Diseño y validación de una rúbrica analítica para evaluar manuscritos científicos / Design and validation of an analytical rubric for evaluating scientific manuscripts

Introducción: La investigación científica tiende a ser presentada mediante reportes escritos, que inicialmente son denominados manuscritos, la revisión de su calidad es importante en el marco del rigor metodológico y científico. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar una rúbrica analítica para evaluar manuscritos científicos. Material y Métodos: Estudio instrumental. Donde se elabora una rúbrica analítica compuesta por 21 aspectos integrados en seis dimensiones y cuatro niveles de desempeño (Excelente, Bien, Regular, Por mejorar). Se utiliza la metodología de jueces expertos (n= 9), fiabilidad mediante el Alfa de Krippendorff (α) y relación prueba criterio externo e información cualitativa para la mejora de los indicadores. Resultados: El juicio de expertos indicó que los 21 aspectos a evaluar pueden ser considerados validos (V de Aiken ≥ 0.70) y fiables (α ≥ 0.70). Además, las sugerencias de los expertos permitieron mejoras cualitativas al instrumento. La aplicación piloto con un grupo de siete evaluadores indicó que la prueba cuenta con poder predictivo, porque se encontró que las puntuaciones de los jueces disminuyen mientras disminuye la calidad del manuscrito seleccionado. Conclusiones: La rúbrica analítica elaborada es un instrumento válido y fiable que puede ser utilizado para la valoración de manuscritos científicos en el ámbito de la educación médica. El proceso metodológico brinda evidencias solidas de su funcionamiento. A pesar de eso, se anima a continuar revisando el instrumento como parte de su proceso de mejora continua.

Introduction: Scientific research tends to be presented through written reports, which are initially called manuscripts. The review of their quality is important in the framework of methodological and scientific rigor. Objective: To design and validate an analytical rubric to evaluate scientific manuscripts. Material and Methods: Instrumental study. An analytical rubric composed of 21 aspects integrated into six dimensions and four performance levels (excellent, good, fair, to be improved) was developed. The methodology of expert judges (n = 9), reliability by means of Krippendorff's alpha (α), external criterion test, and qualitative information for the improvement of the indicators were used. Results: The expert judgment indicated that the 21 aspects to be evaluated can be considered valid (Aiken's V ≥ 0.70) and dependable (α ≥ 0.70). In addition, the experts' suggestions allowed qualitative improvements to the instrument. The pilot application with a group of seven evaluators indicated that the test has predictive power because it was found that the judges' scores decreased as the quality of the selected manuscript decreased. Conclusions: The analytical rubric elaborated is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for the assessment of scientific manuscripts in the field of medical education. The methodological process provides solid evidence of its performance. Nevertheless, it is encouraged to continue revising the instrument as part of its continuous improvement process.

Fourteen Crutches for Mediocrity. The logismoi that jeopardize good research and publication.

Publications are used widely as a measure of academic quality. Many investigators have difficulty publishing in this competitive field. After coming across a religious lecture on the "Fourteen Crutches for Mediocrity", our team adapted this approach to life to the science of publishing: (1) what is the problem of doing it?; (2) there are worse!; (3) everybody does it!; (4) why exaggerate?; (5) I will do it tomorrow!; (6) maybe if …; (7) it is not used anymore!; (8) be a cousin not a brother!; (9) I need to be thanked!; (10) don't eat your own head, let it be!; (11) I can't possibly accomplish it!; (12) I don't feel like doing it!; (13) I am fed up!; (14) I am not worthwhile! These crutches jeopardize good research and thoughtful learned publications.

Fourteen Crutches for Mediocrity. The logismoi that jeopardize good research and publication

Publications are used widely as a measure of academic quality. Many investigators have difficulty publishing in this competitive field. After coming across a religious lecture on the “Fourteen Crutches for Mediocrity”, our team adapted this approach to life to the science of publishing: (1) what is the problem of doing it?; (2) there are worse!; (3) everybody does it!; (4) why exaggerate?; (5) I will do it tomorrow!; (6) maybe if …; (7) it is not used anymore!; (8) be a cousin not a brother!; (9) I need to be thanked!; (10) don’t eat your own head, let it be!; (11) I can’t possibly accomplish it!; (12) I don’t feel like doing it!; (13) I am fed up!; (14) I am not worthwhile! These crutches jeopardize good research and thoughtful learned publications (AU)

