The GG genotype of rs743572 in CYP17A1 gene regulating the decrease of T/E ratio can be an independent risk factor for MetS-BPH: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: To confirm if the CYP17A1 gene regulates the ratio of T/E leading to MetS-BPH. METHODS: 824 men, aged 47-88 years, were recruited into this study through consecutive routine physical examination programs and long-term outpatient screening. Several parameters, including SNPs of CYP17A1 gene, total testosterone, estradiol, and the ratio of total testosterone to estradiol (T/E) were obtained for each participant. Based on the diagnosis of BPH, MetS, and MetS-BPH, the participants were divided into BPH and non-BPH groups, MetS and non-MetS groups, and MetS-BPH and non-MetS-BPH groups. Values of the obtained parameters were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance, Student's t-test, Chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: SNPs of the CYP17A1 gene, including the rs743572 genotypes (GG, GA, and AA), rs3781287 genotypes (GG, GT, TT), and rs4919686 genotypes (CC, CA, and AA), were present in every group. Only the GG genotype of rs743572 was independently associated with BPH (OR = 5.868, 95% CI: 3.363-7.974, P < 0.001), MetS (OR = 7.228, 95% CI: 3.925-11.331, P < 0.001), and MetS-BPH (OR = 3.417, 95% CI: 1.783-5.266, P < 0.001) after adjusting for age. In the population of genotype GG of rs743572, the decrease in T/E ratio was an independent risk factor for BPH (OR = 839.756, 95% CI: 36.978-1334.263, P = 0.001), MetS (OR = 376.988, 95% CI: 12.980-488.976, P < 0.003), and MetS-BPH (OR = 388.236, 95% CI: 24.869-495.363, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The GG genotype of rs743572 in CYP17A1 gene regulating the decrease of T/E ratio can be an independent risk factor for MetS-BPH populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200057632 "retrospectively registered". DATE OF REGISTRATION: March 15, 2022 "retrospectively registered".

The Impact of Irregular Menstruation on Health: A Review of the Literature.

Women are considered to have an irregular menstrual cycle if their cycle length is less than 21 days or more than 35 days, accompanied by less or very severe blood flow. The prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularities varies across countries. Irregular periods can occur due to changes in the body's levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones, which disrupt the normal pattern of the period. Menstrual irregularity has been found to be associated with various diseases and medical conditions, such as metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Anemia, osteoporosis, psychological problems, impaired quality of life, and infertility have also been recorded. Moreover, a significant correlation between irregular periods and the risk of developing pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders, as well as an increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, has been proven. Therefore, irregular menstruation is considered an important health indicator among women. Physical, mental, social, psychological, and reproductive problems are often associated with menstrual irregularities. Thus, evaluating the factors associated with irregular menstruation is necessary to determine appropriate preventive and treatment strategies and to decrease the associated health problems. The aim of this review was to define normal and irregular menstruation, their types, and prevalence, to recognize the risk factors and causes of irregular menstruation, and to understand their impact on women's health.

Diacylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoeabatatas L.) attenuate hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia in mice induced by a high-fructose/high-fat diet. / ç´«è–¯åŒé °åŸºèŠ±è‰²è‹·å¯¹é«˜æžœç³–/é«˜è„‚è‚ªé¥®é£Ÿè¯±å¯¼çš„å°é¼ é«˜è¡€ç³–å’Œé«˜å°¿é ¸è¡€ç—‡çš„è°ƒèŠ‚ä½œç”¨.

