Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Yoga como terapia complementaria para el Adulto Mayor / Yoga as a complementary therapy for older adult

Introducción: El yoga es una actividad que trata de un ejercicio el cual contiene una intensidad baja a moderada, la cual no se centra exclusivamente en el entrenamiento físico, sino que también en el desarrollo de la mente y el espíritu de uno mismo. El yoga puede obtener un mayor impacto en el equilibrio y en la ganancia de fuerza de la parte superior del cuerpo, además, demuestra mejora en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad. Metodología: El enfoque de desarrollo fue de tipo cuantitativo en donde se realizó una revisión sistemática como metodología de búsqueda de información, relacionada al yoga como una terapia complementaria y los beneficios que éste aportaba al bienestar de las personas mayores. Resultados: En cada uno de los ensayos controlados aleatorizados que fueron recabados para fines de esta revisión sistemática. Se destaca la importancia y los beneficios del yoga en la movilidad, fuerza, flexibilidad y espiritualidad de los usuarios que practican esta terapia. Discusión: Los artículos analizados pertenecen a ensayos clínicos o estudios aleatorizados, los cuales permitieron responder de manera efectiva a nuestra pregunta de investigación, la cual consiste en reconocer si el yoga es efectivo para disminuir el riesgo de dependencia funcional y eliminar hábitos que no son saludables para las personas mayores, además de mejorar la calidad de vida actual. Gracias a ello se pudo evidenciar que esta terapia en adultos mayores genera cambios positivos respecto a estado y condición física, la ejecución de esta práctica mejora la calidad de vida en un 80% Conclusión: La yoga como terapia complementaria si entrega beneficios en la calidad de vida de la población adulta mayor, dado que, que hubo una mejora tanto en la movilidad, calidad de vida y autovalencia de los adultos mayores[AU]

Introduction: Yoga is an activity that deals with a low to moderate intensity exercise, which is not exclusively focused on physical training, but also on the development of the mind and spirit itself. Yoga may have a greater impact on balance and upper body strength gains, and have shown improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility. Methodology:the development approach was of a quantitative type where a systematic review was carried out as a methodology for searching for information related to yoga as a complementary therapy and the benefits that it brought to the well-being of the elderly. Results:The importance and benefits of yoga on the mobility, strength, flexibility and spirituality of users who practice this therapy are highlighted in each of the randomized controlled trials that were collected for the purposes of this systematic review. Discussion: The articles analyzed belong to clinical trials or randomized studies, which allowed us to effectively answer our research question. The activity of yoga in older adults generates positive changes regarding state and physical condition, the execution of this practice improves the quality of life by 80% Conclusion: Yoga as a complementary therapy delivers benefits in the quality of life of the adult population elderly, it can be said that there was an improvement in mobility, quality of life and self-valence of the elderly[AU]

Introdução: O Yoga é uma atividade que trata de um exercício de intensidade baixa a moderada, que não se foca exclusivamente no treino físico, mas também no desenvolvimento da mente e do espí-rito. A ioga pode ter um impacto maior no equilíbrio e nos ganhos de força da parte superior do corpo e mostrou melhorias na apti-dão cardiorrespiratória e flexibilidade. Metodologia: a abordagem de desenvolvimento foi do tipo quantitativo onde foi realizada uma revisão sistemática como metodologia de busca de informações re-lacionadas ao yoga como terapia complementar e os benefícios que trouxe para o bem-estar dos idosos. Resultados: A importância e os benefícios do yoga na mobilidade, força, flexibilidade e espiri-tualidade dos usuários que praticam esta terapia são destacados em cada um dos ensaios clínicos randomizados que foram coletados para fins desta revisão sistemática. Discussão: Os artigos analisa-dos pertencem a ensaios clínicos ou estudos randomizados, o que nos permitiu responder de forma eficaz à nossa questão de inves-tigação. A atividade de yoga em idosos gera mudanças positivas quanto ao estado e condição física, a execução desta prática mel-hora a qualidade de vida em 80% Conclusão: o yoga como terapia complementar traz benefícios na qualidade de vida da população adulta idosa, pode-se dizer que houve melhora na mobilidade, qualidade de vida e autovalência dos idosos[AU]

Estudo longitudinal de famílias / Longitudinal study of families / Estudio longitudinal de familias

