Prognostic performance of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio for mortality in patients with acute stroke / Rendimiento pronóstico de la razón neutrófilos/linfocitos y la razón plaquetas/linfocitos para la mortalidad en pacientes con ictus agudo

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic performance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for mortality in patients with acute stroke treated at a Peruvian hospital. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Patients: Patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of acute stroke and admitted to the hospital from May 2019 to June 2021. Interventions: None. Main variables of interests: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and mortality. Results: A total of 165 patients were included. The mean age was 66.1±14.2 years, and 59.4% were male. Only NLR had a performance superior to 0.7 (AUC: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.65–0.85), and its elevated levels were associated with an increased risk of mortality (aRR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.77–8.85) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has an acceptable prognostic performance for mortality in patients with acute stroke. Its use may be considered to stratify patients’ risk and to consider timely alternative care and management.(AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño pronóstico de la relación neutrófilos-linfocitos (NLR) y la relación plaquetas-linfocitos (PLR) para la mortalidad en pacientes con stroke agudo tratados en un hospital peruano. Diseño: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Ámbito: Hospital de atención terciaria. Participantes: Pacientes ≥18 años con diagnóstico de stroke agudo e ingresados en el hospital entre mayo de 2019 y junio de 2021. Intervenciones: Ninguna. Variables de interés principales: Razón neutrófilos/linfocitos, razón plaquetas/linfocitos y mortalidad. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 165 pacientes. La edad media fue de 66,1±14,2 años, y el 59,4% eran varones. Sólo el NLR tuvo un rendimiento superior a 0,7 (AUC: 0,75; IC95%: 0,65-0,85), y sus niveles elevados se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad (RRa: 3,66; IC95%: 1,77-8,85) tras ajustar por factores de confusión. Conclusiones: La razón neutrófilos/linfocitos tiene un rendimiento pronóstico aceptable para la mortalidad en pacientes con stroke. Su uso puede ser considerado para estratificar el riesgo de los pacientes y considerar oportunamente cuidados y manejo alternativos.(AU)

Prognostic performance of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio for mortality in patients with acute stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic performance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for mortality in patients with acute stroke treated at a Peruvian hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS: Patients aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of acute stroke and admitted to the hospital from May 2019 to June 2021. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTERESTS: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 165 patients were included. The mean age was 66.1±14.2 years, and 59.4% were male. Only NLR had a performance superior to 0.7 (AUC: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.65-0.85), and its elevated levels were associated with an increased risk of mortality (aRR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.77-8.85) after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSION: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has an acceptable prognostic performance for mortality in patients with acute stroke. Its use may be considered to stratify patients' risk and to consider timely alternative care and management.

Famotidina en el tratamiento de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Famotidine in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Systematic review and meta-analysis

Introducción: El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), de alta morbimortalidad, carece a la fecha de preparar esta revisión, de una terapia específica altamente eficaz. Famotidina se ha postulado como una opción terapéutica viable, basado en trabajos de cohorte retrospectiva y modelos computacionales guiados por inteligencia artificial. Objetivo: Recopilar la mejor evidencia científica disponible para determinar la efectividad y eficacia de famotidina en el tratamiento de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, para reducir el riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad, intubación, muerte y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science y Cochrane Central, de artículos originales que reporten las variables de interés asociadas al uso de famotidina en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID- 19. Los investigadores independientemente evaluaron y seleccionaron los estudios, se extrajeron los datos expuestos para las asociaciones de interés y se procesaron con el software Revman 5.3. Resultados: En la búsqueda se obtuvo un total de 126 artículos potenciales para la revisión, de los cuales 14 fueron seleccionados para el análisis. En el metaanálisis se incluyeron un total de 47.044 pacientes, de los cuales 6.647 fueron los usuarios de famotidina. El riesgo de intubación se vio reducido en el grupo no expuesto a famotidina, aunque sin significancia estadística, (RR 1,43 IC95% 0,42-4,83), en cuanto a la mortalidad no se evidenció reducción significativa en el grupo de famotidina (RR 0,95 IC 95% 0,70-1,29). Se observó reducción en el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria (DM -1,60 -2,89, -0,31) y finalmente se mostró que no hay presencia de asociación entre el uso de famotidina y el desenlace compuesto de reducción del riesgo de ingreso a UCI, intubación y muerte (RR 1,03 IC 95% 0,46-2,34). Conclusión: Famotidina no presenta efectividad ni eficacia en la reducción de riesgo de intubación o ingreso a UCI ni de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. La eficacia en la reducción de la estancia hospitalaria no es consistente y se necesitan más ensayos clínicos con buena calidad metodológica para definirla.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with high morbidity and mortality, lacks, at the time of preparing this review, a highly effective specific therapy. Famotidine has been postulated as a viable therapeutic option, based on retrospective cohort investigations and computational models guided by artificial intelligence. Aim: The objective of this study was to compile the best scientific evidence available to determine the effectiveness and efficacy of famotidine in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, to reduce the risk of disease progression, intubation, death, and time to hospital stay. Methods: A search was carried out in PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Central Cochrane, for original articles that report the variables of interest associated with the use of famotidine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The investigators independently evaluated and selected the studies, the exposed data for the associations of interest were extracted and processed with Revman 5.3 software. Results: The search yielded a total of 126 potential articles for the review, of which 14 were selected for analysis. A total of 47,044 patients were included in the meta-analysis of which 6,647 were famotidine users. The risk of intubation was reduced in the group not exposed to famotidine, although without statistical significance (RR 1.43 IC95% 0.42 - 4.83), regarding mortality there was no significant reduction in the famotidine group (RR 0.95 IC 95 % 0.70-1.29). A reduction in the length of hospital stay was observed (MD -1.60 -2.89, -0.31) and finally it was shown that there is no association between the use of famotidine and the composite outcome of reduced risk of ICU admission, intubation and death. (RR 1.03 95% CI 0.46-2.34). Conclusion: Famotidine does not show effectiveness or efficacy in reducing the risk of intubation or ICU admission or mortality in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The efficacy in reducing hospital stay is not consistent and more clinical trials with good methodological quality are needed to define it.

