Utility of detection of breast calcifications with integrated real-time radiography system (IRRS) during digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-guided vacuum assisted biopsy (VAB): initial single-center experience.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the presence of calcifications in specimens collected during stereotactic-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsies (VABB) is sufficient to ascertain their adequacy for final diagnosis at pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-guided VABBs were performed on 74 patients with calcifications as target. Each biopsy consisted of the collection of 12 samplings with a 9-gauge needle. This technique was integrated with a real-time radiography system (IRRS) which allowed the operator to determine whether calcifications were included in the specimens at the end of each of the 12 tissue collections through the acquisition of a radiograph of every sampling. Calcified and non-calcified specimens were separately sent to pathology and evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 888 specimens were retrieved, 471 containing calcifications and 417 without. In 105 (22.2%) samples out of 471 with calcifications cancer was detected, while the remaining 366 (77.7%) were non-cancerous. Out of 417 specimens without calcifications 56 (13.4%) were cancerous, whereas 361 (86.5%) were non-cancerous. Seven hundred and twenty-seven specimens out of all 888 were cancer-free (81.8%, 95%CI 79-84%). CONCLUSION: Although there is a statistical significative difference between calcified and non-calcified samples and the detection of cancer (p < 0.001), our study shows that the sole presence of calcifications in the specimens is not sufficient to determine their adequacy for final diagnosis at pathology because non-calcified samples can be cancerous and vice-versa. Ending biopsies when calcifications are first detected through IRRS could lead to false negative results.

Multimodality imaging beyond CLEM: Showcases of combined in-vivo preclinical imaging and ex-vivo microscopy to detect murine mural vascular lesions.

In imaging, penetration depth comes at the expense of lateral resolution, which restricts the scope of 3D in-vivo imaging of small animals at micrometer resolution. Bioimaging will need to expand beyond correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) approaches to combine insights about in-vivo dynamics in a physiologically relevant 3D environment with ex-vivo information at micrometer resolution (or beyond) within the spatial, structural and biochemical contexts. Our report demonstrates the immense potential for biomedical discovery and diagnosis made available by bridging preclinical in-vivo imaging with ex-vivo biological microscopy to zoom in from the whole organism to individual structures and by adding localized spectroscopic information to structural and functional information. We showcase the use of two novel imaging pipelines to zoom into mural lesions (occlusions/hyperplasia and micro-calcifications) in murine vasculature in a truly correlative manner, that is using exactly the same animal for all integrated imaging modalities. This correlated multimodality imaging (CMI) approach includes well-established technologies such as Positron Emission Tomography (microPET), Autoradiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (microMRI) and Computed Tomography (microCT), and imaging approaches that are more novel in the biomedical setting, such as X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (microXRF) and High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM). Although the current pipelines are focused on mural lesions, they would also be beneficial in preclinical and clinical investigations of vascular diseases in general.

On the chemical composition of psammoma bodies microcalcifications in thyroid cancer tissues.

Recently the knowledge of chemical composition of pathological mineralizations is an important topic extensively studied because it could give more in-depth information to understand pathologies themselves and to improve prevention methods. In this work, psammoma bodies (PBs) microcalcifications in thyroid cancer tissue are investigated by different and complementary analytical methods as: micro-Fourier transformed spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging (EDX). For the first time the micro-FTIR analysis of the only inorganic phase isolated from PBs was reported. Signals of the recorded spectrum showed that the main component of the calcifications is the amorphous carbonated calcium phosphate, and the IR spectrum of thyroid PBs is strongly consistent with that of PBs in human ovarian tumors. The XRF and the ICP analysis detected also the presence of iron ad zinc in thyroid PBs. These results are validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging (EDX) carried out on tissue samples of the papillary thyroid carcinoma. By these analytical methods magnesium and sodium were detected within PBs while the presence of iron was confirmed by the Perls test. Summarizing the results of applied analytical methods, the main detected elements within the thyroid psammoma bodies are Ca, P, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn. Magnesium and sodium are found in malignant breast cancer microcalcifications, thus they seem correlated to neoplastic transformation. The Fe and Zn elements could give information about the origin of these pathological microcalcifications.