Las publicaciones se utilizan ampliamente como una medida para cualidad académica. Investigadores menos experimentados tiene dificultades para publicar en este campo competitivo. Nuestro equipo adaptó una conferencia religiosa sobre «Catorce muletillas para la mediocridad» al tema de la escritura científica: 1) ¿Qué hay de malo? 2) ¡Los hay peores! 3) ¡Lo hacen todos! 4) ¡Sin exagerar! 5) ¡Mañana! 6) ¡Ojalá! 7) ¡Es que ya no se lleva! 8) ¡Hay que ser hermanos, pero no primos! 9) Para lo que te lo van a agradecer… 10) ¡No te comas la cabeza, déjate llevar! 11) ¡No puedo lograrlo! 12) ¡No me apetece! 13) ¡Estoy harto! 14) ¡Yo no valgo! Logismoi es un término griego que describe pensamientos agresivos o tentadores. Las muletillas presentadas pueden poner en peligro una buena investigación y publicación

Estudio de una ptosis ocular en un manuscrito iluminado del siglo XIII / Study of an ocular ptosis in a 13th century illuminated manuscript

Introducción: El hallazgo de una ptosis palpebral en un manuscrito del siglo xiii plantea el diagnóstico diferencial de lesión del tercer par craneal. Este nervio no fue diferenciado de los otros oculomotores hasta el s. xvi. En el s. xix se estableció una correlación clinicopatológica con su parálisis. Objetivo: Describir las características y diagnósticos diferenciales de una ptosis palpebral ilustrada en el Libro de las obras divinas (1173) de Hildegarda de Bingen. Desarrollo: En la obra en cuestión se retrata a la monja Richardis de Stade con su párpado izquierdo caído. Se describen dos signos notorios, ptosis y elevación de la ceja correspondiente, y se infiere la desviación del ojo hacia abajo y afuera por la forma que le imprime al párpado la posición del ojo y la curvatura de la córnea. El cuadro es consistente con una parálisis aislada del motor ocular común. Se discuten las causas de ptosis: aponeurótica por dehiscencia del levator palpebrae; miógenas, congénitas y adquiridas; de la unión neuromuscular; y neuropática, que es la más probable en este caso y de mecanismo compresivo. Conclusiones: El retrato de Richardis de Stade muestra una parálisis del motor ocular común siglos antes de que se conocieran su anatomía, función y expresión clinicopatológica. Su inesperada muerte de causa natural hace presumir la ruptura de un aneurisma cerebral. El mérito de esta descripción original debe concedérsele a Hildegarda, cuya vocación médica ha sido largamente reconocida.(AU)

Introduction: The finding of an eyelid ptosis in a manuscript of the xiii century raises the differential diagnosis of injury to the third cranial nerve. This nerve was not differentiated from the other oculomotors until the xvi century and only in the xix century a clinicopathological correlation was established for its paralysis. Aim: Describe the characteristics and differential diagnoses of an eyelid ptosis illustrated in the Book of Divine Works (1173) by Hildegard of Bingen. Development: In the mentioned work the nun Richardis of Stade is portrayed with her left eyelid drooping. Two conspicuous signs are described, ptosis and corresponding raising of the eyebrow. The deviation of the eye downward and outward is inferred from the shape that adopts the eyelid by the position of the eye and the curvature of the cornea. The picture is consistent with an isolated paralysis of the oculomotor nerve. The causes of ptosis are discussed: aponeurotic due to levator palpebrae dehiscence; myogenic, congenital and acquired; of the neuromuscular junction, and neuropathic, the latter being the most probable in this case and of a compressive mechanism. The nun’s unexpected natural death suggests a ruptured brain aneurysm. Conclusions: Richardis of Stade’s portrait shows an oculomotor paralysis centuries before its anatomy, function, and clinicopathological expression were known. Credit for this original description must go to Hildegard, whose medical vocation has long been recognized.(AU)

A alienação em Marx / Alienation in Marx

A alienação é uma categoria extremamente complexa, de difícil entendimento, principalmente quando estudada a partir de certas obras de Marx, como os Manuscritos Econômicos-filosóficos de 1844, fragmentado e incompleto. Embora tal noção não tenha sido criada no bojo da teoria marxiana, é nessa vertente que ela adquire um entendimento mais alinhado à realidade social, com raízes no plano econômico. Nos valendo de uma revisão de literatura centrada no tema, esse artigo objetiva uma aproximação ao termo, uma contribuição ao seu entendimento, cujos determinantes que lhe emoldura encontram seu nexo de objetividade sob as configurações estruturais da sociedade burguesa, dominada pelo capital

Alienation is an extremely complex category, difficult to understand, especially when studied from certain works of Marx, such as the Economic-Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, fragmented and incomplete. Although thisnotion was not created in the midst of Marxian theory, it is in this aspect that itacquires an understanding more aligned with social reality, with roots in the economic sphere. Using a literature review centered on the theme, this article aimsto approach the term, a contribution to its understanding, whose determinantsthat frame it find their nexus of objectivity under the structural configurations ofbourgeois society, dominated by capital

Distribución geográfica y brecha de género en la revisión por pares de una revista científica biomédica en Latinoamérica / Geographic distribution and gender gap in the peer review of a Latin American biomedical scientific journal