Introdução: O desenvolvimento da família é influenciado por diversos fatores de sua organização interna e de ordem ambiental, social, cultural, econômica e política. Em contexto de pobreza os riscos são maiores. Fatores de proteção, como boa organização familiar e rede social de apoio podem diminuir as consequências negativas da pobreza. São escassas as pesquisas longitudinais sobre vulnerabilidade e resiliência nas famílias. Objetivo: Este artigo descreve o desenvolvimento de três famílias ao longo de 15 anos, estudadas por meio de entrevistas em casa, parte de uma coorte populacional de um bairro de Porto Alegre (RS). Buscaram-se associações entre a qualidade das relações nessas famílias e sua saúde física e mental, especialmente a do filho, foco da pesquisa. Métodos: Selecionaram-se no arquivo da pesquisa as três primeiras famílias (do total de 148) das quais se tinham os resultados completos das cinco visitas realizadas aos quatro meses e aos dois, quatro, nove e 15 anos de um filho. Realizou-se análise qualitativa dos registros em busca de categorias para compreender a vida e as relações interpessoais nas famílias. O estudo foi realizado em conjunto por duas pesquisadoras, médicas especialistas em desenvolvimento humano. As categorias identificadas na análise e estudadas nas cinco etapas foram: configuração familiar, situação socioeconômica, situações traumáticas, saúde física, saúde relacional e mental, evolução cognitiva e escolar do filho. Resultados: As três famílias, todas de classe C, com filhos sem problemas de saúde física, tiveram evolução suficientemente boa, apesar de todas enfrentarem múltiplos problemas, inclusive separações e mortes precoces. A relação com o sistema de saúde e escola era boa e similar para as três. A jovem com menos problemas de saúde mental foi aquela que sofreu perdas mais importantes: morte dos pais. Tinha uma estrutura familiar multigeracional sólida desde a primeira infância, com relações interpessoais predominantemente colaborativas e amorosas. Conclusões: O artigo busca avançar na compreensão da resiliência nas famílias em situações de vulnerabilidade. Concluímos que essas três famílias, uma delas mais que as outras, foram suficientemente saudáveis na tarefa de educar seus filhos sem desenvolverem problemas mentais graves. Propomos que o bom desenvolvimento se associa com a adequação e amorosidade dos cuidados com a etapa do ciclo vital, mesmo enfrentando situações problemáticas. Essas qualidades precisam estar associadas à estabilidade socioeconômica básica e a bons serviços de saúde e escola.

Introduction: Family development is influenced by it's internal organization and environmental factors, socioeconomic, cultural and political. In poor contexts there are more risks to development. Protection factors like good family organization and social network may decrease the risks. Longitudinal research about vulnerability and resilience in families is scarse. Objective: This article describes the development of three families over 15 years through interviews at home. The families were part of a populational cohort of a neighborhood in Porto Alegre (RS). We looked for links between the quality of relationships and the physical and mental health of these families, especially of the child focus of the research. Methods: We selected in the research archives the first three families (of a total of 148) for which we had full results of the five interviews at four months and two, four, nine and fifteen years of a child. We did a qualitative analysis of the records looking for parameters to understand the life and interpersonal relationships of these families. This study was done by two researchers, both experts in Human Development. The categories identified in the analysis of the five phases were: family structure, socioeconomic situation, traumatic experiences, physical, mental and relational health and cognitive evolution of the child. Results: All three families belonged to economical class C. The children were in good physical health and had sufficiently good general development, having faced multiple problems, including parental separation and early parental death. The relationship with the health and school systems was good in all of them. The youth with less mental health problems was the one who suffered the heaviest loss: early death of both parents. Her family had strong multigenerational ties since her early days, with predominant collaborative and loving relationships. Conclusions: This article aims to contribute to the comprehension of resilience in families in the context of vulnerability. We can say that these three families were healthy enough in the task of bringing up children without any serious mental health problem. We suggest that healthy development is associated with loving interfamily relationships adequate to each phase of development, notwithstanding dramatic events. This needs to be supported by basic economic stability and adequate school and health systems.

