What is the influence of maternal weight gain in different gestational clinical conditions on the prole weight in pre-school age?

The aim of the current study was to assess the influence of maternal weight gain in different clinical gestational conditions on the child's weight at pre-school age. This was a longitudinal observational study of a prospective and controlled multiple cohort of 372 mother-child pairs with four causal groups of different adverse intrauterine environments (smoking, diabetic, hypertensive and intrauterine growth-restricted pregnant women) and a control group, in the period of, from 2011 to 2016 in three hospitals in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Sociodemographic, prenatal and perinatal data were analysed. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was categorised as 'insufficient', 'adequate' and 'excessive'. The generalised estimation equations (GEE) model was used to assess changes in the z-score of the child's body mass index from birth to pre-school age according to the GWG and gestational group. The child's GWG and weight gain were adjusted for maternal age and education, marital status, family income, pregnancy planning, number of children, prepregnancy BMI, prenatal consultations and type of delivery. A triple interaction effect was observed involving the gestational group, weight gain and study time (p = 0.020) through an adjusted model. Maternal weight gain above the recommended is associated with a significant increase in the child's z - BMI score over time, except for children from pregnant smokers. Children from diabetic mothers , hypertensive mothers and the control group who had a weight gain above that recommended during pregnancy changed their nutritional status from eutrophic to overweight, becoming obese in the DM and hypertension groups and overweight in control. Monitoring of the GWG, especially in the presence of hypertensive diseases and DM, should be effective to prevent children from developing overweight or obesity in pre-school age with an important impact on health conditions in the future.

Motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care: a phenomenological study / Motivaciones y expectativas de las gestantes consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas durante la atención prenatal: un estudio fenomenológico / Motivações e expectativas do pré-natal de gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas: estudo fenomenológico

Objective. Understand the motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care. Methods. A qualitative study developed in the light of Alfred Schütz's Theoretical Framework of Phenomenological Sociology, in which 25 pregnant women using psychoactive substances, belonging to a Family Health Strategy, participated. Data production took place between August and November 2022.Results. Two units of meanings emerged: (i) social influences for the performance of prenatal care and (ii) expectation regarding the care to be received by the health professional. Pregnant women do pre-natal due to family influences, for fear of losing their children due to loss of guardianship and concern about the well-being and development of the baby. And, the expectations are that they receive good attention, feel safe when they are attended to by health professionals and also that they are understood and have a relationship of trust. Conclusion. Pregnant women who use psychoactive substances bring motivations for prenatal care linked to the past, such as influences from family members and previous experiences. As for expectations, they are related to the child's health and the care expected by professionals. Finally, strategies to reduce harm during pregnancy of users of psychoactive substances are fundamental for the effectiveness of care.

Objetivo. Conocer las motivaciones y expectativas de las gestantes consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas durante la atención prenatal. Método. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en el marco teórico de la sociología fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz, en el que participaron 25 gestantes consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas pertenecientes a una Estrategia de Salud Familiar de una unidad de salud en Brasil. Los datos se recogieron entre agosto y noviembre de 2022. Resultados. Emergieron dos unidades de significado: (i) influencias sociales para la atención prenatal y (ii) expectativas sobre la atención recibida por el profesional de salud. Las gestantes acuden al control prenatal por influencias familiares, miedo a separarse de sus hijos por pérdida de la tutela y preocupación por el bienestar y desarrollo del bebé. Sus expectativas son recibir una buena atención, sentirse seguras con los profesionales sanitarios y ser comprendidas y escuchadas a través de una relación de confianza. Conclusión. Las embarazadas usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas tienen motivaciones para el cuidado prenatal relacionadas con su pasado, como influencias familiares y experiencias individuales previas. En cuanto a las expectativas, están relacionadas con la salud del niño y los cuidados esperados que les brindarán los profesionales de salud. Por último, el diseño de estrategias para reducir los daños durante el embarazo de las consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas es fundamental para un cuidado eficaz.

Objetivo. Compreender as motivações e expectativas de gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas durante a realização do pré-natal. Métodos. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida à luz do referencial Teórico da Sociologia fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz, em que participaram 25 gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas, pertencentes a uma Estratégia Saúde da Família. A produção de dados ocorreu entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2022.Resultados. Emergiram duas unidades de significados: (i) influências sociais para a realização do pré-natal e (ii) expectativa em relação ao cuidado a ser recebido pelo profissional de saúde. As gestantes realizam o pré-natal por influências de familiares, por receio de afastamento dos filhos decorrente de perda da tutela e pela preocupação com o bem-estar e desenvolvimento do bebê. E, as expectativas é de que recebam um bom atendimento, sintam segurança nos profissionais de saúde e que sejam compreendidas e ouvidas por meio de uma relação de confiança. Conclusão. As gestantes usuárias de substâncias psicoativas trazem motivações para a realização do pré-natal atreladas ao passado, como influências de familiares e experiências prévias. Quanto as expectativas, estão relacionadas à saúde da criança e o cuidado esperado pelos profissionais. Por fim, as estratégias para reduzir danos durante a gestação de usuárias de substâncias psicoativas é fundamental para a efetividade do cuidado.

Quantifying the Association between Pump Use and Breastfeeding Duration.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the extent to which pump use is associated with breastfeeding duration. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of weighted data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from Maine, Michigan, New Mexico, and Utah between 2016 and 2021. Included respondents had a live-born infant at survey completion, initiated breastfeeding, and had nonmissing data for reported pump use and breastfeeding duration. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we quantified the hazard of breastfeeding cessation and median duration (weeks) of breastfeeding by pump use. Pump use was suspected to be differentially impacted by race and ethnicity; an interaction was tested in our regression model. RESULTS: Our sample included 19 719 mothers (weighted n = 723 808) with mean age (SD) 29.5 years (5.6). Mothers with age <18 years, Medicaid enrollment, race, and ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White, lower income or education, and unmarried status demonstrated lower pump use (P < .001). Pump use was associated with 37% lower hazard of breastfeeding cessation (adjusted hazard ratio 0.63; 95% CI: 0.56-0.70) and 21 additional weeks of breastfeeding on average. The association varied by race and ethnicity (significant interaction observed between pump use and non-Hispanic Black mothers, P = .013); stratified analysis demonstrated the lowest hazard of breastfeeding cessation among non-Hispanic Black and Native American pump users (adjusted hazard ratio 0.47 [0.40-0.54] and 0.51 [0.37-0.70], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Pump use was associated with longer breastfeeding duration; the greatest magnitudes of association were found among non-Hispanic Black and Native American participants, groups disproportionately affected by breastfeeding inequities. Future research examining the context around and causal impact of pump use on breastfeeding outcomes is needed.

Motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care: phenomenological study.

Objective: Understand the motivations and expectations of pregnant women using psychoactive substances during prenatal care. Methods: A qualitative study developed in the light of Alfred Schütz's Theoretical Framework of Phenomenological Sociology, in which 25 pregnant women using psychoactive substances, belonging to a Family Health Strategy, participated. Data production took place between August and November 2022. Results: Two units of meanings emerged: (i) social influences for the performance of prenatal care and (ii) expectation regarding the care to be received by the health professional. Pregnant women do pre-natal due to family influences, for fear of losing their children due to loss of guardianship and concern about the well-being and development of the baby. And, the expectations are that they receive good attention, feel safe when they are attended to by health professionals and also that they are understood and have a relationship of trust. Conclusion: Pregnant women who use psychoactive substances bring motivations for prenatal care linked to the past, such as influences from family members and previous experiences. As for expectations, they are related to the child's health and the care expected by professionals. Finally, strategies to reduce harm during pregnancy of users of psychoactive substances are fundamental for the effectiveness of care.

Effect of Education on Adherence to Recommended Prenatal Practices among Indigenous Ngäbe-Buglé Communities of Panama.

Background and Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the adherence of Ngäbe-Buglé women to WHO-recommended prenatal practices. The secondary objective was to compare adherence levels between women who received prenatal education from official medical providers and those educated through traditional or community-based sources within Ngäbe-Buglé communities. Materials and Methods: An eight-question survey was verbally administered to 137 Ngäbe-Buglé women at clinics set up by the non-profit NGO Floating Doctors in eight communities. A two-sided Fisher's Exact test with a p = 0.05 was used to compare the results of mothers who received prenatal education from evidence-based sources to other groups. Results: Out of the 137 surveyed women, 65 reported taking prenatal vitamins, 21 had prenatal check-ups, 136 avoided alcohol, 31 increased caloric intake, and 102 maintained their activity levels. Significant differences were observed in prenatal vitamin adherence between those educated by official sources versus unofficial sources (p = 0.0029) and official sources compared to those with no prenatal education (p < 0.0001). The difference was also significant for education from an unofficial source versus no education (p = 0.0056). However, no significant differences were found in other prenatal practices based on education sources. Conclusions: Our findings highlight deficiencies in both prenatal education and adherence to recommended practices among Ngäbe-Buglé women. Prenatal education significantly improved adherence to taking prenatal vitamins, suggesting its effectiveness as an intervention. Future interventions should prioritize culturally competent prenatal education and address barriers to accessing prenatal healthcare in Ngäbe-Buglé communities.

Situacion de la sifilis congénita en Paraguay utilizando datos del sistema de informacion perinatal (sip plus)

Introducción : Se promueven iniciativas para mejorar la salud de las mujeres y niños siendo el denominador común disponer de un sistema de información con repercusión en la salud de esta población. En Paraguay el SIP PLUS es utilizado con diferente grado de cobertura en los servicios maternoinfantiles. Objetivo: analizar la calidad de los datos generados para la construcción de los indicadores de Eliminación de la Sífilis Congénita (SC). Metodología: Estudio nacionalmente representativo utilizando datos generados por el SIP PLUS. Resultados: 32.479 historias perinatales cargadas desde el 2018 a julio del 2021. La representación de la muestra 1,5% en 2018 al 23% en 2021. Mayores pérdidas de información en el 2020. Para las variables de contexto con menos pérdidas de información en comparación a las de prevención primaria, secundaria y salud reproductiva. La pérdida de datos para: porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas con cuidado prenatal (4 o más) en un promedio de 64,4%; porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas tamizadas 43,1 % en el 2020 y 33,4% en 2019; positividad de la prueba de sífilis 49% en el 2020. Lo que también se observa en el indicador de tratamiento. Se registraron 506 casos de SC. Tasa de SCx1000 nacidos vivos ( 10 x1000 nacidos vivos en los 4 años analizados. Edad adolescente (p: 0,040) como factor de riesgo para SC. Conclusiones: Pérdida de registros en lo referente a ETMI, por falta de carga de datos. Alta incidencia de SC en los años analizados. Adolescentes como factor de riesgo para SC.

Introduction: Initiatives are promoted to improve the health of women and children, the common denominator being having an information system with an impact on the health of this population. In Paraguay, the SIP PLUS is used with different degrees of coverage in maternal and child services. Objective: analyze the quality of the data generated for the construction of the indicators for the Elimination of Congenital Syphilis (CS). Methodology: Nationally representative study using data generated by the SIP PLUS. Results: 32,479 perinatal histories uploaded from 2018 to July 2021. The representation of the sample went from 1.5% in 2018 to 23% in 2021. Greater information losses in 2020. For the context variables with fewer information losses in comparison to those of primary, secondary prevention and reproductive health. Loss of data for: percentage of pregnant women with prenatal care (4 or more) averaged 64.4%; percentage of pregnant women screened 43.1% in 2020 and 33.4% in 2019; syphilis test positivity 49% in 2020. This is also observed in the treatment indicator. 506 cases of CS were recorded. Rate of SCx1000 live births  10 x1000 live births in the 4 years analyzed. Adolescent age (p: 0.040) as a risk factor for CS. Conclusions: Loss of records regarding ETMI, due to lack of data loading. High incidence of CS in the years analyzed. Adolescents as a risk factor for CS.