Studies have shown that targeting xanthine oxidase (XO) can be a feasible treatment for fructose-induced hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the dual regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of diacylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (diacylated AF-PSPs) on hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia induced by a high-fructose/high-fat diet. The body weight, organ index, serum biochemical indexes, and liver antioxidant indexes of mice were measured, and the kidneys were observed in pathological sections. The relative expression levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of fructose metabolism pathway enzymes in kidney were detected by fluorescent real-time quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR) reaction technique, and the expression of renal transporter protein and inflammatory factor pathway protein was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. Results showed that diacylated AF-PSPs alleviated hyperuricemia in mice, and that this effect might be related to the regulation of liver XO activity, lipid accumulation, and relevant renal transporters. Diacylated AF-PSPs reduced body weight and relieved lipid metabolism disorder, liver lipid accumulation, and liver oxidative stress, thereby enhancing insulin utilization and sensitivity, lowering blood sugar, and reducing hyperglycemia in mice. Also, diacylated AF-PSPs restored mRNA levels related to renal fructose metabolism, and reduced kidney injury and inflammation. This study provided experimental evidence for the mechanisms of dual regulation of blood glucose and uric acid (UA) by diacylated AF-PSPs and their utilization as functional foods in the management of metabolic syndrome.

Diacylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Ipomoeabatatas L.) attenuate hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia in mice induced by a high-fructose/high-fat diet / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Studies have shown that targeting xanthine oxidase (XO) can be a feasible treatment for fructose-induced hyperuricemia and hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the dual regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of diacylated anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (diacylated AF-PSPs) on hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia induced by a high-fructose/high-fat diet. The body weight, organ index, serum biochemical indexes, and liver antioxidant indexes of mice were measured, and the kidneys were observed in pathological sections. The relative expression levels of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of fructose metabolism pathway enzymes in kidney were detected by fluorescent real-time quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR) reaction technique, and the expression of renal transporter protein and inflammatory factor pathway protein was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique. Results showed that diacylated AF-PSPs alleviated hyperuricemia in mice, and that this effect might be related to the regulation of liver XO activity, lipid accumulation, and relevant renal transporters. Diacylated AF-PSPs reduced body weight and relieved lipid metabolism disorder, liver lipid accumulation, and liver oxidative stress, thereby enhancing insulin utilization and sensitivity, lowering blood sugar, and reducing hyperglycemia in mice. Also, diacylated AF-PSPs restored mRNA levels related to renal fructose metabolism, and reduced kidney injury and inflammation. This study provided experimental evidence for the mechanisms of dual regulation of blood glucose and uric acid (UA) by diacylated AF-PSPs and their utilization as functional foods in the management of metabolic syndrome.

Dietary Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Metabolism Syndrome-Associated Hyperuricemia in Rats via Regulating Uric Acid Synthesis, Glycolipid Metabolism, and Hepatic Injury.

Ferulic acid is a well-known phenolic acid compound and possesses multiple health-promoting and pharmacological effects. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hyperuricemia (HUA) have become health problems worldwide and are closely connected. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of ferulic acid on MetS-related HUA and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were administered high-fructose and high-fat diet (HFFD) with or without ferulic acid (0.05 and 0.1%) for 20 weeks. Intake of HFFD resulted in obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, which were alleviated by ferulic acid consumption. Treatment of rats with ferulic acid diminished the levels of lipids and inflammatory cytokines and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver caused by HFFD. Additionally, administration of ferulic acid blocked a HFFD-induced elevation in activities and mRNA expression of enzymes involving in uric acid (UA) synthesis. Molecular docking analysis denoted that ferulic acid bound to the active center of these enzymes, indicative of the potential interaction with each other. These two aspects might partially be responsible for the decrement in serum UA content after ferulic acid ingestion. In conclusion, ferulic acid supplementation ameliorated lipid and glucose metabolic abnormalities, hepatic damage, and UA formation in MetS rats. There was a dose correlation between lipid deposition and UA synthesis-related indicators. These findings implied that ferulic acid could be applied as a promising dietary remedy for the management of MetS-associated HUA.