Introducción: El desarrollo de la familia es influenciado por su organización interna y factores ambientales, sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos. En contextos pobres los riesgos son mayores. Factores de protección como buena organización familiar y red social de apoyo pueden disminuir las consecuencias negativas de la pobreza. Son pocas las investigaciones longitudinales de vulnerabilidad y resiliencia de las familias. Objetivo: Este artículo describe el estudio del desarrollo de tres familias a lo largo de 15 años, a través de entrevistas en domicilio, parte de una cohorte poblacional de un barrio de Porto Alegre (RS). Se buscaron correlaciones entre la calidad de las relaciones de esas familias y su salud física y mental, especialmente la del hijo foco de la investigación. Métodos: Fueron seleccionadas en el archivo de la investigación las tres primeras familias (de un total de 148) de las cuales se tenían los resultados completos de las cinco visitas realizadas, a los 4 meses, y a los 2, 4, 9, y 15 años de un hijo. Fue realizado un análisis cualitativo de los registros en busca de categorías para comprender la vida y las relaciones interpersonales en las familias. El estudio fue hecho en conjunto por dos investigadoras, médicas especialistas en desarrollo humano. Las categorías identificadas en el análisis y estudiadas en las cinco etapas fueron: configuración familiar, situación socioeconómica, situaciones traumáticas, salud física, salud relacional y mental, evolución cognitiva y escolar del hijo. Resultados: Las tres familias, todas de clase C, con hijos sin problemas de salud física, tuvieron evolución suficientemente buena, a pesar de que todas enfrentaron múltiples problemas, incluso separaciones y muertes precoces. La relación con el sistema de salud y escuela era buena y similar para las tres. La joven con menos problemas de salud mental fue aquella que sufrió las mayores pérdidas: muerte de los padres. Tenía una estructura familiar multigeneracional sólida desde la primera infancia, con relaciones interpersonales predominantemente colaborativas y amorosas. Conclusiones: El artículo pretende avanzar en la comprensión de la resiliencia en las familias en situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Concluimos que esas tres familias, una de ellas más que las otras, fueron suficientemente saludables en la tarea de educar a sus hijos sin que desarrollaran problemas mentales graves. Proponemos que el buen desarrollo se asocia con el amor y adecuación de los cuidados a la etapa del ciclo vital, aun enfrentando situaciones problemáticas. Esas calidades necesitan estar asociadas a la estabilidad socioeconómica básica y buenos servicios de salud y escuela.

Medical faculty's perception of students' mental health: a qualitative survey study

This study sought to explore the perspective of medical faculty on the mental health of their students. This qualitative study based on a focus group is part of a longitudinal research that studied the mental health of Brazilian students. One group was conducted with faculty employed at a medical school. Topics discussed covered the concept of mental health and medical education. Six professors participated in one group. The mental health of medical students is a construct that encompasses emotional aspects, ability to solve problems and multiple facets of a human being, according to the participants. Artistic practices, moments of socialization and leisure were perceived as stimulating students' good mental health. Excessive demands generate competitiveness and the teacher's expectation of the student's good performance based on their own experience can harm the student's mental health. Participants also highlighted that a pedagogical reformulation that makes sense for the student's learning process is necessary to update traditional curricula. Medical students' mental health is influenced by experiences and exchanges during the medical school, mainly between professor and student, understood as necessary and inherent to the process of becoming physician. The findings of this study show the need for curriculum changes in the medical education process and updating teacher training for good practices that reinforce good mental health.

Este estudio buscó explorar la perspectiva de los profesores de medicina sobre la salud mental de sus estudiantes. Este estudio cualitativo basado en un grupo focal es parte de una investigación longitudinal que estudió la salud mental de estudiantes brasileños. Un grupo se llevó a cabo con profesores empleados en una escuela de medicina. Los temas tratados abarcaron el concepto de salud mental y educación médica. Seis docentes participaron en un grupo. La salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina es un constructo que abarca aspectos emocionales, capacidad de resolución de problemas y múltiples facetas del ser humano, según los participantes. Las prácticas artísticas, los momentos de socialización y el ocio fueron percibidos como estimulantes de la buena salud mental de los estudiantes. Las exigencias excesivas generan competitividad y la expectativa del docente sobre el buen desempeño del estudiante basándose en su propia experiencia puede perjudicar la salud mental del estudiante. Los participantes también resaltaron que es necesaria una reformulación pedagógica que tenga sentido para el proceso de aprendizaje del estudiante para actualizar los currículos tradicionales. La salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina está influenciada por las experiencias y los intercambios durante la carrera de medicina, principalmente entre profesor y estudiante, entendidos como necesarios e inherentes al proceso de convertirse en médico. Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran la necesidad de cambios curriculares en el proceso de formación médica y de actualización de la formación docente hacia buenas prácticas que refuercen la buena salud mental.