La revisión por pares es un proceso importante al permitir tomar decisiones previas a la publicación de un artículo. Sin embargo, existe escasa información en revistas científicas de Latinoamérica sobre los profesionales que participan en estos procesos. Este trabajo se propuso determinar la distribución geográfica y de género en la revisión por pares realizada en la Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública. Se analizaron las listas de agradecimiento de quienes participaron en la revisión por pares de esta revista desde el año 2010 hasta el 2017. El país de procedencia se identificó a partir de la afiliación institucional, mencionada inicialmente por los revisores, y para la identificación del género se utilizaron los nombres. En caso de existir duda con el género se realizó una búsqueda de imágenes y de perfiles académicos públicos disponibles en Internet. Se encontraron 1 628 menciones de agradecimientos a profesionales que participaron en la revisión por pares; el 60,4 por ciento (n = 983) fueron procedentes del extranjero, principalmente de España, México, Chile, Colombia y Argentina. El 71,1 por ciento (n = 1158) fueron revisores hombres y el 28,9 por ciento (n = 470) revisoras. según la procedencia de las revisoras, el 35,0 por ciento (n = 344) fueron del extranjero y el 19,6 por ciento (n = 126) de Perú; y en los revisores hombres el 65,0 por ciento fueron del extranjero y el 80,6 por ciento de Perú. La revisión por pares en una revista científica biomédica en Perú fue realizada principalmente por profesionales de otros países de habla hispana. Existe una brecha de género que es mayor para la participación de revisoras de Perú(AU)

Peer review is an important process that makes it possible to take decisions before the publication of an article. However, little information is available in Latin American scientific journals about the professionals involved in this process. The purpose of the study was to determine the geographic and gender distribution of peer review in the Peruvian Journal of Experimental Medicine and Public Health. Data about peer reviewers were obtained from the acknowledgements sections of journal issues published from 2010 to 2017. The country of origin was identified from the institutional affiliation reported by peer reviewers, and gender was derived from their proper names. In the event of doubt about a reviewer's gender, a search was conducted for images and public academic profiles available on the Internet. A total 1 628 acknowledgement mentions were found, 60.4percent (n = 983) of which referred to overseas reviewers, mainly from Spain, Mexico, Chile, Colombia and Argentina. 71.1percent (n = 1 158) of the reviewers were male and 28.9percent (n = 470) were female. 35.0percent (n = 344) of the female reviewers were foreign and 19.6percent (n = 126) were from Peru, whereas 65.0percent of the male reviewers were foreign and 80.6percent were from Peru. Peer review in a Peruvian biomedical scientific journal was mainly conducted by professionals from other Spanish-speaking countries. A gender gap was observed which is wider for participation of Peruvian female reviewers(AU)

Fourteen Crutches for Mediocrity. The logismoi that jeopardize good research and publication.

Publications are used widely as a measure of academic quality. Many investigators have difficulty publishing in this competitive field. After coming across a religious lecture on the "Fourteen Crutches for Mediocrity", our team adapted this approach to life to the science of publishing: (1) what is the problem of doing it?; (2) there are worse!; (3) everybody does it!; (4) why exaggerate?; (5) I will do it tomorrow!; (6) maybe if …; (7) it is not used anymore!; (8) be a cousin not a brother!; (9) I need to be thanked!; (10) don't eat your own head, let it be!; (11) I can't possibly accomplish it!; (12) I don't feel like doing it!; (13) I am fed up!; (14) I am not worthwhile! These crutches jeopardize good research and thoughtful learned publications.

Mais aquém do além do princípio de prazer: um retorno aos manuscritos / Before of the beyond the pleasure principle: a return to the manuscripts

Em homenagem ao centenário da primeira edição do Além do princípio de prazer (1920-2020), propomos neste artigo uma história documental do texto freudiano supracitado. Dois elementos serão priorizados aqui, o contexto editorial mais amplo em meio ao qual a obra foi publicada e os manuscritos que deram origem à versão final do texto. Ao cabo deste estudo, duas hipóteses serão sustentadas, a de que o Além do princípio de prazer foi concebido por Freud como um trabalho clínico com pretensões científicas e a de que ele foi escrito em um diálogo constante com outros psicanalistas e pesquisadores.

In tribute to the centenary of the first edition of Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920-2020), we propose in this article a documental history of the Freudian text. Two elements will be prioritized here, the wider editorial context in which the work was published and the manuscripts that gave rise to the final version of the text. At the end of this study, two hypotheses will be sustained, that Beyond the Pleasure Principle was conceived by Freud as a clinical work with scientific pretensions and that it was written in a permanent dialogue with other psychoanalysts and researchers.

Errores más comunes al redactar artículos médicos originales.

