Teacher Self-regulation: Validation of Scales in Chile Applied with an Online Technological Tool / Autorregulación Docente: Validación de Escalas en Chile Aplicadas con una Herramienta Tecnológica Online

Resumen La autorregulación docente es de gran importancia porque permite un ejercicio profesional organizado y estructurado, además facilita un desempeño exitoso del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, permitiendo al docente monitorear la efectividad de sus prácticas pedagógicas y modelar habilidades de autorregulación en sus estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar escalas para medir procesos de autorregulación docente en español y con evidencia de su funcionalidad mediante la aplicación de herramientas tecnológicas. El estudio fue cuantitativo, con un diseño instrumental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 204 profesores de Educación Media de Chile. Las escalas fueron adaptadas de la Teacher Self-regulation Scale y sometidas a procedimientos de retrotraducción, entrevistas cognitivas, análisis factorial confirmatorio y análisis de confiabilidad. Los resultados mostraron estimadores adecuados de validez y confiabilidad para las siete escalas correspondientes a establecimiento de metas, interés intrínseco, orientación a metas de desempeño, orientación a metas de dominio, autoinstrucción, control emocional y autoevaluación. En conclusión, las escalas permiten una medición válida y fiable de los procesos de autorregulación de la enseñanza.

Abstract Teacher self-regulation is of great importance because it allows an organized and structured professional exercise, it also facilitates a successful performance of the teaching and learning process, allowing the teacher to monitor the effectiveness of their pedagogical practices and modeling of selfregulatory skills in students. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate scales to measure teaching self-regulation processes in Spanish and with evidence of its functionality by application of technological tools. The study was quantitative, with an instrumental design. The sample consisted of 204 secondary school teachers in Chile. The scales were adapted from the Teacher Self-regulation Scale and underwent back-translation procedures, cognitive interviews, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analyses. The results showed adequate validity and reliability estimators for seven scales corresponding to goal setting, intrinsic interest, performance goal orientation, goal mastery orientation, self-instruction, emotional control, and self-evaluation. In conclusion, the scales allow valid and reliable measurement of teaching self-regulatory processes.

The Mediation Effect of Attitudes for the Association between Thoughts and the Use of Condoms in a Mobile-App Environment: From Thought to Intention.

The ubiquity of mobile devices and access to the internet has changed our daily life and, in some cases, promoted and facilitated social and sexual interrelationships. There are many applications of technology and campaigns promoting healthy behaviors and prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Can we develop a strategy for the same purpose using mobile devices, based on the theory of attitude change? We developed an app and tested it with 105 undergraduate students, where they had to actively think in favor of condom use with a high amount of elaboration, leading to attitudes and behavioral intention (BI) in concordance with contemporary theories about attitudes and behavioral change. PROCESS macro models were used to analyze potential mediations. Results show a significant correlation between thoughts and attitudes, and attitudes partially mediated the association between thoughts and condom use. Individuals with positive thoughts tended to positively correlate their thoughts with their attitudes, and, consequently, these attitudes with their BI. In this study, we showed that (1) it was possible to develop and test an app based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM); (2) consistent with previous studies, attitudes partially mediated the association between thoughts and condom use (BI) in a mobile environment; and (3) applications of this strategy can be used to build new approaches for prevention in health care.

Teste de dígitos no ruído no Português Brasileiro: influência das variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas em normo-ouvintes / Digits-in-noise test in Brazilian Portuguese: how demographic and socioeconomic variables influence normal-hearing subjects

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a influência das variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas no limiar de reconhecimento de fala no ruído (LRF) obtidos no teste de dígitos no ruído (TDR) no Português Brasileiro em normo-ouvintes. Método Estudo transversal e prospectivo. A amostra de conveniência foi composta por 151 sujeitos normo-ouvintes com idade entre 12 e 79 anos (média =34,66) que realizaram audiometria tonal liminar e teste de dígitos no ruído branco com sequência de trios numéricos em estímulo diótico (inphase) no mesmo dia. O TDR foi realizado com um smartphone Motorola Z3 play com acesso à internet com fones de ouvido intra-auriculares. Os limiares de reconhecimento dos dígitos no ruído (LRF) foram analisados em função do sexo, idade, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico. Foi utilizado para comparar as amostras independentes, o teste não-paramétrico Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A média do LRF foi de -8,47 dBNA (dp -3,89), com mediana de -9,6 dBNA. O LRF foi proporcionalmente inverso à escolaridade e nível socioeconômico e mais negativo (isto é, melhor) com menor faixa-etária. Não houve evidência de influência do sexo no LRF do TDR. Conclusão Idade, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico mostraram influenciar o limiar no TDR; essas variáveis devem ser consideradas na análise de desempenho do TDR no Português Brasileiro em sujeitos normo-ouvintes.

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify how demographic and socioeconomic variables on the in-noise speech recognition threshold (SRT) from the digits-in-noise test (DIN) in Brazilian Portuguese influence normal-hearing subjects. Methods Cross-sectional, prospective study. The convenience sample had 151 normal-hearing subjects between 12 and 79 years (mean=34.66) who underwent pure tone audiometry and digits-in-noise test with white noise using a sequence of three numbers in diotic stimulus (in-phase) on the same day. The DIN was performed using a Motorola Z3 Play smartphone with internet access and in-ear headphones. In-noise digit speech recognition threshold (SRT) was analyzed for gender, age, educational levels, and socioeconomic status. We used the non-parametric version of the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests to compare independent samples adopting a significance level of 5%. Results The mean SRT was -8.47 dBNA (SD -3.89) with a median of -9.6 dBNA. The SRT was proportionally inverse to educational levels and socioeconomic status and more negative (better) with lower age groups. Gender did not influence the DIN SRT. Conclusion Age, educational levels, and socioeconomic status influenced the DIN threshold. These variables must be considered when analyzing DIN performance in Brazilian Portuguese in normal-hearing subjects.