Este estudo buscou explorar a perspectiva dos docentes de medicina sobre a saúde mental de seus alunos. Este estudo qualitativo baseado em grupo focal faz parte de uma pesquisa longitudinal que estudou a saúde mental de estudantes brasileiros. Um grupo foi conduzido com professores empregados em uma faculdade de medicina. Os temas discutidos abrangeram o conceito de saúde mental e educação médica. Seis professores participaram de um grupo. A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina é um construto que engloba aspectos emocionais, capacidade de resolução de problemas e múltiplas facetas do ser humano, segundo os participantes. As práticas artísticas, os momentos de socialização e de lazer foram percebidos como estimuladores da boa saúde mental dos estudantes. Exigências excessivas geram competitividade e a expectativa do professor pelo bom desempenho do aluno com base na própria experiência pode prejudicar a saúde mental do aluno. Os participantes destacaram também que é necessária uma reformulação pedagógica que faça sentido para o processo de aprendizagem do aluno para atualizar os currículos tradicionais. A saúde mental dos estudantes de medicina é influenciada pelas experiências e trocas durante o curso de medicina, principalmente entre professor e aluno, entendidas como necessárias e inerentes ao processo de tornar-se médico. Os achados deste estudo mostram a necessidade de mudanças curriculares no processo de formação médica e de atualização da formação docente para boas práticas que reforcem a boa saúde mental.

Narcissism, perfectionism, and self-promoting behavior on social networking sites among university students in Pakistan / Narcisismo, perfeccionismo y comportamiento de autopromoción en sitios de redes sociales entre estudiantes universitarios en Pakistán

Existe un debate considerable en la literatura sobre cómo el narcisismo predice diversos comportamientos asociados con la utilidad de los sitios de redes sociales, pero los investigadores han prestado menos atención a explorar los mediadores potenciales de esta relación. Con base en la literatura existente, anticipamos que el narcisismo predice comportamientos de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales. El estudio actual también investigó el papel mediador del perfeccionismo multidimensional entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción. Se recopiló un total de 605 cuestionarios completos de estudiantes de universidades de Rawalpindi e Islamabad, Pakistán, mediante un muestreo conveniente. El estudio utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista (Ames et al., 2006), un cuestionario de desarrollo propio sobre comportamiento de autopromoción en sitios de redes sociales y la Escala de Perfeccionismo Multidimensional (Hewitt et al., 1991). Los hallazgos indicaron que las mujeres en comparación con los hombres y las solteras en comparación con las casadas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en narcisismo. Los niveles educativos más altos se asociaron con tasas más altas de narcisismo. Los resultados también sugieren que el narcisismo se correlaciona con el perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y, más significativamente, con el narcisismo orientado a los demás. El perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y a los demás medió significativamente la relación entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales.(AU)

There is considerable debate in the literature about how narcis-sism predicts various behaviors associated with the utility of social net-working sites, but researchers have paid less attention to exploring the po-tential mediators of this relationship.Based on the existing literature, we anticipated that narcissism predicts self-promoting behaviors on social networking sites. The current study also investigated the mediating role of multidimensional perfectionismbetween narcissism and self-promoting behavior. A total of 605 complete questionnaires weregathered fromstu-dents from universities from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using convenient sampling. The study used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006), self-developed Self-promoting Behavior on social net-working sites questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt et al., 1991). Findings indicated that females as compared to males and single as comparedto married individuals scored higher on narcissism. Higher educational levels were associated with higher rates of narcissism. The results also suggestthat narcissism correlated with self-oriented per-fectionism, and more significantlywith others-oriented narcissism. Self-oriented and others-oriented perfectionism significantly mediated the rela-tionship between narcissism and self-promoting behavior on social net-working sites.(AU)

Associations Between Gender Dysphoria, Eating Disorders, and Mental Health Diagnoses Among Adolescents.

PURPOSE: Transgender adolescents and adolescents with eating disorders (EDs) are known to have increased mental health comorbidity; however, little is understood about how gender dysphoria (GD), disordered eating and mental health disorders relate to each other. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between GD, ED, and mental health diagnoses among adolescents. METHODS: Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 57,353 patients aged 9-18 seen at a single pediatric health system between 2009 and 2022. Adjusted logistic regression models tested for associations between GD, ED, and mental health diagnoses. RESULTS: Youth with a GD diagnosis had significantly greater odds of also having an ED diagnosis compared to those without a GD diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.98-4.64). Among those with an ED diagnosis, youth with a GD diagnosis had significantly lower odds of having an anorexia nervosa diagnosis (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18-0.61) and significantly greater odds of having an unspecified or other specified ED diagnosis (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.56-3.93) compared to those without a GD diagnosis. Youth with both GD and ED diagnoses had significantly greater odds of also having a diagnosis of anxiety (aOR = 24.01, 95% CI: 14.85-38.83), depression (aOR = 48.41, 95% CI: 30.38-77.12), suicidality (aOR = 26.15, 95% CI: 16.65-41.05) and self-harm (aOR = 35.79, 95% CI: 22.48-56.98) as compared to those with neither a GD nor an ED diagnosis. DISCUSSION: Adolescents with co-occurring GD and ED diagnoses are at greater risk for anxiety, depression, suicidality, and self-harm as compared to youth with neither diagnosis. Further research is essential to understand the complex interplay of mental health concerns and EDs among gender diverse adolescents and to inform appropriate interventions.