Metabolic syndrome cannot mask the changes of faecal microbiota compositions caused by primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metabolic syndrome are closely associated with the composition of the gut microbiota (GM). Although it has been proposed that elements of the GM can be used as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC, whether metabolic syndrome results in a misrepresentation of the results of the early diagnosis of HCC using GM remains unclear. We compared the differences in the faecal microbiota of 10 patients with primary HCC, six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), seven patients with arterial hypertension, six patients with both HCC and T2DM, and 10 patients with both HCC and arterial hypertension, as well as 10 healthy subjects, using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Our results revealed a significant difference in the GM between subjects with and without HCC. The 49 bacterial genera out of the 494 detected genera were significantly different between the groups. These results show that changes in the GM can be used to distinguish between subjects with and without HCC, and can resist interference of T2DM and arterial hypertension with the GM. The results of the present study provide an important basis for the clinical auxiliary diagnosis of HCC by detecting the GM.

Association between ADIPOQ G276T and C11377G polymorphisms and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An updated meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant contributor to global hepatic disorders. ADIPOQ gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with NAFLD susceptibility, but with inconsistent results across the studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between ADIPOQ polymorphisms (+276G>T, rs1501299 and -11377C>G, rs266729) and the risk of NAFLD. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Wanfang, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were used to identify the relevant published literature. Statistical analyses were calculated with STATA 11.0 software and RevMan 5.2. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated to assess the strength of the associations. RESULTS: Eleven relevant articles with a total of 3,644 participants (1,847 cases/1,797 controls) were included. Our meta-analysis results revealed that ADIPOQ gene +276G>T polymorphism was not associated with NAFLD under various genetic models (allele model: OR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.69, 1.41]; dominant model: OR = 1.06, 95% CI [0.71, 1.58]; recessive model: OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.42, 1.65]; homozygous model: OR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.38, 1.95]; heterozygous model: OR = 1.10, 95% CI [0.80, 1.53]; respectively). Moreover, no statistical significant association was found between +276G>T and NAFLD risk in the subgroups. ADIPOQ gene -11377C>G polymorphism significantly increased the risk of NAFLD (allele model: OR = 1.49, 95% CI [1.28, 1.75]; dominant model: OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.35, 1.99]; recessive model: OR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.16, 2.70]; homozygous model: OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.38, 3.28]; heterozygous model: OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.29, 1.93]; respectively). CONCLUSION: ADIPOQ gene -11377C>G may be a risk factor for NAFLD, while there was no association between ADIPOQ gene +276G>T polymorphism and the risk of NAFLD. Further studies are needed to detect the relationship between these ADIPOQ polymorphisms and NAFLD.

Risk Analysis of Prostate Cancer Treatments in Promoting Metabolic Syndrome Development and the Influence of Increased Metabolic Syndrome on Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Outcome.

In clinical practice, few prostate cancer (PCa) patients are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), while few others acquire MetS during treatment. Whether the treatment of PCa increases the occurrence of MetS remains to be confirmed. This study reviewed the changes in MetS patients before and after PCa treatment to evaluate the effects of various treatment methods on MetS. We analyzed data of 1162 PCa patients, whether or not diagnosed with MetS, and changes in MetS patients after PCa treatment. Data of lower urinary tract symptoms, C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet distribution width (PDW), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, clinical stage, treatment methods, and progressive incidents were evaluated using logistic regression according to MetS diagnosis. The results showed significant differences in the prevalence of MetS before (17.38%) and after (23.67%) PCa treatment (P < 0.001). Bad diet, living habits, and prostate cancer treatment were considered as risk factors for MetS (OR = 1.731, 95%CI 1.367-2.193, P < 0.001). Radical prostatectomy (RP), androgen deprivation therapy including surgical castration and medical castration, iodine-125 seed brachytherapy (125I limited), and chemotherapy were independent risk factors of MetS. The MetS incidence rates after treatment in ADT+125I limited+chemotherapy compared to RP+TURP+EBRT were statistically significant at the corresponding risk grade (all P < 0.001). After treatment, the occurrence rates of progressive incidences were higher in MetS-PCa patients compared to non-MetS-PCa patients (all P < 0.001). So, the findings suggested that among PCa patients, multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of MetS, and PCa treatment is one among them. ADT+125I limited+chemotherapy may be the most influential treatment for MetS.