Early vs. Standard Loop Ileostomy Closure: An Unmatched Case-Control Study / Cierre Temprano vs Estándar de Ileostomía en Asa. Estudio de Casos y Controles no Emparejado

SUMMARY: Early closure of a loop ileostomy (ECI) is a relatively new practice, for which there is insufficient evidence regarding its effectiveness in relation to closure at conventional times. The aim of this study was to report postoperative complications (POC) and hospital mortality in patients with loop ileostomy (LI) who underwent ECI, compared with patients with LI who underwent late closure. Un- matched case-control study. Patients with LI who underwent surgery at Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco (2010-2022) were included. Cases were defined as patients with LI who underwent early closure and controls as subjects who underwent closure at the usual times. No matching was performed, but a 1:1 relationship between cases and controls was considered. Outcome variables were postoperative complications and hospital mortality. Other variables of interest were surgical time and hospital stay. Descriptive statistics were applied with calculation of proportions and measures of central tendency. Subsequently, t-test and Pearson Chi2 for comparison of averages and proportions was applied, and odds ratios and their respective 95 % CI were calculated. In this study 39 patients with AI were operated on (18 cases and 21 controls). Age and BMI average of the studied subjects was 71.3±7.1 years and 27.3±19.8 kg/m2 respectively. Mean LI closure time, surgical time, and hospitalization were: 10.0±0.7 months; 62.5±10.6min; 3.8±0.1 days respectively. POC were only surgical site infections. Three in cases (16.7 %) and 3 in controls (14.3 %). No anastomotic dehiscence or hospital mortality was observed in either cases or controls. There were no differences in comorbidities or surgical site infection between cases and controls (OR of 0.6 and 1.2 respectively) In this experience, the results of performing the CTI were similar to the late closing in relation to the variables studied.

El cierre temprano de una ileostomía en asa (IA), es una práctica relativamente nueva, sobre la que no hay suficiente evidencia respecto de su efectividad en relación con el cierre en tiempos convencionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar diferencias en la tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias (CPO) y de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre temprano comparados con pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre tardío. Estudio de casos y controles sin emparejamiento. Se incluyeron pacientes con IA que fueron sometidos a cirugía en la Clínica RedSalud Mayor Temuco (2010-2022). Los casos se definieron como pacientes con IA sometidos a cierre temprano y los controles como sujetos con IA sometidos a cierre en tiempos habituales. No se realizó emparejamiento. Se consideró una relación 1:1 entre casos y controles. Las variables de resultado fueron CPO y mortalidad hospitalaria. Otras variables de interés fueron: tiempo quirúrgico y hospitalización. Se aplicó estadísticas descriptivas (cálculo de proporciones y medidas de tendencia central). Posteriormente, se aplicó prueba t-test y Chi2 para comparación de promedios y proporciones; y se calcularon odds ratios e intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Se operaron 39 pacientes con IA (18 casos y 21 controles). El promedio de edad e IMC fue 71,3±7,1 años y 27,3±19,8 kg/m2, respectivamente. El tiempo promedio de cierre de IA, tiempo quirúrgico y hospitalización fueron: 10,0±0,7 meses; 62,5±10,6 minutos; 3,8±0,1 días, respectivamente. Las CPO fueron infecciones del sitio quirúrgico (3 casos; 16,7 % y 3 controles; 14,3 %). No se observó dehiscencia anastomótica ni mortalidad hospitalaria en casos ni controles. No hubo diferencias en comorbilidades ni en infecciones del sitio quirúrgico entre casos y controles (OR de 0,6 y 1,2, respectivamente). No se evidenciaron diferencias entre realizar cierre temprano o tardío de IA, respecto de las variables CPO y de mortalidad hospitalaria.

