Potentially toxic trace elements in the muscle of coastal South American fish: Implications for human consumption and health risk assessment.

Micropogonias furnieri and Urophycis brasiliensis are two coastal demersal fish species distributed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Considering that many coastal areas in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean suffer from anthropogenic pressure, the aim of this study was to assess the level of potentially toxic trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn) in the muscle of coastal species, and evaluated the human health risk related to the consumption of muscle. Mercury, inorganic As (Asi), V, and Se showed a higher contribution to the total THQ. Considering two possible scenarios, Asi represents 1 % or 5 % of the total As, the total THQ was <1 for general population and of some health concerns for fishermen population (Total THQ > 1; 5 % Asi). Consequently these results show the importance of quantifying As species in muscle to generate more reliable risk estimates for human health.

Molecular phylogenetic relationship between Philometroides tahieli (Nematoda, Philometridae) and other philometrids from South America.

In South America, the family Philometridae is represented by several genera and species. In particular, Philometra and Philometroides are the most speciose genera. In Argentina, only Philometroides tahieli has been reported so far. The main objective of this study was to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between Ps. tahieli and other South American philometrids using molecular data. The molecular analysis was performed using a female specimen of Ps. tahieli found on the opercular muscle of a juvenile Micropogonias furnieri from brackish waters in Argentina. Phylogenetic relationships were studied based on partial sequences of the 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA genes. In the 18S rDNA tree, Ps. tahieli was mainly grouped with other Philometroides from freshwater hosts from China, sharing the site of infection (head tissues or muscles). In the 28S rDNA tree, obtained with fewer sequences, Ps. tahieli is related species from subcutaneous tissues of head. This study contributes with information on philometrids and confirms the presence of different lineages among South American species, with Ps. tahieli representing a new one. Further studies on South American species using more molecular markers and new morphological characters will improve our knowledge of philometrid biodiversity and phylogeny.

Preparation and Characterization of Microcapsules Containing Antioxidant Fish Protein Hydrolysates: a New Use of Bycatch in Brazil.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of complexation and microencapsulation with pea protein on the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates from bycatch in Brazil. The zeta potential values of complexes changed from negative to positive with the increase of pea protein as a result of positively charged complexes formation. The increase in the ratio of pea protein/hydrolysates also resulted in increased turbidity in all samples. Particle size measurements indicated that the complexes tended to form larger aggregates (ranged from 61.5 ± 1.7 µm to 183 ± 2.8 µm). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the pea protein/fish protein hydrolysate complexes was higher than that of the protein hydrolysates alone. Moreover, increasing levels of pea protein did not affect the antioxidant activity of fish protein hydrolysates. The complexes of the Paralonchurus brasiliensis were chosen for the microencapsulation process by spray-drying. The results revealed that spray-drying did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the protein hydrolysate antioxidant activity when they were complexed with pea protein. Thus, this work suggests that the complexation with pea protein and subsequent microencapsulation by spray-drying is an efficient way to protect the biological activity of protein hydrolysates obtained from bycatch. This study provides evidence for the potential use of bycatch from shrimp fisheries as functional ingredients or nutraceuticals.

Ability of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from fish of the Lagoa dos Patos estuary in south Brazil to form biofilms after sublethal stress and bacterial resistance to antibiotics and sanitizers.

The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Vibrio vulnificus in fish captured at the Lagoa dos Patos estuary (RS, Brazil), to establish a correlation between bacterial biofilm formation and sublethal stress, and to assess the resistance of the isolates to antimicrobials and sanitizers. A total of 217 isolates characteristic of Vibrio sp. were analyzed. Isolates were identified and subsequently their ability to form biofilm, the impact of exposure to sublethal stress on their biofilm formation ability, and their resistance to antimicrobial and to sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide sanitizers were evaluated. V. vulnificus was isolated from the fish Paralichthys orbignyanus and Micropogonias furnieri. The bacterial isolates examined were able to form biofilms. Biofilm formation ability of these strains was decreased or inhibited after being exposed to sublethal stress. The isolates were resistant to most antimicrobials. The sanitizer concentrations necessary to eliminate V. vulnificus were higher than those usually used in the fishing industry.

Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in whitemouth croakers from Southeastern Brazil.

The whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is one of the most commercially important species along the Atlantic coast of South America. Moreover, some of its biological traits (long life span, inshore feeding, high trophic position) make this species a suitable sentinel of coastal pollution. Here, we investigated contamination by multiple legacy and emerging organic pollutants, such as brominated and chlorinated flame retardants, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), in whitemouth croakers from two estuaries (Guanabara and Sepetiba Bays) located in industrialized and urbanized areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we assessed how biological and ecological features could explain the observed contamination patterns. Regarding brominated flame retardants, concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) varied from 7.6 to 879.7 pg g-1 wet weight (w.w.), with high contribution of tetra-, penta-, hexa- and deca-BDEs. The sum of chlorinated flame retardants (dechlorane-related compounds, ΣDRC) ranged from

DNA Barcode reveals mislabelling in the identification of marine fish swimming bladders for commercialization.

Sequences of the mitochondrial gene COI (DNA Barcode) wereused to identify marine fish swimming bladders commercialized in Brazil. The comparisons of the obtained sequences of the samples registered as catfish for the commerce with previously published data available in NCBI and BOLD showed that the fish products commercialized corresponded to two Perciform species, Pogonias cromis and Micropogonias furnieri. These results besides contradicting the formal identification of the species included in the fisheries control revealed an illegal trade of one of these species, M. furnieri that is threatened and consequently have its capture prohibited.

Occurrence of halogenated natural products in highly consumed fish from polluted and unpolluted tropical bays in SE Brazil.

Natural compounds from the metabolism of marine organisms have been detected at high concentrations in environmental samples which are not the producers of these compounds. These natural substances are known as halogenated natural products (HNPs). HNPs are possibly toxic halogenated compounds analogous to POPs that may bioaccumulate and biomagnify along the food web and pose a further risk to human and environmental health. The present study analyzed the occurrence of HNPs in the edible muscle of the three most consumed commercial fish species in the state of Rio de Janeiro: sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis), whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) and mullet (Mugil liza) from the highly polluted Guanabara Bay (GB) and the less polluted Ilha Grande Bay (IGB). The analytical steps included Soxhlet extraction, clean-up step and injection in a gas chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer operated in the electron-capture negative ion mode (GC/ECNI-MS). The compounds 2,4,6-TBP, 2,4,6-TBA, MHC-1, Q1, 6-MeO-BDE 47 and 2'-MeO-BDE 68 were found in the analyzed fish from both studied areas. Q1, 6-MeO-BDE 47 and 2'-MeO-BDE 68 showed the highest concentrations in samples. Q1 concentrations in the sardines from IGB were higher than the sardines from GB (p < 0.05) and higher than the other IGB species (p < 0.05). The differences found among the species may be related to their characteristic habitat and diet. It is noteworthy that most of these compounds do not have any toxicological reference value. Moreover, the HNPs are being detected in species of low trophic level and since this study has worked only with commercial species, these fish may be considered as a source for human exposure to these natural compounds.

Nematode parasites of commercially important fish from the southeast coast of Brazil: Morphological and genetic insight.

Studies of nematofauna of teleost fish from the Brazilian coast are relatively scarce and limited to identification based on morphology. The objective of the present study was to determine the diversity and prevalence of nematode parasites in teleost fish from the southeast Atlantic coast of Rio de Janeiro, through morphological, molecular, and ecological approaches. Parasites were collected from sixty specimens each of Genypterus brasiliensis, Micropogonias furnieri, and Mullus argentinae obtained in winters and summers of 2012­2014. Morphological and genetic characterization was conducted using light microscopy and the molecular targets 18S rDNA, ITS1, and mtDNA cox2. Nematodes identified in M. furnieri were Cucculanus genypteri (n = 1575, P = 98.3%) and Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) (n = 2, P = 3.3%); in G. brasiliensis were Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sciaenidicola (n = 99, P = 33.3%), Cucculanus pulcherrimus (n = 45, P = 18.3%), Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) (n = 3, P = 5%), and Anisakis typica (n = 1, P = 1.7%); and, in M. argentinae, were H. deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) (n = 146, P = 48.3%), and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus (n = 4, P = 6.7%). DNA sequence data of C. genypteri, C. pulcherrimus, D. (C.) sciaenidicola, and P. (S.) halitrophus were reported for the first time. New host records are M. argentinae for P. (S.) halitrophus, M. furnieri for A. typica, while H. deardorffoverstreetorum (s.l.) was found in all three fish species. Intestine showed significantly higher intensity than other sites, and no significant seasonal variation in parasitological indices was observed. Hysterothylacium specimens (n = 6) were found in fish muscle, potentially a public health concern.