The single nucleotide polymorphism rs700518 is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia (MetS-BPH).

Studies have shown that 48.59% of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is combined with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mainstream view supports the correlation between MetS and BPH, but the pathogenesis of MetS-BPH is not fully understood. Four hundred and seventy-four men, aged 47 years or older, were recruited into this study by consecutive routine physical examination programs, and several parameters were obtained from each participant. Based on the diagnosis of BPH, MetS, and MetS-BPH, the participants were divided into BPH and Non-BPH groups, MetS and Non-MetS groups, as well as MetS-BPH and Non-MetS-BPH groups. The values of the obtained parameters were evaluated using Student's t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. The value of estradiol (E2) was higher in the diseased groups (BPH, MetS, and MetS-BPH groups) compared with the corresponding control groups (Non-BPH, Non-MetS, and Non-MetS-BPH groups), and the differences were statistically significant. Also, E2 had an independent association with BPH (OR = 2.286, 95% CI: 1.723-3.593, p < 0.001), MetS (OR = 1.406, 95% CI: 0.585-2.315, p < 0.001), and MetS-BPH (OR = 1.249, 95% CI: 0.795-1.962, p < 0.001). Regarding SNPs of CYP19A1 gene, both the rs4646 genotypes (CC, CA, and AA) and the rs700518 genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) were present in every group, and all genotypes had statistically significant differences between the diseased and corresponding control groups. However, only the TT genotype of rs700518 was independently associated with BPH, MetS, and MetS-BPH after adjusting for age. The TT genotype of rs700518 is an independent risk factor for the MetS-BPH populations, and the CYP19A1 gene regulation of estrogen leads to MetS-BPH.

Relationship between Cardiometabolic Parameters and Elevated Resting and Effort Heart Rate in Schoolchildren / Associação entre Indicadores Cardiometabólicos e Elevação da Frequência Cardíaca de Repouso e Esforço em Escolares

Abstract Background: Little has been studied on heart rate and its relationship with metabolic disorders. Objective: To identify possible association between heart rate (HR) and metabolic disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 2.098 subjects, aged between 7 and 17 years. The variables evaluated were: HR, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), double-product (DP), myocardial oxygen consumption (mVO2), lipids, glucose and uric acid levels, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The values of HR at rest and effort were divided into quartiles. The association between continuous values of HR and cardiometabolic indicators was tested by linear regression. Results: LDL cholesterol presented a significantly higher mean (p = 0.003) in schoolchildren with resting HR greater or equal to 91 bpm, compared to students with less than 75 bpm. Compared with the quartiles of effort HR, SBP, DBP, glucose and uric acid presented high values when HR was greater or equal than 185 bpm. SBP, glucose and HDL cholesterol demonstrated a significant association with resting HR. Uric acid was observed as a predictor of increased effort HR. Conclusion: Schoolchildren with a higher resting HR have higher mean of LDL cholesterol. For effort HR, there was an increase in blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels. Uric acid has been shown to be a predictor of elevated effort HR.