An Architecture for Collaborative Terrain Sketching with Mobile Devices.

3D terrains used in digital animations and videogames are typically created by several collaborators with a single-user application, which constrains them to update the shared terrain from their PCs, using a turn-taking strategy. Moreover, collaborators have to visualize the terrain through 2D views, confusing novice users when conceiving its shape in 3D. In this article, we describe an architecture for collaborative applications, which allow co-located users to sketch a terrain using their mobile devices concurrently. Two interaction modes are supplied: the standard one and an augmented reality-based mode, which helps collaborators understand the 3D terrain shape. Using the painting with brushesparadigm, users can modify the terrain while visualizing its shape evolution through the camera of their devices. Work coordination is promoted by enriching the 3D space with each collaborator's avatar, which provides awareness information about identity, location, and current action. We implemented a collaborative application from this architecture that was tested by groups of users, who assessed its hedonic and pragmatic qualities in both interaction modes and compared them with the qualities of a similar Web terrain editor. The results showed that the augmented reality mode of our prototype was considered more attractive and usable by the participants.

Exploring the technological acceptance of a mobile learning tool used in the teaching of an indigenous language.

Language is the primordial element for cultural transfer in indigenous communities; if it is not practiced, there is a risk of losing it and with it, a large part of the history of a community. Ecuador is a multicultural and multiethnic country with 18 indigenous peoples. Currently, in this country, some native languages are at risk of disappearing due to factors such as racial discrimination, underestimation of the language, and, above all, the lack of interest and motivation of the new generations to learn this language. Information technologies have made it possible to create mobile applications such as games, dictionaries, and translators that promote the learning of the Kichwa language. However, the acceptance of technology has not been evaluated, nor the intention to involve mobile devices in the process of teaching this language. Subsequently the objective of this work is to explore the acceptance of technology and the use of mobile devices to motivate the learning of the Kichwa language. For this purpose, the mobile application "Otavalo Rimay" was used with several students of a Kichwa language learning center. The methodology used to verify the hypothesis of this work was Design Sciences Research (DSR) together with the theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The instrument used for this evaluation was a survey carried out after the use of the mobile application. The statistical analysis of the results obtained indicates characteristics such as the utility and perceived ease of use, positively influence students to motivate the use of mobile devices in learning a language. The results also show the great technological acceptance by students for learning and confirm that currently, mobile learning is accepted for use in education.

Conteúdos temáticos para o desenvolvimento de aplicativo móvel sobre covid-19 / Contenido temático para el desarrollo de una aplicación móvil sobre covid-19 / Thematic content for the development of a mobile application about covid-19

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar conteúdos temáticos acerca da covid-19 para o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo móvel para a população, na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida no estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre agosto e outubro de 2020, por meio de formulário eletrônico com profissionais de saúde, cujos dados foram processados no software IRAMUTEQ pelos métodos: Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, Análise Fatorial de Correspondência e Análise de Similitude. Resultados: os conteúdos temáticos identificados para o desenvolvimento do aplicativo móvel foram: medidas protetivas e comportamentais, informações precisas e confiável dos fatos que circundam a covid-19, contágio, transmissão, além de informações sobre locais de atendimento para a população. Conclusão: conclui-se que a disponibilização desses conteúdos em um aplicativo móvel é mais do que um facilitador para os enfermeiros; ele se apresenta como um componente crítico para transformar a prática e a educação da enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los contenidos temáticos sobre el covid-19 para el desarrollo de una aplicación móvil para la población, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud. Método: investigación cualitativa, desarrollada en el estado de Río de Janeiro, entre agosto y octubre de 2020, a través de un formulario electrónico con profesionales de la salud, cuyos datos fueron procesados en el software IRAMUTEQ por los métodos: Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente, Análisis Factorial de Correspondencia y Análisis de Similitud. Resultados: los contenidos temáticos identificados para el desarrollo de la aplicación móvil fueron: medidas de protección y comportamiento, información precisa y fiable de los hechos que rodean al covid-19, el contagio, la transmisión, además de información sobre los lugares de atención a la población. Conclusión: se concluye que la disponibilidad de estos contenidos en una aplicación móvil es más que un facilitador para las enfermeras; se presenta como un componente crítico para transformar la práctica y la educación de la enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze thematic content about covid-19 for the development of a mobile application for the population, from the perspective of health professionals. Method: qualitative research, developed in the state of Rio de Janeiro, between August and October 2020, through an electronic form with health professionals, whose data were processed in IRAMUTEQ software by the methods: Descending Hierarchical Classification, Correspondence Factor Analysis and Similarity Analysis. Results: the thematic contents identified for the development of the mobile application were protective and behavioral measures, accurate and reliable information on the facts surrounding covid-19, contagion, transmission, as well as information on care locations for the population. Conclusion: it is concluded that the availability of these contents in a mobile app is more than a facilitator for nurses; it presents itself as a critical component to transform nursing practice and education.

