Examination of primary aromatic amines content in polylactic acid straws and migration into food simulants using SERS with LC-MS.

Polylactic acid (PLA) straws hold eco-friendly potential; however, residual diisocyanates used to enhance the mechanical strength can generate carcinogenic primary aromatic amines (PAAs), posing health risks. Herein, we present a rapid, comprehensive strategy to detecting PAAs in 18 brands of food-grade PLA straws and assessing their migration into diverse food simulants. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy was conducted to rapidly screen straws for PAAs. Subsequently, qualitative determination of migrating PAAs into various food simulants (4 % acetic acid, 10 % ethanol, 50 % ethanol) occurred at 70 °C for 2 h using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three PAAs including 4,4'-methylenedianiline, 2,4'-methylenedianiline, and 2,4-diaminotoluene were detected in all straws. Specifically, 2,4-diaminotoluene in 50 % ethanol exceeded specific migration limit of 2 µg/kg, raising safety concerns. Notably, PAAs migration to 10 % and 50 % ethanol surpassed that to 4 % acetic acid within a short 2-hour period. Moreover, PLA straws underwent varying degrees of shape changes before and after migration. Straws with poly(butylene succinate) resisted deformation compared to those without, indicating enhanced heat resistance, while poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) improved hydrolysis resistance. Importantly, swelling study unveiled swelling effect wasn't the primary factor contributing to the increased PAAs migration in ethanol food simulant, as there was no significant disparity in swelling degrees across different food simulants. FT-IR and DSC analysis revealed higher PAAs content in 50 % ethanol were due to highly concentrated polar ethanol disrupting hydrogen bonds and van der Waal forces holding PLA molecules together. Overall, minimizing contact between PLA straws and alcoholic foods is crucial to avoid potential safety risks posed by PAAs.

Predicting influenza in China from October 1, 2023, to February 5, 2024: A transmission dynamics model based on population migration.

Introduction: Since November 2023, influenza has ranked first in reported cases of infectious diseases in China, with the outbreak in both northern and southern provinces exceeding the levels observed during the same period in 2022. This poses a serious health risk to the population. Therefore, short to medium-term influenza predictions are beneficial for epidemic assessment and can reduce the disease burden. Methods: A transmission dynamics model considering population migration, encompassing susceptible-exposed-infectious-asymptomatic-recovered (SEIAR) was used to predict the dynamics of influenza before the Spring Festival travel rush. Results: The overall epidemic shows a declining trend, with the peak expected to occur from week 47 in 2023 to week 1 in 2024. The number of cases of A (H3N2) is greater than that of influenza B, and the influenza situation is more severe in the southern provinces compared to the northern ones. Conclusion: Our method is applicable for short-term and medium-term influenza predictions. As the spring festival travel rush approaches. Therefore, it is advisable to advocate for nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), influenza vaccination, and other measures to reduce healthcare and public health burden.

Can cadmium-contaminated rice be used to produce food additive sodium erythorbate?

Cadmium (Cd) in rice is a significant concern for its quality and safety. Currently, there is a crucial need to develop cost-effective and efficient ways to remove Cd or re-utilize Cd-contaminated rice. The food additive sodium erythorbate is produced via 2-ketogluconic acid (2KGA) fermentation by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and lactonization using starch-rich raw materials, such as rice. We aimed to determine whether cadmium-contaminated rice can be used to produce sodium erythorbate. To achieve this aim, the migration of cadmium during the production of sodium erythorbate from Cd-contaminated rice was studied. Five rice varieties with different Cd contents from 0.10 to 0.68 mg/kg were used as raw materials. The results indicated the presence of Cd in rice and CaCO3 did not have a notable impact on the fermentation performance of 2KGA. The acidification of 2KGA fermentation broth, the addition of K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O and ZnSO4, and 2KGA purification using cation exchange effectively removed >98% of the Cd in the fermentation broth, but the 2KGA yield remained high at approximately 94%. The sodium erythorbate synthesized from Cd-contaminated rice was of high quality and free from Cd, meeting the requirements of the Chinese National Standard, GB 1886.28-2016. The study provided a safe and effective strategy for comprehensively utilizing Cd-contaminated rice to produce high value-added food additive.

Research progress on the environmental risk assessment and remediation technologies of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil.

Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge. These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health. The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial. These two aspects support each other, forming a close and complete decision-making chain. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution, the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents, the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system. The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined, which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk. Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical, chemical, biological and even combined technologies, and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils. Finally, the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected. This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.