"The chaos of not knowing": Embodied experiences of waiting for public housing redevelopment and relocation.

The US Department of Housing and Urban Development has instituted several successive programs to redevelop aging and distressed US public housing. The current program, the Choice Neighborhoods Initiative, aims not only to redevelop housing but also to improve the health of public housing residents through a whole neighborhood transformation, at the cost of privatizing components of housing. In the present case study, we examine relationships and perceptions about public housing redevelopment and health among residents affected by the Sun Valley Choice Neighborhood Initiative in Denver, Colorado. We address how public housing residents experience redevelopment, with particular emphasis on the temporal, physical and embodied mental experience of "waiting" for housing in a community undergoing radical transformation. We understand and conceptualize waiting as the process that generates stressors, and embodiment as the process of internalizing stressors through the mechanism of weathering (Geronimus, 1992; Krieger, 2021). Through repeated interviews with 21 residents, we highlight several themes that tie together experiences of waiting for displacement as well as experiences of stress and uncertainty related to the bureaucracy of public housing redevelopment. We document how participants struggled with the emotional impact of imposed change, found waiting to be destabilizing for their mental health, and how they embodied experiences of displacement anxiety. These findings show how redevelopment projects impose a forced waiting on the state that extends precarity and further destabilizes the lives and mental health of public housing residents.

Access to natural green spaces and their associations with psychological wellbeing for South Asian people in the UK: A systematic literature review.

Use of natural green spaces (NGS) is associated with improved psychological well-being (PWB). Ethnic minorities, particularly South Asian (SA) communities in the UK, face unequal access to NGS and experience a greater prevalence of health challenges than the general population. Improving access to green space can contribute to addressing current health inequalities. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature review aimed to synthesise existing research on NGS access barriers experienced by SAs and associations between NGS use and PWB. A comprehensive search was conducted through SAGE, Science Direct, and SCOPUS in August 2022; we included qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies with findings on NGS access and/or associations between NGS use and PWB for SAs in the UK. We employed deductive thematic analysis to explore inhibitors and enablers of access which were then conceptualised through a multidimensional framework. Associations between NGS and PWB were coded inductively and mapped separately. This review is registered on PROSPERO: CRD42022353711. Twenty-six studies were included in the review which varied substantially in their aims, methods, context, and participants. Included studies on NGS grouped SAs within broader demographic categories such as minority ethnic communities or Muslims. Our findings indicate that SAs are disadvantaged in their access to NGS due to numerous intersecting factors including unequal distribution, inadequate transport, racialisation of NGS, and safety concerns. Whilst these findings generally aligned with broader literature on NGS access, certain access barriers and enablers are particularly significant to SA communities. We also identified several dimensions of PWB that are enhanced for SAs through interacting with NGS including overall mental health outcomes, physical wellbeing, and social relatedness. This review highlights opportunities to improve access to NGS and thereby enhance PWB outcomes for SA people. It also identifies the lack of primary research exploring NGS access and PWB associations for SA communities, specifically in rural contexts.

Impact of being a relative of a patient with epilepsy on the association of attitudes toward epilepsy and disease knowledge levels.