Uso de pantallas en niños pequeños y preocupación parental / Screen use among young children and parental concer

Introducción. El uso excesivo de tecnología en niños pequeños es motivo de preocupación en la práctica pediátrica.Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de pantallas en niños < 4 años y su relación con la presencia de preocupación parental por el desarrollo psicomotor en áreas motora, del lenguaje, cognitiva y personal social. Población y métodos. Encuesta realizada a padres y/o madres de niños ≥ 18 meses y < 4 años, controlados en consultorio, durante febrero-mayo de 2018. Estudio descriptivo transversal.Resultados. Se realizaron 150 encuestas. Uso combinado de dispositivos en el 100 %: televisión, el 98 %; smartphones, el 80 %; tabletas, el 52,7 %; computadoras, el 24 %. Promedio de uso: 2,25 h/día en todas las edades (desvío estándar: 1,2). Uso y calidad: juegos, el 60 % (no didácticos, un 23 %); videos, el 88 % (no didácticos, un 20 %). Preocupación parental sobre el desarrollo: el 82 % no poseía; el 8,7 %, sobre el lenguaje; el 9,3 %, sobre falta de atención; las dos últimas coincidieron con mayor exposición: 2,92 h/día (p = 0,0024). Opinión parental sobre uso y efectos en el desarrollo: el 52 %, beneficioso; el 12 %, no influía; el 25,3 %, perjudicial, y el 10,7 %, perjudicial por uso excesivo; las dos últimas coincidieron con menor exposición: 1,8 horas/día (p = 0,0023).Conclusiones.El 100 % de los niños usa dispositivos en forma combinada. La preocupación parental por el desarrollo psicomotor se presenta cuando la exposición está fuera de las recomendaciones vigentes por edades.

Introduction. An excessive technology use among young children is a cause for concern in pediatric practice.Objective. To assess screen use among children < 4 years old and its relation to parental concern about psychomotor development regarding motor, language, cognitive, and personal-social skills.Population and methods. Survey administered to mothers and/or fathers of children aged ≥ 18 months and < 4 years seen at the outpatient office between February and May 2018. Descriptive, cross-sectional study.Results. A total of 150 surveys were completed. Combined device use in 100 %: TV, 98 %; smartphones, 80 %; tablets, 52.7 %; computers, 24 %. Average use: 2.25 h/day across all ages (standard deviation: 1.2). Use and quality: games, 60 % (non-educational, 23 %); videos, 88 % (non-educational, 20 %). Parental concern about development: 82 % had no concerns; 8.7 % was concerned about language; 9.3 %, about attention deficit; the latter two were consistent with a longerexposure time: 2.92 h/day (p = 0.0024). Parental opinion about use and effects on development:52 %, beneficial; 12 %, no effect; 25.3 %, harmful;and 10.7 %, harmful due to excessive use; the latter two were consistent with a shorter exposure time: 1.8 h/day (p = 0.0023).Conclusions. The 100 % of children use devices in combination. Parental concern about psychomotor development is expressed when exposure exceeds the current recommendations for age

Screen use among young children and parental concern. / Uso de pantallas en niños pequeños y preocupación parental.

INTRODUCTION: An excessive technology use among young children is a cause for concern in pediatric practice. OBJECTIVE: To assess screen use among children < 4 years old and its relation to parental concern about psychomotor development regarding motor, language, cognitive, and personal-social skills. POPULATION AND METHODS: Survey administered to mothers and/or fathers of children aged ≥ 18 months and < 4 years seen at the outpatient office between February and May 2018. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. RESULTS: A total of 150 surveys were completed. Combined device use in 100 %: TV, 98 %; smartphones, 80 %; tablets, 52.7 %; computers, 24 %. Average use: 2.25 h/day across all ages (standard deviation: 1.2). Use and quality: games, 60 % (non-educational, 23 %); videos, 88 % (non-educational, 20 %). Parental concern about development: 82 % had no concerns; 8.7 % was concerned about language; 9.3 %, about attention deficit; the latter two were consistent with a longer exposure time: 2.92 h/day (p = 0.0024). Parental opinion about use and effects on development: 52 %, beneficial; 12 %, no effect; 25.3 %, harmful; and 10.7 %, harmful due to excessive use; the latter two were consistent with a shorter exposure time: 1.8 h/day (p = 0.0023). CONCLUSION: The 100 % of children use devices in combination. Parental concern about psychomotor development is expressed when exposure exceeds the current recommendations for age.

Introducción. El uso excesivo de tecnología en niños pequeños es motivo de preocupación en la práctica pediátrica. Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de pantallas en niños < 4 años y su relación con la presencia de preocupación parental por el desarrollo psicomotor en áreas motora, del lenguaje, cognitiva y personal social. Población y métodos. Encuesta realizada a padres y/o madres de niños ≥ 18 meses y < 4 años, controlados en consultorio, durante febreromayo de 2018. Estudio descriptivo transversal. Resultados. Se realizaron 150 encuestas. Uso combinado de dispositivos en el 100 %: televisión, el 98 %; smartphones, el 80 %; tabletas, el 52,7 %; computadoras, el 24 %. Promedio de uso: 2,25 h/día en todas las edades (desvío estándar: 1,2). Uso y calidad: juegos, el 60 % (no didácticos, un 23 %); videos, el 88 % (no didácticos, un 20 %). Preocupación parental sobre el desarrollo: el 82 % no poseía; el 8,7 %, sobre el lenguaje; el 9,3 %, sobre falta de atención; las dos últimas coincidieron con mayor exposición: 2,92 h/ día (p = 0,0024). Opinión parental sobre uso y efectos en el desarrollo: el 52 %, beneficioso; el 12 %, no influía; el 25,3 %, perjudicial, y el 10,7 %, perjudicial por uso excesivo; las dos últimas coincidieron con menor exposición: 1,8 horas/ día (p = 0,0023). Conclusiones. El 100 % de los niños usa dispositivos en forma combinada. La preocupación parental por el desarrollo psicomotor se presenta cuando la exposición está fuera de las recomendaciones vigentes por edades.