Clinical study on the ultrasound guided mammotome biopsy for micro-calcifications visible in mammog-raphy / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility and advantages of ultrasound guided mammo-tome biopsy for micro-calcifications visible in mammography. Methods A total of 12 patients with mammogra-phy-revealed micro-calcifications examined by ultrasound guided vacuum-assisted biopsy in our hospital from Jun. 2017 to Dec. 2018 were enrolled in this study and their medical records data were analyzed. Results All 12 patients had accepted pre-biopsy ultrasound localization and all micro-calcifications were successfully excised. A-mong 12 cases, 4 were revealed as benign breast diseases and 8 were diagnosed as breast cancer. Conclusions Ul-trasound guided mammotome biopsy is found to be an alternative method to stereotactic biopsy in patients with US-detectable micro-calcifications, and re-scan ultrasonography focusing on the specific microcalcification area may be helpful for improving the ultrasound detection rate of micro-calcifications.

Clinical study on the ultrasound guided mammotome biopsy for micro-calcifications visible in mammography / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical feasibility and advantages of ultrasound guided mammotome biopsy for micro-calcifications visible in mammography.@*Methods@#A total of 12 patients with mammography-revealed micro-calcifications examined by ultrasound guided vacuum-assisted biopsy in our hospital from Jun. 2017 to Dec. 2018 were enrolled in this study and their medical records data were analyzed.@*Results@#All 12 patients had accepted pre-biopsy ultrasound localization and all micro-calcifications were successfully excised. Among 12 cases, 4 were revealed as benign breast diseases and 8 were diagnosed as breast cancer.@*Conclusions@#Ultrasound guided mammotome biopsy is found to be an alternative method to stereotactic biopsy in patients with US-detectable micro-calcifications, and re-scan ultrasonography focusing on the specific microcalcification area may be helpful for improving the ultrasound detection rate of micro-calcifications.

Differentiation of ductal carcinoma in-situ from benign micro-calcifications by dedicated breast computed tomography.

PURPOSE: Compare conspicuity of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) to benign calcifications on unenhanced (bCT), contrast-enhanced dedicated breast CT (CEbCT) and mammography (DM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant study. 42 women with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 or 5 category micro-calcifications had breast CT before biopsy. Three subjects with invasive disease at surgery were excluded. Two breast radiologists independently compared lesion conspicuity scores (CS) for CEbCT, to bCT and DM. Enhancement was measured in Hounsfield units (HU). Mean CS ± standard deviations are shown. Receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) measured radiologists' discrimination performance by comparing CS to enhancement alone. Statistical measurements were made using ANOVA F-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test and robust linear regression analyses. RESULTS: 39 lesions (17 DCIS, 22 benign) were analyzed. DCIS (8.5 ± 0.9, n=17) was more conspicuous than benign micro-calcifications (3.6 ± 2.9, n=22; p<0.0001) on CEbCT. DCIS was equally conspicuous on CEbCT and DM (8.5 ± 0.9, 8.7 ± 0.8, n=17; p=0.85) and more conspicuous when compared to bCT (5.3 ± 2.6, n=17; p<0.001). All DCIS enhanced; mean enhancement (90HU ± 53HU, n=17) was higher compared to benign lesions (33 ± 30HU, n=22) (p<0.0001). ROC analysis of the radiologists' CS showed high discrimination performance (AUC=0.94) compared to enhancement alone (AUC=0.85) (p<0.026). CONCLUSION: DCIS is more conspicuous than benign micro-calcifications on CEbCT. DCIS visualization on CEbCT is equal to mammography but improved compared to bCT. Radiologists' discrimination performance using CEBCT is significantly higher than enhancement values alone. CEbCT may have an advantage over mammography by reducing false positive examinations when calcifications are analyzed.

Application of mammography X-ray photography and micro-calcifica-tions in diagnosis of breast disease with breast nonpalpable / 中国现代医生

Objective To discuss application of mammography X-ray photography and micro-calcifications in diagnosis of breast disease in breast nonpalpable. Methods Clinical data of 71 cases with breast disease with breast nonpalpable were respectively analyzed. Application of mammography X-ray photography and micro-calcifications in diagnosis of breast disease with breast nonpalpable was analyzed. Results Of 71 patients, 46 cases were benign calcifications, and 25 cases were malignant calcifications. Patients with malignant showed more calcification clusters, more points of cal-cification, more calcified particles in each clustered calcifications, larger calcification diameter, higher-density clusters of calcification, calcification uneven particle size and uneven density. Conclusion Mammography X-ray photography and micro-calcifications in diagnosis of breast disease with breast nonpalpable shows important clinical significance, and provide the basis for clinical diagnosis.

Computer aided detection system for micro calcifications in digital mammograms.