Tracking animal movements via collaborative acoustic telemetry networks: Multiscale habitat use, phenology, and management insights.

Estuaries support diverse fish and invertebrate communities, including resident species that rely on estuarine habitats year-round and transient migratory species. The unique movement patterns of these animals connect habitats within and far beyond the estuary and are integrally linked to fisheries management objectives. With a focus on Chesapeake Bay, this study leveraged data from collaborative acoustic telemetry networks in the northwest Atlantic to assess habitat use and phenology of movements for seven species of fish (cownose rays, dusky sharks, smooth dogfish, alewife, striped bass, common carp, and blue catfish) and one invertebrate (horseshoe crabs). A total of 288 acoustically tagged individuals were detected >3.2 million times (6,743 to 2,095,717 detections per species) on receivers across ~20.5 degrees of latitude spanning the North American Atlantic seaboard from Florida, USA, to New Brunswick, Canada. Common metrics of movement and phenology grouped these species as resident (common carp, blue catfish, horseshoe crabs), primarily resident in estuaries (juvenile striped bass), and coastal migrant (cownose rays, dusky sharks, smooth dogfish, alewife); maximum distance traveled varied by three orders of magnitude among these species. Further analysis of phenology for coastal migrants elucidated the timing and duration of these species' use of Chesapeake Bay. Collectively, movements linked habitats within Chesapeake Bay and connected the estuary to coastal ecosystems both to the north (e.g., alewife) and south (e.g., cownose rays), creating networks of fisheries management jurisdictions that varied in complexity and identified opportunities for enhancement to current management or co-management of some species. Our results elucidate the importance of estuaries to species with diverse movement behaviors, identify scales and pathways of habitat connectivity via animal movements, and highlight the utility of collaborative acoustic telemetry networks for quantifying movements relevant to both ecological research and fisheries management.

Climate factors and food availability shape the altitudinal migration of birds in the Xiling Snow Mountains, China.

Many bird species in montane regions display altitudinal migration, but so far, the underlying ecological driving mechanisms are not clear. We studied the altitudinal migration behavior patterns and factors influencing altitudinal migration in the Xiling Snow Mountains, which are part of the Hengduan mountain range in southwest China. We recorded the local bird diversity, the seasonal change of: the average temperature (AT), the average humidity (AH), the average invertebrate biomass (AIB), and the amount of plant food sources (PFS) at two study sites (∼1300 and ∼2100 m a.s.l.) during two migration seasons from September 2022 to May 2023. During our surveys, we recorded 96 bird species in total. Among these, 15 altitudinal migrants were identified. The most common family among altitudinal migrants was Leiothrichidae. AT, AIB, and PFS had a significant positive correlation with the monthly number of individuals (MNI) several bird species, implying that increasing temperatures and an increasing abundance of invertebrates and PFS possibly induced upward migration of altitudinal migrants and vice versa. AH possibly only played a minor role in influencing altitudinal migration, since it exhibited no significant correlation with the MNI. Furthermore, we found that the upward migration temperature range of altitudinal migrants ranged between 9.8°C and 13.9°C during spring and the downward migration temperature range ranged between 12.2°C and 7.9°C during autumn. In conclusion, our study and several other studies revealed that the same environmental factors influenced the altitudinal migration patterns of birds in the Hengduan Mountains.

Proapoptotic and antimigration properties of osthole in combination with LY294002 against human glioma cells.

Anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme are infiltrating and vascularized gliomas with a high degree of chemoresistance and metastasis. Our previous studies have shown that osthole may be of great importance in the treatment of gliomas. Therefore, in this work, for the first time, coumarin was used in combination with LY294002-an inhibitor of the PI3K-Akt/PKB-mTOR pathway, which is overly active in gliomas. MOGGCCM and T98G cells were incubated with osthole and LY294002, alone and in combination. Staining with specific fluorochromes was used to visualize cell death and the scratch test to assess the migration. The level of proteins was estimated by immunoblotting. Forming protrusions were visualized by SEM, and immunocytochemistry was used to determine the localization of proteins. Additionally, the expression of Bcl-2, beclin 1 and Raf kinase was silenced using specific siRNA. The obtained results showed that osthole in combination with LY294092 effectively inhibited the migration of glioma cells by reducing the level of metaloproteinases and Rho family proteins, as well as decreasing the level of N-cadherin. In addition, the combination of compounds induced apoptosis. New combination of compounds shows a high pro-apoptotic potential and also inhibits the migration of gliomas cells.