mHealth technology for ecological momentary assessment in physical activity research: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the publications on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) relating to physical activity (PA) behavior in order to classify the methodologies, and to identify the main mHealth technology-based tools and procedures that have been applied during the first 10 years since the emergence of smartphones. As a result of this review, we want to ask if there is enough evidence to propose the use of the term "mEMA" (mobile-based EMA). DESIGN: A systematic review according to PRISMA Statement (PROSPERO registration: CRD42018088136). METHOD: Four databases (PsycINFO, CINALH, Medline and Web of Science Core Collection) were searched electronically from 2008 to February 2018. RESULTS: A total of 76 studies from 297 potential articles on the use of EMA and PA were included in this review. It was found that 71% of studies specifically used "EMA" for assessing PA behaviors but the rest used other terminology that also adjusted to the inclusion criteria. Just over half (51.3%) of studies (39) used mHealth technology, mainly smartphones, for collecting EMA data. The majority (79.5%) of these studies (31 out of 39) were published during the last 4 years. On the other hand, 58.8% of studies that only used paper-and-pencil were published during the first 3 years of the 10-year period analyzed. An accelerometer was the main built-in sensor used for collecting PA behavior by means of mHealth (69%). Most of the studies were carried out on young-adult samples, with only three studies in older adults. Women were included in 60% of studies, and healthy people in 82%. The studies lasted between 1 and 7 days in 57.9%, and between three and seven assessments per day were carried out in 37%. The most popular topics evaluated together with PA were psychological state and social and environmental context. CONCLUSIONS: We have classified the EMA methodologies used for assessing PA behaviors. A total of 71% of studies used the term "EMA" and 51.3% used mHealth technology. Accelerometers have been the main built-in sensor used for collecting PA. The change of trend in the use of tools for EMA in PA coincides with the technological advances of the last decade due to the emergence of smartphones and mHealth technology. There is enough evidence to use the term mEMA when mHealth technology is being used for monitoring real-time lifestyle behaviors in natural situations. We define mEMA as the use of mobile computing and communication technologies for the EMA of health and lifestyle behaviors. It is clear that the use of mHealth is increasing, but there is still a lot to be gained from taking advantage of all the capabilities of this technology in order to apply EMA to PA behavior. Thus, mEMA methodology can help in the monitoring of healthy lifestyles under both subjective and objective perspectives. The tendency for future research should be the automatic recognition of the PA of the user without interrupting their behavior. The ecological information could be completed with voice messages, image captures or brief text selections on the touch screen made in real time, all managed through smartphone apps. This methodology could be extended when EMA combined with mHealth are used to evaluate other lifestyle behaviors.

Information and Communication Technology, Mobile Devices, and Medical Education.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are practical and highly available tools. In medical education, ICTs allow physicians to update their knowledge and remember the necessary information within reach of current mobile devices. ICTs as preparation tools for medical education have not been reported for medical students in Mexico. To assess the use of mobile devices as ICTs with medical education purposes, we distributed a questionnaire through an online survey management system to all the medical students (n = 180) from a private university in Mexico City, 100% agreed to participate. We developed a questionnaire based on previous surveys and adapted it to our university. All participants reported possession of an electronic mobile device, and 95% used it regularly for learning purposes. Regardless of the school year, the most frequent usage given to these devices was the search and reading of medical articles, the use of medical calculators, and taking notes. As the levels in career advances, there was a reduction in the use of electronic devices. According to the students, the main barriers towards using mobile devices for learning purposes were both the lack of access to the Internet and permission from the professor to use them. Most medical students use mobile devices for learning purposes, but usage changes during their education. It is convenient to encourage the use of mobile devices and the development of ICT skills as tools for educational purposes rather than banning their use in schools and hospitals.

