Mesotelioma peritoneal epitelioide papilar maligno em bovino gir – Relato de caso / Malignant papillary epitelioid mesothelioma in the peritoneal cavity of a gir cattle – Case report

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de mesotelioma peritoneal epitelioide papilar em um bovino. Foi atendida uma vaca Gir, com dez anos de idade, apresentando taquicardia, taquipneia, 8% de desidratação, hipomotilidade ruminal, edema de barbela e aumento da circunferência abdominal bilateral ventral. Os achados de palpação consistiram na presença de múltiplos nódulos abdominais firmes, de tamanhos variados, localizados na parede abdominal e presença de grande quantidade de líquido intra-abdominal, confirmados pela ultrassonografia transretal. O líquido peritoneal coletado foi classificado como transudato modificado. Foi realizada laparotomia exploratória pelo flanco, identificando-se aproximadamente 150 litros de líquido peritoneal e múltiplos nódulos de coloração esbranquiçada, firmes, irregulares e difusos no peritônio e na superfície serosa de diferentes órgãos. O exame histopatológico dos fragmentos coletados por biopsia confirmou o diagnóstico de mesotelioma peritoneal classificado como sendo do tipo epitelioide papilar. A maioria dos casos de mesotelioma ocorre de forma incidiosa e sua manifestação clínica ocorre em quadros mais avançados, quando o prognóstico se torna desfavorável ao animal. A partir das condições encontradas no presente relato, foi indicada eutanásia do animal em razão do comprometimento do bem-estar.

The aim of this paper was to report a case of papillary epithelial mesothelioma of the peritoneal surface in a cattle. A ten-yearold Gir cow was examined on a rural property, presenting tachycardia, tachypnea, 8% dehydration, ruminal hypomotility submandibular edema and bilateral ventral abdominal enlargement. Rectal palpation showed multiple firm abdominal nodules, of varying sizes, located in the abdominal wall and the presence of large amounts of intra-abdominal fluid, confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography. The peritoneal fluid collected was classified as modified transudate. Exploratory laparotomy was performed along the flank, identifying approximately 150 liters of peritoneal fluid and multiple whitish-colored nodules, firm, irregular and diffuse on the peritoneum and on the serous surface of different organs. Histopathological examination of the biopsy pieces confirmed the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma classified as papillary epithelioid type. Most cases of mesothelioma occur insidious, and its clinical manifestation occurs in more advanced cases, when the prognosis becomes unfavorable for the animal. Based on the conditions found in this report, euthanasia of the animal was indicated due to compromised well-being.

Mesotelioma peritoneal epitelioide papilar maligno em bovino gir Relato de caso / Malignant papillary epitelioid mesothelioma in the peritoneal cavity of a gir cattle Case report

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de mesotelioma peritoneal epitelioide papilar em um bovino. Foi atendida uma vaca Gir, com dez anos de idade, apresentando taquicardia, taquipneia, 8% de desidratação, hipomotilidade ruminal, edema de barbela e aumento da circunferência abdominal bilateral ventral. Os achados de palpação consistiram na presença de múltiplos nódulos abdominais firmes, de tamanhos variados, localizados na parede abdominal e presença de grande quantidade de líquido intra-abdominal, confirmados pela ultrassonografia transretal. O líquido peritoneal coletado foi classificado como transudato modificado. Foi realizada laparotomia exploratória pelo flanco, identificando-se aproximadamente 150 litros de líquido peritoneal e múltiplos nódulos de coloração esbranquiçada, firmes, irregulares e difusos no peritônio e na superfície serosa de diferentes órgãos. O exame histopatológico dos fragmentos coletados por biopsia confirmou o diagnóstico de mesotelioma peritoneal classificado como sendo do tipo epitelioide papilar. A maioria dos casos de mesotelioma ocorre de forma incidiosa e sua manifestação clínica ocorre em quadros mais avançados, quando o prognóstico se torna desfavorável ao animal. A partir das condições encontradas no presente relato, foi indicada eutanásia do animal em razão do comprometimento do bem-estar.(AU)

The aim of this paper was to report a case of papillary epithelial mesothelioma of the peritoneal surface in a cattle. A ten-yearold Gir cow was examined on a rural property, presenting tachycardia, tachypnea, 8% dehydration, ruminal hypomotility submandibular edema and bilateral ventral abdominal enlargement. Rectal palpation showed multiple firm abdominal nodules, of varying sizes, located in the abdominal wall and the presence of large amounts of intra-abdominal fluid, confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography. The peritoneal fluid collected was classified as modified transudate. Exploratory laparotomy was performed along the flank, identifying approximately 150 liters of peritoneal fluid and multiple whitish-colored nodules, firm, irregular and diffuse on the peritoneum and on the serous surface of different organs. Histopathological examination of the biopsy pieces confirmed the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma classified as papillary epithelioid type. Most cases of mesothelioma occur insidious, and its clinical manifestation occurs in more advanced cases, when the prognosis becomes unfavorable for the animal. Based on the conditions found in this report, euthanasia of the animal was indicated due to compromised well-being.(AU)

Evaluation of cellular alterations and inflammatory profile of mesothelial cells and/or neoplastic cells exposed to talc used for pleurodesis.