OBJECTIVE: The social prognosis for individuals with epilepsy is often poorer than their clinical prognosis, highlighting the significant influence of social factors on the progression of the disease. Relatives of patients with epilepsy (RPEs) generally have more positive attitudes towards epilepsy compared to the general population. This study aimed to examine the effect of being an RPE on the relationship between attitudes toward epilepsy and levels of disease knowledge. METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study included 217 adult participants, comprising 93 RPEs and 124 controls (non-RPEs), selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire that included sections on socio-demographic characteristics, the Epilepsy Knowledge Scale, and the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) Scale. Path analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method. Due to the non-normal distribution of exogenous variables, the robust Huber/White/sandwich estimator method was used to calculate confidence intervals and fit indices. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 34.7 ± 11.5 years, with 128 (59.0 %) being female. RPEs scored an average of 26.8 ± 9.9 on the PATE Scale, which was significantly lower than the average score of 29.7 ± 11.0 for non-RPEs (p = 0.047). Path analysis indicated that being an RPE indirectly fosters a positive attitude through increased knowledge levels. While the direct effect of being an RPE on attitudes was not statistically significant, the indirect effect mediated by knowledge was significant. SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights that the level of knowledge about epilepsy, a key predictor of positive attitudes, remains important even among RPEs. In kinship contexts where neurobiological and psychosocial factors are at play, the primary determinant of attitudes toward epilepsy is still the level of knowledge about the condition. Consequently, focusing on increasing knowledge about epilepsy should be the main strategy to promote positive attitudes, providing a more promising avenue for future research and interventions.

National study comparing psychiatric presentations among migrants and citizens in Qatar.

Arab countries host 10 % of the global migrant population, yet research on the mental health of migrant workers within this region is notably lacking. Addressing this gap, our study marks the inaugural nationwide investigation into psychiatric conditions among migrant workers compared to native Qatari citizens in an inpatient setting. Employing a retrospective cohort methodology, we scrutinized psychiatric presentations among two cohorts: migrant workers (cohort 1) and Qatari nationals (cohort 2) admitted to psychiatric inpatient facilities in Qatar. Our sample comprised 150 migrant workers and 138 Qatari inpatients, with a predominance of males in both cohorts and mean ages around 34-35 years. The median length of hospitalization was 13 days for migrant workers and 14 days for Qatari patients. Qatari inpatients exhibited a higher prevalence of prior psychiatric history and comorbid physical conditions. The primary diagnosis upon discharge for approximately one-third of patients in both groups was schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, with bipolar disorder representing roughly one-quarter of cases in each cohort. Notably, migrant workers demonstrated a higher incidence of depressive disorders, trauma, and stress-related conditions, while Qatari patients were more frequently diagnosed with substance use disorder and displayed aggressive behaviors.

Differential associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection, perceived burden of the pandemic and mental health in the German population-based cohort for digital health research.

Understanding the potential adverse effects of the COVID-19-pandemic on mental health remains a challenge for public health. Differentiation between potential consequences of actual infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the subjective burden of the pandemic due to measures and restrictions to daily life still remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the differential association between infection with SARS-Cov-2 and subjective burden of the pandemic in a study cohort of 7601 participants from the German population-based cohort for digital health research (DigiHero), who were recruited between March 4th and April 25th 2022. Data was collected using the online survey tool LimeSurvey® between March and October 2022 in consecutive surveys, which included questionnaires on infection status and symptoms following COVID-19 as well as retrospective assessment of the subjective burden of the pandemic. We observed an association of a past SARS-CoV-2 infection on deteriorated mental health related symptoms, whereas no association or interaction with burden of the pandemic occurred. The association was driven by participants with persistent symptoms 12 weeks after infection. On a symptom specific level, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as exhaustion and fatigue, concentration deficits and problems with memory function were the primary drivers of the association with small effect sizes between 0.048 and 0.062 ηp2.

Identifying Service, Research and Policy priorities for preventing the impacts of family adversity on children's mental health: An Australian national resource allocation study with professional and lived experience experts.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop Service, Research and Policy priorities to prevent the impact of family adversity on child mental health and determine comparative priorities of diverse stakeholders to those with lived experience of adversity. METHODS: Value-weighting approach conducted in a staged process: (i) professionals and experts with lived experience from health, education, justice and social care sectors attended a national symposium to identify priorities for family adversity and mental health and (ii) a subsequent resource allocation survey gathered views from participants and external experts on symposium priorities. RESULTS: Consensus was reached on priorities. Service priorities included establishing intersectoral hubs for children and families and early childhood nurse home-visiting programs. Research priorities included scaling up evidence-based interventions and evaluating cross-sector, flexible funding models for services addressing childhood adversity. Policy priorities included developing evidence-based policies with evaluation and implementation plans and flexible funding models to support integrated care. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide detailed and actionable clarity on next steps to address family adversities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH: The priorities call for a focus on cross-sectoral approaches to preventing or mitigating the effects of family adversity. The current Australian policy environment provides a timely opportunity to action the proposed interventions.

Understanding the experiences of transition for newly qualified mental health nurses and their potential to stay in the role: A qualitative exploration.

