Influence of High-Temperature and Intense Light on the Enzymatic Antioxidant System in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Plantlets.

Environmental stressors such as high temperature and intense light have been shown to have negative effects on plant growth and productivity. To survive in such conditions, plants activate several stress response mechanisms. The synergistic effect of high-temperature and intense light stress has a significant impact on ginger, leading to reduced ginger production. Nevertheless, how ginger responds to this type of stress is not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the phenotypic changes, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and the response of four vital enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipoxygenase (LOX), and nitrate reductase (NR)) in ginger plants subjected to high-temperature and intense light stress. The findings of this study indicate that ginger is vulnerable to high temperature and intense light stress. This is evident from the noticeable curling, yellowing, and wilting of ginger leaves, as well as a decrease in chlorophyll index and an increase in MDA content. Our investigation confirms that ginger plants activate multiple stress response pathways, including the SOD and CAT antioxidant defenses, and adjust their response over time by switching to different pathways. Additionally, we observe that the expression levels of genes involved in different stress response pathways, such as SOD, CAT, LOX, and NR, are differently regulated under stress conditions. These findings offer avenues to explore the stress mechanisms of ginger in response to high temperature and intense light. They also provide interesting information for the choice of genetic material to use in breeding programs for obtaining ginger genotypes capable of withstanding high temperatures and intense light stress.

Combination of calcium lactate impregnation with UV-C irradiation maintains quality and improves antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut kiwifruit slices.

This study investigated the combined effects of calcium lactate (CA-L, 3 g L-1) and shortwave ultraviolet (UV-C, 4.0 kJ m-2) irradiation on quality attributes and antioxidant defense capacity of fresh-cut kiwifruits at refrigerated storage for 7 d. The results indicated that CA-L and UV-C joint treatment, compared to either treatment alone, alleviated microbial load, showed higher quality on ascorbic acid (AsA), green color, total chlorophyll, flesh hardness, total sugar, total acid and malonaldehyde (MDA) content. Besides, it inhibited O 2 · - and •OH generation, induced H2O2 production, improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and APX), activated critical enzymes (PAL, C4H and 4CL) in phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway and further enhanced total phenolic and proanthocyanidin content. Above results demonstrated that UV-C together with CA-L treatment could synergistically maintain overall quality and improve antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit slices. Therefore, the combination of CA-L and UV-C treatment showed a potential practical application in fresh-cut kiwifruits.

High Levels of 25-OH-Vitamin D and Copper in Pregnant Women with Abnormal Glucose Challenge Test.

Several hormones and elements are involved in the homeostasis of glucose metabolism during pregnancy. This present study determined the differences among the factors involved in glucose regulation for pregnant women with and without an abnormal glucose challenge test (GCT), but without gestational diabetes mellitus, during the second trimester of gestation and the postpartum period. One hundred and six pregnant women who had received routine prenatal and postpartum examinations at our hospital were recruited. Sugar-related tests and the levels of pregnancy-associated hormones and 25-OH-vitamin D were performed using a clinical autoanalyzer; six elements were assessed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The women in the abnormal GCT group (n = 27) featured significantly higher levels of 25-OH-vitamin D (p = 0.006) and copper (p < 0.001) than those in the normal GCT group (n = 79). After adjusting for possible pregnancy factors, abnormal GCT remained the significant contributing factor for the elevated levels of 25-OH-vitamin D and copper during gestation (p = 0.046 and 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, significant positive correlations existed between 25-OH-vitamin D and glucose after a 50-g GCT (p = 0.001), 25-OH-vitamin D and HbA1C (p = 0.004), serum copper and glucose after a 50-g GCT (p = 0.003), and serum copper and HbA1C (p < 0.001). We conclude that blood 25-OH-vitamin D and copper are strongly correlated with glucose levels during gestation; these two factors are potential clinical predictors for maternal impaired glucose tolerance and, indirectly, for reducing perinatal risks and neonatal complications.

The Growth, physiological and biochemical response of foxtail millet to atrazine herbicide.

Foxtail millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a vital crop that is planted as food and fodder crop around the globe. There is only limited information is present for abiotic stresses on the physiological responses to atrazine. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different atrazine dosages on the growth, fluorescence and physiological parameters i.e., malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2O2 and O2) in the leaves to know the extent of atrazine on oxidative damage of foxtail millet. Our experiment consisted of 0, 2.5, 12.5, 22.5 and 32.5 (mg/kg) of labeled atrazine doses on 2 foxtaill millet varieties. High doses of atrazine significantly enhanced ROS and MDA synthesis in the plant leaves. Enzymes activities like ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) activities enhanced, while catalase (CAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities reduced with increasing atrazine concentrations. Finally atrazine doses at 32.5 mg/kg reduced chlorophyll contents, while chlorophyll (a/b) ratio also enhanced. Biomass, plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, minimal and maximal fluorescence (Fo, Fm), maximum and actual quantum yield, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate are decreased with increasing atrazine doses.

Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic airborne pollutants and may cause adverse effects at high level of oxidative stress. Here we hypothesized that individuals with impaired lung function are susceptible to PAHs associated oxidative damage. Hence, we carried out a panel study and conducted four follow-up visits on 40 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 75 healthy controls. Hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured in urine as exposure and oxidative stress markers, respectively, which showed significant association in all participants. Quantitatively, a 1-fold increase in OH-PAHs was associated with a 4.1-15.1% elevation of MDA. The association between OH-PAHs and MDA levels became stronger in participants with impaired lung function. For 1% decrease of FEV1/FVC, the increase of MDA associated with a 1-fold increase in OH-PAHs was up to 0.49%, suggesting an increased susceptibility to PAH-induced oxidative damage in individuals with worse lung function. This study observed that impaired lung function modified the association between PAH exposure and oxidative damage, which might accelerate the aggravation of COPD, and therefore highlighted the necessity of protection measures to decrease the additional adverse effects of air pollution exposure. CAPSULE: Individuals with worse lung function may be more susceptible to PAH-induced lipid peroxidation.

Effects of major ozonated autoheamotherapy on functional recovery, ischemic brain tissue apoptosis and oxygen free radical damage in the rat model of cerebral ischemia.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability in the world, with a heavy burden on patients, their families, and society. At present, a major focus of cerebrovascular disease research is to find a safe and effective new method to promote early functional recovery in the acute phase of cerebral infarction. Major ozonated autohemotherapy (MOAH) can maintain ATP and energy metabolism in cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and reduce cell apoptosis. In the current study, the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in the Sprague Dawley rat was established and evaluated by the clinical functional score, Hoechst staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and biochemical detection. Then, the effects of MOAH on neurological function, apoptosis, and oxygen free radical damage after acute ischemia in middle cerebral artery were evaluated. Moreover, the potential two mechanisms have been illustrated for MOAH effects. This study would lay a theoretical foundation for the application of MOAH and find an effective and early treatment method for the cerebral infarction.

Efecto del aceite esencial de orégano sobre el desempeño productivo de ponedoras y la estabilidad oxidativa de huevos enriquecidos con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados / Effect of oregano essential oil on the laying performance and oxidative stability of eggs enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids

Este estudio evaluó la inclusión de aceite esencial de orégano (AEO, Lippia origanoides Kunth) en dietas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) sobre el desempeño productivo de ponedoras, el perfil lipídico y la estabilidad oxidativa de huevos en almacenamiento. Se distribuyeron 144 ponedoras en uno de cuatro tratamientos con seis replicas, con el objetivo de de evaluar el efecto del tipo de aceite usado en la dieta (palma o pescado) y la inclusión de AEO sobre las variables de producción, junto con el extracto etéreo, perfil de lípidos y concentración de malonaldehído (MDA), usando un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial y medidas repetidas en el tiempo por los días de almacenamiento (0, 30 y 60 días a 4°C). Los resultados mostraron que el tipo de aceite y el AEO no afectaron el desempeño productivo de las ponedoras (P > 0,05). La concentración de AGPI se incrementó en 16,8% en dietas con aceite de pescado en las que el DHA (ácido docosahexaenoico) también aumentó en un 1,4% (P < 0,05), incrementando la concentración de MDA (malonaldehído) en el huevo (41,6 ng MDA/g d yema), mientras que la suplementación de AEO con 100 g/ton mejoró la estabilidad oxidativa durante el almacenamiento (31.1 ng MDA/g de yema). Durante el almacenamiento la concentración de MDA en la yema incremento con el tiempo alcanzando los 38 ng MDA/g de yema a los 60 días. El AEO mostró potencial como antioxidante natural en la dieta de las ponedoras mejorando la estabilidad oxidativa de los huevos almacenados a 4°C hasta por 60 días.

