Modalidades de atención para el paciente adulto con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia en fase aguda y de mantenimiento / Types of Care for Adult Patients Diagnosed With Acute and Maintenance Phase Schizophrenia

Objetivos: Ayudar al clínico en la toma de decisiones sobre las modalidades de atención disponibles para el adulto con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Determinar cuáles son las modalidades de atención que se asocian a mejores desenlaces en personas adultas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Método: Se elaboró una guía de práctica clínica bajo los lineamientos de la Guía Metodológica del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social para identificar, sintetizar, evaluar la evidencia y formular recomendaciones respecto al manejo y seguimiento de los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Se adoptó y actualizó la evidencia de la guía NICE 82, que contestaba la pregunta acá planteada. Se presentó la evidencia y su graduación al grupo desarrollador de la guía (GDG) para la formulación de las recomendaciones siguiendo la metodología propuesta por el abordaje GRADE. Resultados: Se revisaron siete metaanálisis para la formulación de las recomendaciones de esta pregunta. Los pacientes que estuvieron en la modalidad de tratamiento asertivo comunitario presentaron un menor riesgo de nuevas hospitalizaciones. Para la modalidad de atención de manejo intensivo de caso se encontraron resultados concluyentes que favorecen a la intervención para rehospitalizaciones a mediano plazo, funcionamiento social y satisfacción con los servicios. Los equipos de resolución de crisis favorecen a esta frente al cuidado estándar en los desenlaces de rehospitalizaciones, funcionamiento social y satisfacción con el servicio. Conclusión: La utilización de diferentes modalidades de atención conlleva a la necesidad de ofrecer un abordaje integral a los pacientes. La evidencia muestra beneficios para la mayoría de los desenlaces estudiados sin encontrarse riesgos para la integridad o la salud de los pacientes. En esta evaluación se recomienda utilizar modalidades de prestación de servicios de salud que tengan una base comunitaria y que cuenten con un grupo multidisciplinario. No se recomienda usar la modalidad hospital día en la fase aguda de la esquizofrenia en adultos.

Objectives: To assist the clinician in making decisions about the types of care available for adults with schizophrenia. To determine which are the modalities of treatment associated with better outcomes in adults with schizophrenia. Methods: A clinical practice guideline was elaborated under the parameters of the Methodological Guide of the Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social to identify, synthesize and evaluate the evidence and make recommendations about the treatment and follow-up of adult patients with schizophrenia. The evidence of NICE guide 82 was adopted and updated. The evidence was presented to the Guideline Developing Group and recommendations, employing the GRADE system, were produced. Results: Patients who were in Assertive community treatment had a lower risk of new hospitalizations. For the intensive case management, the results favored this intervention in the outcomes: medium term readmissions, social functioning and satisfaction with services. The crisis resolution teamswas associated with better outcomes on outcomes of readmissions, social functioning and service satisfaction in comparison with standard care. Conclusion: The use of different modalities of care leads to the need of a comprehensive approach to patients to reduce the overall disability associated with the disease. Evidence shows overall benefit for most outcomes studied without encountering hazards for health of patients. This evaluation is recommended to use the professional ways of providing health services that are community-based and have a multidisciplinary group. It is not recommended the modality "day hospital" during the acute phase of schizophrenia in adults.

[Types of Care for Adult Patients Diagnosed With Acute and Maintenance Phase Schizophrenia]. / Modalidades de atención para el paciente adulto con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia en fase aguda y de mantenimiento.

OBJECTIVES: To assist the clinician in making decisions about the types of care available for adults with schizophrenia. To determine which are the modalities of treatment associated with better outcomes in adults with schizophrenia. METHODS: A clinical practice guideline was elaborated under the parameters of the Methodological Guide of the Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social to identify, synthesize and evaluate the evidence and make recommendations about the treatment and follow-up of adult patients with schizophrenia. The evidence of NICE guide 82 was adopted and updated. The evidence was presented to the Guideline Developing Group and recommendations, employing the GRADE system, were produced. RESULTS: Patients who were in Assertive community treatment had a lower risk of new hospitalizations. For the intensive case management, the results favored this intervention in the outcomes: medium term readmissions, social functioning and satisfaction with services. The crisis resolution teams was associated with better outcomes on outcomes of readmissions, social functioning and service satisfaction in comparison with standard care. CONCLUSION: The use of different modalities of care leads to the need of a comprehensive approach to patients to reduce the overall disability associated with the disease. Evidence shows overall benefit for most outcomes studied without encountering hazards for health of patients. This evaluation is recommended to use the professional ways of providing health services that are community-based and have a multidisciplinary group. It is not recommended the modality "day hospital" during the acute phase of schizophrenia in adults.