AIM: To understand the experiences of transition from the perspective of newly qualified mental health nurses and the impact this may have on their potential to remain in the role. BACKGROUND: During the transitional period following registration newly qualified nurses experience feelings of being overwhelmed and shock. Internationally there is limited research on factors influencing transitional experiences in the field of mental health. DESIGN: A qualitative exploration was conducted using thematic content analysis to analyse the data gathered from semi-structured interviews METHOD: 18 Newly qualified mental health nurses from two NHS Mental Health trusts were interviewed, all within 18 months of registration. Data were analysed and themes generated addressing the research aim. RESULTS/FINDINGS: Five themes were co-created using this inductive technique: 'Transition to new role', 'Support for new role', 'Professional identity', 'Role development' and 'Working environment'. These themes are representative headings with the sub-themes making up the contributory content. Themes highlighted issues concerning newly qualified nurses and the transition which included aspects of anxiety and feeling overwhelmed initially. This highlighted the feelings associated with transition and progression through the process of liminality. Supervision was identified in the context of formal support, the presence of which is conducive to a positive transition. Imposter syndrome and experiencing reality shock were common aspects of role development and acknowledging the sense of responsibility gained once registered. Safety was highlighted as many experienced their first role on in-patient environments which was busy and potentially hostile. CONCLUSION: The transition of newly qualified nurses in mental health services can prove to be a difficult experience, therefore it requires acknowledgment and careful consideration. Understanding the liminal process may allow staff to appreciate the effect of the transition and to understand that the NQN will face overwhelming and unfamiliar responsibilities. Despite the demands to boost the workforce in mental health services there is a need to understand how best to integrate NQN's into their role during this transition. Caution must be used if we are not to lose more NQN's, as despite concerns there are still NQN's looking to mental health nursing as their future and chosen career.

A Secret Shopper Study of Language Accessibility of Community-based Behavioral Health Services for Children in Families Who Speak Spanish and English.

OBJECTIVE: To compare outpatient behavioral health scheduling for children in Spanish-speaking families in Pennsylvania with that for children in families who speak English. STUDY DESIGN: We made paired English and Spanish telephone calls to outpatient behavioral health facilities using a standardized script, describing a simulated, stable, Medicaid-insured child. Facilities were identified using the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services Online Provider Directory for Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, which had 288 outpatient facilities with non-duplicate telephone numbers. An English-language caller following a script made up to two call attempts per facility from December 2019 through February 2020. The 126 facilities that did not answer the phone, accept Medicaid, or see children were removed. A Spanish-language caller then made up to two scripted call attempts to the 162 remaining facilities. The primary outcome was whether the facility tried to schedule an appointment for the simulated adolescent. RESULTS: 125 facilities answered both English- and Spanish-language calls. For the English-language caller, 71% of facilities attempted to schedule an appointment and 100% communicated in the caller's preferred language. For the Spanish-language caller, 24% attempted to schedule an appointment (P<0.001) and 25% communicated in the caller's preferred language (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among outpatient behavioral health facilities for Medicaid-insured children in Pennsylvania, there were inequities in access to appointments for families who speak Spanish compared with English. This a modifiable barrier to care. Community-based behavioral health care for children should strengthen language access training, contracting, and oversight.

Comparative Effectiveness of Treating Prenatal Depression with Counseling versus Antidepressants in Relation to Preterm Delivery.

BACKGROUND: Maternal depression during pregnancy is prevalent and has been associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (PTD). However, comparative effectiveness of two commonly used treatment options, mental health counseling and use of antidepressants, in mitigating the risk of PTD associated with maternal depression remains uncertain. Although antidepressant use has been associated with increased risk of PTD in many previous studies, a direct head-to-head comparison between these two treatment options has not been investigated. Thus, the comparative risk-benefit profiles of those two treatment options remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine the comparative effectiveness of two commonly used options for treating prenatal depression in limiting the risk of PTD associated with maternal depression. STUDY DESIGN: A large prospective cohort study was conducted among 82,170 pregnant women at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated health delivery system. Clinically diagnosed depression and its treatments (use of antidepressants and mental health counseling) were identified from the KPNC electronic health record system (EHR). Gestational age was also recorded for all deliveries and captured by EHRs for determining PTD. RESULTS: Using Cox proportional hazards regression incorporating propensity score methodology to ensure comparability between comparison cohorts, relative to those without depression, pregnant women with untreated depression had 41% increased risk of PTD: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.24-1.60, confirming increased risk of PTD associated underlying maternal depression. Relative to untreated depression, any mental health counseling was associated with a 18% of reduced risk of PTD: aHR=0.82 (0.71-0.96). The inverse association showed a dose-response pattern: increased number of counseling visits was associated with greater reduction in PTD risk with 43% reduction in PTD risk associated with 4 or more visits (aHR=0.57, 95% CI=0.45-0.73). In contrast, use of antidepressants during pregnancy was associated with an additional 31% increased risk of PTD independent of underlying depression: aHR=1.31, 95% CI=1.06-1.61. This positive association also showed a dose-response relationship: a longer duration of use was associated with an even higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides much needed evidence regarding the comparative effectiveness of two common treatment options for prenatal depression in the context of PTD risk. The results indicate that, to reduce PTD risk due to maternal depression, mental health counseling is more effective. Use of antidepressants may add additional risk of PTD, independent of the underlying depression. The findings provide data for clinicians and pregnant women to make informed and evidence-based treatment decisions that take into account the risks and benefits to both maternal and fetal health.

