Understanding the Nature of Family Violence Against Women With Insecure Migration Status in Australia.

Feminist researchers have diversified understandings of family violence by examining how women's experiences are influenced by gender and its intersections with other social inequalities. This article seeks to contribute to intersectional and transnational feminist scholarship on violence that examines the influence of structural factors such as insecure migration status on the nature of women's lived experiences in Western industrialized countries. It reports on findings from a study with migrant women who experienced family violence in Victoria, Australia when their migration status was "insecure," and examines similarities and differences in the forms and patterns of violence and abuse women described.

Migration integration policies as social determinants of health for highly educated immigrants in the United States.

Highly educated immigrants are part of the growing population of immigrants who are impacted by the increasingly hostile migration policies in the U.S. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach and inductive reasoning to explore the possible impacts of migration integration policies as social determinants of health among this group. Data was collected through 31 semi-structured interviewees with highly educated immigrants who had an intention and interest to stay in the U.S. at the time of the interview. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and four main themes emerged: (1) a life overshadowed by silent worries, (2) living through uncertainties and forced decisions as the result of migration integration policies, (3) complexities and challenges of living on a work visa, and (4) shared recommendations by interviewees. Documented narratives as part of this study suggest high rates of stress and anxiety as well as negative mental and physical health outcomes among the participants. Results also suggest high levels of internalized vulnerabilities. Participants shared that migration policies can be enhanced in the U.S. to support highly educated immigrants' growth by creating a better and more transparent communication system, replacing random review processes for applications with systematic procedures, creating expedited pathways to citizenship based on merit, and granting access to work as a basic human right.

Rethinking Vulnerability as a Radically Ethical Device: Ethical Vulnerability Analysis and the EU's "Migration Crisis".

We reinvigorate vulnerability theory as a radically ethical device - ethical vulnerability analysis. We bring together fuller vulnerability analysis as theorized by Fineman and Grear in conversation with Levinas and Derrida's radical vulnerability and the ethics of hospitality to construct a theoretical framework that is firmly anchored in the realities of the everyday that are vulnerability and migration. This novel framework offers a thinking space to subvert approaches to migrants and migration as it compels us to come face-to face with the "other", which in turn renders the political accountable by her. We deploy ethical vulnerability analysis to deconstruct the EU's "migration crisis" and investigate whether the activation of temporary protection for displaced persons from Ukraine signifies a humanizing turn in the EU's asylum and migration policies. In this regard, we submit that this hospitable moment constitutes an "exception to the rule" rather than a paradigm shift.

"I Came Here, and it Got Worse Day by Day": Examining the Intersections Between Migrant Precarity and Family Violence Among Women with Insecure Migration Status in Australia.

While understanding the diversity of women's lived experiences is a key focus area in the international feminist literature on family violence, research with migrant women in Australia remains limited. This article seeks to contribute to the growing body of intersectional feminist scholarship that examines how immigration or "migration status" impacts the dynamics of migrant women's experiences of family violence. The article examines precarity in relation to migrant women's lives in Australia and focuses on the ways that their specific circumstances contribute to and are compounded by the experience of family violence. It also considers how precarity functions as a structural condition that has implications in terms of various forms or patterns of inequality that can heighten women's vulnerability to violence and undermine their efforts to ensure their safety and survival.

A Comparison of Migrant Integration Policies via Mixture of Matrix-Normals.

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in comparative studies about migrant integration, assimilation and the evaluation of policies implemented for these purposes. Over the years, the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) has become a reference on these topics. This index measures and evaluates the policies of migrants' integration in 52 countries over time. However, the comparison of very different countries can be difficult and, if not well conducted, can lead to misleading interpretations and evaluations of the results. The aim of this paper is to improve this comparison and facilitate the reading of the considered phenomenon, by applying a Mixture of Matrix-Normals classification model for longitudinal data. Focusing on data for 7 MIPEX dimensions from 2014 to 2019, our analysis identify 5 clusters of countries, facilitating the evaluation and the comparison of the countries within each cluster and between different clusters.

Rethinking labour migration: Covid-19, essential work, and systemic resilience.

Many of the 'essential workers' during the Covid-19 pandemic are migrants, playing an important role for the continued functioning of basic services - notably health services, social care, and food supply chains. We argue that this role should be taken into account when assessing the impacts of migrant workers and in the design of labour migration and related public policies. Existing studies highlight how the employment of migrant workers in essential services is shaped by interests of employers, sectoral policies, and national institutions. Considerations of how migrants may affect the systemic resilience of essential services - in a pandemic or similar crises - are pervasively absent, not only in policy-making but also in research. Drawing on several disciplines, we outline the concept of systemic resilience and develop implications for the analysis and regulation of labour migration. We call for shifting the focus from the role of migrants in specific occupations and sectors in particular countries to transnational systems of production and service provision. To study how migrant workers affect systemic resilience, we propose an agenda for comparative research along three lines: comparing migrants to citizens within the same system, comparing migrants' roles across systems, and comparing strategies for resilience adopted in different systems.