Elaboração, validação e adequação de protocolo para aplicativo em diabetes tipo 1 / Elaboración, validación y adaptación de protocolo para aplicación en diabetes tipo 1 / Development, validation and adaptation of a protocol for a self-management app targeting adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Resumo Objetivo Elaborar, efetuar a validação de conteúdo e a adequação cultural do protocolo AGITO no autocuidado em diabetes tipo 1. Métodos Estudo metodológico realizado no período de fevereiro de 2017 a março de 2019, abrangendo três etapas: elaboração, validação de conteúdo e adequação cultural. Foram contemplados os principais temas de práticas de autocuidado em diabetes tipo 1, concernentes a aspectos educacionais, psicossociais e comportamentais. Na 2ª etapa, 32 profissionais da área da Saúde foram convidados a participar do Comitê de Juízes. A etapa final compreendeu dois ciclos de testes face a face do protocolo com 10 adolescentes com diabetes tipo 1. Resultados O protocolo de autocuidado em diabetes tipo 1 nomeado AGITO foi consolidado em seis seções, denominadas: Glicemia de Jejum; Glicemia antes do almoço; Glicemia antes do lanche da tarde; Glicemia antes do jantar; Glicemia antes do lanche de dormir; e Saúde Emocional. Cada seção do protocolo tem opções de respostas que o adolescente poderá marcar de acordo com a situação vivenciada para o controle glicêmico. A concordância entre os avaliadores e a população-alvo quanto à clareza e relevância dos itens foi confirmada pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, que apresentou variação das médias entre 0,90 e 1,0. As principais alterações realizadas foram a inclusão de termos mais utilizados no cotidiano dos adolescentes. Conclusão Este estudo fornece o protocolo AGITO com conteúdo validado, configurando-se um componente passível de ser utilizado como uma estratégia para o autocuidado em diabetes tipo 1 para adolescentes.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar, realizar la validación de contenido y adaptación cultural del protocolo AGITO para el autocuidado en diabetes tipo 1. Métodos Estudio metodológico realizado en el período de febrero de 2017 a marzo de 2019, que incluyó tres etapas: elaboración, validación del contenido y adaptación cultural. Fueron contemplados los principales temas sobre prácticas de autocuidado en diabetes tipo 1, relacionados con aspectos educativos, psicosociales y de comportamiento. En la segunda etapa, se invitó a 32 profesionales de la salud para participar en el Comité de Jueces. La etapa final consistió en dos ciclos de pruebas del protocolo cara a cara con 10 adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1. Resultados El protocolo de autocuidado en diabetes tipo 1 llamado AGITO fue consolidado en seis secciones denominadas: Glucemia en ayunas, Glucemia antes del almuerzo, Glucemia antes de la colación de la tarde, Glucemia antes de la cena, Glucemia antes de la colación de dormir y Salud emocional. Cada sección del protocolo tiene opciones de respuestas que el adolescente podrá marcar de acuerdo con la situación vivida para el control glucémico. La concordancia entre los evaluadores y la población destinataria respecto a la claridad y relevancia de los ítems fue confirmada por el Índice de Validez de Contenido, que presentó variación de los promedios entre 0,90 y 1,0. Las principales modificaciones realizadas fueron inclusiones de términos más utilizados en el día a día de los adolescentes. Conclusión Este estudio proporciona el protocolo AGITO con contenido validado y, de esta forma, se convierte en un componente apto para utilizarse como estrategia para el autocuidado en diabetes tipo 1 para adolescentes.

Abstract Objective To develop, validate and adapt a protocol for a self-management app targeting adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Methods Methodological study conducted from February 2017 to March 2019 in three stages: development; content validation; and adaptation. In stage 1, the main issues about self-management practices in type 1 diabetes were discussed regarding educational, psychosocial and behavioral aspects. In stage 2, 32 healthcare professionals were invited to participate as members of the Expert Committee. Stage 3 comprised two of face-to-face tests of the protocol with 10 type 1 diabetes adolescents. Result The type 1 diabetes self-management protocol called AGITO was developed covering six sections: Fasting blood sugar level, blood sugar level before lunch, blood sugar level before an afternoon snack, blood sugar level before dinner, blood sugar level before a bedtime snack, and emotional health. Each section of the protocol has multiple items that are answered by each adolescent according to his/her glycemic control situation. Agreement between the evaluators and the target population regarding the clarity and relevance of the items was confirmed by the content validity index, which ranged from 0.90 to 1.0. Adaptation was carried out to make sure the language in the protocol is closely patterned upon the vocabulary most frequently used by adolescents in their daily lives. Conclusion The AGITO protocol was developed and its content validated, allowing it to be used as a self-management strategy for adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Um estudo sobre letramento digital para idosos com o apoio de um aplicativo móvel personalizável / A study about alphabetization and digital literacy for older adults with the support of a customizable mobile apllication

O uso de sistemas computacionais para cuidados com a saúde de idosos é cada vez mais comum. No campo da educação, no entanto, as investigações enfocam mais em questões técnicas de desenvolvimento ou em adaptação de tecnologias, e não no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e aplicabilidade do uso de dispositivos móveis. Este trabalho buscou estimular, monitorar e avaliar o uso desses dispositivos no ambiente natural por idosos participantes de cursos de alfabetização e letramento digital. Também buscou promover novas metodologias para práticas de alfabetização e letramento digital para idosos. Foi realizado um estudo de viabilidade explorando o uso de um sistema denominado ESPIM, como um novo recurso pedagógico em cursos como este. O ESPIM permite a profissionais de diferentes áreas construírem programas de intervenção para realizar coletas de dados de forma remota com suas populações de interesse. Essa população responde a perguntas programadas pelos profissionais usando um aplicativo móvel. As perguntas planejadas podem ser questões abertas, de múltipla escolha, de escolha única, solicitação do envio de mídias como áudio, vídeo ou imagens. Neste estudo qualitativo, por duas semanas consecutivas, os participantes receberam alertas e instruções, por meio desse aplicativo, para realizar atividades práticas em casa sobre o conteúdo aprendido em sala de aula. Os resultados obtidos descrevem um comportamento positivo dos participantes em termos de engajamento na execução das atividades de casa, e também descrevem feedbacks sobre o aplicativo, tais como facilidades e dificuldades, autonomia no uso e adesão ao recurso tecnológico como forma de apoio a cursos como o supracitado.(AU)

The use of computer systems for health care for older people is increasingly common. In the field of education, however, investigations focus more on technical issues of development or adaptation of technologies, rather than on the teaching-learning process and the applicability of using mobile devices. This work aimed to stimulate, monitor and evaluate the use of these devices in the natural environment by older participants in literacy and digital literacy courses. It also sought to promote new methodologies for alphabetization and digital literacy practices for older adults. A feasibility study was carried out exploring the use of a system called ESPIM, as a new educational resource in courses like this. ESPIM allows professionals from different domains to plan intervention programs to carry out data collections remotely with their populations of interest. This population answers questions programmed by professionals using a mobile application. Planned questions can be open questions, multiple choice, single choice, request to send media such as audio, video or images. In this qualitative study, for two consecutive weeks, participants received alerts and instructions, through this application, to carry out practical activities at home on the content learned in the classroom. The results obtained describe a positive behavior of the participants in terms of engagement in the execution of home activities, and also describe feedbacks about the application, such as facilities and difficulties, autonomy in the use and adherence to the technological resource as a way of supporting courses such as above citied.(AU)