Violencia obstétrica: percepción de las mujeres durante la atención de parto en dos hospitales rurales de la zona Nahua-Mixteca / Obstetric violence: women perception during labor in two hospitals in Nahua-Mixteca zone

Resumen Antecedentes: Múltiples estudios en Latinoamérica revelan que un gran número de pacientes ginecológicas sufren de violencia obstétrica en la atención institucional, la cual es definida como la apropiación del cuerpo de las mujeres por parte del personal de salud, aumentando las cifras de morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de acciones indirectas que representan violencia obstétrica, en un grupo de pacientes en el puerperio inmediato en hospitales rurales de la zona Nahua-Mixteca de los Estados de Puebla y Guerrero. Método: Estudio prospectivo y descriptivo realizado del 1 de enero al 30 de agosto del 2019 en el que se investigó la ocurrencia de violencia obstétrica en 296 pacientes atendidas durante el puerperio inmediato. Las variables sociodemográficas, procedimientos médicos durante el trabajo de parto, iniciativa de parto amigable y el alumbramiento fueron investigados en el expediente clínico. Resultados: La agresión verbal fue documentada en el 14.1% del grupo, siendo el médico el agresor más frecuente, seguido del personal de enfermería, sin embargo se documentó también la agresión por parte de otro tipo de personal. En un 13.5% no hubo evidencia de empatía con las emociones del trabajo de parto. Conclusiones: Se demostró una frecuencia elevada de violencia obstétrica, una mejora parcial en la iniciativa de parto amigable y un elevado porcentaje de procedimientos obstétricos que conllevan riesgos para la mujer y el recién nacido.

Abstract Background: Multiple studies in Latin America reveal that a large number of gynecological patients suffer a kind of obstetric violence in institutional care, which is defined as the appropriation of women's bodies by health personnel, increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: To determine the frequency of indirect actions that represent obstetric violence, in a group of patients in the immediate puerperium in rural hospitals in the Nahua-Mixtec area of the States of Puebla and Guerrero. Method: Prospective and descriptive study carried out from January 1 to August 30, 2019, in which the occurrence of obstetric violence was investigated in 296 patients treated during the immediate postpartum period. Sociodemographic variables, medical procedures during labor, friendly labor initiative, and delivery were investigated in the clinical record. Results: Verbal aggression was documented in 14.1% of the group, with the doctor being the most frequent aggressor, followed by nursing staff; however, aggression by other types of personnel was also documented. In 13.5% there was no evidence of empathy with the emotions of labor. Conclusions: A high frequency of obstetric violence was demonstrated, a partial improvement in the friendly delivery initiative and a high percentage of obstetric procedures that carry risks for the woman and the newborn.

Vulnerable newborn phenotypes in Peru: a population-based study of 3,841,531 births at national and subnational levels from 2012 to 2021.

Background: We aimed to examine the national and subnational prevalence of vulnerable newborn phenotypes in Peru, 2012-2021. Methods: Newborn phenotypes were defined using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight [LBW], non-LBW) using the Peruvian National Birth Registry as six (by excluding birthweight) and ten newborn phenotypes (using all three outcomes). Small phenotypes (with at least one classification of PT, SGA, or LBW) were further considered. Using individual-level data, we stratified the phenotypes by maternal educational level, maternal age, healthcare insurance, altitude of residence, and geographic region (Coast, Andes, and Amazon). Findings: The prevalence of the five vulnerable newborn phenotypes for the study period was LGA+T (15.2%), AGA+PT (5.2%), SGA+T (4.6%), LGA+PT (0.8%), and SGA+PT (0.7%). The Coast had a higher prevalence of newborns with large phenotypes (19.4%) and the Highlands a higher prevalence of newborns with small phenotypes (12.5%). Mothers with poor socioeconomic status, extreme ages and living at high altitude had a higher prevalence of newborns with small phenotypes, and mothers who were wealthier, more educated, and older had a higher prevalence of infants with large phenotypes. Interpretation: Our findings cautiously suggest that socioeconomic and geographic disparities may play a crucial role in shaping vulnerable newborn phenotypes at national and subnational level in Peru. Further studies using longitudinal data are needed to corroborate our findings and to identify individual-level risk factors. Funding: Ter Meulen Grant from the KNAW Medical Sciences Fund of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAWWF/1085/TMB406, KNAWWF/1327/TMB202116), Fogarty Program (D43TW011502).

Lessons from Peru to reduce under-5 mortality: understanding program implementation and context.

BACKGROUND: Health policymakers aiming to reduce under-5 mortality (U5M) often lack data regarding how successful interventions in other countries were implemented. The Exemplars in U5M Study identified countries that achieved significant reductions in amenable U5M. This case study in Peru used implementation research to explore the contextual factors and strategies that contributed to the successful implementation of key evidence-based interventions (EBIs). METHODS: This research utilized a hybrid implementation research framework and a mixed-methods approach to understand the factors associated with EBI implementation and the successful reduction of U5M between 2000-2015. A desk review of existing literature on EBIs and U5M in Peru was completed, and in-depth interviews were performed with key Peruvian informants to understand the implementation strategies employed and the contextual factors that facilitated or were barriers to success. For the purposes of this analysis, three EBIs were selected and evaluated: antenatal care visits (ANC), facility-based deliveries, and infant vaccination. RESULTS: Between 2000-2015, the percent of mothers attending at least four antenatal care visits rose from 69% to 96.9%, and the percent of facility-based deliveries increased from 56 to 91%. Three doses of the tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis vaccine, widely acknowledged as a key global health indicator, reached 90% by 2015. Key informants noted that economic growth, financial reforms, strong national commitment to reduce poverty in Peru, and national prioritization of maternal and child health, were important contextual factors that contributed to the successful reduction of U5M. They noted key strategies that helped achieve success during the implementation of EBIs, including utilization of data for decision-making, adaptation driven by cultural sensitivity to address gaps in coverage, and a focus on equity and anti-poverty initiatives with the participation of government, civil society, and political parties to assure continuity of policies. CONCLUSION: Several EBIs contributed to the successful reduction of U5M in Peru between 2000-2015. Strategies such as the focus on equity throughout the study period contributed to an increase in coverage of EBIs like ANC visits, facility-based deliveries and infant vaccination which worked to reduce U5M. Understanding how Peru successfully implemented programs that reduced preventable infant and child deaths could be useful to replicating this substantial public health success in other low- and middle-income countries.