Resumo Fundamento: Pouco se tem estudado sobre frequência cardíaca e suas relações com alterações metabólicas. Objetivo: Verificar se existe associação entre frequência cardíaca e disfunções metabólicas em crianças e adolescentes. Método: Estudo transversal com 2.098 escolares, com idade entre 7 e 17 anos. As variáveis avaliadas foram: frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e de pulso (PP), duplo-produto (DP), consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio (mVO2), perfil lipídico e glicêmico, níveis de ácido úrico, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência da cintura (CC). Os valores de FC de repouso e esforço foram divididos em quartis. A associação entre os valores contínuos de FC com indicadores cardiometabólicos foi testada por meio da regressão linear. Resultados: O colesterol LDL apresentou média significativamente superior (p = 0,003) nos escolares com FC de repouso maior ou igual a 91 bpm, em comparação aos escolares que apresentaram menos de 75 bpm. Comparados com os quartis da FC de esforço, a PAS, PAD, glicose e ácido úrico apresentaram valores elevados quando a FC foi igual ou superior a 185 bpm. A PAS, a glicose e o colesterol HDL demonstraram associação significativa com a FC de repouso. Observou-se o ácido úrico como um preditor do aumento da FC de esforço. Conclusão: Escolares com FC de repouso mais elevada apresentam médias superiores de colesterol LDL. Para FC de esforço, observou-se elevação na pressão arterial, nos níveis de glicose e de ácido úrico. O ácido úrico demonstrou ser preditor da elevação da FC de esforço.

The Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Proliferation and Osteoblastic Differentiation of MSCs.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread chronic metabolic disease which has high mortality due to its complications. In addition to traditional medication, stem cell transplantation therapeutics has become a brand-new and prospective remedy for DM. With strong self-renewal and multi-potential ability, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as ideal cell sources of cell therapy for DM and many other diseases. However, not only do endogenous MSCs fail to replace the impaired islet cells, but also transplanted MSCs fail to cure many patients complicated with DM. Besides, quite a few DM patients suffer from high risk of fracture and low efficiency of bone regeneration, which are often associated with the osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. Recently, a number of researches have investigated that the changes in micro-environment by DM can affect biological characteristics of MSCs through many factors. SUMMARY: In this review, we summarize the developments in the influence of DM on proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs, and moreover, osteoporosis, obesity and metabolism syndrome, as they are closely related to DM.

Relative contributions of testosterone deficiency and metabolism syndrome at the risk of reduced quality of life: A cross-sectional study among Chinese mid-aged and elderly men.

Testosterone deficiency and metabolism syndrome (MetS) are universal among ageing males, and they have been suggested responsible for poorer quality of life (QoL). We aimed to evaluate the relative contributions of reproductive hormones and components of MetS at the risk of reduced QoL among Chinese mid-aged and elderly men. A cross-sectional study recruited 2,364 males aged 40-79 years, and 2,165 was included for analysis eventually. The Chinese version of ageing male symptoms scale, 36-item Short Form and Beck Depression Inventory were applied to assess QoL. Bivariate correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relative contributions of reproductive hormones and components of MetS at the risk of reduced QoL. Testosterone deficiency and MetS contributed to poorer QoL, of which higher fasting blood glucose made the primary contribution, lower total testosterone mainly contributed to poorer physical functioning.

Study on prospective memory in schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the event-based prospective memory(EBPM)and time-based prospective memory(TBPM)in schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome,and to provide theory basis for early intervention and treatment.Methods According to inclusion standard,50 schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome and 50 schizophrenia patients without metabolism syndrome matched in age,gender and education were assessed with a neuropsychological battery of tests including EB-PM and TBPM tasks.Results In the EBPM task,there was significant difference between schizophrenia pa-tients with and without metabolism syndrome (3.46±0.91 vs 3.86±0.81, t=-2.326, P=0.022).A statistically significant difference in TBPM was observed between schizophrenia patients with and without metabolism syn-drome (3.02±1.12 vs 3.78±0.89, t=-3.770, P=0.000).Conclusion The schizophrenia patients with me-tabolism syndrome have severer prospective memory impairment than those without metabolism syndrome.