This study evaluated the inclusion of oregano essential oil (OEO, Lippia origanoides Kunth) in diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on productive performance of laying hens, lipid profile and oxidative stability of eggs during storage. 144 hens were distributed in one of four treatments with six replicates in order to evaluate the effect of the type of oil used in the diet (palm or fish) and the inclusion of OEO on the production variables, along with the ethereal extract, lipid profile and malonaldehyde concentration (MDA), using a completely randomized factorial design with the repeated measures of days of storage (0, 30 and 60 days at 4° C). Results show that the type of oil and the OEO did not affect productive performance of layers (P > 0.05). PUFA concentration increased in 16.8% in diets with fish oil in 16.8%, where the DHA also increased by 1.4% (P < 0.05), increasing the MDA concentration in egg (MDA 41.6 ng/g yolk), while supplementation of OEO at a level of 100 g/ton improved oxidative stability during storage (MDA 31.1 ng/g yolk). During storage the concentration of MDA in the yolk increased with time reaching 38 ng/g yolk at 60 days. The OEO showed potential as a natural antioxidant in the diet of layers hens improving the oxidative stability of eggs stored at 4°C up to 60 days.

Green tea extract supplementation does not hamper endurance-training adaptation but improves antioxidant capacity in sedentary men.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation combined with endurance training on endurance capacity and performance in sedentary men. Forty untrained men (age: 20 ± 1 years) participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (i) placebo-control (CTRL), (ii) GTE, (iii) endurance training (Ex), and (iv) endurance training with GTE (ExGTE). During the 4-week intervention, exercise training was prescribed as 75% oxygen uptake reserve for three 20-min sessions per week, and either GTE (250 mg/day) or placebo was provided. Endurance capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and creatine kinase (CK) were examined. Ex and ExGTE but not GTE improved exhaustive-run time (Ex: +8.2%, p = 0.031; ExGTE: +14.3%, p < 0.001); in addition, Ex and ExGTE significantly increased maximal oxygen uptake by ∼14% (p = 0.041) and ∼17% (p = 0.017) above the values of the CTRL group, respectively. Both Ex and ExGTE significantly decreased the increase of CK by ∼11%-32% below that of CTRL following an exhaustive run (Ex: p = 0.007; ExGTE: p = 0.001). Moreover, TAS levels increased by ∼11% in ExGTE after training (p = 0.040), and GTE, Ex, and ExGTE markedly attenuated exercise-induced MDA production (p = 0.01, p = 0.005, p = 0.011, respectively). In conclusion, this investigation demonstrated that daily ingestion of GTE during endurance training does not impair improvements in endurance capacity. Moreover, endurance training combined with GTE not only increases antioxidant capacity without attenuating endurance training adaptations, but also further attenuates acute exercise-induced CK release.

Effects of cigarette smoke on aerobic capacity and serum MDA content and SOD activity of animal.

OBJECTIVE: Study the effects of cigarette smoke on aerobic capacity, serum MDA content and SOD activity of animal. METHODS: 60 male mice are randomly divided into mild smoking group, heavy smoking group, and control group, and the exhausted swimming time, serum SOD activity and MDA content of the three groups of mice are respectively measured before and after the experiment. RESULTS: After the experiment, the exhausted swimming time for the control group, mild smoking and heavy smoking groups is respectively 276.57 min, 215.57 min and 176.54 min, and the serum SOD activities for the three objects are 216.46 U/mL, 169.16 U/mL and 154.91 U/mL, and the MDA contents are respectively 16.41 mol/mL, 22.31 mol/mL and 23.55 mol/mL. According to the comparison, it is found that compared with the control group and pre-intervention, the exhausted swimming time and serum SOD activity of the smoking group decreases obviously, and its MDA content rises sharply, and the difference has significance (P < 0.05), moreover, the heavy smoking group has more obvious changes than the mild group. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoke can significantly weaken the aerobic capacity and fatigue resistance of mice, and the more the smoking time is longer, the more the harmful effect is more serious, this is related to the SOD activity drops and MDA content rises due to smoking.