Loss of microglial Arid1a exacerbates microglial scar formation via elevated CCL5 after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acquired insult to the brain caused by an external mechanical force, potentially resulting in temporary or permanent impairment. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are activated in response to TBI, participating in tissue repair process. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms in microglia during TBI remain poorly understood. ARID1A (AT-Rich Interaction Domain 1 A), a pivotal subunit of the multi-protein SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, has received little attention in microglia, especially in the context of brain injury. In this study, we generated a Arid1a cKO mouse line to investigate the potential roles of ARID1A in microglia in response to TBI. We found that glial scar formation was exacerbated due to increased microglial migration and a heightened inflammatory response in Arid1a cKO mice following TBI. Mechanistically, loss of ARID1A led to an up-regulation of the chemokine CCL5 in microglia upon the injury, while the CCL5-neutralizing antibody reduced migration and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated Arid1a cKO microglia. Importantly, administration of auraptene (AUR), an inhibitor of CCL5, repressed the microglial migration and inflammatory response, as well as the glial scar formation after TBI. These findings suggest that ARID1A is critical for microglial response to injury and that AUR has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of TBI.

Roles of small peptides encoded by non-coding RNAs in tumor invasion and migration.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are usually considered not to encode proteins, are widely involved in important activities including signal transduction and cell proliferation. However, recent studies have shown that small peptides encoded by ncRNAs (SPENs) have important roles in the development of malignant tumors. Some SPENs participate in the regulation of skeleton reorganization, intercellular adhesion, signaling and other processes of tumor cells, with effects on the invasive and migratory abilities of the cells. Therefore, SPENs have potential applications as therapeutic targets and biomarkers of malignant tumors. Invasion and migration of malignant tumor cells are the main reasons for poor prognosis of cancer patients and represent the most challenging aspects of treatment of malignant tumors. Currently, the main treatments for tumors include surgery, radiotherapy, targeted drug therapy. Surgery, however, is reserved for early stages of cancer and carries risks and costs. Radiotherapy and targeted therapy have serious side effects. This review describes the mechanisms of SPENs and their roles in tumor invasion and migration, with the aim of providing new targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Preliminary investigation on the mechanism of baicalein regulating the effects of Nischarin on invasion and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 through Wnt3α/ß-catenin pathway.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Here, we investigate the anti-tumor effects of baicalein on human BC cells (MCF-7 cells) and explore if it regulates the Nischarin protein via Wnt3α/ß-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS: We employed Wnt3α and DKK-1 to activate and inhibit the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, respectively. We used CCK-8 cell viability, flow cytometry apoptosis, wound-healing and transwell migration/invasion assays. Further, using western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) we analyzed expression levels of Nischarin, MMP-9, Wnt/ß-catenin pathway (ß-catenin, Axin 1), and apoptotic pathway (Bax, Bcl-2) proteins and their mRNAs. RESULTS: We found that baicalein inhibits MCF-7 cell viability and promotes apoptosis (evidenced by increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expressions) in a concentration-dependent manner. It also inhibits TPA-induced migration and invasion, and downregulates MMP-9 expression. Baicalein reverses the increase in cell viability caused by Wnt3α-induced Wnt/ß-catenin pathway activation. Conversely, baicalein counteracts the increase in apoptosis caused by DKK-1 mediated inhibition of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Additionally, baicalein upregulates Nischarin expression via modulating the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway as indicated by the antagonistic effects of Wnt3α and DKK-1 on this effect of baicalein. CONCLUSION: Baicalein exerts anti-tumor effects on MCF-7 cells through the Wnt3α/ß-catenin signaling pathway, and promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion. The upregulation of Nischarin by baicalein further suggests a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.

Earth Rights for the Advancement of a Planetary Health Agenda.

This article discusses Earth's Rights as an environmental justice mechanism of reparation, protection, and justice for indigenous communities, environmental defenders, and other populations in Latin America. We argue that Earth's rights encompass and include the right to health and can be integrated into international human rights frameworks to protect all forms of life, responding to colonial legacies of discrimination and violence. We respond to the scarcity of literature discussing Earth's rights in relation to situations where human rights and Earth's rights are violated. We ground our argument in the theoretical conceptualization of Latin American proposals of Earth's rights and its potential for actionable policy approaches that include human health as inevitably interconnected to our planet's well-being. We address the environmental injustices that affect the right to health and argue that an Earth's rights framework can support reparations for historically marginalized communities.