Influence of leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg variation on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with metabolism syndrome / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the correlation between leptin receptor(LEPR)gene Gln223Arg variation with metabo-lism syndrome and its influence on ambulatory blood pressure .Methods Totally 167 patients with metabolism syndrome were se-lected and contemporaneous 216 individuals undergoing the physical examination were selected as the control group .The blood pres-sure ,ambulatory blood pressure ,biochemical indicators and insulin were detected in all the subjects .The DNA polymorphology a-nalysis was performed by adopteint PCR—restricted fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) .The Gln223Arg genotype was judged by electrophoresis and sequencing .Results Three genotypes of AA ,GG and AG were detected .The frequency of carrying A alleles in the metabolism syndrome group was significantly higher than that in the control group .The occurrence risk of metabolism syn-drome and non—dipper type blood pressure rhythm for carrying allele A was 3 .302 times(P=0 .000;95% CI:2 .432 —4 .483)and 2 .506 times of carrying allele G(P=0 .000 ;95% CI:1 .566 —4 .008) .The patients with AA genotype had higher BMI ,blood pres-sure ,blood glucose and fasting insulin levels ,more serious dyslipidemia ,greater waist circumference and higher insulin resistance in-dex .The patients with metabolism syndrome carrying A allele also had higher ambulatory blood pressure indexes .Conclusion LEPR gene Gln223Arg polymorphism A allele carrier has the great risk for metabolism syndrome occurrence ,higher ambulatory blood pressure ,moreover is more inclined to non—dipper type blood pressure rhythm .

Relationship Between Leptin Receptor Gene Gln223Arg Polymorphism and Metabolism Syndrome With its Impact on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between 1eptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism and metabolism syndrome (MS) with its impact on cardiac structure and function. Methods: Our research included 2 groups:MS group, n=167 patients with ifrst diagnosed MS without treatment in our hospital from 2005-10 to 2008-6 and Control group, n=216 healthy subjects from regular physical examination. Blood pressure, biochemical features, insulin levels and echocardiography were detected;leptin receptor Gln223Arg genotypes were measured by PCR-RFLP;the above indexes were compared between 2 groups. Results:The patients in MS group had the higher frequency of A allele than Control group. The MS occurrence rate in allele A carrier was 3.302 times higher than allele G carrier (P=0.000;95%CI 2.432-4.483). The patients in MS group already had left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function. Compared with MS G allele carriers, the A allele carriers had the higher BMI, blood pressure, glucose, fasting glucose and insulin levels, longer waist circumference, more serious dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function. Conclusion: Leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of MS occurrence and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia ameliorates myocardial apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondrial pathway in rats with metabolism syndrome / 中国药理学通报

Aim To confirm the inhibitory effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia ( CIHH) on my-ocardial apoptosis induced by metabolism syndrome ( MS) , and to investigate its mechanism. Methods A rat model of MS induced by fructose was used. The blood pressure and the plasma content of glucose, tri-glyceride, cholesterol, and insulin after 12 h fasting were detected. HE stain were used to detect the cardi-ac structure. The TUNEL staining and activity of caspase-3 were used to detect the apoptosis of myocar-dium. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot . Results Compared with the control rats, the blood pressure and the plasma content of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and insu-lin were all increased in rats with MS. In rats with MS, the impairment of cardiac structure and the increase of apoptosis were also observed. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated, and that of Bax was significantly up-regulated in MS rats. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was also significantly decreased. Interest-ingly, CIHH could ameliorate all of the above issues. There was no significant difference between control group and CIHH group. Conclusion CIHH may im-prove the increased apoptosis in rats with MS via inhib-iting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This stud-y might provide new targets for therapy and the preven-tion of MS patients.