Influência da aplicação de irradiação por feixe de elétrons na qualidade microbiológica de filés de corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) refrigerados / Influence of irradiation application for electron beam on the microbiological quality of chilled croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) fillets

A adequada manipulação do pescado desde sua captura até seu processamento tecnológico, além da manutenção das condições higiênico-sanitárias, o que inclui a qualidade da água utilizada na cadeia, influencia na carga microbiana inicial apresentada. A fim de retardar o processo de deterioração, diminuir as perdas e os riscos iminentes à saúde coletiva, como a propagação de agentes etiológicos de doenças alimentares, são empregados diferentes métodos de conservação. Os feixes de elétrons são utilizados em vários países e levam à destruição dos microrganismos por alterações em suas estruturas, as quais ocorrem pela remoção de elétrons de seus átomos. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, contribuir para a avaliação da eficiência da irradiação por feixe de elétrons na qualidade microbiológica de filés de corvina (M. furnieri) refrigerados, desembarcados no município de Niterói - RJ, Brasil. Foram realizadas contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias psicrotróficas e enumeração de Enterococcus spp. e, posteriormente, comparadas as amostras do grupo controle com as dos grupos irradiados a doses de 0,7 e 1,0kGy. Os peixes inteiros foram adquiridos no cais de Itaipu, filetados no mercado, embalados a vácuo e mantidos a ±4°C. Embora não tenha sido encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os três grupos (P>0,05) em nenhuma das análises, concluiu-se que o processamento utilizado foi eficaz na redução do crescimento das três bactérias pesquisadas no dia zero de ambos os grupos irradiados.(AU)

The proper handling of fish from capture to technological processing, as well as maintenance of sanitary conditions and the quality of water, can influence the initial microbial load presented. In order to slow down the deterioration process, the reduction of losses and eminent risk to public health as the spread of etiological agents of foodborne illness are different methods used for storage. Electron beams are used in several countries and lead to the destruction of microorganisms by changes in their structures, which occur by removing electrons from their atoms. The objective in the present study contributes to the evaluation of electron beam irradiation efficiency in microbiological quality of chilled croaker fillets (M. furnieri), landed in Niterói - RJ, Brazil. Were performed Bacteria Count Heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic bacteria Heterotrophic Aerobic and enumeration of Enterococcus spp. and subsequently compared to the control group of samples with the groups irradiated at doses of 0.7 and 1.0kGy. Whole fish were purchased from the Itaipu pier, threaded on the market, vacuum packed and kept at ±4°C. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05) in any of the analyzes, it was concluded that the application of this technology was effective in reducing the growth of the three bacteria surveyed on day zero of both irradiated groups.(AU)

Influência da aplicação de irradiação por feixe de elétrons na qualidade microbiológica de filés de corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) refrigerados / Influence of irradiation application for electron beam on the microbiological quality of chilled croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) fillets

A adequada manipulação do pescado desde sua captura até seu processamento tecnológico, além da manutenção das condições higiênico-sanitárias, o que inclui a qualidade da água utilizada na cadeia, influencia na carga microbiana inicial apresentada. A fim de retardar o processo de deterioração, diminuir as perdas e os riscos iminentes à saúde coletiva, como a propagação de agentes etiológicos de doenças alimentares, são empregados diferentes métodos de conservação. Os feixes de elétrons são utilizados em vários países e levam à destruição dos microrganismos por alterações em suas estruturas, as quais ocorrem pela remoção de elétrons de seus átomos. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, contribuir para a avaliação da eficiência da irradiação por feixe de elétrons na qualidade microbiológica de filés de corvina (M. furnieri) refrigerados, desembarcados no município de Niterói - RJ, Brasil. Foram realizadas contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias psicrotróficas e enumeração de Enterococcus spp. e, posteriormente, comparadas as amostras do grupo controle com as dos grupos irradiados a doses de 0,7 e 1,0kGy. Os peixes inteiros foram adquiridos no cais de Itaipu, filetados no mercado, embalados a vácuo e mantidos a ±4°C. Embora não tenha sido encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os três grupos (P>0,05) em nenhuma das análises, concluiu-se que o processamento utilizado foi eficaz na redução do crescimento das três bactérias pesquisadas no dia zero de ambos os grupos irradiados.