One of the skills that is more in need to be strengthened in the medical area is the dissemination of knowledge. For this reason, it is necessary to provide elements that promote training in scientific writing. Identifying the most common problems when writing medical original articles for publication will provide useful resources that should contribute to the generation of knowledge. There are multiple reasons that intervene for an original article not to be accepted in a medical journal, among which failure to follow instructions for authors and methodological, design and structural problems stand out. However, the aspect that most influences and that is seldom pointed out, is inadequate writing of research manuscripts, which becomes evident in the different sections that make up manuscripts. All the above-mentioned factors are the responsibility of the authors, and therefore must be taken care of properly. The purpose of this article is to identify the most common mistakes when writing original medical manuscripts, which, if avoided, will increase the possibility for research papers to be accepted for publication.

Una de las habilidades que más requiere ser fortalecida en el área médica es la difusión de conocimiento, por tal motivo, es necesario brindar elementos que promuevan la capacitación en redacción científica. Identificar cuáles son los problemas más comunes al redactar artículos médicos originales para su publicación proporcionará recursos útiles que contribuyan a la generación de conocimiento. Existen diversos motivos que intervienen para que un artículo original no sea aceptado en una revista médica, entre los que destacan falta de apego a las instrucciones para autores, problemas metodológicos y de diseño, así como de estructura, sin embargo, el aspecto que más influye y pocas veces se señala, es la redacción inadecuada de los escritos de investigación, la cual se hace patente en las diferentes secciones que componen los manuscritos. Todos los factores mencionados son responsabilidad de los autores, por lo que deben ser atendidos apropiadamente. El presente escrito tiene como objetivo señalar los errores más comunes al redactar escritos médicos originales, los cuales, de ser evitados, incrementarán la posibilidad de que sus trabajos de investigación sean aceptados para su publicación.

Tendencia y características de los manuscritos recibidos y rechazados en la Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública entre 2011 y 2017 / Trend and characteristics of manuscripts received and rejected in the Peruvian Journal of Experimental Medicine and Public Health between 2011 and 2017

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar la tendencia y características de los manuscritos recibidos y rechazados en la Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP) se analizaron los manuscritos que siguieron el proceso editorial del 2011 a 2017 según tipo de manuscrito, características del autor corresponsal y decisiones de rechazo. Se encontró un incremento de manuscritos recibidos de 283 en el 2011 a 495 en el 2017. Los autores corresponsales del extranjero, de provincias del Perú, y del género femenino presentaron un incremento en la contribución total de manuscritos, así como de originales. El promedio global de rechazo fue de 63,1%, siendo 55,8% en el 2011 y 74,7% en el 2017. La no aceptación de los manuscritos originales antes de ser enviados a revisión por pares fue principalmente por deficiencias en el estilo y formato (51,5%). Se evidencia un incremento en la recepción y rechazo de manuscritos, con diferencias según características del autor corresponsal.

ABSTRACT In order to determine the trend and characteristics of the manuscripts received and rejected in the Peruvian Journal of Experimental Medicine and Public Health (RPMESP), the manuscripts that followed the editorial process from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed, according to the type of manuscript, characteristics of the corresponding author, and rejection decisions. An increase in manuscripts received was found, from 283 in 2011 to 495 in 2017. Corresponding authors from abroad, from the provinces of Peru, and females presented an increase in the total contribution of manuscripts, as well as originals. The global average rejection was 63.1%: 55.8% in 2011 and 74.7% in 2017. The non-acceptance of original manuscripts prior to peer review was mainly due to deficiencies in style and format (51.5%). There is an increase in the reception of manuscripts, with differences according to the characteristics of the corresponding author.

Conversion of Plastic Surgery meeting abstract presentations to full manuscripts: a brazilian perspective / Conversão dos resumos apresentados em congressos de Cirurgia Plástica em manuscritos completos: uma perspectiva brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the conversion rate of Plastic Surgery meeting abstract presentations to full manuscript publications and examine factors associated with this conversion. Methods: we assessed the abstracts presented at the 47th and 48th Brazilian Congresses of Plastic Surgery by cross-referencing with multiple databases. We analyzed the Abstracts' characteristics associated with full manuscript publications. Results: of the 200 abstracts presented, 50 abstracts were subsequently published in full, giving the conference a conversion rate of 25%. The mean time to publish was 15.00±13.75 months. In total, there were 4.93±1.63 authors per abstract and 67.8±163 subjects per abstract; 43.5% of the abstracts were of retrospective studies; 69% comprised the plastic surgery topics head and neck, and chest and trunk, and 88.5% had no statistical analysis. Overall, 80% of the manuscripts were published in plastic surgery journals, 76% had no impact factor and 52% had no citations. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed the presence of statistical analysis to be the most significant (p<0.05) predictive factor of conversion of abstracts into full manuscripts. Conclusion: the conversion rate found from this bibliometric research appeared a bit lower than the conversion trend of international plastic surgery meetings, and statistical analysis was a determinant of conversion success.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a taxa de conversão de resumos apresentados em congressos de Cirurgia Plástica em publicações de manuscritos completos e examinar fatores associados a essa conversão. Métodos: resumos apresentados nos XLVII e XLVIII Congressos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Plástica foram avaliados por meio de referências cruzadas em diversos bancos de dados. Averiguaram-se as características dos resumos associadas às publicações de manuscritos completos. Resultados: dos 200 resumos apresentados, 50 foram posteriormente publicados na íntegra, determinando uma taxa de publicação de 25%. O tempo médio para publicação foi 15,00±13,75 meses. No total, houve 4,93±1,63 autores/resumo e 67,8±163 pacientes/resumo; 43,5% dos resumos foram estudos retrospectivos; 69% pertenciam aos tópicos crânio, cabeça e pescoço, e tórax e tronco e 88,5% não apresentavam análise estatística. No geral, 80% dos manuscritos foram publicados em revistas de Cirurgia Plástica, 76% não exibiam fator de impacto e 52% não possuíam citações. As análises bivariada e multivariada revelaram que a presença de análise estatística foi o fator preditivo significativo (p<0,05) para a conversão de resumos em manuscritos completos. Conclusão: a taxa de conversão deste estudo bibliométrico foi inferior à tendência de conversão descrita em congressos internacionais de Cirurgia Plástica, e a presença de análise estatística foi um determinante para o sucesso de conversão.