Sistema de edición de contenidos de salud para teléfonos inteligentes / Health Content Editing System for Smartphones

Con el propósito de implementar un sistema que permita a los familiares y pacientes de cualquier consulta médica en Cuba, acceder a información confiable, portable y además actualizable sin necesidad de conexiones a Internet se implementó un sistema que consta de dos herramientas: Athrim 1.0, aplicación orientada a dispositivos móviles con sistema operativo Android en versiones superior a 4.0. Esta aplicación permite a sus usuarios visualizar y consultar información, a través de la integración de recursos multimedia tales como imágenes, textos, videos y cuestionarios, lo que contribuye en nuestro caso al aprendizaje de diversas temáticas de interés médico. La otra herramienta que va a complementar la primera es la aplicación de escritorio MobileDataCreator que permite crear los contenidos que van a ser visualizados en la aplicación Athrim 1.0. La aplicación móvil ha sido utilizada con el tema de las alergias por especialistas en alergología del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora Torres y sus pacientes, siendo eficaz para el acceso a la información y aprendizaje de esta temática(AU)

In order to implement a system that allows family members and patients in Cuba, access to reliable, portable and also upgradeable information without the need for Internet connections, a system consisting of two tools has been implemented: Athrim 1.0, application oriented to mobile devices with Android operating system with version superior to 4.0. This application allows users to view and consult information through the integration of multimedia resources such as images, texts, videos and questionnaires, which contributes in our case to the learning of medical topics of interest. The other tool that will complement the first is the desktop application MobileDataCreator that allows to create the contents to be visualized in the application Athrim 1.0. The mobile application has been used with the theme of allergies by specialists in allergology of the Provincial Hospital Saturnino Lora Torres and their patients, being effective for access to information and learning of this subject(AU)

Idosos, aplicativos e smartphone: uma revisão integrativa / Elderly, Applications and Smartphone: an integrative review / Ancianos, aplicaciones y Smartphone: una revisión integradora

Este artigo pretende analisar pesquisas já consolidadas, de âmbito nacional e internacional, sobre as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), disponibilizadas em smartphones direcionadas para usuários idosos. A metodologia usa revisão integrativa com publicações compreendidas entre 2009 e 2018, em base de dados indexadas como: SCOPUS, Journal Citation Reports (JCR), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) e Google Scholar, da área de informática relacionadas a área de Interface Humano-Computador. Entre os resultados destacam-se: a análise e sistematização de 23 estudos e a sua categorização em: a) estudos desenvolvidos para benefício da saúde do idoso; e b) pesquisas sobre a avaliação de usabilidade de smartphones e aplicativos para o usuário idoso, conforme o contexto em que foram analisados, desenvolvidos ou avaliados.

This article intends to analyze research already consolidated, of national and international scope, on the ICTs, made available on smartphones directed to elderly users. The methodology uses an integrative review with publications between 2009 and 2018, based on indexed data such as: SCOPUS, Journal Citation Reports (JCR), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and Google Scholar, from the IT area related to the Human Interface area-Computer. Among the results, the following stand out: the analysis and systematization of 23 studies and their categorization into: a) studies developed to benefit the health of the elderly; and b) research on the usability evaluation of Smartphones and applications for the elderly user, according to the context in which they were analyzed, developed or evaluated.

Este artículo pretende analizar investigaciones ya consolidadas, de alcance nacional e internacional, sobre las TIC, disponibles en teléfonos inteligentes dirigidos a usuarios mayores. La metodología utiliza una revisión integradora con publicaciones entre 2009 y 2018, basada en datos indexados como: SCOPUS, Journal Citation Reports (JCR), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) y Google Scholar, del área de TI relacionada con el área de la interfaz humana-Computadora. Entre los resultados, se destacan los siguientes: el análisis y la sistematización de 23 estudios y su clasificación en: a) estudios desarrollados para beneficiar la salud de los ancianos; y b) investigación sobre la evaluación de la usabilidad de los teléfonos inteligentes y las aplicaciones para el usuario de edad avanzada, de acuerdo con el contexto en el que fueron analizados, desarrollados o evaluados.

Modelo para el reforzamiento del aprendizaje con dispositivos móviles / Model for the reinforcement of learning with mobile devices

Resumen La proliferación de dispositivos inteligentes móviles en la sociedad despierta un interés por conocer cómo los recursos de los dispositivos pueden usarse en el contexto educativo, ya que los estudiantes llevan sus teléfonos inteligentes (Smartphones) con ellos todo el tiempo. El objetivo del presente estudio analizó diferentes modelos para el desarrollo de aprendizajes en contextos móviles, puntualizado en mecanismos de refuerzo para la adaptación de los dispositivos móviles en la enseñanza tradicional. La comparación de las características de los modelos analizados sirvió de base para la propuesta de un modelo de enseñanza, para el reforzamiento de aprendizajes en entornos móviles, por lo que se desglosan los aspectos y características actuales más relevantes de los dispositivos para ofrecer al lector estrategias para el reforzamiento de su tarea docente, con seguimiento, soporte y la evaluación de los aprendizajes. La propuesta se basa en la esencia comunicacional de los dispositivos, uso de multimedia y escenarios resultantes de la inteligencia colectiva para interiorizar aprendizajes de manera independiente. Se recomienda implementarse en nivel secundaria, media superior y superior, a excepción del preescolar o en los primeros grados de educación primaria.