The proper handling of fish from capture to technological processing, as well as maintenance of sanitary conditions and the quality of water, can influence the initial microbial load presented. In order to slow down the deterioration process, the reduction of losses and eminent risk to public health as the spread of etiological agents of foodborne illness are different methods used for storage. Electron beams are used in several countries and lead to the destruction of microorganisms by changes in their structures, which occur by removing electrons from their atoms. The objective in the present study contributes to the evaluation of electron beam irradiation efficiency in microbiological quality of chilled croaker fillets (M. furnieri), landed in Niterói - RJ, Brazil. Were performed Bacteria Count Heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic bacteria Heterotrophic Aerobic and enumeration of Enterococcus spp. and subsequently compared to the control group of samples with the groups irradiated at doses of 0.7 and 1.0kGy. Whole fish were purchased from the Itaipu pier, threaded on the market, vacuum packed and kept at ±4°C. Although there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05) in any of the analyzes, it was concluded that the application of this technology was effective in reducing the growth of the three bacteria surveyed on day zero of both irradiated groups.

A new species of philometrid parasite (Nematoda, Philometridae) and histopathological lesions in juvenile whitemouth croakers, Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest).

A new species of nematode parasite, Philometroides tahieli sp. nov. is described. The juvenile whitemouth croaker, Micropogonias furnieri Desmarest, was collected during the spring and summer of the years 2008-2010 from estuarial environments of Argentina. During investigations of the parasite fauna a nematode encapsulated in the musculature of the operculum was found. The nematodes were removed from the host's muscle tissue and slide-mounted in lactophenol solution to clarify the specimens. Opercular muscle with the parasite was processed for histopathological examination. Philometroides tahieli sp. nov. can be identified by the location of gravid females in the host, presence of anterior oesophageal bulb, bosses on the surface of the body, presence of transversal mounds and 14 cephalic papillae in two circular rows. The pathogenicity of the parasite is low in the natural environment, but lesions are consistent with a chronic process. The appearance of caseous necrosis suggests the presence of a locally acting substance. Philometroides tahieli sp. nov. is the second species of this genera described from brackish waters, and since the discovery of Philometroides maplestoni in 1928, is the first species of this genus recorded for South America.

O tamanho de primeira maturação como parâmetro para estabelecimento de tamanho mínimo de captura para corvina no sudeste do Brasil / Size at first maturation as parameter for establishment of the minimum size of capture for the white croaker in Southeastern Brazil

Micropogonias furnieri is one of the most important fishery resources in Southeastern Brazil. However, the Brazilian law for exploitation of this resource is incipient. Our main aim was to assess whether reproductive tactics developed by Ubatuba populations are consistent with the available information and to evaluate their suitability to support measures of protection. A total of 359 individuals were examined, with unbalanced sex ration (1 female:1.56 male). Negative alometry (b 3) was found for both sexes. Spawning occurs during most of the year. Size at first maturation (L50 = 341 mm; 329 mm TL; for females and males, respectively), was higher than previous information for the region, and higher than the minimum size of allowed capture established by the law (TL = 25 cm). We recommend consider this new size at first maturity as the minimum allowed capture size as a measure to help protect this fishery resource in Southeastern Brazil.

A corvina Micropogonias furnieri é um dos recursos pesqueiros mais importantes das pescarias artesanais costeiras do Sudeste do Brasil. Entretanto, a legislação pesqueira é incipiente no que diz respeito à regulamentação da pesca desta espécie. Objetivou-se investigar se as táticas reprodutivas da população de corvinas de Ubatuba-SP são consistentes com as informações disponíveis na literatura e adequadas para suportar medidas de proteção da espécie. Foram examinados 359 indivíduos, com proporção sexual desbalanceada (1 fêmea:1,56 macho). Ambos os sexos apresentaram alometria negativa (b 3). Observou-se longo período reprodutivo. Os comprimentos de primeira maturação gonadal (C50 = 341 mm; 329 mm para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente), foram superiores aos reportados para a região Sudeste e ao tamanho mínimo de captura estabelecido por lei (Ct = 250 mm). Recomenda-se revisar a legislação considerando os valores de C50 do presente estudo como medida de proteção a este recurso na região Sudeste do Brasil.