Suggestions for authors of medical articles / Sugestões para os autores de artigos médicos

ABSTRACT This manuscript is directed to those interested in writing medical articles. The author advises the use of certain conventions giving specific suggestions in homogenize the language of manuscripts whose purpose is their publication in specialized journals.

RESUMO Este manuscrito é dirigido aos interessados em escrever artigos médicos. O autor aconselha utilizar determinadas conveniências - sugestões pontuais - afim de homogeneizar a linguagem dos seus escritos cuja finalidade seja a publicação em periódicos especializados.

Revisiones por pares de protocolos presentados a un Comité local de investigación en salud. Tabasco, México, 2009 / Peer review of research projects showed to a health research local Committee. Tabasco, Mexico, 2009

INTRODUCCIÓN: Frecuentemente se encuentran errores en protocolos y reportes de investigación, su estudio permite detectar necesidades de educación continua. OBJETIVO: Identificar los errores en los protocolos presentados al Comité Local de Investigación en Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, en Tabasco, México, durante el año 2009. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Diseño transversal descriptivo. Universo: 62 protocolos presentados en el año 2009. Muestra: no probabilística por conveniencia. Criterios de inclusión: protocolos presentados y dictaminados durante el período de estudio, que cuenten con registros de su revisión por pares. Variables: dictámenes, revisores y errores: de presentación, introducción, método y éticos. Fuente de información: archivos de revisiones por pares con base en la "Guía para la evaluación de protocolos de investigación" del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Procedimientos: sistematización de información de revisiones por pares. Análisis: estadística descriptiva. Software: Epi Info® versión 3.3.2 para entorno Windows™. RESULTADOS: Se dictaminaron 50 protocolos de investigación: 32 autorizados (64%), 10 no autorizados (20%) y 8 con dictamen de modificarlo y volverlo a presentar (16%). Errores más frecuentes: sintaxis y ortografía incorrectas, (62%;), carta de consentimiento informado inadecuada, 45%; fundamentación inadecuada del problema, 36%; descripción insuficiente de procedimientos, 36%. CONCLUSIONES: Los errores en las consideraciones éticas y de redacción son los más frecuentes en los protocolos de investigación presentados al Comité Local de Investigación en Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en Tabasco. Se requiere capacitar en estos aspectos al personal de salud de la institución que realiza o asesora trabajos de investigación

INTRODUCTION: Frequently they found fails in research projects and reports, and your study show continuing education needs. OBJECTIVE: to identify errors in projects presented to Health Research Local Committee of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social from Tabasco, Mexico, during 2009. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive design. Universe: 62 projects presented in 2009. Sample: no randomized for convenience. Inclusion criteria: projects presented and ruled in 2009 that and counted with peer review files. Variables: verdicts, reviewers, presentation errors, introduction errors, method errors, ethic methods. Information source: peer review files based on "Research projects evaluation guide" of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Procedures: systematization of peer review information. Analysis: descriptive statistic. Software: Epi Info© version 3.3.2 for Windows™ environment. RESULTS: 50 research projects were ruled: 32 authorized (64%), 10 non-authorized (20%), 8 with modification and sending back to peer-review (16%). As the most frecuent errors, were found: incorrect syntax and spelling 62%, inadequate informed consent letter 45%, lack of appropriate foundation 36%, insufficient description of procedures 36%. Conclusions: The most frequents errors in the research projects presented to the Health Research Local Committee of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social were about the ethical considerations and the redaction. For this reason to qualify in these aspects to health personnel of institution that carry out and advice on research works is required