Decellularized extracellular matrix derived from dental pulp stem cells promotes gingival fibroblast adhesion and migration.

BACKGROUND: Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been proposed as a useful source of biomimetic materials for regenerative medicine due to its biological properties that regulate cell behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of decellularized ECM derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on gingival fibroblast (GF) cell behaviors. Cells were isolated from dental pulp and gingival tissues. ECM was derived from culturing dental pulp stem cells in growth medium supplemented with ascorbic acid. A bioinformatic database of the extracellular matrix was constructed using Metascape. GFs were reseeded onto dECM, and their adhesion, spreading, and organization were subsequently observed. The migration ability of the cells was determined using a scratch assay. Protein expression was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Type 1 collagen and fibronectin were detected on the ECM and dECM derived from DPSCs. Negative phalloidin and nuclei were noted in the dECM. The proteomic database revealed enrichment of several proteins involved in ECM organization, ECM-receptor interaction, and focal adhesion. Compared with those on the controls, the GFs on the dECM exhibited more organized stress fibers. Furthermore, cultured GFs on dECM exhibited significantly enhanced migration and proliferation abilities. Interestingly, GFs seeded on dECM showed upregulation of FN1, ITGB3, and CTNNB1 mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS: ECM derived from DSPCs generates a crucial microenvironment for regulating GF adhesion, migration and proliferation. Therefore, decellularized ECM from DPSCs could serve as a matrix for oral tissue repair.

Endoscopic Management of Dysfunctioning Gastric Band after Sleeve Gastrectomy with the Luso-Cor® Esophageal Stent.

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can be aided by the addition of a calibration silicone ring, banded SG (BSG). It provides better weight loss than non-banded SG but with higher rate of adverse events. The aim of this case report is to further contribute to the knowledge of how to endoscopically manage these patients by placing a new esophageal stent (Luso-Cor®). A 58-year-old female with grade III obesity (weight 110 kg, BMI: 45.2 kg/m2) underwent SG in 2013. Due to the limited weight loss, a surgical calibration silicon ring was placed in 2017. In the following months, she developed recurrent and abundant postprandial regurgitation, achieving a minimum weight of 66 kg (BMI: 27.1 kg/m2). Gastroesophageal transit showed a stricture at the junction of the gastric corpus and antrum, causing gastric outlet obstruction. Endoscopy identified a regular luminal stenosis with normal mucosa, which allowed easy passage of the endoscope with slight pressure. Two sessions of endoscopic dilatation were performed, first with an 18-mm through-the-scope balloon and later with a 30-mm pneumatic balloon without symptomatic relief. A two-step endoscopic therapeutic approach was proposed to first promote intragastric ring erosion by placing a new partially covered metallic stent, Luso-Cor® esophageal stent 30/20/30 × 240 mm, and subsequently retrieve the stent, followed by cutting and retrieval of the ring. The proximal flare with a 30 mm diameter was placed in the distal esophagus and the distal edge in the prepyloric antrum. However, 2 weeks later, she complained of vomiting and abdominal fullness. Complete migration of the proximal flare of the stent into the remnant gastric fundus was seen on the contrast study. Endoscopy was performed, and the stent was easily removed. A blue calibration ring, partially eroded into the gastric lumen, was observed at the site of gastric tube stenosis. After stent removal, the patient was asymptomatic, and so conservative follow-up was decided. A follow-up endoscopy, performed 5 months later, showed complete reepithelization of the eroded ring. The patient remains asymptomatic after 3 years of follow-up and has regained weight up to 76 kg (BMI: 31.2 kg/m2). The efficacy of endoscopy on the management of ring-related adverse events has been previously reported. Small-case series describe the use of multiple pneumatic dilations or the deployment of plastic or covered metallic stents to cause erosion of the overlying mucosa, followed by cutting and retrieval of the ring. In conclusion, we believe that the mural pressure exerted by the Luso-Cor® esophageal stent, in the limited period it remained in situ, was sufficient to relieve the luminal pressure of the silicon ring, realigning the ring with the remnant gastric tube. This rare clinical entity highlights the potential role of specific metallic stents in the management of these patients.