Disciplining migration aspirations through migration-information campaigns: A systematic review of the literature.

In the past few years, governmental agencies have developed a diverse repertoire of migration-management measures to steer migration flows and discipline unwanted migration. Migration-information campaigns have become a prominent tool aimed at communicating directly to migration aspirations of the targeted population in transit and sending countries. Through these information campaigns the geographical locus of control is shifted toward where the receiving state seeks to steer migration flows. This review paper is a research synthesis on literature engaging with migration-information campaigns. The study is based on 17 peer-reviewed journal articles from the years 2010-2020. Articles were coded based on discipline, type of research, research perspective, geographic origin and focus of the campaigns, objectives and rationale of the campaigns, tools and methods used in those campaigns, campaign funding, actor constellations, and a general assessment of each article. Findings from this study identify prominent trends as well as blind spots in the current research and indicate that there is still little research available on information campaigns concerning irregular migration, and even fewer studies report on their effectiveness. By implication future research is advised to focus on empirical studies on the impact of information campaigns on migrants' aspirations.

The Regional Migration-Development Nexus in Australia: What Migration? Whose Development?

Both regional resettlement of refugees, and the attraction of different kinds of migrant labor to regional areas, have been significant trends in Australia's recent migration policies. Using the concept of the migration-development nexus, we address important questions about the nature and scope of development these different policies aim to promote, and achieve. We examine the intersection of policies and initiatives implemented to encourage and support refugee settlement and regional migration in Australia with the perspectives of regionally settled migrants and refugees on their regional migration outcomes. We argue that recent government policies, and multi-stakeholder initiatives aimed at regional migration and/or settlement, cast migrants as differential contributors to regional development, useful either in terms of their skills (skilled migrants) or their labor (backpackers, seasonal workers, refugees). The co-presence of different groups of migrants in regional locations is also shaped by the fluctuating employer demands for mobile labor in combination with visa regulations. We draw on data from three projects on regional settlement, multiculturalism and mobilities to analyze three important elements of regional migration that are central to a critical analysis of the nexus between rural migration and development in regional Australia: the complex roles of employers; the embedding of regional migration in migrants' life courses; and the tension between long-term migration outcomes and quick fixes. By focusing on development as it is experienced by migrants themselves and interpreted by different stakeholders in regional migration, we draw attention to the limitations of a purely instrumental view of migrants as agents of regional development. We argue that the sustainability of regional migration policies will depend on recognizing the important role of migrants' hopes, needs and aspirations as well as their rights, and the unintended human costs and consequences of exclusively economically driven migration policy design.

Neoconservadorismo e políticas migratórias: o Brasil rumo ao retrocesso? / Neoconservatism and migration policies: Brazil heading backwards?

Este texto aborda a ascensão do neoconservadorismo no Brasil e seus possíveis influxos nas políticas migratórias. Analisa as características essenciais do pensamento neoconservador; como se manifestam no arranjo político que ascendeu ao poder no Brasil na década de 2010; e quais os possíveis influxos que podem representar nas políticas migratórias. Funda-se em revisão de literatura e análise de documentos. Constata-se que o pensamento neoconservador se sustenta em uma mescla de valores tradicionais (família, hierarquia, moralidade, autoridade), com ideias liberais na economia, securitização do Estado, nacionalismo, controle da pobreza e fundamentalismo religioso, fomentando uma "política do ódio" ao diferente, podendo comprometer os custosos avanços legislativos no campo das migrações, bem como a liberdade de circulação de pessoas migrantes e a sua inserção e integração nos corpos políticos

This text deals with the rise of neoconservatism in Brazil and its possible influences on migration policies. Analyzes the essential characteristics of neoconservative thinking; how these manifest themselves in the political arrangement that came to power in Brazil in the 2010s; and what are the possible inflows that may represent in the migratory policies. It is based on literature review and document analysis. It is clear that neoconservative thinking is based on a mixture of traditional values (family, hierarchy, morality, authority), with liberal ideas in the economy, state securitization, nationalism, poverty control and religious fundamentalism, fostering a "politics of hatred" to the different, which could undermine the costly legislative advances in the field of migration, as well as the freedom of movement of migrant persons and their insertion and integration into political bodies

Support for rejection and reception policies toward asylum seekers in Italy: The role of conservative ideologies and legitimizing myths.