Frequency-based rare diagnoses as a novel and accessible approach for studying rare diseases in large datasets: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Up to 8% of the general population have a rare disease, however, for lack of ICD-10 codes for many rare diseases, this population cannot be generically identified in large medical datasets. We aimed to explore frequency-based rare diagnoses (FB-RDx) as a novel method exploring rare diseases by comparing characteristics and outcomes of inpatient populations with FB-RDx to those with rare diseases based on a previously published reference list. METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, nationwide, multicenter study including 830,114 adult inpatients. We used the national inpatient cohort dataset of the year 2018 provided by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office, which routinely collects data from all inpatients treated in any Swiss hospital. Exposure: FB-RDx, according to 10% of inpatients with the least frequent diagnoses (i.e.1.decile) vs. those with more frequent diagnoses (deciles 2-10). Results were compared to patients having 1 of 628 ICD-10 coded rare diseases. PRIMARY OUTCOME: In-hospital death. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: 30-day readmission, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay, and ICU length of stay. Multivariable regression analyzed associations of FB-RDx and rare diseases with these outcomes. RESULTS: 464,968 (56%) of patients were female, median age was 59 years (IQR: 40-74). Compared with patients in deciles 2-10, patients in the 1. were at increased risk of in-hospital death (OR 1.44; 95% CI: 1.38, 1.50), 30-day readmission (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.25, 1.34), ICU admission (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.46, 1.54), increased length of stay (Exp(B) 1.03; 95% CI 1.03, 1.04) and ICU length of stay (1.15; 95% CI 1.12, 1.18). ICD-10 based rare diseases groups showed similar results: in-hospital death (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.75, 1.89), 30-day readmission (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.32, 1.42), ICU admission (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.36, 1.44) and increased length of stay (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.07, 1.08) and ICU length of stay (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.16, 1.22). CONCLUSION(S): This study suggests that FB-RDx may not only act as a surrogate for rare diseases but may also help to identify patients with rare disease more comprehensively. FB-RDx associate with in-hospital death, 30-day readmission, intensive care unit admission, and increased length of stay and intensive care unit length of stay, as has been reported for rare diseases.

Placenta previa: risk factors and impact on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Bogotá, Colombia / Placenta previa: factores de riesgo e impacto en la morbimortalidad materno-perinatal en Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Placenta previa can cause bleeding during the second half of pregnancy and may compromise the health of both the mother and the fetus. Knowing the associated risk factors allows for the early identification of pregnant women at high risk of placenta previa. Objective: To describe the risk factors for placenta previa in a sample of pregnant women treated in Bogotá D.C., Colombia, as well as their maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: Retrospective descriptive study. 17 pregnant women diagnosed with placenta previa and admitted to the High Obstetric Risk Unit of a tertiary care hospital between 2013 and 2017 were included. Medical records were reviewed to collect data on risk factors for placenta previa and clinical and sociodemo-graphic characteristics. In the descriptive analysis, means and standard deviations and absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Results: The most frequent risk factors were >4 pregnancies (64.70%), maternal age >35 years (29.41%), and history of miscarriage (29.41%). Maternal morbidity was higher than fetal morbidity: three patients required transfusion of blood products, and another underwent a subtotal hysterectomy, while no perinatal complications were reported, with the exception of one stillbirth. Conclusions: A history of miscarriage, >4 pregnancies, and maternal age >35 years were the most frequent risk factors. Furthermore, the degree of maternal-perinatal complications did not depend on the type of placenta previa. Knowing which pregnant women are at higher risk of placenta previa as a result of the early identification of these risk factors allows for a better clinical approach, reducing morbidity and mortality rates in both the mother and the child.

Resumen Introducción. La placenta previa puede causar hemorragias en la segunda mitad del embarazo que pueden llegar a comprometer la salud materno-perinatal. Conocer los factores de riesgo asociados permite identificar tempranamente gestantes con alto riesgo de placenta previa. Objetivo. Describir los factores de riesgo de placenta previa en una muestra de gestantes atendidas en Bogotá D.C., Colombia, así como su impacto en la morbimortalidad materno -perinatal. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 17 gestantes diagnosticadas con placenta previa que ingresaron entre 2013 y 2017 a la Unidad de Alto Riesgo Obstétrico de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se revisaron las historias clínicas para recolectar datos sobre factores de riesgo y características clínicas y sociodemográficas. En el análisis descriptivo, para las variables cuantitativas se calcularon medias y desviaciones estándar y para las cualitativas, frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron haber tenido >4 embarazos (64.70%), edad materna >35 años (29.41%) y aborto previo (29.41%). La morbilidad materna fue mayor que la fetal: 3 pacientes requirieron transfusión de hemoderivados y en otra fue necesario realizar histerectomía subtotal, mientras que no se reportaron complicaciones perinatales, a excepción de un mortinato. Conclusiones. Haber tenido >4 embarazos, tener una edad materna >35 años y el antecedente de aborto fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes; además, el grado de las complicaciones materno-perinatales fue independiente del tipo de placenta previa. Saber cuáles son las gestantes con mayor riesgo de presentar esta condición mediante la identificación temprana de estos factores permite brindarles un mejor abordaje clínico, lo que permitirá disminuir la morbimortalidad del binomio madre-hijo.