A cirurgia bariátrica de gastrectomia vertical (sleeve gástrico) pode ser complementada pela adição de um anel restritivo de silicone ­ sleeve gástrico com anel de silastic. O acréscimo deste anel promove uma maior perda de peso, no entanto está associado a maior risco de eventos adversos. O objetivo da apresentação deste caso é contribuir para as diferentes técnicas úteis no tratamento das complicações relacionadas com o anel, através da utilização de uma prótese esofágica (Luso-Cor®).Uma doente de 58 anos, com obesidade grau III (peso 110 kg, IMC 45,2 kg/m2), foi submetida a um sleeve gástrico em 2013. Não apresentou perda de peso favorável e, em 2017, foi colocado um anel de silicone rodeando o tubo gástrico. Nos meses seguintes desenvolveu regurgitação pós-prandial recorrente e abundante, alcançando um peso mínimo de 66 kg (IMC 27,1 kg/m2). Realizou um trânsito gastroesofágico que revelou uma estenose na junção do corpo com o antro gástrico, com evidência de obstrução do esvaziamento gástrico. A endoscopia digestiva alta identificou uma estenose regular recoberta por mucosa sem lesões, com passagem do aparelho após pressão ligeira. Foram realizadas duas sessões de dilatação, inicialmente com balão trough-the-scope de 18 mm e posteriormente com balão pneumático de 30 mm. Os sintomas persistiram e, por esse motivo, foi decidido uma abordagem em dois tempos: primeiro promover a erosão intragástrica da banda para depois a seccionar e remover intraluminalmente. Nesse sentido, foi colocada uma prótese metálica esofágica parcialmente coberta, Luso-Cor® 30/20/30 × 240 mm. O segmento proximal da prótese com 30 mm de diâmetro foi colocado no esófago e o bordo distal da prótese ficou no antro pré-pilórico. No entanto, duas semanas depois, a doente queixou-se de vómitos e enfartamento precoce. O estudo radiográfico com contraste revelou migração distal da prótese, com deslocamento do segmento proximal para o corpo gástrico remanescente. A prótese foi removida endoscopicamente sem dificuldade e, na região da estenose, foi observado o anel de silicone parcialmente erosionado para o lúmen gástrico. Após remoção da prótese a doente evoluiu favoravelmente, sem novos sintomas, e, por esse motivo, foi decido seguimento sem novas intervenções. A endoscopia de seguimento, realizada cinco meses após, demonstrou reepitelização completa do anel parcialmente erosionado. A doente permanece assintomática após três anos de seguimento e voltou a ganhar peso (peso atual 76 kg, IMC 31,2 kg/m2). A eficácia da resolução endoscópica de estenoses relacionadas com anel de silicone no sleeve gástrico já foi relatada. Pequenas séries de casos utilizaram múltiplas sessões de dilatação com balão pneumático ou colocação de próteses plásticas ou metálicas cobertas para promover erosão intragástrica do anel e sua remoção. Acreditamos que a pressão mural exercida pela prótese Luso-Cor®, no curto tempo em que permaneceu in situ, foi suficiente para aliviar a obstrução, realinhando o seu diâmetro com o restante tubo gástrico. Através do relato desta entidade clínica rara, esperamos contribuir para o conhecimento das próteses metálicas específicas para o manejo destes doentes.

Amentoflavone Induces Ferroptosis to Alleviate Proliferation, Migration, Invasion and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes by Inhibiting PIN1.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is prevalent worldwide and seriously threatens human health. RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play important roles in almost all aspects of RA progression. This study aimed to study the effect of Amentoflavone (AMF), a polyphenol compound derived from extracts of Selaginella tamariscina, on the abnormal biological behaviors of RA-FLS. The immortalized human RA-FLS cell line (MH7A) was treated with AMF or transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1). Then, cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. EDU staining, wound healing and transwell assays were employed to measure the capacities of MH7A cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The levels of inflammatory factors were assessed using ELISA kits. Additionally, ferroptosis was analyzed by detecting Fe2+ content, lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. Pull-down assay was employed to verify the targeted binding of AMF to PIN1. Further, PIN1 overexpression or ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) addition was conducted to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of AMF on PIN1 and ferroptosis. Results revealed that AMF intervention or PIN1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and inflammation in MH7A cells. AMF facilitated lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in MH7A cells. Moreover, AMF targeted inhibition of PIN1 expression, and PIN1 overexpression restored the promoting effect of AMF on lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in MH7A cells. Besides, Fer-1 reversed the impacts of AMF on the abnormal biological behaviors of MH7A cells. In summary, AMF induced ferroptosis to inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and inflammation in RA-FLS by inhibiting PIN1, providing a promising candidate for RA treatment.