A Alienação, a crise e os Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos: retomada do debate na formação intelectual / The alienartion, crisis and Economic and philosophical manuscripts: resumption of the discussion on intellectual formation

O texto discute a relevância da retomada dos estudos sobre os Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos de Marx para a formação intelectual no sentido de aprofundar a compreensão dos desdobramentos da centralidade das relações de troca na sociedade capitalista em crise estrutural. A metodologia da investigação teórica empreendida envolveu análise do referido texto e de outros escritos do pensador, além de revisão bibliográfica sobre estudos interpretativos do tema. Os resultados da pesquisa sustentam que a alienação provocada pela propriedade privada, pela divisão do trabalho e pelo intercâmbio mercantil estão consubstanciados nos argumentos centrais sobre o processo social desdobrado na desumanização do capitalismo em excesso que vivenciamos neste tempo de crise estrutural. O aprofundamento intelectual desse viés analítico poderá ampliar a percepção a respeito da natureza da crise, a potencialidade das saídas elencadas na agenda política e o barbarismo da realidade viva do cotidiano de trabalho.

The paper discusses the relevance of the resumption of studies on the Economic and philosophic manuscripts of Marx for intellectual training in order to deepen the understanding of the consequences of the centrality of exchange relations in capitalist society in structural crisis. The methodology of theoretical research undertaken involved analysis of that text and other texts of the thinker, and literature review on the topic interpretive studies. The inquiry results support that the alienation caused by private property, the division of labor and market exchange are embodied in the central arguments of the social process unfolded in the dehumanization of capitalism excess we experience this time of structural crisis. The intellectual depth of this analytical bias may increase the perception of the nature of the crisis, the potentiality of the outputs listed on the policy agenda and the barbarism of the living reality of daily work.

Investigação pedagógica em Educação Física: análise das publicações em um periódico internacional / Pedagogical research in Physical Education: scope analyses in a international journal

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as publicações de um periódico internacional e traçar o seu perfil editorial. A partir desta análise, traça um quadro comparativo com a produção nacional da Educação Física na sua subárea sociocultural. Para tanto, selecionamos um periódico especializado que fosse considerado de alto conceito pela plataforma WEB QUALIS periódicos, base de dados que tem sido utilizada para avaliar, em última instância, a qualidade dos Cursos de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu no Brasil. Nossas análises se pautaram em três grandes categorias, a saber: a) a presença constante de pesquisadores advindos das universidades americanas em grande parte dos artigos deste periódico; b) a discussão recorrente do papel da educação física como promotora da atividade física em ambientes formais de educação; c) a ausência de discussão epistemológica sobre a educação física neste periódico. Como conclusão, discutimos acerca da necessidade de ajustes teóricos e metodológicos por parte da comunidade acadêmica da educação física brasileira, para que seja possível publicar neste periódico internacional.

This paper aims to discuss about an editorial scope of pedagogical journal in physical education field. Our intent is compare some of their pedagogical issues with Brazilian ones. We chose the Journal of Teaching in Physical Education because it is well qualified in the Educational Brazilian Governmental web system. We framed our scope in three big issues: a) the high concentration of American researchers in the most of papers; b) the permanent idea about the Physical Education is the responsible for promote wellness in schools and the related problems; c) the absence of epistemic discussions about the role of physical education in the Educational System. At the end, we discuss the necessity of having many theorical and empirical adjustments in the Brazilian Physical Educational papers, so as to we are able to publish in the international arena.

The ethical issues of research involving human beings contained in the editorial guidelines of Brazilian medical journals / Os aspectos éticos das pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos contidos nas diretrizes editoriais das revistas médicas brasileiras