Oxidative stress and expression of heme oxygenase-1 mRNA in the myocardial tissue of rats after limb ischemia/ reperfusion injury / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of oxidative damage in myocardial tissue after limb ischemia reperfusion (IR), and the protective effects of heme oxygenase-1 on myocardial injury in experimental rats. Method The models of bilateral hind limbs ischemia and reperfusion in rats were established by using tourniquets applied to the roots of both hind limbs until palm blanched and pulseless for 4 hours. A total of 56 SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into 7 groups, namely one normal control group ( n = 8) and 6 ischemia-reperfusion groups as per different lengths of reperfusion time, e. g. 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 8 hrs, 16 h rs and 24 hr ( n = 8 each). The experimental rats were sacrificed after different lengths of reperfusion time. Specimens of myocardium and blood were taken for assays of malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and pathological changes of myocardium were observed, and the expressions of HO-1 mRNA in myocardium were detected. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results (1) Compared with the control group, the levels of serum MDA and myocardial MDA of rats were increased in all IR groups and were higher (P < 0.05), and the levels of MDA reached the peak after reperfusion for 4 hours. The levels of serum SOD and myocardial SOD in rats of all IR groups were decreased and lower than those in rats of the control group ( P < 0.05), and the levels of serum SOD dropped away to the lowest point after reperfusion for 4 hours, and the levels of myocardial SOD fell off to the bottom after reperfusion for 8 hours. The levels of serum MPO and myocardial MPO were significantly increased in rats of all IR groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum MPO reached peak after reperfusion for 4 hours, and the levels of myocardial MPO were increased to the highest spot after reperfusion for 6 hours. (2) The pathological changes in myocardium showed the most severe damage after reperfusionfor 4-6 hours.(3) After reperfusion for 2 hours, there were no significant differences in the expression of HO-1 mRNA between IR groups and control group (P >0.05), and after reperfusion for 4 hours and over, the expressions of HO-1 mRNA were markedly increased in IR groups and reached peak after reperfusion for 16 hours in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The activation of neutrophils and free radicals may play a primarily adverse role in myocardial injury after limb IR, and the increase in the expression of HO-1 mRNA lessens the harm effects of IR on myocardium.

Effect of herba Houttuyniae injection on the change of learning and memory of mice in noises condition / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the effect of noise on the ability of learning and memory of mice,and observe the effect of herba Houttuyniae injection on the change of the ability of learning and memory in noise condition, and then analyses the mechanisms. Methods To choose suitable mice and divide into groups, applying Y-maze and colorimeter to determine the content of MDA and the enzyme activity of SOD, AChE and NOS of mice brain. Results Learning group in Y-maze, noise cause the ability of noise group (12.1±1.20) decrease(P＜0.01) compared with the control group(15.1±1.45), but herba Houttuyniae injection can reverse the ability of the mice, the correct frequency is much higher(P＜0.01)in herba Houttuyniae group(14.9±1.60). The results is same in the memory group, in Y-maze, noise cause the memory ability of noise group (5.20±1.40) decrease(P＜0.01) compared with the control group(6.30±1.32), but herba Houttuyniae injection can reverse the memory ability of the mice, the correct frequency is much higher(P＜0.01)in herba Houttuyniae group(6.10±1.10). Either learning or memory group mice, noise can decreased the activity of SOD and NOS of mice brain(P＜0.01), but the content of MDA and the ability of AChE elevated(P＜0.01). herba Houttuyniae injection can change the effect of noise to mice, the activity of SOD and NOS of mice brain elevated(P＜0.01) and the content of MDA and the ability of AChE decreased (P＜0.01). Conclusion herba Houttuyniae injection can prevent the ability of learning and memory of mice which decreased by noise, and have the effect of intoxication.

Effect of complex prescription of Chinese medicine on ischemic brain of rat / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study the protection of Chinese herbs on the ischemic brain of rats. Methods 75 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, Group 1 for false operation. For the other four groups, the common carotid artery was exposed then was ligatured and cut off, Group 2 for model. From the 20th hour after operation on,Group 3, 4, 5 were fed with complex prescription of Chinese medicine named Prescription 1, 2 and 3 once a day respectively. 3 hours after taking medicine, Groups 2-5 were put in the hypoxia environment for 1 hours, then taking the medicine for 7 days. On the 7th day after operation,the blood was taken from R. atria then the rats were killed and the whole right brains were cut off. Malonaldehyde (MDA), notric oxide synthetase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain tissue and serum, and calcium in the brain were measured respectively. ResultsThe three prescriptions can decrease the quantity of MDA both in brain tissue and serum and the calcium in brain tissue(P<0.05-0.001).Prescription 1 can enhance the activity of SOD in brain tissue while the others can decrease the activity of NOS. The hippocampus cells show tidy, and the number of the necrotic cells decrease greatly among them, Groups 4 and 5 are better than Group 3.Conclusions Prescriptions 1-3 can protect the brain tissue of the rat form ischemic brain injury.

The effects and the mechanisms of exogenous fatty acids on colorectal cancer cells / 肠外与肠内营养

Objectives: To observe the effects and the mechanisms of exogenous fatty acids on colorectal cancer cells(LoVo). Methods:The effect of exogenous fatty acids on LoVo cells was determined by 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay.The content of MDA was examined to evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation. Results:The growth of LoVo cells was inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).The inhibitory effect of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids on LoVo cells was not showed.None of the fatty acids was found to fibroblast cells(HLF).PUFAs caused the significant rising of intracellular MDA content. Conclusions:PUFAs could inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer cells.The strengthening of lipid peroxidation may be one of the mechanisms.