Breast cancer continues to be a significant public health problem in the world. Early detection is the key for improving breast cancer prognosis. Mammogram breast X-ray is considered the most reliable method in early detection of breast cancer. However, it is difficult for radiologists to provide both accurate and uniform evaluation for the enormous mammograms generated in widespread screening. Micro calcification clusters (MCCs) and masses are the two most important signs for the breast cancer, and their automated detection is very valuable for early breast cancer diagnosis. The main objective is to discuss the computer-aided detection system that has been proposed to assist the radiologists in detecting the specific abnormalities and improving the diagnostic accuracy in making the diagnostic decisions by applying techniques splits into three-steps procedure beginning with enhancement by using Histogram equalization (HE) and Morphological Enhancement, followed by segmentation based on Otsu's threshold the region of interest for the identification of micro calcifications and mass lesions, and at last classification stage, which classify between normal and micro calcifications 'patterns and then classify between benign and malignant micro calcifications. In classification stage; three methods were used, the voting K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (K-NN) with prediction accuracy of 73%, Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM) with prediction accuracy of 83%, and Artificial Neural Network classifier (ANN) with prediction accuracy of 77%.

Correlación y características de microcalcificaciones: en pacientes clase III, IV, V con resultados histológicos / Micro calcification correlation and characteristics: in parients class III, IV, V with histological results

Analizar las características de las microcalcificaciones en un grupo de pacientes clasificados como clase III, IV y V; y correlacionarlos con los resultados histológicos. Entre mayo 2004 y mayo 2009 se biopsiaron 165 pacientes bajo guía estereotáxica de las cuales 7 fueron clase III, 142 clase IV y 16 clase V. Se analizaron: por número, área, forma y distribución para establecer la clase mastológica y se correlacionaron con la histología. La clase mastológica predominante fue clase IV 142 pacientes (86,06 por ciento), clase V 16 pacientes (9,70 por ciento) y clase III 7 pacientes (4,24 por ciento), las características morfológicas predominantes fueron las microcalcificaciones amorfas (43,03 por ciento), el resultado histopatológico de las microcalcificaciones amorfas agrupadas se relacionan en mayor porcentaje con lesiones benignas 58,9 por ciento, mientras que las microcalcificaciones granulares segmentarias se relacionan predominantemente con lesiones proliferativas malignas 85,61 por ciento y 80 por ciento respectivamente, el fibroadenoma mamario fue el más frecuente con 20 casos (22,47 por ciento), de las lesiones proliferativas típicas la adenosis esclerosante fue predominante en 40 casos (59,70 por ciento), de lesiones proliferativas atípicas, la atipia epitelial plana tuvo mayor incidencia 7 (58,33 por ciento) y la patología maligna el carcinoma intraductal con 27 casos (50,94 por ciento). Existe correlación entre la morfología y distribución de las microcalcificaciones con respecto al resultado de anatomía patológica, microcalcificaciones amorfas agrupadas se relacionan con patología benigna, mientras que microcalcificaciones granulares segmentarias y amorfas segmentarias se correlacionan con patología proliferativa y maligna.

Analyzing the characteristics of micro calcifications biopsy under stereotactic guidance in group of patients classified class III, IV, V, correlate with histological results. In service imaging and intervention of unit Mastology, Barcelona period May 2004-May 2009 biopsied 206 patients were guided by stereotaxic micro calcifications which 7 were class III 142 class IV 16 class V. Analyzed number, area, shape, and distribution to establish the class mastologic and correlated with histological. 181 patients with diagnosis of microcalcifications, which are considered suspect classification BIRADS. The class was predominant s IV 142 patients (86.06 percent), followed by class V 16 patients (9.70 percent) class III and 7 patients (4.24 percent), the predominant morphological feature were clustered amorphous micro calcifications (43.03 percent), with regard to histopathologic results are clustered amorphous microcalcifications associated with greater percentage benign lesions 58.9 percent, while the segmental granular and amorphous microcalcifications relate predominantly segmental proliferative and malignant lesions and 80 percent 85.61 percent respectively, of the lesions found fibroadenoma was the most frequent with 20 cases (22.47 percent), proliferative lesions typical of sclerosing adenosis was predominant 40 cases (59.70 percent) atypical proliferative lesions, flat epithelial atypia had higher incidence 7 (58.33 percent) malignant pathology the intraductal carcinoma 27 cases (50.94 percent). Correlation between morphology distributions of micro calcifications on the outcome pathologic clustered amorphous micro calcifications associated with benign disease, while segmental granular amorphous micro calcifications correlated with segmental proliferative and malignant.