The present study aimed to analyze the ethical aspects contained in the sections Instructions to authors of Brazilian medical journals which were highly qualified on the assessment of the Qualis program of Conselho Técnico Científico da Educação Superior (CTC-ES) (Medicine I area - reference year 2007). Moreover, we searched in the journals that present information about the ethical issues involved in research with humans, if these journals inform the authors about how they should confirm to the editors the compliance with ethical issues of their studies. The editorial guidelines of 34 journals (17.6%, B2 score; 35.3% B3 score; 47.1% B4 score) were analyzed. It was observed that only 7 (20.6%) journals do no mention some ethical questions related to research involving human subjects and that 25 (73.5%) journals indicate the need for approval of research by Ethics Committee of the institution where the study was conducted. However, less than half (44.1%) of the journals clearly indicate in their Instructions to authors that information about the ethical aspects of research involving human subjects should be cited in the text of the manuscript submitted. Thus, further improvement is still necessary regarding the approach of ethical issues in the editorial guidelines of the Brazilian medical journals analyzed. Researches like this seek to contribute with the discussion about the awareness of editors, so that they mention in the instructions of their journals the principles, rules and ethical standards that must be considered in the research involving human beings.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os aspectos éticos contidos na seção Instruções aos autores dos periódicos médicos brasileiros mais bem conceituados na avaliação do Qualis de Periódicos do Conselho Técnico Científico da Educação Superior (CTC-ES) (Área Medicina I ano base 2007). Além disso, buscou investigar nos periódicos que disponibilizam alguma informação sobre as questões éticas envolvidas na experimentação em seres humanos, se os mesmos informam aos autores a maneira com que eles devem confirmar aos editores o cumprimento das questões éticas dos seus estudos. As diretrizes editoriais de 34 periódicos (17,6%, conceito B2; 35,3% conceito B3; 47,1% conceito B4) foram analisadas. Foi observado que apenas 7 (20,6%) dos periódicos analisados não mencionaram alguma questão ética relacionada à pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos e que 25 (73,5%) deles indicam a necessidade de aprovação da pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética da instituição onde o estudo foi conduzido. Contudo, menos da metade (44,1%) dos periódicos analisados deixaram claro em suas Instruções aos Autores que informações sobre os aspetos éticos da pesquisa com seres humanos devem ser citados no corpo do manuscrito. Assim, concluiu-se que ainda são necessárias maiores melhorias quanto à abordagem das questões éticas nas diretrizes editoriais dos periódicos médicos brasileiros analisados. Pesquisas como esta visam a contribuir com a discussão sobre a conscientização dos editores para que façam constar nas instruções dos seus periódicos os princípios, normas e padrões éticos que devem ser obedecidos na pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos.

Autoría en artículos biomédicos: el caso de imaginología / Authorship in biomedical articles: the case of imaging

The definition of authorship is a subject of ongoing discussion wherein elements of prestige and academic career are involved. As a potential source of conflicts, it must be handled with extreme strictness to avoid difficulties when presenting scientific outcomes. Both a review of international standards relating to regarding authorship, accepted to date, and the position of the editorial board of the Revista Chilena de Radiología are presented.

La definición de autoría es un tema de discusión permanente, donde se ven involucrados elementos de prestigio y carrera académica. Siendo una potencial fuente de conflictos, debe ser manejado con extrema rigurosidad, para evitar dificultades al momento de presentar resultados científicos. Se presenta una revisión de los criterios internacionales referidos a autoría, aceptados a la fecha, y la postura del cuerpo editorial de la Revista Chilena de Radiología.

Processo de revisão pelos pares: por que são rejeitados os manuscritos submetidos a um periódico científico? / ¿Evaluación de pares: por qué el rechazo de los manuscritos sometidos a un períodico científico? / Peer review process: when the manuscripts are undergo a scientific journal, because they are rejected?

Quando os pesquisadores enviam os resultados de suas investigações para publicação, têm sua produção intelectual avaliada pelos membros da comunidade científica. O processo, denominado sistema de arbitragem, de avaliação de originais, de avaliação pelos pares, referee system ou peer review, consiste no uso de árbitros para assessorar a avaliação dos manuscritos submetidos para publicação. Quando submetido a um processo de análise, as possibilidades de publicação do manuscrito são três: aprovado; aceito, sujeito a correções ou rejeitado, e pode apresentar um caráter pedagógico ou punitivo. Este estudo analisa 191 pareceres referentes a manuscritos enviados a um periódico no período, de 1997 até 2007, com a finalidade de conhecer os motivos que levaram os avaliadores à sua rejeição para publicação.

When the researchers sent the results of their research for publication, has his intellectual production assessed by members of the scientific community. This process, called peer review, consist in the use of referees to assist in the evaluation of manuscripts submitted for publication. When the manuscript is submitted to a review process, the chances of publication are three: approved, accepted subject to correction, or rejected. This process can provide a teaching or a punitive character. This study examines 191 opinions for manuscripts submitted to a journal from 1997 until 2007 with the purpose of knowing the reasons which led the evaluators to its rejection for publication.

Cuando los investigadores envian los resultados de su investigación para publicación, es evaluado su producción intelectual por los miembros de la comunidad científica. El proceso, llamado el sistema de arbitraje, evaluación de los originales, revisión inter pares, referee system ou peer review, es el uso de los árbitros para ayudar en la evaluación de los manuscritos presentados para su publicación. Cuando se sometan a un proceso de análisis, la respuesta puede ser tres: aprobado, aceptado o rechazado objeto de correcciones y puede hacer un tipo de enseñanza o de carácter punitivo. Este estudio examina las opiniones de 191 manuscritos presentados a una revista desde 1997 hasta 2007 con la finalidad de conocer las razones que han conducido a los evaluadores su rechazo para su publicación.