O tamanho de primeira maturação como parâmetro para estabelecimento de tamanho mínimo de captura para corvina no sudeste do Brasil / Size at first maturation as parameter for establishment of the minimum size of capture for the white croaker in Southeastern Brazil

Micropogonias furnieri is one of the most important fishery resources in Southeastern Brazil. However, the Brazilian law for exploitation of this resource is incipient. Our main aim was to assess whether reproductive tactics developed by Ubatuba populations are consistent with the available information and to evaluate their suitability to support measures of protection. A total of 359 individuals were examined, with unbalanced sex ration (1 female:1.56 male). Negative alometry (b 3) was found for both sexes. Spawning occurs during most of the year. Size at first maturation (L50 = 341 mm; 329 mm TL; for females and males, respectively), was higher than previous information for the region, and higher than the minimum size of allowed capture established by the law (TL = 25 cm). We recommend consider this new size at first maturity as the minimum allowed capture size as a measure to help protect this fishery resource in Southeastern Brazil.(AU)

A corvina Micropogonias furnieri é um dos recursos pesqueiros mais importantes das pescarias artesanais costeiras do Sudeste do Brasil. Entretanto, a legislação pesqueira é incipiente no que diz respeito à regulamentação da pesca desta espécie. Objetivou-se investigar se as táticas reprodutivas da população de corvinas de Ubatuba-SP são consistentes com as informações disponíveis na literatura e adequadas para suportar medidas de proteção da espécie. Foram examinados 359 indivíduos, com proporção sexual desbalanceada (1 fêmea:1,56 macho). Ambos os sexos apresentaram alometria negativa (b 3). Observou-se longo período reprodutivo. Os comprimentos de primeira maturação gonadal (C50 = 341 mm; 329 mm para fêmeas e machos, respectivamente), foram superiores aos reportados para a região Sudeste e ao tamanho mínimo de captura estabelecido por lei (Ct = 250 mm). Recomenda-se revisar a legislação considerando os valores de C50 do presente estudo como medida de proteção a este recurso na região Sudeste do Brasil.(AU)

Análise espaço-temporal da composição da captura da pesca com emalhe de fundo no Sudeste/Sul do Brasil / Spatio-temporal analysis of the catch composition by the bottom gillnet fishery in Southern/South Brazil

The catch composition of the whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) fishery with bottom gillnets was monitored by scientific observers in the Southern/South Brazil from 2008-2011 in 34 fishing trips. From records of all organisms caught in parcels of nets collected from the sea 15 fishing trips were selected according to established criteria regarding the quality of information obtained on board. The analysis of catch composition of these trips indicated predominance of the whitemouth croaker in 60% of the numeric abundance. Within the selected fishing trips 240 species were registered, divided in teleosts (129), elasmobranchs (45), crustaceans (24), echinoderms (13), mollusks (12), cnidarians (9), turtles (3), birds (2), mammals (1), bryozoan (1) and sponge (1). Among these, 88% of numerical abundance was restricted to 10 taxa divided in teleosts and elasmobranchs, and species without commercial exploitation, such as mollusks, crabs and hydromedusae. A detailed quali-quantitative description of the retained and discarded fractions of the catches, which cannot be observed in loadings, presented a new perspective for understanding the coastal bottom gillnet fishery in Southern/South Brazil.

