Photobiomodulation Therapy Improves Inflammatory Responses by Modifying Stereological Parameters, microRNA-21 and FGF2 Expression.

Introduction: Photobiomodulation treatment (PBMT) is a relatively invasive method for treating wounds. An appropriate type of PBMT can produce desired and directed cellular and molecular processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of PBMT on stereological factors, bacterial count, and the expression of microRNA-21 and FGF2 in an infected, ischemic, and delayed wound healing model in rats with type one diabetes mellitus. Methods: A delayed, ischemic, and infected wound was produced on the back skin of all 24 DM1 rats. Then, they were put into 4 groups at random (n=6 per group): 1=Control group day4 (CGday4); 2=Control group day 8 (CGday8); 3=PBMT group day4 (PGday4), in which the rats were exposed to PBMT and killed on day 4; 4=PBMT group day8 (PGday8), in which the rats received PBMT and they were killed on day 8. The size of the wound, the number of microbial colonies, stereological parameters, and the expression of microRNA-21 and FGF2 were all assessed in this study throughout the inflammation (day 4) and proliferation (day 8) stages of wound healing. Results: On days 4 and 8, we discovered that the PGday4 and PGday8 groups significantly improved stereological parameters in comparison with the same CG groups. In terms of ulcer area size and microbiological counts, the PGday4 and PGday8 groups performed much better than the same CG groups. Simultaneously, the biomechanical findings in the PGday4 and PGday8 groups were much more extensive than those in the same CG groups. On days 4 and 8, the expression of FGF2 and microRNA-21 was more in all PG groups than in the CG groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: PBMT significantly speeds up the repair of ischemic and MARS-infected wounds in DM1 rats by lowering microbial counts and modifying stereological parameters, microRNA-21, and FGF2 expression.

Assessment of mold and yeast in some bakery products of Lahore, Pakistan based on LM and SEM.

The present investigation was designed to throw light on the microbial status of bakery products available in bakeries and supermarkets of Lahore. Different bakery samples such as biscuits, pizza, patties were collected from different localities such as Anar Kali, Chauburji, Faisal Town, Iqbal Town, Model Town, Muslim Town were investigated for mold and yeast using serial dilution technique inoculated over malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar under sterilized conditions. Isolated fungi were namely Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Curvularia americana, Fusarium solani, Penicillium digitatum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Geotrichum candidum. Results depicted maximum fungal viable count in biscuits, collected from Model Town while minimum count was in the samples of Chauburji. In the case of pizza, the maximum fungal viable count was found in the sample of Muslim Town. In the case of patties, the maximum fungal viable count was found in the sample of Muslim Town while minimum count was found in the sample of Iqbal Town. Prevalence of microorganisms may be due to the use of contaminated raw material, use of polluted waters, human handling, and the use of contaminated containers. Contaminated food intake can lead to measurable signs of liver injury, inflammation, etc. Preventive measures like washing and drying of hands before preparing food, cleaning of food preparation areas, and the use of clean equipment can avoid microbes which cause hazards to human health. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Bakery products of Lahore, Pakistan is investigated for the first time on the basis of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found very significant to check the quality of bakery products or not.

Comparison of the positive rate of microbiological examination in different clinical specimens / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To compare the positive rate of microbiological examination in different clinical specimens, and to provide reliable basis for improving the quality of microbiological examination and management of nosocomial infection.@*Methods@#A total of 2 028 bacterial culture specimens were collected from the hospitalized patients in the Second People's Hospital of Jinanfrom March 2016 to February 2018.The samples were examined by Micro Scan autoSCAN4 automatic bacteriological identification analyzer.Strictly according to the specification of the standard operation, the positive rates of microbial testingof all kinds of clinical specimens were statistically analyzed.@*Results@#The positive rate of microbiological examination in 2 028 clinical specimens was 44.33%.The positive rate of microbiological examination in sputum was the highest(58.96%), followed by ophthalmic secretion(40.64%), eye contents(37.96%), urine(34.55%), blood(21.11%).@*Conclusion@#The positive rate of microbiological examination is different in different clinical specimens.The epidemiological situation of nosocomial infection can be understood by analyzing the microbiological examination of different clinical specimens in clinic.In order to provide a reliable basis for clinical prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection, and to further improve the positive rate of clinical microbiological examination, we should actively carry out improvement countermeasures against its influencing factors.

Study on dry-heat sterilization process of Scutellaria Baicalensis Radix powder / 中草药

Objective: Through orthogonal test to find out the scientific conditions for dry-heat sterilization process of Scutellaria Baicalensis Radix powder. Methods: The microbial (bacterium and molds) quantity and the content of baicalin as the indexes, the temperature, time, thickness of powder as factors, the sterilization process for Scutellaria Baicalensis Radix powder was determined by L9(34) orthogonal test. Results: The optimal technological conditions for sterilization were 100°C, 10 h, and the powder thickness of 2 cm. Conclusion: This condition is proved by the amplified test and the large scale production, after the sterilization, the hygiene indexes of Scutellaria Baicalensis Radix powder can reach the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. There is a good reproducibility but no significant difference for the content of baicalin before and after the sterilization.