Abstract The proliferation of mobile smart devices in society arouses an interest in knowing how the resources of the devices can be used in the educational context, since students carry their Smartphones with them all the time. The present study analyzes different models for the development of learning in mobile contexts, focusing on reinforcement mechanisms for the adaptation of mobile devices in traditional education. The comparison of the characteristics of the analyzed models served as the basis for the proposal of a learning reinforcement model in mobile contexts. To that aim, the most relevant components and characteristics of current devices are outlined to offer the reader strategies for the reinforcement of his or her teaching practice, including followup, support and evaluation of learning tasks. The proposal is based on the communicative essence of the devices, use of multimedia and scenarios resulting from collective intelligence to interiorize learning independently. The model has been designed for its implementation in secondary and higher education levels, rather than in preschool or the first grades of primary education.

What is the role of smartphones on physical activity promotion? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and evaluate the effect of interventions that used cell phones as a means to promote physical activity (PA). METHODS: The databases searched were MedLine/PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Lilacs, and SciELO. After removing duplicates, applying exclusion criteria, and checking the reference lists, 45 studies were reviewed. The Downs and Black (D&B) scale measured methodological quality, and a random effect model was used to compute the meta-analysis of PA by the reported unit (minutes per day or steps per day), delivery agent (application (APP), SMS, or other), and PA measurement (questionnaire, accelerometer, pedometer). RESULTS: Mobile phone-based PA interventions were efficient in increasing both minutes [10.49; CI (3.37-17.60); p = 0.004] and steps per day [735.17; CI (227.72-1242.61); p = 0.005] in adults when compared to baseline. Furthermore, APP-based interventions were able to increase the number of steps (p = 0.04) and minutes per day of PA (p = 0.04) in adults. Also, 85% of included manuscripts were classified as moderate- to high-quality articles. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile phone-based PA interventions, inclusive those delivery by APP, were effective to increase minutes and steps per day in adults.

Soporte facilitador para la toma de imágenes microscópicas con dispositivos digitales / Support Facilitator for Taking Microscopic Images with Digital Devices

Introducción: La rápida evolución de la tecnología provoca la rápida obsolescencia de los equipos, esto constituye una desventaja dados los equipos tradicionales con que contamos en nuestro laboratorio. Técnicas como el procesamiento digital de imágenes han ampliado su propósito hacia el mejoramiento de las imágenes adquiridas y la búsqueda de información en ellas. Objetivo: Evaluar un soporte facilitador para la toma de imágenes microscópicas con dispositivos móviles digitales. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación de innovación tecnológica realizada en el período octubre-diciembre del 2017, en los laboratorios de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Resultados: Se propone la generación de una herramienta o soporte que admita el acople de un dispositivo digital para la toma de imágenes, que permita el procesamiento, almacenamiento y análisis de imágenes microscópicas, para la creación de una base de datos digitales para uso académico por parte del personal del área de ciencias básicas biomédicas y como un medio que facilite el estudio de tejidos a los estudiantes de medicina. Desde el punto de vista económico, la integración de imágenes en los sistemas de información supondría una reducción significativa de costos. Conclusiones: Se aprovechan las ventajas de los dispositivos móviles para la digitalización de imágenes. Estos dispositivos pueden adaptarse a los microscopios y generar productos que permitan el fácil proceso de visualización y almacenamiento, siendo accesibles y de fácil uso. Facilitará el desarrollo de investigaciones en el campo de la histología(AU)

Introduction: The rapid evolution of technology causes rapid obsolescence of equipment, which is a disadvantage given the traditional equipment that we have in our laboratory. Techniques such as digital image processing have expanded their purpose towards the improvement of acquired images and the search for information in them. Objective: To evaluate a facilitating support for the taking of microscopic images with digital mobile devices. Methods: A technological innovation research conducted in the period October-December 2017, in the laboratories of Basic Biomedical Sciences at the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba was developed. Results: We propose the generation of a tool that supports the coupling of a digital device for taking images. The tool allows the processing, storage and analysis of microscopic images, for the creation of a digital database for academic use by the personnel of the area of biomedical basic sciences, which will also serve as a means to facilitate the study of tissues to the Medicine students. From the economic point of view, the integration of images in the information systems would imply a significant reduction of costs. Conclusions: The advantages of mobile devices for the digitalization of images are exploited. These devices can be adapted to microscopes and generate products that allow easy viewing and storage process, being accessible and easy to use. It will facilitate the development of investigations in the field of histology(AU)

Monitoreo ambulatorio y generación de alertas tempranas ante anomalías cardiacas usando dispositivos móviles / Ambulatory monitoring and early warning generation of cardiac anomalies using mobile devices / Monitoramento ambulatorial e geração de aviso prévio de anomalias cardíacas usando dispositivos móveis

Resumen En este artículo se presenta un sistema portátil para el monitoreo ambulatorio del ritmo cardiaco y la detección temprana de las arritmias cardiacas de mayor riesgo. El sistema consta de un sensor con tres electrodos superficiales para la captura de la señal ECG, la cual se transmite vía Bluetooth a un dispositivo móvil con Android, en donde se realiza el análisis de la señal capturada durante lapsos de 5 s. El sistema propuesto distingue entre Ritmo Normal [Ritmo Sinusal - RS), Taquicardia Ventricular [TV), Fibrilación Ventricular [FV) y Asistolia, con una precisión del 100%, 55%, 75% y 90% respectivamente. Sin embargo, el sistema puede recuperarse de los errores rápidamente en el análisis de la trama subsecuente. Este trabajo se centra en el uso de dispositivos móviles de uso cotidiano, multitarea y de fácil acceso, implementando algoritmos en el dominio del tiempo para la extracción de parámetros, los cuales son idóneos para ser usados en aplicaciones móviles principalmente por su baja carga computacional y posibilidad de ejecución en tiempo real, permitiendo la detección de anomalías cardiacas de forma automática y rápida sin la necesidad de una supervisión constante por parte de un especialista para el análisis preliminar.