Associations of -2548A/G polymorphism in leptin gene and Gln223Arg polymorphism in leptin receptor gene with asthma and metabolic syndrome / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of leptin gene -2548A/G and leptin receptor gene ( LEPR) Gln223Arg and asthma and metabolic syndrome.Methods: 82 asthma-combined metabolic syndrome patients,114 asthma patients,100 metabolic syndrome patients and 96 normal controls were conducted.The polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) analysis were performed to investigate the polymorphism of leptin gene -2548A/G and LEPR gene Gln223Arg site.In addition, asthma was graded into mild AS and mod-severe AS according to lung function.Then the associations between the polymorphism of leptin gene -2548A/G and LEPR gene Gln223Arg and different grades of asthma were performed.Results:①The biochemical indicators were different compared between each group.②The genotype and allele frequencies in leptin gene polymorphism -2548A/G were significantly difference between metabolic syndrome patients(P=0.047 and 0.046), asthma-combined metabolic syndrome patients( P=0.038 and 0.044) ,mod-severe asthma patients( P=0.019 and 0.028) and control group.③There was a significant difference of genotype and allele frequencies in LEPR gene Gln223Arg between metabolic syndrome patients and controls(P=0.037 and 0.023);between metabolic syndrome patients and asthma patients(P=0.000 and 0.000).There was a significant difference of allele frequencies in LEPR gene Gln223Arg between asthma-combined metabolic syndrome patients and asthma(P=0.032) .Conclusion: Polymorphisms of the leptin gene -2548A/G site may be associated with metabolic syndrome and mod-severe asthma.Polymorphisms of the LEPR gene Gln223Arg site may be only associated with metabolic syndrome.The two genes would be the candidate genes in early prevention and control.

The analysis of the relationship between the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the relationships between the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS).Methods One hundred and twenty-seven cases of NAFLD patients were selected from March 2011 to August 2012 in the First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University,of them,61 patients with mild NAFLD,45 patients with moderate and 21 patients with severe.And 21 cases without NAFLD were selected as control group during the same hospitalized period.All objects received the measures of height,body weight,waist circumference (WC),blood pressure; Liver ultrasonic examination,the examination of fasting plasma glucose,blood fat and hepatic function detections were also handed by special people.Results The proportion of overweight in the control group and the three NAFLD subgroups were 57.1％ (12/21),88.5％ (54/61),95.6％ (43/45) and 100％ (21/21) respectively (x2 =18.376,P ＜0.001) ;The proportion of the obesity in control group and the three NAFLD subgroups were 19.0％ (4/21),44.3％ (27/61),64.4％ (29/45) and 71.4％ (15/21) respectively(x2 =16.440,P =0.001).The proportion of the metabolic syndrome of the control group and the three NAFLD subgroups were 14.3％ (3/21),45.9％(28/61),71.1％ (32/45) and 71.4％ (15/21) respectively (x2 =22.637,P ＜ 0.05).All three subgroups of NAFLD were higher than the control group (x2 =6.641,P ＜ 0.05 ; x2 =18.562,P ＜ 0.05 ; x2 =14.000,P ＜0.05,respectively).The severity of NAFLD was positively correlated with BMI,WC,TG,FBG,SBP,and DBP (r =0.467,0.503,0.386,0.369,0.279,0.295,P ＜ 0.01),and negatively correlated with HDL-C (r =-0.209,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The severity of NAFLD had significant correlations with metabolic syndrome's components.

Epidemiological study on present situation and influencing factors for abnormal glycometabolism in elderly Han population in Urumqi / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus in Han population aged over 60 years in Urumqi. Methods The physical examination and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed in 2210 people, including 1231 elderly people aged over 60 years (old age group) and 951 people aged 40-59 years (middle age group). The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was established according to WHO criteria in 1999. Results In Han ethnic people, the prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes were 32.2% and 29.0% respectively in old age group, and were significantly higher than in middle age group ( 12.3% and 20.9%,x2= 192.62, P＜0.05). The prevalence rates of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were higher in old age group than in middle age people (21.6% vs. 13.9%, x2 = 20.97, P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) between the two groups. The prevalence rate of metabolism syndrome (MS) was higher in old age group than in middle age group (52.2% vs. 33.7%, x2 =73.77, P＜0.05). The multivariable analysis showed that hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, family history of diabetes mellitus were risk factors for development of diabetes mellitus in elderly Han population (x2 =44.34, P＜0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rates of diabetes and pre-diabetes are considerably high in the current state. It should be strengthened to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in Urumqi Han population,especially in residents aged over 60 years.