Clinical usefulness of cancer antigen 125 biomarker for diagnosing tuberculosis: experience in Cali, Colombia / Utilidad del biomarcador antigeno del cáncer 125 para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis: experiencia en Cali, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Diagnosing extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a challenge for physicians. It has been suggested that cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), which is produced by mesothelial cells, may be an EPTB diagnostic biomarker. Objective: To describe serum CA-125 levels behavior in patients with TB treated in a referral university hospital located in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 TB patients treated at Fundación Valle del Lili between 2007 and 2016 with CA-125 measurements (U/mL) made before TB treatment was started. Cases were classified as pulmonary TB (PTB) (n=33) or EPTB (n=66). A bivariate analysis was performed to compare the variables of interest (sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory findings data) between EPTB and PTB groups, and to determine differences between patients with CA-125 positive results and those with negative results in relation to mortality. Results: Elevated CA-125 levels were reported in 55 patients (55.56%), and positive CA-125 results (>35 U/mL) were more frequent in the EPTB group (59.09% vs. 48.48%). In the EPTB group, results were positive in tuberculous serositis cases (100% pericardial TB, 68.42% peritoneal TB, and 66.66% pleural TB), and in 66.66% of miliary TB and spinal TB cases, respectively. Also, 15 TB infection-related deaths were reported in the follow-up period (n=66), of which 13 had a CA-125 positive result, finding a significant difference with those with negative results (p=0.021); however, 47.05% of the surviving patients also had a positive result. Conclusions: Most of tuberculous serositis, miliary TB, and spinal TB cases showed elevated CA-125 levels before starting TB treatment. Therefore, CA-125 may be useful for prognostic purposes in these patients.

Resumen Introducción. El diagnóstico de la tuberculosis extrapulmonar (TBEP) es un reto para los médicos. Se ha sugerido que el antígeno del cáncer 125 (CA-125), producido por las células mesoteliales, puede ser un biomarcador diagnóstico de TBEP. Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de los niveles séricos del CA-125 en pacientes con tuberculosis (TB) atendidos en un hospital de referencia de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 99 pacientes con TB y mediciones de CA-125 (U/mL) antes de iniciar tratamiento para TB atendidos en la Fundación Valle del Lili entre 2007 y 2016. Los casos se clasificaron como TB pulmonar (TBP) (n=33) o TBEP (n=66). Se realizó un análisis bivariado para comparar las variables de interés (datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de laboratorio) entre los grupos TBEP y TBP, y para determinar diferencias entre pacientes con resultados positivos y negativos para CA-125 en relación con la mortalidad. Resultados. Se reportaron niveles elevados de CA-125 en 55 pacientes (55.56%). Los resultados positivos para CA-125 (>35 U/mL) fueron más frecuentes en el grupo TBEP (59.0% vs. 48.48%). En el grupo TBEP se encontraron resultados positivos en los casos de serositis tuberculosa (100% TB pericárdica, 68.42% TB peritoneal y 66.66% TB pleural), y en 66.66% de los casos de TB miliar y vertebral, respectivamente. Además, se reportaron 15 muertes relacionadas con la infección por TB en el período de seguimiento (n=66), de las cuales 13 tuvieron un resultado positivo para CA-125, encontrando una diferencia significativa con aquellas con resultados negativos (p=0.021); sin embargo, el 47.05% de los pacientes supervivientes también tuvo un resultado positivo. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los casos de serositis tuberculosa, TB miliar y vertebral tuvieron niveles elevados de CA-125 antes de iniciar el tratamiento de la TB. El CA-125 puede resultar útil para fines de pronóstico en estos pacientes.

Rebleeding in peptic ulcer bleeding - a nationwide cohort study of 19,537 patients.