Evaluation of conventional and CT-based radiostereometric analysis for inducible displacement measurements after total hip arthroplasty.

Though radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the gold standard for migration tracking, computed tomography-based RSA (CT-RSA) does not require marker beads and is available for clinical adoption. This study investigated CT-RSA in comparison to RSA for assessing hip implant stability with inducible displacement (ID) examinations. Patients (n = 48) from a previous study returned to be re-examined for femoral stem stability with CT-RSA and RSA imaging. Implant migration since patients last follow-up was calculated as a measure of stability. ID was assessed between alternated leg rotation scans for CT-RSA and between supine and weight-bearing scans for RSA. Measurements from ID and double examinations were compared between CT-RSA and RSA. All stems were well-fixed with migration <0.2 mm/year. ID measurements were lower with CT-RSA than RSA for distal translation (mean difference = 0.122 mm, p < 0.0001), total translation (mean difference = 0.158 mm, p < 0.0001), and total rotation (mean difference = 0.449°, p < 0.0001). The ID and double exam were significantly different for total translation and total rotation for CT-RSA, and significantly different for medial, distal, and total translation, and total rotation for RSA. Precision ranged from 0.049 to 0.130 mm in translation and 0.061° to 0.220° in rotation for CT-RSA, and from 0.108 to 0.269 mm in translation and 0.151° to 0.670° in rotation for RSA. ID measurements from both CT-RSA and RSA were minimal, consistent for a cohort with well-fixed stems. CT-RSA demonstrated superior precision in all axes compared to RSA. Clinical Significance: Future work should explore the use of CT-RSA in patients with suspected loosening as a potential diagnostic tool.

Deep-Pelagic Fishes Are Anything But Similar: A Global Synthesis.

Deep-pelagic fishes are among the most abundant vertebrates on Earth. They play a critical role in sequestering carbon, providing prey for harvestable fishing stocks and linking oceanic layers and trophic levels. However, knowledge of these fishes is scarce and fragmented, hampering the ability of both the scientific community and stakeholders to address them effectively. While modelling approaches incorporating these organisms have advanced, they often oversimplify their functional and ecological diversity, potentially leading to misconceptions. To address these gaps, this synthesis examines the biodiversity and ecology of global deep-pelagic fishes. We review pelagic ecosystem classifications and propose a new semantic framework for deep-pelagic fishes. We evaluate different sampling methods, detailing their strengths, limitations and complementarities. We provide an assessment of the world's deep-pelagic fishes comprising 1554 species, highlighting major groups and discussing regional variability. By describing their morphological, behavioural and ecological diversity, we show that these organisms are far from homogeneous. Building on this, we call for a more realistic approach to the ecology of deep-pelagic fishes transitioning between very different ecological niches during diel vertical migrations. To facilitate this, we introduce the concept of 'diel-modulated realised niche' and propose a conceptual model synthesising the multiple drivers responsible for such transitions.

EZB-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines have superior migration capabilities compared to MCD-type.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents the most prevalent aggressive B-cell lymphoma. The group is heterogeneous and the outcome is variable. A variety of approaches have been employed with the objective of improving the stratification of DLBCL patients according to their prognosis, based on the cell of origin. Recently, distinct genetic subtypes of DLBCL have been identified. Given the importance of cell migration in immune cells, the objective of this study was to ascertain whether different genetic subtypes of DLBCL exhibit disparate migration abilities. MCD- and EZB-type DLBCL cell lines were subjected to testing to ascertain their basal velocity in straight microchannels and their ability to overcome tight constrictions of 2 µm. The EZB-type cell lines showed superior basal migration velocity and constriction passage time, and a similar trend was observed in live cell imaging of native human DLBCL tissue. In addition, MCD-type DLBCL exhibited significantly elevated levels of nuclear lamin A/C, which is responsible for the stiffness of the nuclear envelope and could thus explain the disparate migration behaviours observed among these subtypes. Our study suggests that different genetic subtypes of DLBCL may not only influence the outcome after therapy but also the motility of the tumour cells.