A composição da captura da pescaria da corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) com redes de emalhe de fundo foi monitorada por observadores científicos no Sudeste/Sul do Brasil entre 2008-2011 em 34 viagens de pesca. A partir de registros de todos os organismos capturados em parcelas das redes recolhidas do mar, foram selecionadas 15 viagens, de acordo com critérios estabelecidos quanto à qualidade da informação obtida a bordo. A análise da composição das capturas destas viagens indicou predomínio de corvina em 60% da abundância numérica. Entre as viagens selecionadas, foram registradas 240 espécies, divididas em teleósteos (129), elasmobrânquios (45), crustáceos (24), equinodermos (13), moluscos (12), cnidários (9), quelônios (3), aves (2), mamífero (1), briozoário (1) e esponja (1). Oitenta e oito por cento da abundância numérica ficou restrita a 10 taxa, compostos por teleósteos e elasmobrânquios, e espécies sem aproveitamento comercial, como bivalves, caranguejos e hidromedusas. A descrição quali-quantitativa detalhada das frações aproveitadas e rejeitadas das capturas, a qual não pode ser observada nos desembarques, apresentou um novo panorama para o entendimento da pesca de emalhe costeiro de fundo na região Sudeste/Sul do Brasil.

Análise espaço-temporal da composição da captura da pesca com emalhe de fundo no Sudeste/Sul do Brasil / Spatio-temporal analysis of the catch composition by the bottom gillnet fishery in Southern/South Brazil

The catch composition of the whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) fishery with bottom gillnets was monitored by scientific observers in the Southern/South Brazil from 2008-2011 in 34 fishing trips. From records of all organisms caught in parcels of nets collected from the sea 15 fishing trips were selected according to established criteria regarding the quality of information obtained on board. The analysis of catch composition of these trips indicated predominance of the whitemouth croaker in 60% of the numeric abundance. Within the selected fishing trips 240 species were registered, divided in teleosts (129), elasmobranchs (45), crustaceans (24), echinoderms (13), mollusks (12), cnidarians (9), turtles (3), birds (2), mammals (1), bryozoan (1) and sponge (1). Among these, 88% of numerical abundance was restricted to 10 taxa divided in teleosts and elasmobranchs, and species without commercial exploitation, such as mollusks, crabs and hydromedusae. A detailed quali-quantitative description of the retained and discarded fractions of the catches, which cannot be observed in loadings, presented a new perspective for understanding the coastal bottom gillnet fishery in Southern/South Brazil.(AU)

A composição da captura da pescaria da corvina (Micropogonias furnieri) com redes de emalhe de fundo foi monitorada por observadores científicos no Sudeste/Sul do Brasil entre 2008-2011 em 34 viagens de pesca. A partir de registros de todos os organismos capturados em parcelas das redes recolhidas do mar, foram selecionadas 15 viagens, de acordo com critérios estabelecidos quanto à qualidade da informação obtida a bordo. A análise da composição das capturas destas viagens indicou predomínio de corvina em 60% da abundância numérica. Entre as viagens selecionadas, foram registradas 240 espécies, divididas em teleósteos (129), elasmobrânquios (45), crustáceos (24), equinodermos (13), moluscos (12), cnidários (9), quelônios (3), aves (2), mamífero (1), briozoário (1) e esponja (1). Oitenta e oito por cento da abundância numérica ficou restrita a 10 taxa, compostos por teleósteos e elasmobrânquios, e espécies sem aproveitamento comercial, como bivalves, caranguejos e hidromedusas. A descrição quali-quantitativa detalhada das frações aproveitadas e rejeitadas das capturas, a qual não pode ser observada nos desembarques, apresentou um novo panorama para o entendimento da pesca de emalhe costeiro de fundo na região Sudeste/Sul do Brasil.(AU)

Preliminary Study of the Sonic Muscle of Micropogonias furnieri (Actinopterygii, Sciaenidae): Morfología e Histoquímica / Morphology and Histochemistry / Estudio Preliminar del Músculo del Sonido de Micropogonias furnieri (Actinopterygii, Sciaenidae)

The present study highlights the morphology of the Micropogonias furnieri sonic muscle by means of histochemical techniques, relating it to previous histochemical studies of the pectoral fin and myotomal muscles. In order to classify the muscle fibres, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) for mitochondria, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for glycogen, Sudan Black and Red for lipids and myosin adenosine triphosphatase (m-ATPase) pre-incubated at alkaline and acid pHs to visualize the contraction velocity, were used. The sonic fibres were smaller than the white myotomal and pectoral fibres, showed homogenous size and distribution and had features common to white fibres: negative to SDH and lipids, weakly positive to PAS and m-ATPase following acid pre-incubation, and positive to m-ATPase at alkaline pre-incubation. The morphology of the sonic muscle of M. furnieri showed no differences between sexes, probably due to the fact that the individuals were at the post spawning maturity stage. This similarity would indicate a similar sound production in both sexes, related to the "disturbance calls" of this species.

