodopovidone pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions in moderate to high-risk Colombian patients.

Introduction: In developing countries where talc may not be readily available, video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) iodopovidone pleurodesis offers an excellent alternative for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Methods: This study analyzes a retrospective experience using VATS iodopovidone pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions at a single cardiothoracic center in the capital of Colombia evaluating success according to LENT (Lactate, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-ECOG, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio, Tumor type) scores. A total of 75 records of patients taken to VATS iodopovidone pleurodesis for MPEs were retrieved from our institutional database during a 5-year period from 2014-2019. Of these, 45 had complete clinical history data necessary to analyze both LENT scores and post-op follow-up imaging. Results: Of the 45 patients evaluated, 93.3% (42 patients) had either complete resolution of pleural effusions or partial resolution with an asymptomatic recovery within the first month post op. Chest pain was the most common postoperative complaint, which was present in 20% of patients. The mean postoperative ECOG score was 2±1.7. Patients with moderate to high-risk LENT scores had success rates of 96.7% and 92.3% respectively. Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic pleurodesis using Iodopovidone-iodine is an effective approach for MPEs. In developing countries where Iodopovidone iodine is readily available and affordable, patients may benefit from this agent with excellent results and minimal complications.

Pleurodesis en derrame pleural maligno / Pleurodesis in maliagnant pleural effusions

Tradicionalmente, la pleurodesis se ha empleado en enfermos con neoplasias malignas confirmadas y esperanza razonable de sobrevida, complicados con derrame pleural recurrente de más de la mitad del hemitórax, con disnea que mejora con la evacuación del líquido, un pulmón que puede expandirse hasta la pared torácica y la expectativa de un periodo de sobrevida razonable. La evacuación del líquido y la inducción de esclerosis pleural se puede intentar en la cama del enfermo, o en el cubículo de urgencias con un catéter fino o una sonda de mayor diámetro, en una sala de procedimientos por toracoscopía de un acceso con anestesia local y sedación, o bien, en un quirófano con anestesia general por videotoracoscopía, introduciendo sustancias esclerosantes y/o realizando diversos tipos de abrasión sobre las pleuras parietal y visceral. Se propone el empleo de pleurodesis cerrada de primera intención con un catéter pleural o vascular que sirve para evacuar todo el líquido e introducir el agente esclerosante, en enfermos con neoplasias malignas que cursen con derrame pleural de más de la mitad del hemitórax, con disnea o sin ella, y esperanza razonable de sobrevida; según el caso particular, el catéter se puede extraer, previo control radiográfico, dejarlo para repetir la pleurodesis varios días y luego retirarlo o, si falla la pleurodesis, dejarlo in situ para drenar el tórax con una jeringa cada vez que sea necesario, sin preocuparse ya por buscar la pleurodesis en estos enfermos afectados por una neoplasia terminal, y que desean vivir sin disnea los días que les quedan de vida; el procedimiento no es oneroso, se realiza sin necesidad de hospitalización, no requiere sonda torácica ni drenaje pleural y es efectivo en el 90% de los enfermos. El consenso de la información actual no aconseja la pleurectomfa parietal como procedimiento de elección.

Traditionally, pleurodesis has been attempted in patients with confirmed malignant tumors with recurring pleural effusions of more than half the size of the hemithorax, dyspnea that is relieved by evacuation of the fluid, a lung able to reach the chest wall and the expectation of a reasonably long survival period. Pleurodesis can be done at the bedside, the emergency room, in a procedure room by medical thoracoscopy under local anesthesia and sedation, or in the operating room by VATS under general anesthesia, introducing an sclerosing agent and/or producing pleural abrasion by different means. We propose "first contact closed pleurodesis " for patients with an unequivocal diagnosis of malignancy, a pleural effusion of more than half the size of the hemithorax, even if asymptomatic, and the expectation of a reasonably long survival period, using a vascular or pleural catheter to drain the fluid and introduce the sclerosing substance; depending on the chest x-ray, the catheter can be pulled out, left in situ to repeat the introduction of the sclerosing agent or, if this fails, to drain the fluid as often as necessary with a sterile syringe, ignoring the goal to achieve pleurodesis; the procedure is effective in over 90% of cases and non-expensive, can be done on an outpatient basis and does not require a chest tube nor a pleural drainage system. Present day consensus does not support parietal pleurectomy as an elective choice for these patients.