Investigating the Anticancer Potential of Biochanin A in KB Oral Cancer Cells Through the NFκB Pathway.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignancy primarily affecting squamous cells. Its development is linked to multiple risk factors, such as alcohol and tobacco consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Biochanin A (BCA), a phytoestrogen extracted from red clover, has been extensively researched for its therapeutic properties. It spans antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, and anticancer potential in different bodily systems. However, its impact on oral cancer remains unexplored. Therefore, this investigation aims to assess the potential anticancer effects of BCA, specifically on KB oral cancer cells. This study utilized KB cells to evaluate the impact of BCA on various cellular parameters, including cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell migration. BCA treatment induced several notable effects on KB cells, including reduced cell viability, altered morphology suggestive of apoptosis, heightened oxidative stress, and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, BCA treatment demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cell migration. The study further investigated the impact of BCA on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation, revealing decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation across different BCA concentrations (IC50 and IC90). Immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR analyses unveiled that BCA treatment at varying doses (IC50 and IC90) downregulated the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) subunits p50 and p65, pivotal players in cancer progression. In summary, this study sheds light on the promising potential of BCA as an anticancer therapeutic agent for treating oral cancer. Its demonstrated ability to induce apoptosis, perturb cellular functions, and modulate gene expression within cancer cells underscores its significance. Nonetheless, further research, particularly following animal studies, is imperative to comprehensively grasp the breadth of BCA's effects and its viability for clinical applications.

COL6A1 Inhibits the Malignant Development of Bladder Cancer by Regulating FBN1.

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide with a high recurrence rate. Collagen Type VI Alpha 1 (COL6A1) plays a key role in several cancer types. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of COL6A1 in BLCA. COL6A1 expression in BLCA was determined using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Counting Kit-8, wound-healing, and transwell assays were used to assess the effect of COL6A1 on T24 and 5637 cells. Apoptosis in BLCA cell lines was explored using western blotting and flow cytometry. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to determine interactions between proteins. The role of COL6A1 in tumor growth in nude mice was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemical, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick-End Labeling. In BLCA, COL6A1 expression was downregulated. Moreover, the COL6A1 overexpression suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis of BLCA cell lines, with increased Caspase-3, Bax, and p53, and decreased Bcl-2. Conversely, silencing of COL6A1 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inhibiting apoptosis in BLCA cell lines. In vivo, COL6A1 inhibits tumor growth and progression. Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) was positively correlated with COL6A1 expression. COL6A1 could bind to FBN1 in BLCA cell lines. The expression of FBN1 in BLCA cell lines decreased after COL6A1 silencing, whereas COL6A1 overexpression upregulated FBN1 expression. COL6A1 was downregulated and exerted an inhibitory effect on the development of BLCA, and its expression was positively correlated with the expression of FBN1.

Blocking GATA6 Alleviates Pyroptosis and Inhibits Abdominal Wall Endometriosis Lesion Growth Through Inactivating the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disorder characterized by the abnormal presence of endometrium-like cells, referred to as ectopic tissue, located outside the uterine cavity. Beyond the abnormal proliferation of endometrium-like tissues within and beyond the pelvic cavity, compelling scientific evidence underscores the crucial involvement of the NOD-like receptor NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of EMS. Our investigation has revealed a striking upregulation of the endogenous protein GATA-binding protein 6 (GATA6) in abdominal wall EMS. Notably, the knockdown of GATA6 significantly impaired the viability and migratory potential of primary ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) while also inhibiting crucial markers of pyroptosis, such as NLRP3, the gasdermin D N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-N), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within these cells. Delving deeper into the underlying mechanisms, we discovered that suppressing GATA6 mitigated the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in EESCs. The administration of 740 Y-P, an agonist of the PI3K/AKT pathway, mitigated the inhibitive actions of GATA6 knockdown on EESCs' growth, migration, and pyroptosis, highlighting the intricate crosstalk between GATA6 and this intricate signaling cascade. In vivo experiments corroborated these findings, demonstrating that reduced GATA6 expression effectively restrained the growth of endometrial lesions and concurrently suppressed pyroptosis, accompanied by a dampening of PI3K/AKT signaling within these lesions. In summary, our study underscores the pivotal role of GATA6 in modulating the growth and pyroptosis of abdominal wall EMS through its regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Silencing GATA6 emerges as a promising approach to alleviate pyroptosis and potentially offers a novel therapeutic angle for managing abdominal wall EMS.