Added value of video edutainment on android handsets in home visits to improve maternal and child health in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Secondary analysis from a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: A trial of evidence-based health promotion home visits to pregnant women and their spouses in northern Nigeria found significant improvements in maternal and child health outcomes. This study tested the added value for these outcomes of including video edutainment in the visits. Methods: In total, 19,718 households in three randomly allocated intervention wards (administrative areas) received home visits including short videos on android handsets to spark discussion about local risk factors for maternal and child health; 16,751 households in three control wards received visits with only verbal discussion about risk factors. We compared outcomes between wards with and without videos in the visits, calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of differences, in bivariate and then multivariate analysis adjusting for socio-economic differences between the video and non-video wards. Results: Pregnant women from video wards were more likely than those from non-video wards to have discussed pregnancy and childbirth often with their husbands (OR 2.22, 95%CI 1.07-4.59). Male spouses in video wards were more likely to know to give more fluids and continued feeding to a child with diarrhoea (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.21-2.13). For most outcomes there was no significant difference between video and non-video wards. The home visitors who shared videos considered they helped pregnant women and their spouses to appreciate the information about risk factors. Conclusion: The lack of added value of the videos in the context of a research study may reflect the intensive training of home visitors and the effective evidence-based discussions included in all the visits. Further research could rollout routine home visits with and without videos and test the impact of video edutainment added to home visits carried out in a routine service context.

Influence of sociodemographic and obstetric factors on maternal mortality in Brazil from 2011 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric causes are classified as direct (complications of pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium) or indirect (caused by pregnancy but not directly caused by it). This study aimed to analyze maternal mortality from obstetric causes in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. METHODS: This was an ecological study on mortality and live births. The outcomes were the specific risk of mortality from direct and indirect cause adjustment and death during pregnancy and the puerperium. Binary and multiple linear logistic regressions were used to assess the influence of sociodemographic factors and maternal and child health indicators on maternal mortality and time of death (pregnancy and puerperium). RESULTS: Regarding mortality during pregnancy and during the puerperium, increased (p = 0.003) and decreased (p = 0.004) mortality over the years, respectively; residing in the northern region was associated with lower (p < 0.05) and greater (p = 0.035) odds; and the Maternal Mortality Committee was the primary and least active source of investigation, respectively (p < 0.0001). The number of deaths from indirect causes increased with age (p < 0.001) and in the northern region (p = 0.011) and decreased in the white (< 0.05) and stable union (0.002) regions. Specifically, for mortality risk, the age group [women aged 15-19 years presented an increase in cesarean section (p < 0.001) was greater than that of women who had < 4 antenatal visits (p < 0.001)], education [women who completed high school (8 to 11 years) was greater when they had < 4 prenatal visits (p = 0.018)], and marital status [unmarried women had more than 4 antenatal visits (p < 0.001); cesarean birth (p = 0.010) and < 4 antenatal visits (p = 0.009) were predictors of marriage; and women in a stable union who had < 4 prenatal visits and live births to teenage mothers (p < 0.001) were predictors]. Women who had no education (p = 0.003), were divorced (p = 0.036), had cesarean deliveries (p < 0.012), or lived in the north or northeast (p < 0.008) had higher indirect specific mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic factors and maternal and child health indicators were related to different patterns of obstetric mortality. Obstetric mortality varied by region, marital status, race, delivery, prenatal care, and cause of death.

Itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Therapeutic itineraries of quilombola women in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo Os quilombolas são grupos étnico-raciais de ancestralidade negra e tiveram seus territórios consolidados no Brasil em regiões com acesso difícil e distante dos grandes centros. O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer o itinerário terapêutico (IT) adotado por mulheres quilombolas em comunidades tradicionais localizadas no norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa com o modelo teórico utilizando o sistema de cuidados à saúde de Arthur Kleinman. O estudo se deu em 23 comunidades quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram entrevistadas 40 mulheres quilombolas, com idades entre 25 e 89 anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os IT. Emergiram unidades de análise que foram agrupadas em três categorias: as mulheres quilombolas e o significado da saúde e do cuidado; o sistema de cuidado profissional nas comunidades quilombolas; e itinerário de cuidados nas situações vivenciadas pelas mulheres. O itinerário terapêutico das comunidades se mostra relacionado principalmente às ações de medicina popular. Foi possível observar ainda que existem fragilidades em relação à atenção à saúde devido a fatores como dificuldade de acesso aos serviços institucionalizados.

Abstract Quilombolas are ethnic-racial groups, of black ancestry, and had their territories consolidated in Brazil in regions with difficult access and far from large centers. The objective of this study is to know the therapeutic itinerary (IT) adopted by quilombola women in traditional communities located in the North of the state of Minas Gerais. This is a qualitative study with the theoretical model using the Arthur Kleinman health care system. The study scenario was 23 quilombola communities in northern Minas Gerais. Forty quilombola women aged between 25 and 89 years were interviewed. Data analysis was performed following the IT. Units of analysis emerged that were grouped into three categories: quilombola women and the meaning of health and care; the professional care system in quilombola communities; and route of care in situations experienced by women. The therapeutic itinerary of the communities is mainly related to the actions of popular medicine. It was also possible to observe that there are weaknesses in relation to health care due to factors such as difficulty of access to institutionalized services.