Algunas claves para escribir correctamente un artículo científico / Some key factors in medical writing

The purpose of scientific research is to disseminate their results in a publication. Scientists, clinicians, graduate and postgraduate students are judged and are primarily known for their publications. A scientific experiment whilst their results may be outstanding does not end until those results are published. Thus, the scientists not only have to "do" science but also "write" science. A poor wording could prevent or delay the publication of an excellent scientific work. The purpose of this article is to help scientists and students to prepare manuscripts that are likely to be accepted for publication and to be perfectly understood when issued. As the requirements journal vary widely among disciplines, and even within a single discipline, it is not possible to make recommendations that are universally acceptable. Therefore, this article will get its importance, insofar as it is taken as a guide for those professionals who wish to publish their studies in national and international journals.

El objetivo de la investigación científica es divulgar sus resultados en una publicación. Hombres y mujeres de ciencia, médicos clínicos, estudiantes graduados y de postgrado son juzgados principalmente y se los conoce por sus publicaciones. Un experimento científico, por espectaculares que sean sus resultados, no termina hasta que esos resultados se publican. Así pues, el científico no sólo tiene que "hacer" ciencia sino también "escribir" ciencia. Una mala redacción puede impedir o retrasar la publicación de un trabajo excelente. El propósito de este artículo es ayudar a científicos y estudiantes a preparar manuscritos que tengan posibilidades de ser aceptado para su publicación y de ser perfectamente entendidos cuando se publiquen. Como los requisitos exigidos por las revistas varían mucho según las disciplinas, e incluso dentro de una misma disciplina, no es posible hacer recomendaciones que sean universalmente aceptables. Por lo tanto, el presente artículo obtendrá su importancia, en la medida que sea tomado como una guía por aquellos profesionales que deseen publicar sus estudios en diferentes revistas nacionales e internacionales.

Estudio situacional de siete revistas latinoamericanas de neumonología / Editorial situation of seven journals on respiratory diseases from Latin America

Objetivo: Caracterizar la situación de las revistas sobre enfermedades respiratorias publicadas en América Latina. Método: Se efectuó una encuesta en una reunión organizada por ALAT (Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax). Cada editor presentó un informe sobre la revista a su cargo y contestó un cuestionario. Resultados: La principal motivación de las Sociedades de Enfermedades Respiratorias para publicar sus propias revistas es mejorar la adquisición de conocimientos. Las principales motivaciones de los autores para escribir artículos serían difundir el conocimiento médico e informar sobre una experiencia. La deficiencia más frecuente de los manuscritos enviados, es la falta de cumplimiento con las normas de publicación de la revista. El logro de una mejoría en la relación autor-editor-revisor, sería la mejor estrategia para mejorar la calidad de los manuscritos. Entre las sugerencias para mejorar las revistas latino-americanas destacaron: a) profesionalizar el trabajo editorial; b) aumentar la meticulosidad de los revisores de los manuscritos y c) insistir en el cumplimiento de las normas internacionales de edición de revistas médicas. Algunos de los principales problemas informados fueron: a) carencia de periodicidad regular y adecuada en la publicación de cada número de las revistas; b) carencia de manuscritos originales que signifiquen un aporte de real impacto para la especialidad; c) bajo porcentaje de rechazo de manuscritos enviados para su eventual publicación; d) el recambio de editores es elevado y frecuente. Recomendaciones: a) las revistas deberían mantener su formato impreso en papel, aunque estén disponibles en índices electrónicos; b) cada revista debería tener impreso el costo de su suscripción, aunque esté incluido en la cuota anual de membresía de la sociedad; c) no obstante cada país de América Latina pueda decidir publicar su propia revista de enfermedades respiratorias, debe explorarse la factibilidad de generar una revista multinacional...

The situation of respiratory diseases journals published in Latin America was analized by the editors of these journals, convoked by ALAT (Latin American Association of Thoracic Diseases) al Lima, Peru, on February 4th, 2007. Each editor presented a report about his/her journal and answered a survey about to get better manuscripts. Results of the survey improve information acquisition would be the main motivation of national respiratory societies for editing their own journals Disseminate medical knowledge and report an experience, would be the main motivations of authors to submit papers. The most frequent deficiency of manuscripts submitted is bad adherence to journal's requirements. An improvement in the relationship between author-editor-reviewer should be the best strategy to enhance the quality of the manuscripts. Suggestions on how to improve the Latin American journals included: a) professionalize editorial work; b) increase meticulousness of manuscripts reviewers and c) reinforce international norms for editing medical journals. Major problerns reported by editors a) Lack of a regular and adequate periodicity (at least quarterly) in publishing the issues: b) Lack of original papers submitted that mean a "milestone" for the specialty; c) Low percentage of rejection in submitted papers (5 to 39%) indicating an scarce capacity to select excellent papers; d) high and frequent turnover of editors (each two years) which implies a poor accomplishment of editorial regulations and policies. Recommendations a) Although several journals are available in electronic indices, they should be maintained in their printed form, because it is unknown for how long the information could be preserved in an electronic support; b) Each journal should have printed its subscription fee, in spite its subscription is included in the annual society membership fee...