Fotofobia intercrítica en el paciente migrañoso. Propuesta de criterios diagnósticos / Intercritical photophobia in the migraineous patient. Proposal for diagnostic criteria

Introducción: La fotofobia es un síntoma de intolerancia anómala a la luz sin sensación de dolor que requiere de una anamnesis y una exploración para el diagnóstico de una etiología subyacente.Procedimiento básico: El presente artículo se centra en 30 casos clínicos con fotofobia intensa aislada y su revisión de la bibliografía. Objetivo: El objetivo consiste en establecer unos criterios diagnósticos de la fotofobia. Resultados: La etiología de la fotofobia parece encontrarse a nivel de las células ganglionares de la retina intrínsecamente fotosensibles, conocidas como las células de la melanopsina, y a un nivel neuroquímico mediado por el péptido relacionado con la calcitonina y el péptido pituitario activador de la ciclasa. Conclusión: El tratamiento de la fotofobia podría consistir en anticuerpos monoclonales contra los péptidos relacionados con la calcitonina y/o el péptido pituitario activador de la ciclasa.(AU)

Introduction: Photophobia is a symptom of abnormal light intolerance without pain sensation that requires an anamnesis and an examination to diagnose an underlying etiology. Basic procedure: This article focuses on 30 clinical cases with isolated intense photophobia and on the review of the literature. Objective: The purpose of this article is to establish diagnostic criteria for photophobia. Results: The etiology of photophobia appears to be at the level of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells known as melanopsin cells and at a neurochemical level mediated by calcitonin-related peptide and the pituitary activating peptide cyclase. Conclusion: The treatment of photophobia could consist of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin-related peptide and/or pituitary activating peptide cyclase.(AU)

Intercritical photophobia in the migrainous patient. Proposal for diagnostic criteria.

INTRODUCTION: Photophobia is a symptom of abnormal light intolerance without pain sensation that requires an anamnesis and an examination to diagnose an underlying etiology. BASIC PROCEDURE: This article focuses on 30 clinical cases with isolated intense photophobia and on the review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to establish diagnostic criteria for photophobia. RESULTS: The etiology of photophobia appears to be at the level of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells known as melanopsin cells and at a neurochemical level mediated by calcitonin-related peptide and the pituitary activating peptide cyclase. CONCLUSION: The treatment of photophobia could consist of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin-related peptide and/or pituitary activating peptide cyclase.

Melatonin and melanopsin in the eye: friends or foes? / Melatonina y melanopsina en el ojo: ¿amigos o enemigos?

La Melatonina es una neurohormona sintetizada en varias estructuras oculares, aparte de su fuente original, la glándula pineal. Es de gran importancia por varias funciones, como el mantenimiento de valores saludables de presión intraocular. Además, disminuye la presión intraocular en el caso de glaucoma. Esta nuerohormona se controla mediante la activación de un fotopigmento responsable de las tareas no relacionada con la formación de imágenes en el ojo, este fotopigmento es la Melanopsina, presente en una subclase de células ganglionares de la retina y, muy recientemente, se descubrió en diferentes estructuras oculares. Cuando la melanopsina se activa por el componente de longitud de onda corta de la luz, suprime la síntesis de melatonina. Esta acción está controlada principalmente por la luz que podría afectar varias funciones, incluida la regulación de la presión intraocular. En este sentido, el presente trabajo destaca la historia y la importancia de la relación entre la melatonina y la melanopsina para mantener una homeostasis ocular saludable. (AU)

Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized in several ocular structures apart from its original source, the pineal gland. It is of great importance in several functions such as maintaining a healthy values of intraocular pressure. Moreover, it decreases intraocular pressure in the case of glaucoma. This nuerohormone is controlled by the activation of a photopigment responible for non-image forming tasks in the eye, this photopigment is Melanopsin, present in a subclass of retinal ganglion cells, and very recently, it was discovered in different ocular structures. When Melanopsin is activated by the short wavelength component of light, it supresses Melatonin synthesis. This action is controlled mainly by light could affect several functions including the regulation of intraocular pressure. In this sense, the present work highlights the history and importance of the relationship between both Melatonin and Melanopsin to maintain a healthy ocular homeostasis. (AU)

Intercritical photophobia in the migraineous patient. Proposal for diagnostic criteria. / Fotofobia intercrítica en el paciente migrañoso. Propuesta de criterios diagnósticos.

INTRODUCTION: Photophobia is a symptom of abnormal light intolerance without pain sensation that requires an anamnesis and an examination to diagnose an underlying etiology. BASIC PROCEDURE: This article focuses on 30 clinical cases with isolated intense photophobia and on the review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to establish diagnostic criteria for photophobia. RESULTS: The etiology of photophobia appears to be at the level of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells known as melanopsin cells and at a neurochemical level mediated by calcitonin-related peptide and the pituitary activating peptide cyclase. CONCLUSION: The treatment of photophobia could consist of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin-related peptide and/or pituitary activating peptide cyclase.