Incidence and Factors Associated With Burnout Among Cardiac Anesthesiologists in India.

OBJECTIVE: Many previous surveys have demonstrated a high incidence of burnout among anesthesiologists. The current survey was designed to estimate the incidence and understand the factors associated with burnout among cardiac anesthesiologists in India. DESIGN: Members of the Indian Association of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anaesthesiologists (IACTA) were invited to participate. The survey consisted of two sections: the initial section collected demographic data, work patterns, and factors associated with burnout perception. The second part assessed emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and low personal accomplishment (LPA) using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). SETTING: Web-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: Members of IACTA. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: A high score on EE (≥27 and/or DP ≥10) identified those at high risk for burnout. A high risk of burnout in addition to LPA ≤33 was defined as burnout syndrome. Of the 2,262 IACTA members surveyed, 325 (14.35%) responded. Among them, 162 (49.8%) were classified as at high risk of burnout, and 91 (28%) met the criteria for burnout syndrome. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with a high risk of burnout, including <5 years of experience (odds ratio [OR] = 3.53), insufficient external support (OR = 2.87), limited personal time (OR = 1.96), and considering leaving cardiac anesthesia (OR = 3.61). Factors contributing to burnout syndrome were <5 years of experience (OR = 3.83), inadequate workplace colleague support (OR = 1.84), and considering leaving cardiac anesthesia (OR = 2.43). CONCLUSIONS: The burden of burnout syndrome is high among Indian anesthesiologists. Risk factors included younger age, inadequate workplace and external support, limited personal time, and contemplation of leaving cardiac anesthesia. There is a need for various stakeholders to be sensitized and institute necessary measures to reduce the burden and impact of burnout.

Outpatient mental health care during high incidence phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany - changes in utilization, challenges and post-COVID care.

BACKGROUND: As only a few studies have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health outpatient system so far, the aim of the COVID Ψ Outpatient Survey was to gain insight from outpatient providers in Germany regarding changes in utilization; associated problems and challenges; telemedicine services; interactions with inpatient and nursing home services; and experiences with post-COVID syndromes. METHODS: Between July and September 2021, we invited 351 randomly selected outpatient mental health specialists to take part in the online survey via e-mail. Additionally, we extended an invitation to professional associations to encourage their members to participate. N = 105 physicians of most regions of Germany took part in the survey. RESULTS: Survey participants reported changes in utilization during the high incidence phases (HIP) of the pandemic using pre-formulated categories: For the first HIP in spring 2020, 31% of the survey participants reported a decrease > 20% and 5% an increase > 20% of patient contacts. For the third HIP in spring 2021, 4% reported a decrease > 20% of contacts, while 30% an increase > 20%. Participants chose "patient's fears of infection" and "providers protection measures" as reasons for decreases, and "pandemic related anxieties", "economic stressors", and "capacity reductions of the inpatient system" as reasons for increases of patient contact. Many providers introduced telemedicine services. A majority reported consultations for post-COVID syndromes already in spring 2021. CONCLUSIONS: The survey hinted at changes in utilization, multiple problems but as well good-practice-solutions in the mental health outpatient system during the COVID-19 pandemic.

All psychiatric disorders are equal, but some are more equal than others! An unconscious bias that calls for precision terminology.

We address the unconsciously biased perception of psychiatric disorders, highlighting a hierarchical perspective that favours certain diagnoses over others. We aim to uncover reasons for these inequities, emphasising the need for a shift toward pathophysiology-based nomenclature that can promote equal support for each disorder, enhance treatment adherence and encourage open discussions.