Fatores associados ao aleitamento materno ao nascer em maternidades vinculadas à Rede Cegonha, Brasil, 2016-2017 / Factors associated with breastfeeding at birth in maternity hospitals linked to the Rede Cegonha, Brazil, 2016-2017

Resumo O aleitamento materno (AM) é um direito humano e deve ser iniciado desde o nascimento. A adequação das estratégias da Rede Cegonha (RC) pode contribuir na promoção do AM. O objetivo foi identificar os fatores associados ao AM na primeira e nas 24 horas de nascidos vivos a termo em maternidades vinculadas à RC. Estudo transversal com dados do segundo ciclo avaliativo 2016-2017 da RC, que abrangeu todo o Brasil. Foram obtidas razões de chance por meio de regressão logística binária segundo modelo hierarquizado, com intervalos de confiança a 95% e p-valor < 0,01. A prevalência de AM na primeira hora foi de 31%, e nas 24 horas, de 96,6%. Aumentaram as chances de AM na primeira hora: presença de acompanhante na internação, contato pele a pele, parto vaginal, assistência ao parto por enfermeira e acreditação da unidade na Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança. Resultados semelhantes nas 24 horas, e associação com idade materna inferior a 20 anos. O AM na primeira hora foi menos satisfatório do que nas 24h, provavelmente pela elevada prevalência de cesariana, fator associado à menor chance de AM precoce. A capacitação dos profissionais sobre AM de forma contínua e a presença de enfermeiro obstetra no parto são recomendadas para ampliar o AM na primeira hora.

Abstract Breastfeeding (BF) is a human right, and it must start from birth. The adequacy of Rede Cegonha (RC) strategies can contribute to the promotion of BF. The objective was to identify factors associated with BF in the first and 24 hours of live births at full-term maternity hospitals linked to CR. Cross-sectional study with data from the second evaluation cycle 2016-2017 of the RC that covered all of Brazil. Odds ratios were obtained through binary logistic regression according to a hierarchical model, with 95% confidence intervals and p-value < 0.01. The prevalence of BF in the first hour was 31% and in the 24 hours 96.6%. The chances of BF in the first hour increased: presence of a companion during hospitalization, skin-to-skin contact, vaginal delivery, delivery assistance by a nurse and accreditation of the unit in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Similar results at 24 hours, and association with maternal age below 20 years. BF in the first hour was less satisfactory than in the 24 hours, probably due to the high prevalence of cesarean sections, a factor associated with a lower chance of early BF. Continuous training of professionals about BF and the presence of an obstetric nurse during childbirth are recommended to expand BF in the first hour.

Breastfeeding at discharge and in the third stage of the Kangaroo Mother Care among hospitalized preterm infants / Lactancia materna al alta y en la tercera etapa del Método Madre Canguro en recién nacidos prematuros hospitalizados / Aleitamento materno na alta e na terceira etapa do Método Canguru entre recém-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the type of feeding and analyze the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge, in the first and in the last follow-up visit of the third stage of the Kangaroo Mother Care among infants admitted to the kangaroo unit. Method: Longitudinal and retrospective study. A total of 186 infants of gestational age <37 weeks admitted to the kangaroo unit in 2018 and 2019 was included. Data collected from medical records and subjected to inferential analysis and the Poisson regression model (P < 0.05). Results: Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 73.1% at discharge, with a drop at the last follow-up visit (68.1%). At discharge, there was a greater probability of exclusive breastfeeding in younger mothers, with higher education, infants born with higher birth weight and who received exclusive human milk during hospitalization; in the first follow-up visit, in a younger mother and infant who received only human milk during hospitalization; and in the last follow-up visit, a young mother, infant who received only human milk and suckled at the breast for the first time in the kangaroo unit. Conclusion: Most infants hospitalized in the second stage of the Kangaroo Mother Care were exclusively breastfed and presented maternal and clinical factors related to breastfeeding. This fact can help manage the challenges of the method and promote breastfeeding.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el tipo de alimentación y analizar los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados a la lactancia materna exclusiva al alta hospitalaria, en el primero y en la última visita de seguimiento de la tercera etapa del Método Madre Canguro entre los recién nacidos ingresados en la unidad canguro. Método: Estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 186 neonatos en edad gestacional <37 semanas ingresados en la unidad canguro en 2018 y 2019. Datos recopilados de historias clínicas sometidas a análisis inferencial y modelo de regresión de Poisson (p < 0,05). Resultados: La tasa de lactancia materna exclusiva fue del 73,1% al alta, con descenso en la última visita de seguimiento (68,1%). Al alta hubo mayor probabilidad de lactancia materna exclusiva en madres más jóvenes, con mayor escolaridad, recién nacidos con mayor peso al nacer y que recibieron leche materna exclusiva durante la internación; en la primera visita de seguimiento, en una madre más joven y un recién nacido que recibió únicamente leche materna durante la hospitalización; y en la última visita de seguimiento, una madre joven, recién nacido que recibió sólo leche humana y con la primera succión del pecho en la unidad canguro. Conclusión: La mayoría de los recién nacidos hospitalizados en la segunda etapa del Método Madre Canguro fueron amamantados exclusivamente y presentaron factores maternos y médicos relacionados con la lactancia materna, que pueden ayudar a gestionar los desafíos del método y promover la lactancia materna.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o tipo de alimentação e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados ao aleitamento exclusivo na alta hospitalar, no primeiro e no último retorno da terceira etapa do Método Canguru entre neonatos internados na unidade canguru. Método: Estudo longitudinal e retrospectivo. Incluídos 186 neonatos com idade gestacional <37 semanas admitidos na unidade canguru em 2018 e 2019. Dados coletados do prontuário submetidos à análise inferencial e ao modelo de regressão Poisson (p < 0,05). Resultados: Taxa de aleitamento exclusivo foi de 73,1% na alta, com queda no último retorno (68,1%). Na alta, houve maior probabilidade de aleitamento exclusivo em mãe mais jovem, com escolaridade superior, neonato nascido com maior peso e que recebeu leite humano exclusivo durante internação; no primeiro retorno, em mãe mais jovem e neonato que recebeu apenas leite humano na internação; e no último retorno, mãe jovem, neonato que recebeu apenas leite humano e com primeira sucção na mama na unidade canguru. Conclusão: A maioria dos neonatos internados na segunda etapa do Método Canguru estava em aleitamento exclusivo e apresentou fatores maternos e clínicos relacionados ao aleitamento, podendo auxiliar no manejo dos desafios do método e na promoção da amamentação.