BACKGROUND: Rebleeding is a frequent complication of peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). The associated prognosis remains rather unclear because previous studies generally also included non-ulcer lesions. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify predictors for rebleeding; clarify the prognostic consequence of rebleeding; and develop a score for predicting rebleeding. METHODS: Nationwide cohort study of consecutive patients presenting to hospital with PUB in Denmark from 2006-2014. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors for rebleeding, evaluate the association between rebleeding and 30-day mortality, and develop a score to predict rebleeding. Patients with persistent bleeding were excluded. RESULTS: Among 19,258 patients (mean age 74 years, mean ASA-score 2.4), 10.8% rebled, and 10.2% died. Strongest predictors for rebleeding were endoscopic high-risk stigmata of bleeding (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.12 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.91-2.36]), bleeding from duodenal ulcers (OR: 1.87 [95% CI: 1.69-2.08]), and presentation with hemodynamic instability (OR: 1.55 [95% CI: 1.38-1.73]). Among patients with all three factors (7.9% of total), 24% rebled, 50% with rebleeding failed endoscopic therapy, and 23% died. Rebleeding was associated with increased mortality (OR: 2.04 [95% CI: 1.78-2.32]). We were unable to develop an accurate score to predict rebleeding. CONCLUSION: Rebleeding occurs in ∼10% of patients with PUB and is overall associated with a two-fold increase in 30-day mortality. Patients with hemodynamic instability, duodenal ulcers, and high-risk endoscopic stigmata are at highest risk of rebleeding. When rebleeding occurs in such patients, consultation with surgery and/or interventional radiology should be obtained prior to repeat endoscopy.

Deaths, infections, and herd immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study of the strategies for disease containment implemented in Peru and the United Kingdom / Muertes, infecciones e inmunidad de rebaño en la pandemia por COVID-19: un estudio comparativo de las estrategias de control de la pandemia implementadas en Perú y Reino Unido

Abstract Introduction: In light of the threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have implemented several containment and prevention measures to slow down the rapid spread of the disease. Objectives: To compare the COVID-19 pandemic containment strategies implemented in Peru [World Health Organization (WHO) - confinement and social distancing] and the United Kingdom [herd immunity (HI)] in terms of morbidity and mortality, and to simulate the implementation of HI in Peru during the initial stage of the pandemic. Materials and methods: Exploratory study with a simulation model based on official data obtained from both countries at the beginning of the pandemic. Mortality, case fatality, and infection rates documented within the first 55 days after the first COVID-19 case report in the United Kingdom and the start of the WHO-recommended containment and prevention strategy implementation in Peru were evaluated. Additionally, the impact of applying HI, according to WHO guidelines, as the initial strategy in Peru was simulated. The Paired-samples t-test was used to determine the differences between the two strategies at both stages of the study. Results: During the follow-up period, 15 034 and 33 931 COVID-19 cases were reported in the United Kingdom and Peru, respectively. The case fatality rate was higher in the United Kingdom (7.82% vs. 2.74%), while the cumulative mortality rate was higher in Peru (2.89 vs. 1.74x100 000 inhabitants p= 0.0001). Regarding the simulation, a minimum critical population of 60% (>19 million positive cases) was established for Peru to achieve HI, with 1 223 473.1 deaths and a hospitalization rate of 44 770x100 000 patients. Conclusions: During the follow-up period (55 days), the United Kingdom's strategy resulted in a higher case fatality rate, while the Peruvian strategy in over twice as many COVID-19 cases. The HI simulation strategy in Peru showed a sharp increase in all unfavorable indicators of the pandemic.

Resumen Introducción. Ante la amenaza de la pandemia por COVID-19, la mayoría de los países han establecido diversas medidas de control y prevención para disminuir la rápida propagación de esta enfermedad. Objetivos. Comparar las estrategias de control de la pandemia por COVID-19 implementadas en Perú (de confinamiento y distanciamiento social de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)) y Reino Unido (de inmunidad de rebaño (IR)) en términos de morbimortalidad, y simular la implementación de la IR en Perú durante la etapa inicial de la pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio exploratorio con un modelo de simulación basado en datos oficiales de ambos países registrados al inicio de la pandemia. Se evaluaron las tasas de mortalidad, letalidad e infección en Reino Unido (IR) y Perú (confinamiento y distanciamiento social) dentro de los 55 días posteriores al reporte del primer caso de COVID-19 en Reino Unido y al inicio de la implementación de la estrategia de control y prevención recomendada por la OMS en Perú. Además, se simuló el impacto de haber aplicado la IR, según pautas de la OMS, como estrategia inicial en Perú. Se utilizó la prueba t-Student para muestras relacionadas para determinar las diferencias entre ambas estrategias en las dos etapas del estudio. Resultados. En el periodo de seguimiento se registraron 15 034 y 33 931 casos de COVID-19 en Reino Unido y Perú, respectivamente. La tasa de letalidad fue mayor para Reino Unido (7.82% vs. 2.74%), y la tasa de mortalidad acumulada fue mayor en Perú (2.89 vs. 1.74x100 000 habitantes; p=0.0001). Respecto a la simulación, se estableció una población crítica mínima de 60% (>19 millones de casos positivos) para que Perú logre la IR, con 1 223 473.1 muertes y una tasa de hospitalización de 44 770x100 000 pacientes. Conclusiones. Durante el periodo de seguimiento (55 días), la estrategia de Reino Unido resultó en una mayor letalidad y la peruana, en más del doble de casos de COVID-19. La simulación de la IR en Perú mostró un dramático incremento de todos los indicadores desfavorables de la pandemia.