Introdution: To determine the role of Pleural Mesothelial Cells (PMC) and/or Neoplasic Cells (NC) in the initiation and regulation of acute inflammatory response after exposure to talc for evaluating inflammatory mediators and cellular alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PMC cultures, human lung (A549) and breast (MCF7) adenocarcinoma cells were divided in 5 groups: 100% PMC, 100% NC, 25% PMC + 75% NC, 50% of each type and 75% PMC + 25% NC. All groups were exposed to talc and measured IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-10, TNF-α, TNFRI, pH, LDH, apoptosis and necrosis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way Anova. RESULTS: High IL-6, IL-1ß and TNFRI levels were found in PMC and NC exposed to talc. IL-6 was higher at the points of more confluence of PMC. The highest levels of IL-1ß and TNFRI were found in mixed cultures. In pure cultures TNFRI was higher in A549 followed by PMC and MCF7. LDH was higher in A549 than PMC. The lowest pH was found in 100% NC. All cell line exposed to talc reduced viability and increased necrosis. Apoptotic cells exposed to talc were higher in pure cultures of NC than in PMC. Mixed cultures of PMC and A549 showed lower levels of apoptosis in cultures with more NC. CONCLUSIONS: PMC after talc exposure participates in the inflammatory process contributing to production of molecular mediators, necessary for effective pleurodesis. Talc acted in NC causing higher rates of apoptosis, contributing in a modest way to tumoral decrease. Different types of tumor cells may respond differently to exposure to talc.

Use of Sialic Acid as a Complementary Method in the Cytological Diagnosis: Preliminary Study.

INTRODUCTION: Cellular morphology does not allow, in many cases, to safely establish a diagnosis of malignancy or benignity. Sialic acid is found in the membranes of well-differentiated mature cells, normally located in the alpha-2,3 position. During tumor progression, changes occur in glycosylation of proteins and lipids, including alterations in the sialylation patterns of tumor cells. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the overexpression of alpha-2,6 sialinization in exfoliated cells of body fluids and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) as a malignant indicator mechanism, using glycan-binding lectins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty samples (20 effusion liquids and 10 BAL) diagnosed by Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining as negative and positive for malignancy, were studied. They were then stained with fluorescein-labeled Sambucus nigra lectin (Sigma Chemicals, USA), which specifically recognizes sialic acid in alpha-2,6 position. The fluorescence obtained at 515 nm evidenced the presence of sialic acid in the 2,6 position. RESULTS: Negative body fluids for malignancy showed a fine and homogeneous fluorescence pattern for reactive mesothelial cells. Neoplastic cells revealed a thick, heterogeneous pattern. In BAL, benign hyperplastic cells showed a homogeneous fine pattern while neoplastic cells showed a thick and heterogeneous fluorescence pattern. The pattern described was observed in all cases in the cell membrane. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the change in sialic acid conformation detected through Sambucus nigra Lectin could be used as a complementary method for the diagnosis of malignancy in different cytological samples.

[Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumour]. / Tumor intraabdominal desmoplásico de células pequeñas y redondas.

BACKGROUND: The desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare and aggressive intra-abdominal neoplasia, with only 200 cases reported, and a higher incidence in men and predilection for the second decade of life. Histologically characterized by the presence of small nests of undifferentiated tumour cells, wrapped in fibrous desmoplastic stroma. CLINICAL CASE: A 24 year old male started with abdominal pain of 4 weeks onset in the right upper quadrant, colic type, sporadic, self-limiting and accompanied by early satiety, decreased appetite, and involuntary weight loss of 10 kg in 3 months. At the time of admission the abdomen was globular, with decreased peristalsis, soft, depressible. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal-pelvic cavity. A laparotomy was performed, with a subsequent omentum resection due to the presence of multiple tumours, which microscopically were characterised by groups of small, round, blue cells, separated by a desmoplastic stroma. The immunohistochemistry was positive for desmin (> 75%), epithelial membrane antigen (> 75%), CD99 (> 50%), and S100 (25%), concluding with an abdominal tumour of small, round, blue cells as a diagnosis. Chemotherapy treatment was initiated based on IMAP plus GM-CSF. CONCLUSIONS: The desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare neoplasia, with diagnostic complexity and a lethal course. Its clinical presentation is unspecific. Histologically, it is classified as an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that shares similar characteristics with the family of the small and blue cells tumours.

Alterations of intercellular junctions in peritoneal mesothelial cells from patients undergoing dialysis: effect of retinoic Acid.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis patients are classified according to their peritoneal permeability as low transporter (LT, low solute permeability) or high transporter (HT, high solute permeability). Tight junction (TJ) proteins are critical to maintain ions, molecules and water paracellular transport through peritoneum. Exposure to peritoneal dialysis solutions causes damage to TJ in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). We analyzed the quantity, distribution and function of TJ proteins: claudin-1, -2 and -8, ZO-1 and occludin, in HPMC cultures from LT and HT patients. Since all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) might modify the expression of TJ proteins, we studied its effect on HPMCs. METHODS: Control HPMCs were isolated from human omentum, while HT or LT cells were obtained from dialysis effluents. Cells were cultured in presence of ATRA 0, 50 or 100 nM. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) measurement, immunostaining and Western blot analyses were performed. RESULTS: HT exhibited lower TER than control and LT monolayers. Immunofluorescence for TJ was weak and discontinuous along the cell contour, in LT and HT. Furthermore, claudin-1, occludin and ZO-1 expressions were decreased. In all groups, claudin-2 was localized at nuclei. We observed that ATRA improved TJ distribution and increased TJ expression in HT. This retinoid did not modify claudin-2 and -8 expressions. All-trans retinoic acid decreased TER in HT, but had no effect in LT. CONCLUSIONS: Tight junctions were altered in HPMCs from dialyzed patients. The HT monolayer has lower TER than LT, which might be associated with the peritoneal permeability in these patients. ATRA might be a therapeutic alternative to maintain mesothelial integrity, since it improved TJ localization and expression.