Da Rede Cegonha à Rami: tensões entre paradigmas de atenção ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal / From the 'Rede Cegonha' to 'RAMI': tensions between paradigms of maternal and infant health care

RESUMO Em abril de 2022, o Ministério da Saúde publicou a Portaria GM/MS nº 715, que altera a Portaria de Consolidação GM/MS nº 3, de 28 de setembro de 2017, com o objetivo de instituir a Rede de Atenção à Saúde Materna e Infantil (Rami). Tendo em vista a preexistência da Rede Cegonha, também voltada a essa parcela da população, objetivou-se analisar os modelos de atenção ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal intrínsecos a cada um dos métodos de estruturação organizacional adotados. Para tanto, utilizou-se, como referencial teórico-metodológico, a pesquisa com práticas discursivas, o que possibilitou identificar os repertórios relativos a três categorias predefinidas: os sujeitos, os locais e os agentes da assistência. Na análise, puderam-se observar diferenças paradigmáticas entre as duas redes de atenção. A partir de tais distinções, concluiu-se que a Rede Cegonha está fundamentada em uma concepção de gestação e parto como eventos normais da vida sexual e reprodutiva, enquanto a Rami se estrutura por meio da ênfase no risco, propondo um modelo centrado no hospital e na figura do médico.

ABSTRACT In April 2022, the Ministry of Health published the Ordinance No 715, aiming to establish the new Maternal and Infant Health Care Network (RAMI). Having in mind the pre-existence of an organized network to protect and promote maternal and infant health (Rede Cegonha), we aimed to analyze the models of care intrinsic to each of them. For this purpose, we used the research with discursive practices as a theoretical-methodological framework, identifying repertoires regarding three predefined categories: subjects, places, and agents of care. In our analysis, we could observe paradigmatic differences between the two health care networks. From such distinctions, we conclude that the 'Rede Cegonha' is based on a conception of pregnancy and childbirth as normal events of sexual and reproductive life, whereas 'RAMI' is structured through an emphasis on risk, which results in a model of care centered on the doctor and the hospital as a privileged location for childbirth.

Aleitamento materno exclusivo entre pessoas em situação de cárcere: abordagem interseccional e abolicionista para análise da produção científica no Brasil entre 2000 e 2022 / Exclusive breastfeeding among people in prison: an intersectional and abolitionist approach to analyzing scientific production in Brazil from 2000 to 2022

Resumo No Brasil, houve crescimento descontrolado do encarceramento feminino, sendo que não se interrompe essa situação em períodos de gravidez ou lactação. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo com objetivo de mapear e sintetizar sistematicamente evidências, publicadas a partir do ano 2000, sobre a prática de aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) entre pessoas em situação de cárcere no Brasil. A interseccionalidade e o abolicionismo penal foram as abordagens teórico-metodológicas utilizadas para análise dos artigos. Ao todo, 25 estudos foram selecionados, sendo 90% publicados entre 2010 e 2020. No âmbito de saúde materno-infantil, eles expuseram principalmente as dificuldades de manter o AME no cárcere, incluindo a indefinição de um período mínimo de estadia do bebê, a falta de orientação profissional à prática de AME e a estrutura inadequada das unidades prisionais. Na área do direito, os estudos relataram tensões entre a ordem disciplinar e o irredutível direito humano das crianças à alimentação. Os estudos focalizaram a investigação na vivência das mães, porém não questionaram as formas práticas e históricas do aprisionamento, em especial sobre corpos negros, femininos e pobres. Abordagens críticas e propositivas são necessárias à produção de evidências para a garantia de direitos à saúde e à alimentação.

Abstract In Brazil, there has been an uncontrolled increase in incarceration of women, and this situation is not interrupted during periods of pregnancy or lactation. A scoping review was carried out to systematically map and synthesize evidence published since 2000 on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among imprisoned people in Brazil. Intersectionality and penal abolitionism were the theoretical-methodological approaches used to analyze the studies. A total of 25 studies were selected, 90% of which were published from 2010 to 2020. In the context of maternal and child health, they mainly exposed the difficulties of maintaining EBF in prison, including the lack of definition of a minimum period of stay for the baby, the lack of professional guidance for the practice of EBF, and the inadequate structure of prison units. In the area of law, the studies reported tensions between the disciplinary order and children's irreducible human right to food. The studies focused the investigation on the mothers' experiences, but did not question the practical and historical forms of imprisonment, especially regarding Black, female, and poor bodies. Critical and propositional approaches are necessary to produce evidence toward the guarantee of rights to health and food.

Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months of age in full-term newborns during the pandemic and factors associated with early weaning / Prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo até seis meses de vida em bebês nascidos a termo em período da pandemia e fatores associados ao desmame precoce

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months old in full-term newborns at a public hospital and the main factors associated with early weaning, during the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional study with 98 mothers of full-term babies, conducted from January to August 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants answered two structured questionnaires. One was applied immediately after childbirth, with questions on identification and socioeconomic data, obstetric-gynecological background, and current pregnancy and childbirth. The second questionnaire, applied 6 months after childbirth, had questions about the child's feeding status. Statistical tests were used to associate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months old and other variables, at the 5% significance level. Results: 16.3% of the babies were exclusively breastfeeding until the sixth month, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the public hospital where the study was carried out. Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months old was not associated with the study variables. Conclusion: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month in full-term babies, in a public hospital, during the COVID-19 pandemic, was 16.3%. None of the variables analyzed was associated with early weaning.