Patient-reported outcomes, sociodemographic and clinical factors are associated with 1-year mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease-findings from the DenHeart cohort study.

PURPOSE: In patients with ischemic heart disease, the objectives were (1) to explore associations between patient-reported outcomes, sociodemographic, and clinical factors at discharge and 1-year all-cause mortality and (2) to investigate the discriminant predictive performance of the applied patient-reported outcome instruments on 1-year all-cause mortality. METHODS: Data from the Danish national DenHeart cohort study were used. Eligible patients (n = 13,476) were invited to complete a questionnaire-package, of which 7167 (53%) responded. Questionnaires included the 12-item Short form health survey (SF-12), Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), EQ-5D, HeartQoL, Edmonton symptom assessment scale (ESAS), and ancillary questions on, e.g., social support. Clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained from registers, as were data on mortality. Comparative analyses were used to investigate differences in patient-reported outcomes. Mortality associations were explored using multifactorially adjusted Cox regression analyses. Predictive performance was analyzed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). RESULTS: Patient-reported outcomes at discharge differed among those alive versus those deceased at one year, e.g., depression (HADS-Depression ≥ 8) 19% vs. 44% (p < 0.001). Associations with 1-year mortality included feeling unsafe about returning home from the hospital; hazard ratio (HR) 2.07 (95% CI 1.2-3.61); high comorbidity level, HR 3.6 (95% CI 2.7-4.8); and being unmarried, HR 1.60 (95% CI 1.33-1.93). Best predictive performance was observed for SF-12 physical component summary (Area under the curve (AUC) 0.706). CONCLUSION: Patient-reported health, sociodemographic, and clinical factors are associated with 1-year mortality. We propose systematic screening with robust predictive tools to identify patients at risk and healthcare initiatives to explore and offer effective treatment to modify patient-reported health indicators.

Mortalidad por enfermedades cerebrovasculars en Colombia: 30 años de observación / Cerebrovascular diseases mortality in Colombia: 30 years of observation

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Determinar el comportamiento de las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades cerebrovasculares en Colombia durante el período 1985 a 2014. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se consolidaron las defunciones no fetales de las bases de datos de mortalidad del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) de 1985 a 2014, con los códigos de causa básica: 160-167, 169 (CIE-10) y 430-434, 436-438 (CIE-9). Se calcularon las tasas nacionales, regionales y departamentales (lugar de residencia), utilizando la población del periodo por grupos quinquenales de edad en cada uno de los seis quinquenios de 1985 a 2014. Las tasas fueron ajustadas por edad por el método directo. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos en el análisis 374.713 fallecidos. Las tasas estandarizadas por edad de mortalidad por 100.000 pasaron de 40,62 en 1985 a 1989, a 26,29 en 2010 a 2014. A medida que la edad avanza las tasas son mayores; las mayores tasas se encontraron en las regiones Andina y Pacífica con valores de 25,59 y 28,65 respectivamente, en 2010 a 2014. Por departamentos se encontraron tasas superiores a las nacionales en Antioquia, Atlántico, Bogotá, Caldas, Huila, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Valle del Cauca y San Andrés y Providencia. CONCLUSIONES: Colombia sigue un patrón similar al de los países de altos ingresos, ya que, la tendencia de la mortalidad es a la disminución. Se encontraron tasas similares a otros estudios realizados en el país y otros lugares del mundo.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To determine the behavior of cerebrovascular mortality rates in Colombia during the period 1985 to 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mortality information was consolidated from the non-fetal deaths of the mortality databases of the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) from 1985 to 2014. With the basic cause codes: 160-167, 169 (ICD-10) and 430-434, 436-438 (ICD-9. National, regional and department (residence place) rates were calculated, using the population for the period quinquennial groups from 1985 to 2014. The mortality rates were adjusted for the age by the direct method. RESULTS: 374,713 deaths were included in the analysis. The age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 went from 40.62 in 1985 to 1989 to 26.29 in 2010 to 2014. As age advances, the rates are higher; the highest rates were found in the Andina and Pacifica regions with values of 25.59 and 28.65 respectively, in 2010 to 2014. Findings by departments show that rates are higher than the national in Antioquia, Atlântico, Bogotá, Caldas, Huila, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Valle del Cauca, and San Andrés y Providencia. CONCLUSIONS: Colombia follows a similar pattern of the high-income countries, because the mortality trend is downward. Similar rates were found to other studies conducted in the country and other places in the world.

Just a bad flu? Tackling the "infodemic" in Ireland through a comparative analysis of hospitalised cases of COVID-19 and influenza.

OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 infection has been compared to seasonal influenza as an argument against non-pharmacological population-based infection control measures known as "lockdowns". Our study sought to compare disease severity measures for patients in Ireland hospitalised with COVID-19 against those hospitalised with seasonal influenza. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective population-based cohort study. METHODS: COVID-19 hospital episodes and seasonal influenza hospital episodes were identified using relevant International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes from the Irish national hospitalisation dataset. The occurrences of key metrics of disease severity, length of stay, intensive care admission, ventilatory support, haemodialysis and in-hospital mortality were measured and compared between the two groups using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), stratified by age. RESULTS: Hospitalised COVID-19 episodes had a mean length of stay more than twice as long as hospitalised influenza episodes (17.7 days vs 8.3 days). The likelihood of all measures of disease severity was greater in COVID-19 episodes, and the odds of in-hospital mortality were five-fold higher in this group compared with seasonal influenza episodes (OR 5.07, 95% CI 4.29-5.99, P < 0.001). Greater likelihood of increased disease severity was observed for COVID-19 episodes in most age groups. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is a more severe illness than seasonal influenza in hospitalised cohorts. It is imperative that public health professionals ensure that evidence-based advocacy is part of the response to COVID-19 to tackle a dangerous "infodemic" that can undermine public health control measures.

Cumulative incidence of lethal congenital anomalies in Peru / Incidencia acumulada de anomalías fetales incompatibles con la vida en Perú

Abstract Introduction: Lethal congenital anomalies (LCA) are anomalies associated with early stillbirth or newborn death. Currently, there are no data on the incidence of LCAs in Peru. Objectives: To estimate the cumulative incidence of LCAs in Peru, the Department of Lima, and six hospitals located in the city of Lima (Peru), and to describe the characteristics of LCA cases reported between 2012 and 2016 at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP), located in Lima, Perú. Materials and methods: Cumulative incidence of LCAs in Peru was determined based on the cases reported in a five-year period, which varied depending on data accessibility (20112015 and 2012-2016). In addition, the medical records of neonates with LCA registered at INMP were reviewed to identify the characteristics of these cases. Results: Cumulative incidence of LCAs in Peru was 0.89 cases per 10 000 newborns, while at INMP it was 7.19 cases. Out of 48 newborns with LCAs treated at INMP during the study period, 54.2% were born with neonatal depression, and 83.3% died during their hospital stay. Conclusion: Cumulative incidences of LCAs reported here (Lima, Department of Lima, and Peru) were lower than those described by international epidemiological surveillance systems, which might be caused due to shortcomings related to the registration of these cases in the health institutions and records analyzed here.

Resumen Introducción. Las anomalías fetales incompatibles con la vida (AFIV) son aquellas que se asocian con la muerte temprana del feto o del recién nacido. En la actualidad, se desconoce la magnitud de este problema en Perú. Objetivos. Estimar la incidencia acumulada de AFIV en Perú, en el departamento de Lima y en seis hospitales de la ciudad de Lima, y describir las características de este tipo de anomalías reportadas entre 2012 y 2016 en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (INMP) de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se determinó la incidencia acumulada de las AFIV reportadas en un período de cinco años en Perú, el cual varió dependiendo de la disponibilidad de los datos (2011-2015 y 2012-2016). Además, se revisaron las historias clínicas de los neonatos con AFIV registradas en el INMP para obtener sus características. Resultados. La incidencia acumulada de AFIV en todo el Perú fue de 0.89 por cada 10 000 recién nacidos y en el INMP fue 7.19. De los 48 recién nacidos con AFIV atendidos en el INMP, 54.2% nacieron con depresión neonatal y 83.3% fallecieron en el hospital. Conclusión. Las incidencias acumuladas de AFIV encontradas fueron menores a las reportadas por los sistemas internacionales de vigilancia epidemiológica, lo que podría deberse a falencias en su registro en las instituciones de salud y registros analizados.

Unchanged mortality in patients with acute cholangitis despite an increase in malignant etiologies - a 25-year epidemiological study.

Background and aims: Acute cholangitis (AC) is a rare but serious condition, with an incidence of 7.0 per 10,000 people and mortality rates up to 10%. The aim of this study was to describe changes in obstruction etiology, comorbidities, clinical factors, and mortality among AC patients during a 25-year period. Methods: Using a database of 11,563 consecutive ERCP-procedures performed from 1990-2015 at Odense University Hospital, we identified all AC cases during that period. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from the database and the Danish Patient Registry. Association with 30-day mortality was investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors. Results: In total, 775 consecutive and individual cases of AC were included. Among cases, 42% (n = 326) were of malignant etiology, with an increasing incidence over time (regression coefficient [95% CI]: 0.03 [0.01-0.04] per year; p = .01). Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 1.4, with an increase over time (regression coefficient [95% CI]: 0.04 [0.03-0.05] per year; p < .01). Malignant obstruction etiology was associated with 30-day mortality (OR [95% CI]: 1.11 [1.04-1.18]; p < .01). Overall 30-day mortality was 12% (n = 91). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant changes in 30-day mortality were observed over time (OR [95% CI]: 1 [1-1.00]; p = .91 per year). Conclusion: Significant increases in the incidence of malignant obstruction etiology and severity of comorbidities among AC patients were observed during the study period. Despite those findings, 30-day mortality remained unchanged, potentially reflecting a general improvement in the management of AC.