Abstract This paper presents a portable system for ambulatory heart rate monitoring and early detection of cardiac arrhythmias at high risk. The system consists of a sensor with three surface electrodes to capture the ECG signal, which is transmitted via bluetooth to a mobile device with Android, where the analysis is performed of the acquired signal during a time of 5 s. The proposed system distinguishes between Normal Rhythm [Rhythm Sinus - RS), Ventricular Tachycardia [VT), Ventricular Fibrillation [VF) and Asystole with an accuracy of 100%, 55%, 75% and 90% respectively. However, the system can quickly recover from errors in the subsequent analysis frame. This work focuses on using regular mobile devices which have multitasking and easy access characteristics, implementing algorithms in time domain for extracting parameters that are suitable to use in mobile applications, mainly because of their low computational load and possibility of execution in real time, allowing the detection of cardiac abnormalities automatically and quickly without the need of constant supervision by a specialist for preliminary analysis.

Resumo Neste artigo se apresenta um sistema portátil para o monitoramento da freqüência cardíaca ambulatorial e detecção precoce das arritmias cardíacas de mais risco. O sistema possui um sensor com três eletrodos superficiais para pegar o sinal ECG, o qual é transmitido via Bluetooth para um dispositivo móvel com Android, onde se faz a análise do sinal capturado durante um período de 5 s. O sistema proposto distingue entre Normal Ritmo [Ritmo Sinusal - RS), Taquicardia Ventricular [TV), Fibrilação Ventricular [FV) e Assistolia, com uma precisão do 100%, 55%, 75% e 90%, respectivamente. Porém, o sistema pode - se recuperar rapidamente dos erros na análise do quadro subsequente. Este trabalho centra-se no uso de dispositivos móveis de utilização diária, multitarefa e utilização acessível, implementação de algoritmos no domínio do tempo para a extração de parâmetros que são adequados para utilização em aplicações móveis, principalmente pela baixa carga computacional e possibilidade de execução em tempo real, permitindo a detecção de anormalidades cardíacas numa forma automática e rápida sem a necessidade de um controlo constante por um especialista para análise preliminar.

AACVOX: mobile application for augmentative alternative communication to help people with speech disorder and motor impairment

AbstractIntroduction: Communication is a fundamental element for the development of human beings, promoting their coexistence in society. However, changes in muscle tone, associated with cerebral palsy (CP), among other conditions, cause phono-articulatory dysfunctions hindering speech capabilities. Although there are resources for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), most of them do not completely satisfy the needs of individuals with motor impairment. Therefore, this study proposes a tool based on mobile technology for AAC, which can be adapted to the characteristics of the motor limitations of CP users. Methods Mobile system development was conducted employing user-centered design and development methods. Functions were developed allowing the communication of phrases through pictographic resources and a mechanism of speech synthesis, that can be customized according to specific communication needs. To validate this system, 20 CP volunteers with speech difficulties and motor impairment were recruited from two institutions in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. They operated the system following a pre-defined test protocol, and they answered a system usability scale (SUS) questionnaire, to rate the ease of learning, memorization, efficiency, occurrence of runtime errors, and the level of user satisfaction. Results The results showed a score of 85.85 ± 2.28 above the average SUS scale, for each one of the quality components assessed by the volunteers. Conclusion The developed software is user-friendly, representing a new option for AAC, and is customized according to the communication needs of people with speech disorder and motor impairment.

Implementación de servicios de referencia móvil en la Biblioteca de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: el uso de Whatsapp y SMS / Implementation of mobile reference services in the Library of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: the Whatsapp and SMS use

Resumen Se expone, en detalle, el proceso de implementación de dos servicios de referencia en la Biblioteca de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, mediante el uso de dispositivos y aplicaciones móviles. Los servicios implementados son la atención de consultas por mensaje de texto (SMS) y el envío de alertas informativas a través de Whatsapp. Se abordan detalles de la instalación, las pruebas del servicio y las políticas de implementación. Se concluye que las nuevas tecnologías móviles están brindando a las bibliotecas modernas posibilidades de ofertar sus servicios, dando al usuario la capacidad de utilizar los recursos de la unidad de información sin desplazarse físicamente al edificio; estas posibilidades no necesariamente requieren de una alta inversión presupuestaria para llevarlas a cabo.

Abstract The process of implementation of two reference services in the Library of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is presented in detail through the use of mobile devices and applications. The services implemented are the attention of queries by text message (SMS) and the sending of informational alerts through Whatsapp. Installation details, service testing and implementation policies are addressed. It is concluded that new mobile technologies are giving libraries new possibilities to offer their services, giving the user the ability to use the resources of the information unit without moving physically to the building. These new possibilities do not necessarily require a high budget investment to carry them out.