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de vida em bebês nascidos a termo em um hospital público e os principais fatores associados ao desmame precoce em período de pandemia causada pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, realizado com 98 mães de bebês a termo, no período de janeiro a agosto de 2021, intervalo marcado pela pandemia da COVID-19. As participantes responderam a dois questionários, um no pós-parto imediato, com questões de identificação e socioeconômicas, antecedentes gineco-obstétricos, gestação e parto atual; e, o segundo, seis meses após o parto, continha questões sobre a situação alimentar da criança. Para verificar a associação entre a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de vida e as demais variáveis foram aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher, Qui-quadrado de comparações múltiplas e Teste T, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: 16,3% dos lactentes encontravam-se em aleitamento materno exclusivo no sexto mês, no período da pandemia da COVID-19, no hospital público onde o estudo foi realizado. Não houve associação entre o aleitamento materno exclusivo aos seis meses de vida e as variáveis pesquisadas. Conclusão: a prevalência de amamentação exclusiva no sexto mês em bebês nascidos a termo em um hospital público, durante a pandemia da COVID-19, foi de 16,3% e nenhuma das variáveis analisadas apresentou associação com o desmame precoce.

Impacto da condição bucal de crianças/adolescentes com paralisia cerebral sobre a a qualidade de vida familiar: resiliência materna e outros fatores associados / Impact of the oral condition of children/adolescents with cerebral palsy on family quality of life: maternal resilience and other associated factors

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o impacto da condição bucal de crianças/adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) sobre a qualidade de vida familiar considerando a resiliência materna e outros fatores associados. Foi desenvolvido um estudo transversal observacional com grupo de comparação com uma amostra de 204 crianças/adolescentes, sendo 102 com PC e 102 sem PC, na faixa etária de 3 a 18 anos e as respectivas mães. Os participantes foram selecionados em um curso de odontologia de uma instituição de ensino privada de São Paulo, região sudeste do Brasil. As mães responderam um questionário estruturado com questões abordando aspectos individuais, sociodemográficos e comportamentais sobre elas e sobre as crianças/adolescentes. Também responderam a Escala de Resiliência e um instrumento sobre o impacto da condição bucal dos filhos na qualidade de vida familiar (Family impact scale-FIS). Foi realizado o exame bucal das crianças/adolescentes, sendo identificada a prevalência de cárie (componente C/c do índice CPOD/ceod) e a qualidade da higiene bucal (Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado-IHOS). O modelo teórico de Gráfico Acíclico Direto (DAG) foi utilizado para identificar possíveis variáveis de confusão. As análises univariada, bivariada (teste X2) e multivariada (regressão logística) foram realizadas, considerando-se um intervalo de confiança de 95%. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul. A média de idade das crianças/adolescentes foi de 9,5 anos (±4.6) e a mediana de 9 anos. A chance de mães de crianças/adolescentes diagnosticadas com PC pertencerem ao grupo classificado com impacto alto da condição bucal dos filhos sobre a qualidade de vida familiar foi quase 40 vezes maior (OR=38,93; IC 95%: 10,22- 48,19). Crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados com pelo menos uma lesão de cárie cavitada (OR=4,41; IC 95%: 1,01-19,55) e renda familiar baixa (OR=4,45; IC 95%: 1,07-18,51) tiveram suas mães com uma chance aproximadamente 4 vezes maior de pertencerem ao grupo com impacto alto da condição bucal dos filhos sobre a qualidade de vida familiar. Mães classificadas com resiliência baixa apresentaram uma chance 3,82 vezes maior de estarem no grupo de mães com impacto alto da condição bucal das crianças/adolescentes sobre a qualidade de vida familiar (OR=3,82; IC 95%: 1,10-13,32). A partir desse estudo foi possível concluir que um maior impacto da condição bucal dos filhos sobre a qualidade de vida familiar foi identificado entre mães classificadas com resiliência baixa e filhos diagnosticados com PC, cárie dentária e renda familiar baixa. Desta forma, ao se pensar em estratégias para assistir e tratar de pacientes com PC, é importante que o profissional considere os fatores psicossociais, incluindo o núcleo familiar em que esses pacientes vivem.

The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the oral condition of children/adolescents with cerebral palsy (PC) on family quality of life considering maternal resilience and other associated factors. The observational cross-sectional study with a comparison group was developed with a sample of 204 children/adolescents (102 with CP and 102 without CP), between the ages of 3 and 18 years and their respective mothers. The participants were selected in a private dentistry school in São Paulo, Southeast region of Brazil. The mothers responded to a questionnaire structured with items regarding individual, sociodemographic and behavioral aspects about them and the children. They also responded to the Resilience Scale and an instrument about the impact of the oral condition of children on family quality of life (Family impact scale-FIS). An oral examination was carried out on the children/adolescents, investigating the the prevalence of caries (component D/d of the DMFT/dmft index) and the quality of oral hygiene (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index). The theoretical model Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) was utilized to identify possible confounding variables. The univariable, bivariable (X2 test) and multivariable (logistic regression) were carried out considering a confidence interval of 95%. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul. The average age of the children/adolescents was 9,5 years (±4.6) and the median was 9 years old. The chance of mothers of children/adolescents diagnosed with CP belonging to the group classified with high impact of the child's oral health on the family quality of life was almost 40 times higher (OR=38.93; CI 95%: 10.22-148.19). Children and adolescents diagnosed with at least one cavity (OR=4.41; CI 95%: 1.01-19.55) and low family income (OR=4.45; CI 95%: 1.07-18.51) had their mothers with a chance approximately 4 times higher of belonging the the group with high impact of the child's oral health on the family quality of life. Mothers classified with low resilience have a 3.83 times higher chance of being in the group of mothers with high impact of the child's oral health on the family quality of life (OR=3.82; CI 95%: 1.10-13.32). It was possible to conclude from this study that a higher impact of the children's oral health on the family quality of life was identified among mothers classified with low resilience and children diagnosed with CP, dental caries and low family income. Thus, thinking of strategies to take care of patients with CP, it is important for the professional to consider psychosocial factors, including the family nucleus in which these patients live.