Based on Social Dominance Theory (SDT), this study investigates the relationships between ideologically conservative attitudes (social dominance orientation, SDO; right-wing authoritarianism, RWA), legitimizing myths (false belief in asylum seekers as bogus; perception of in-group threats), and citizens' support for restricted reception and rejection of asylum policies. A sample of 539 people living in Italy filled in an anonymous questionnaire administered using a cross-sectional design. The results support the expectations, showing that people high in SDO and RWA were more likely to hold the belief that asylum seekers are making false claims and to perceive that the latter pose a threat to the in-group, which in turn increased support for both of restrictive policies. Findings suggest that conservative ideologies can positively affect citizens' support for restrictive asylum seeker policies based on both rejection and restricted reception by supplying ideological justification for not accommodating them in the host society.

From discourse to practice: the circulation of norms, ideas and practices of migration management through the implementation of the mobility partnerships in Moldova and Georgia.

This research wishes to contribute to the understanding of the migration policy regime of the European Union (EU), by considering an analytical perspective that privileges the standpoint of the countries of its neighbourhood. As an entry point, we have focused our analysis on the Mobility Partnership, a policy instrument of soft power, representative of the emblematic network governance privileged by the EU in its current political framework, the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM). Applying an "instrument approach", our research raises the question of the role played by the Mobility Partnership in the circulation of norms, ideas and practices related to the "good governance" of international migration, and whether these are internalized by the partner third countries. We present the results of a comparative analysis of two study-cases, Moldova and Georgia, countries considered by the European Commission as the "best pupils" in the implementation of their Mobility Partnerships, with the ambition to interrogate whether this instrument leads to a "common understanding" between the EU and the national actors that may lead to a translation of the European objectives in the field of migration into the registries of practices in the countries of the Eastern neighbourhood. Lastly, we will discuss the strategic "usage" of this instrument from the partner third countries, that can lead to different results, from complete absorption of the objectives, to resistance in their implementation.

Políticas públicas e desigualdades na migração e refúgio / Public policies and inequalities in migration and refuge / Les politiques publiques et les inégalités dans la migration et le refuge / Políticas públicas y las desigualdades en la migración y refugio

O artigo analisa, como desafio para as políticas públicas, o tema da alteridade de migrantes e refugiados, quando esta é vivida ou interpretada como diferença que discrimina, exclui ou até criminaliza, transformando sua riqueza em desigualdade que produz e reproduz vulnerabilidades. Após ampla introdução, o texto se desenvolve em três partes: contribuições ao tema a partir do Relatório Mundial 2013 da Organização Internacional para as Migrações (OIM) sobre as Migrações e a partir do Documento Final do II Diálogo de Alto Nível das Nações Unidas sobre Migrações e Desenvolvimento de 2013, às quais segue um aprofundamento sobre a criminalização das migrações, considerado um aspecto que determina a abordagem do tema. A breve conclusão sublinha a relevância do reconhecimento dos sujeitos migrantes e refugiados como protagonistas na formulação das políticas migratórias igualitárias.(AU)

The article examines, as a challenge for public policies, the theme of otherness of migrants and refugees when it is experienced or interpreted as a difference that discriminates, excludes or even criminalizes, transforming their richness into inequalities that produce and reproduce vulnerabilities. After an extensive introduction, the text unfolds in three parts: contributions to the theme from the World Report 2013 of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) on migration and from the Final Document of the Second High-level Dialogue of the United Nations on Migration and Development 2013, followed by a in-depth analysis on the criminalization of migration, considered an aspect that determines the approach to the subject. A brief conclusion emphasizes the importance of recognizing migrants and refugees as protagonists in the formulation of equitable migration policies.(AU)

Cet article analyse, comme un défi pour les politiques publiques, le thème de l'altérité des migrants et réfugiés quand celle-ci est vécue ou interprétée comme une différence qui les discrimine, exclut ou même criminalise, de façon à transformer leur richesse en inégalité qui produit et reproduit des vulnérabilités. Après une longue introduction, le texte se construit en trois parties: des contributions sur le sujet à partir du Rapport Mondial 2013 de l'Organisation International pour les Migrations sur la migration; ensuite, à partir du Document Final du II Dialogue de Haut Niveau des Nations Unies sur les Migrations et le Développement de 2013; suivi par un approfondissement sur la criminalisation de la migration, considérée comme un aspect qui détermine l'approche de la question. Une brève conclusion souligne l'importance de reconnaître les sujets migrants et réfugiés en tant que protagonistes dans la formulation de politiques migratoires égalitaires.(AU)