El presente trabajo estudia la morfología del músculo del sonido de Micropogonias furnieri por medio de técnicas histoquímicas y lo compara con trabajos previos de la histoquímica del músculo pectoral y miotomal. Con el fin de clasificar las fibras musculares se utilizaron distintas técnicas: succinato deshidrogenasa (SDH) para mitocondrias, ácido periódico Schiff (PAS) para evidenciar glucógeno, Sudan Black y Red para lípidos y miosin adenosina trifosfatasa (m-ATPasa) preincubada a pH alcalinos y ácidos para determinar la velocidad de contracción muscular. Las fibras del músculo del sonido son más pequeñas que las fibras blancas del músculo miotomal y pectoral, presentan un tamaño y distribución homogéneos, y tienen características histoquímicas de fibras blancas: son negativas para SDH y lípidos, débilmente positivas al PAS y a la técnica de m-ATPasa luego de preincubación ácida, y positivas a esta última técnica luego de preincubaciones alcalinas. La morfología del músculo del sonido de M. furnieri no mostró diferencias entre sexos, probablemente debido a que los individuos utilizados se encontraban en el estadio de post-desove. Esta similitud estaría relacionada con el tipo de sonido de "disturbio" que es emitido tanto por machos como por hembras durante todo el año.

Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) em conserva / Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) canned meat

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar três formulações de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) em conserva: em salmoura temperada, em salmoura com cebola e em óleo comestível. Após o abate, os cortes provenientes dos membros anteriores e posteriores foram separados para a fabricação das conservas. Após o processo de enlatamento, procedeu-se o teste de esterilidade comercial para alimentos de baixa acidez, para então avaliar as características sensoriais pelo método da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). As conservas não apresentaram problemas no teste de esterilidade e foram liberadas para a análise sensorial. A equipe sensorial considerou a formulação em óleo de soja comestível como sendo a mais atrativa quanto à aparência, mais característica de carne de jacaré enlatada quanto ao sabor e com melhores características de textura durante o processo de mastigação. Foi observada a presença de aroma metálico, considerado como atributo negativo pela equipe, na conserva em salmoura com cebola. Conclui-se que o óleo de soja comestível foi considerado como sendo o melhor líquido de cobertura para a formulação de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo em conserva e que a comercialização do produto é viável.(AU)

The goal of this trial was to evaluate three pickle formulations of Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) meat: in seasoned brine, in onion brine, and in edible vegetable oil. After slaughter, front and back limb cuts were separated for the manufacturing of pickles. Following the canning process, a commercial sterility test for low acidity food was performed, after which sensory characteristics were assessed by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The pickles presented no problems in the sterility test and were sent on to sensory analysis. The assessors regarded the edible oil formulation as having the most atractive appearance. Its taste was also considered more characteristic of canned caiman meat, and the product presented better texture characteristics during mastication. In the onion brine pickle, the presence of a mettalic aroma was observed and it was considered a negative aspect by the assessors. The conclusions are that edible soybean oil is considered the best covering liquid for pickle formulations of Broad-snouted caiman meat and that commercialization of the product is possible.(AU)

Pterobothrium crassicolle (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) em corvinas, Micropogonias furnieri, comercializadas no município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Pterobothrium crassicolle (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in croacker, Micropogonias furnieri, purchased at Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) é uma das espécies de peixes mais consumidas pela população do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entre os meses de maio e setembro de 2006, 30 espécimes deste pescado foram obtidos do mercado de São Pedro no município de Niterói, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Eles foram necropsiados e analisados para presença de cestóides Trypanorhyncha. Um total de oito espécimes apresentou no mesentério plerocercos de Pterobothrium crassicolle, com prevalência de 26,7%, intensidade média de infecção de 2,25, variando de uma a três larvas por peixe e a abundância média de 0,6. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho são analisados e comparados com os registros anteriores estudados sobre esta espécie de peixe no Brasil.9AU)