Health professionals' perceptions of planned home birth care within the Brazilian health system.

BACKGROUND: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, in its opinion of the Committee on Midwifery Practice, points out that planned home birth is a woman's and family's right to experience, but also to choose and be informed about, their baby's place of birth. The aim of this study was to understand obstetric nurses' perceptions of planned home childbirth care within the framework of the Brazilian obstetric model. METHOD: A qualitative study, with Snowball Sampling recruitment, totaling 20 obstetric nurses through semi-structured interviews between September 2022 and January 2023, remotely, using the Google Meet application and the recording feature. After the data had been collected, the material was transcribed in full and subjected to content analysis in the thematic modality with the support of ATLAS.ti 8.0 software. RESULTS: Obstetric care at home emerged as a counterpoint to hospital care and the biomedical model, providing care at home based on scientific evidence and humanization, bringing qualified information as a facilitator of access and financial costs as an obstacle to effective home birth. CONCLUSION: Understanding obstetric nurses' perceptions of planned home birth care in the context of the Brazilian obstetric model shows the need for progress as a public policy and for strategies to ensure quality and regulation.

Congenital syphilis in Roraima and Venezuelan migration: analysis of cases at the state maternity hospital in the 2017/2018 and 2020/2021 biennia / Sífilis congênita em Roraima e a migração venezuelana: análise de casos na maternidade estadual nos biênios 2017/2018 e 2020/2021 / Sífilis congénita en Roraima y migración venezolana: análisis de casos en la maternidad estatal en los bienios 2017/2018 y 2020/2021

Background and objectives: in 2017 and 2018, Roraima experienced the most significant increase in congenital syphilis incidence rates among all federal units. This phenomenon occurred in parallel with the significant Venezuelan migration to the region. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the increase in cases of congenital syphilis registered at the Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth and the Venezuelan migratory crisis. Methods: this is a document-based, descriptive research, covering the 2017/2018 and 2020/2021 periods, developed from data collected in copies of congenital syphilis report/investigation forms from the hospital. Results: in the 2017/2018 biennium, the peak of Venezuelan migration in Roraima, fewer cases of syphilis occurred than when the migratory flow declined. In the 2020/2021 biennium, there was a decrease in the migratory flow due to the closing of the border and the acceleration of the interiorization process. Although it is the period with the highest number of reports of congenital syphilis among Venezuelan mothers, the percentage is considerably lower than that recorded among Brazilian women. The incidence rate was higher among the group of Brazilian mothers (7.5/1,000 live births, in the 2017/2018 period, and 11.5/1,000 live births, in the 2020/2021 period). Conclusion: Venezuelan migration, although it may have eventually exerted some influence on the total number of cases of congenital syphilis, cannot be considered the determining factor for the increase in cases of the disease in the hospital in the defined period, and other factors deserve to be assessed as decisive in this case.(AU)

Justificativa e objetivos: em 2017 e 2018, Roraima apresentou o aumento mais significativo nas taxas de incidência de sífilis congênita entre todas as unidades federativas. Este fenômeno ocorreu paralelamente à significativa migração venezuelana para a região. O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre o aumento de casos de sífilis congênita registrados no Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth e a crise migratória venezuelana. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, descritiva, abrangendo os períodos 2017/2018 e 2020/2021, desenvolvida a partir de dados coletados em cópias de fichas de notificação/investigação de sífilis congênita do hospital. Resultados: no biênio 2017/2018, pico da migração venezuelana em Roraima, ocorreram menos casos de sífilis do que quando o fluxo migratório diminuiu. No biénio 2020/2021, registou-se uma diminuição do fluxo migratório devido ao encerramento da fronteira e à aceleração do processo de interiorização. Embora seja o período com maior número de notificações de sífilis congênita entre mães venezuelanas, o percentual é consideravelmente inferior ao registrado entre as brasileiras. A taxa de incidência foi maior entre o grupo de mães brasileiras (7,5/1.000 nascidos vivos, no período 2017/2018, e 11,5/1.000 nascidos vivos, no período 2020/2021). Conclusão: A migração venezuelana, embora possa eventualmente ter exercido alguma influência no total de casos de sífilis congênita, não pode ser considerada o fator determinante para o aumento de casos da doença no hospital no período definido, e outros fatores merecem ser destacados. ser considerada decisiva neste caso.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos: en 2017 y 2018, Roraima experimentó el aumento más significativo en las tasas de incidencia de sífilis congénita entre todas las unidades federales. Este fenómeno se produjo en paralelo con la importante migración venezolana a la región. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre el aumento de casos de sífilis congénita registrados en el Hospital Materno Infantil Nossa Senhora de Nazareth y la crisis migratoria venezolana. Métodos: se trata de una investigación descriptiva, documental, que abarca los períodos 2017/2018 y 2020/2021, desarrollada a partir de datos recolectados en copias de formularios de informe/investigación de sífilis congénita del hospital. Resultados: en el bienio 2017/2018, pico de migración venezolana en Roraima, ocurrieron menos casos de sífilis que cuando el flujo migratorio disminuyó. En el bienio 2020/2021 se produjo una disminución del flujo migratorio debido al cierre de fronteras y la aceleración del proceso de interiorización. Si bien es el período con mayor número de reportes de sífilis congénita entre madres venezolanas, el porcentaje es considerablemente menor que el registrado entre las mujeres brasileñas. La tasa de incidencia fue mayor entre el grupo de madres brasileñas (7,5/1.000 nacidos vivos, en el período 2017/2018, y 11,5/1.000 nacidos vivos, en el período 2020/2021). Conclusión: La migración venezolana, si bien eventualmente pudo haber ejercido alguna influencia en el número total de casos de sífilis congénita, no puede considerarse el factor determinante del aumento de casos de la enfermedad en el hospital en el período definido, y otros factores merecen ser considerados. considerarse decisivo en este caso.(AU)