El artículo analiza, como desafío para las políticas públicas, el tema de la alteridad de migrantes y refugiados, cuando la misma es vivida o interpretada como una diferencia que discrimina, excluye o incluso criminaliza, transformando su riqueza en desigualdad que produce y reproduce vulnerabilidades. Después de una amplia introducción, el texto se desarrolla en tres partes: contribuciones al tema desde el Informe Mundial 2013 de la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) sobre las Migraciones y desde el Documento Final del II Dialogo de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas sobre Migraciones y Desarrollo de 2013, las cuales sigue una profundización sobre la criminalización de las migraciones, considerando un aspecto que determina el abordaje del tema. La breve conclusión enfatiza la relevancia del reconocimiento de los sujetos migrantes y refugiados como protagonistas en la formulación de las políticas migratorias que quieran tener la marca de la equidad.(AU)

Políticas públicas e desigualdades na migração e refúgio / Public policies and inequalities in migration and refuge / Les politiques publiques et les inégalités dans la migration et le refuge / Políticas públicas y las desigualdades en la migración y refugio

O artigo analisa, como desafio para as políticas públicas, o tema da alteridade de migrantes e refugiados, quando esta é vivida ou interpretada como diferença que discrimina, exclui ou até criminaliza, transformando sua riqueza em desigualdade que produz e reproduz vulnerabilidades. Após ampla introdução, o texto se desenvolve em três partes: contribuições ao tema a partir do Relatório Mundial 2013 da Organização Internacional para as Migrações (OIM) sobre as Migrações e a partir do Documento Final do II Diálogo de Alto Nível das Nações Unidas sobre Migrações e Desenvolvimento de 2013, às quais segue um aprofundamento sobre a criminalização das migrações, considerado um aspecto que determina a abordagem do tema. A breve conclusão sublinha a relevância do reconhecimento dos sujeitos migrantes e refugiados como protagonistas na formulação das políticas migratórias igualitárias...

The article examines, as a challenge for public policies, the theme of otherness of migrants and refugees when it is experienced or interpreted as a difference that discriminates, excludes or even criminalizes, transforming their richness into inequalities that produce and reproduce vulnerabilities. After an extensive introduction, the text unfolds in three parts: contributions to the theme from the World Report 2013 of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) on migration and from the Final Document of the Second High-level Dialogue of the United Nations on Migration and Development 2013, followed by a in-depth analysis on the criminalization of migration, considered an aspect that determines the approach to the subject. A brief conclusion emphasizes the importance of recognizing migrants and refugees as protagonists in the formulation of equitable migration policies...

El artículo analiza, como desafío para las políticas públicas, el tema de la alteridad de migrantes y refugiados, cuando la misma es vivida o interpretada como una diferencia que discrimina, excluye o incluso criminaliza, transformando su riqueza en desigualdad que produce y reproduce vulnerabilidades. Después de una amplia introducción, el texto se desarrolla en tres partes: contribuciones al tema desde el Informe Mundial 2013 de la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) sobre las Migraciones y desde el Documento Final del II Dialogo de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas sobre Migraciones y Desarrollo de 2013, las cuales sigue una profundización sobre la criminalización de las migraciones, considerando un aspecto que determina el abordaje del tema. La breve conclusión enfatiza la relevancia del reconocimiento de los sujetos migrantes y refugiados como protagonistas en la formulación de las políticas migratorias que quieran tener la marca de la equidad...

What we can and cannot learn from the history of world population.

Mankind is passing through an exceptional phase of accelerated population growth that generates anxiety about the future. How many billion people will share the limited resources of our globe a century from now? What will be the consequences of globalization for human behaviour? How will individuals react to emerging new constraints? What will be the consequences of climate change for human society? Obviously enough, history cannot offer operational answers to these crucial questions. Nevertheless, history offers some interesting insights into demographic behaviour experienced in the past that could be replicated in the future, with the variations and adaptations dictated by the changing contexts. In other words, there are constants and structures in human behaviour, and there are robust mechanisms in the functioning of demographic systems that are of some help in preparing us to deal with the future.

Conceptualizing and measuring migration policy change.

This paper outlines the methodology of DEMIG POLICY, a new database tracking around 6,000 migration policy changes in 45 countries between 1945 and 2014. The article conceptualizes the notion of migration policy change and presents the coding system used to operationalize policy content, changes in policy restrictiveness, as well as the magnitude of policy changes. The paper also discusses the potential of DEMIG POLICY to improve our understanding of the nature, evolution, and effectiveness of migration policies. Besides significantly extending the geographical and historical coverage of existing migration policy databases, DEMIG POLICY also tracks emigration policies in order to overcome the common 'receiving country bias' in migration research. By offering key insights into the main features of the largest migration policy database completed to date, this paper hopes to provide useful guidelines to improve future efforts to measure migration policies. Such improvement is crucial given the heated debates on migration policy effectiveness on one hand and the still limited empirical evidence on this issue on the other.