Porto,C.J.S., São Clemente, S.C., Freitas, M.Q., São Clemente R.R.B., Knoff. M. and Matos, E. [Pterobothrium crassicolle (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in croacker, Micropogonias furnieri, purchased at Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) is one of the species of fish most consumed by the population of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Between May and September 2006, 30 specimens of this fish were obtained from the market of San Pedro in Niterói municipality, State of Rio de Janeiro. They were necropsied and examined for the presence of cestodes Trypanorhyncha. A total of eight specimens showed the mesentery with plerocerci of Pterobothrium crassicolle, with a prevalence of 26.7%, mean intensity of infection of 2.25, ranging from one to three larvae per fish and mean abundance of 0.6. The results obtained in this study are analyzed and compared with previous records on the studied fish species in Brazil.(AU)

Pterobothrium crassicolle (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) em corvinas, Micropogonias furnieri, comercializadas no município de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Pterobothrium crassicolle (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in croacker, Micropogonias furnieri, purchased at Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) é uma das espécies de peixes mais consumidas pela população do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entre os meses de maio e setembro de 2006, 30 espécimes deste pescado foram obtidos do mercado de São Pedro no município de Niterói, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Eles foram necropsiados e analisados para presença de cestóides Trypanorhyncha. Um total de oito espécimes apresentou no mesentério plerocercos de Pterobothrium crassicolle, com prevalência de 26,7%, intensidade média de infecção de 2,25, variando de uma a três larvas por peixe e a abundância média de 0,6. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho são analisados e comparados com os registros anteriores estudados sobre esta espécie de peixe no Brasil.

Porto,C.J.S., São Clemente, S.C., Freitas, M.Q., São Clemente R.R.B., Knoff. M. and Matos, E. [Pterobothrium crassicolle (Eucestoda: Trypanorhyncha) in croacker, Micropogonias furnieri, purchased at Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.] Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) is one of the species of fish most consumed by the population of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Between May and September 2006, 30 specimens of this fish were obtained from the market of San Pedro in Niterói municipality, State of Rio de Janeiro. They were necropsied and examined for the presence of cestodes Trypanorhyncha. A total of eight specimens showed the mesentery with plerocerci of Pterobothrium crassicolle, with a prevalence of 26.7%, mean intensity of infection of 2.25, ranging from one to three larvae per fish and mean abundance of 0.6. The results obtained in this study are analyzed and compared with previous records on the studied fish species in Brazil.

Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) em conserva / Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) of broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) canned meat

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar três formulações de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) em conserva: em salmoura temperada, em salmoura com cebola e em óleo comestível. Após o abate, os cortes provenientes dos membros anteriores e posteriores foram separados para a fabricação das conservas. Após o processo de enlatamento, procedeu-se o teste de esterilidade comercial para alimentos de baixa acidez, para então avaliar as características sensoriais pelo método da Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ). As conservas não apresentaram problemas no teste de esterilidade e foram liberadas para a análise sensorial. A equipe sensorial considerou a formulação em óleo de soja comestível como sendo a mais atrativa quanto à aparência, mais característica de carne de jacaré enlatada quanto ao sabor e com melhores características de textura durante o processo de mastigação. Foi observada a presença de aroma metálico, considerado como atributo negativo pela equipe, na conserva em salmoura com cebola. Conclui-se que o óleo de soja comestível foi considerado como sendo o melhor líquido de cobertura para a formulação de carne de jacaré-do-papo-amarelo em conserva e que a comercialização do produto é viável.

The goal of this trial was to evaluate three pickle formulations of Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) meat: in seasoned brine, in onion brine, and in edible vegetable oil. After slaughter, front and back limb cuts were separated for the manufacturing of pickles. Following the canning process, a commercial sterility test for low acidity food was performed, after which sensory characteristics were assessed by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The pickles presented no problems in the sterility test and were sent on to sensory analysis. The assessors regarded the edible oil formulation as having the most atractive appearance. Its taste was also considered more characteristic of canned caiman meat, and the product presented better texture characteristics during mastication. In the onion brine pickle, the presence of a mettalic aroma was observed and it was considered a negative aspect by the assessors. The conclusions are that edible soybean oil is considered the best covering liquid for pickle formulations of Broad-snouted caiman meat and that commercialization of the product is possible.