Educador suficientemente bom: uma releitura winnicottiana dos indicadores do IRDI / Good enough caregiver: IRDI methodology indicators as read from Winnicott / Educador suficientemente bueno: una relectura winnicottiana de los indicadores del IRDI

Este artigo aborda o conceito de educador suficientemente bom. Tal construção teórica parte da releitura winnicottiana dos indicadores da metodologia IRDI (Indicadores de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil). Assim, buscar-se-á compreender de que maneiras os educadores dos berçários e maternais auxiliam a dar andamento aos processos do amadurecimento dos bebês dos quais cuidam, utilizando-se, para isso, da teoria do amadurecimento proposta pelo psicanalista inglês D. W. Winnicott. Compreende-se que os profissionais das creches contribuem de forma importante para a constituição psíquica dos bebês, pois proporcionam continuidade aos principais processos desta: integração, personalização e capacidade para relacionamentos. Nesse sentido, esses educadores, quando atuando de maneira suficientemente boa, proporcionam continuidade e suplência ao papel do cuidador primordial, na maioria das vezes, exercido pela figura materna. Considerando o potencial constitutivo do fazer dos educadores de berçários e maternais, evidencia-se a necessidade e a relevância de propostas de formação especializadas para esses profissionais.

This paper addresses the concept of a good enough caregiver. Such notion is based on the view of IRDI (Clinical Risk Indicators for Child Development) methodology indicators according to Winnicott's approach. We seek to understand in what ways daycare children caregivers facilitate the maturational processes of the babies they care for, based on D. W. Winnicott's theory of emotional development. It is understood that daycare centres caregivers play a significant role in the psychic constitution of babies, considering they provide an extension to processes such as integration, personalization and socialization. When acting out in a good enough manner, they help to create a sense of continuity and their role substitutes that of the babies’ primordial caregiver, often performed by the mother figure. Because their work has a potentially constitutive role in children’s lives, it becomes clear not only that these professionals need specialized training, but how relevant this training is.

Este artículo intenta abordar el concepto de un educador suficientemente bueno. Esta noción se basa en los indicadores de la metodología IRDI (Indicadores de riesgo clínico en el desarrollo infantil) según propone Winnicott. Por lo tanto, buscamos comprender de qué manera los educadores de guarderías y otros centros de educación infantil facilitan los procesos de maduración de los bebés a los que cuidan, según la teoría del desarrollo emocional de D. W. Winnicott. Se entiende que los educadores de guarderías desempeñan un papel importante en la constitución psíquica de los bebés ya que proporcionan una extensión de sus procesos tales como la integración, la personalización y la socialización. Así, esos educadores cuando actúan de manera suficientemente buena, ayudan a crear un sentido de continuidad y suplencia al papel del cuidador primordial de los bebés, a menudo realizado por la figura de la madre. Teniendo en cuenta que su trabajo tiene potencialmente un papel constitutivo en la vida de los niños, quedan claras la necesidad y la relevancia de una capacitación especializada para estos profesionales.

Morphogenesis timing of genetically programmed brain malformations in relation to epilepsy.

Cerebral malformations are best understood as abnormal tissue morphogenesis in the context of disorders of ontogenesis. In neuroembryology, the timing of onset and duration of abnormal genetic expression and neurodevelopmental processes are primordial and must always be assessed, regardless whether the dysgenesis is primarily genetic in origin or acquired in utero due to ischemia, fetal infarcts that interrupt cellular migration or exposure to teratogenic drugs or neurotoxins. Defective timing interferes with the synchrony between different developmental processes, such as synaptogenesis in relation to other aspects of neuronal maturation. Timing may be delay or arrest development at an immature stage or may be precocious but asynchronous with other developmental features. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) types 1 and 3 may be arrested maturation of the radial microcolumnar neocortical architecture that is normal in the first half of gestation, without the expected transition to a horizontal or tangential laminar cortical architecture in the second half. Lack of lamination in either the vertical or horizontal planes may be due to defective extracellular adhesion molecules that cause detachment of migratory neuroblasts from their radial glial guide fibers, to enable recently arriving neuroblasts to bypass those already in place within the cortical plate for the programmed inside-out neuronal arrangement. FCD type 2 has a different pathogenesis. The megalocytic and dysmorphic neurons may result from somatic mutations of some, but not all, neuronal precursors in the periventricular region. FCD2 and hemimegalencephaly (HME) may have the same pathogenesis, the principal difference being timing of onset within the 33 mitotic cycles of the periventricular neuroepithelium to exponentially produce the total neuronal population of the cerebral cortex: if the mutation occurs during the late mitotic cycles, FCD2 results as a small dysgenesis; if the mutation occurs in the early mitotic cycles, the distribution of abnormal neurons is more extensive and HME may result. Why some cerebral malformations are more epileptogenic than others, despite similar histological features, remains enigmatic but probably involves differences in synaptic circuitry among individual cases.

Neurose e sexualidade: o caso Hesta e a visão winnicottianaessários / Neurosis and sexuality: the case Hesta and the Winnicott's approach

O artigo faz algumas articulações teóricas entre sexualidade e neurose, tal como formuladas por Winnicott. Uma vez que essas questões adquirem clareza especial nos textos nos quais ele apresenta seus casos, foi escolhido o caso Hesta para servir de fio condutor para essas considerações. O texto fará referência às diferenças de concepção relativas a esses temas entre Winnicott e Freud, mas buscará, sobretudo, explicitar a teoria e a clínica de Winnicott quando diante de um caso de neurose.(AU)

The article makes some theoretical links between sexuality and neurosis as formulated by Winnicott. Once these issues acquire special clarity in the texts in which he presents his cases, the case Hesta was chosen as a guide to these considerations. The text will refer to the design differences on these issues between Freud and Winnicott, but above all seek to explain the theory and practice of Winnicott when faced with a case of neurosis.(AU)