Caracterización de pacientes con demencia avanzada hospitalizados por el servicio de geriatría en un hospital de alta complejidad / Characterization of patients with advanced dementia hospitalized in the geriatric unit in a high complexity hospital

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar las características clínicas, funcionales, nutricionales y sociales de pacientes con demencia avanzada (DA), hospitalizados a cargo del servicio de geriatría del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) y su relación con desenlaces hospitalarios, comparando con demencia no avanzada. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados por el servicio de geriatría del HUSI, con revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas en el perioro de tiempo entre enero del 2016 y diciembre del 2017. La variable dependiente fue DA. Se realizó análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. RESULTADOS: De 1091 pacientes con demencia, 606 tenían diagnóstico de DA. La mediana de edad fue de 86 años y la prevalencia de mujeres fue mayor (57,3 %). En los sujetos con DA, comparados con el grupo de demencia, se encontró mayor porcentaje de malnutrición (91,1 %), úlceras por presión (26,2 %), delirium (67,2 %%), polifarmacia (68,3 %%), estancia hospitalaria (5 días), complicaciones (10,6 %%) y mortalidad (16,9 %%). Se encontró una mayor asociación de malnutrición con DA (OR = 2,80, IC = 1,94-4,06, p < 0,00), así mismo con polifarmacia (OR = 1,41, IC = 1,07-1,86, p = 0,012), delirium (OR = 2,24, IC = 1,72-2,92, p < 0,00), úlceras por presión (OR = 3,75, IC = 2,45-5,73, p < 0,00) y mortalidad (OR = 2,21, IC = 1,42-3,44, p < 0,00). DISCUSIÓN: La avanzada edad de nuestros pacientes puede ser determinante en el alto porcentaje de demencia encontrada. La DA condiciona a mayor compromiso en el curso de diferentes desenlaces hospitalarios como malnutrición, polifarmacia, delirium, úlceras y mortalidad. Lo anterior hace necesaria una valoración geriátrica integral del paciente anciano con demencia para mejorar el curso clínico de la hospitalización.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the clinical characteristics, functionality, nutritional, and social aspects in patients with Advance Dementia (AD), and to hospitalized in the geriatric unit in the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) and it how it is related with hospital outcomes, compare with no advanced dementia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conduct, in patient hospitalized in the geriatric unit in the HUSI, with a retrospective review of electronic medical charts from January of 2016 to December 2017. The dependent variable was AD, a univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was made. RESULTS: 1091 patients had dementia, 606 with AD, the median age was 86 years and the women prevalence were (57.3 %) higher than men. In the AD group, compared with those with dementia, had high percentage of malnutrition (91.1 %%), pressure ulcers (26.2 %%), delirium (67.2 %%), polypharmacy (68.3 %%), longer hospital admission (median of 5 days vs 4 days), medical complication (10.6 %%), and mortality (16.9 %%). We found a higher association with malnutrition with AD (OR = 2.80, CI = 1.94-4.06, p < 0.00), polypharmacy (OR = 1.41, CI = 1.07-1.86, p = 0.012), delirium (OR = 2.24, CI = 1.72-2.92, p < 0.00), pressure ulcers (OR = 3.75, CI = 2.455.73, p < 0.00) and mortality (OR = 2.21,CI = 1.42-3.44, p < 0.00). DISCUSSION: The advance aged in our patients, might be a determinant in the high percentage of dementia that we found. AD is an entity that predispose to higher clinical outcomes as malnutrition, polypharmacy, delirium, pressure ulcers and mortality. As previously shown there is a need for a comprenhensive geriatric assessment in elderly with dementia, to improve hospital outcomes.

Epidemiología mundial, latinoamericana y colombiana y mortalidad del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) / Global, Latin-American and Colombian epidemiology and mortality by obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)

Resumen El síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es un trastorno frecuente asociado con secuelas cardiovasculares y neuropsicológicas severas que repercuten en altos costos socioeconómicos para la población. Con anterioridad se estimaba una prevalencia aproximada del 3% al 7% en hombres y del 2% al 5% en mujeres (40-60 años para ambos sexos); sin embargo, en las últimas dos décadas aumentó a 10% en hombres de 30 a 49 años, a 17% en hombres de 50 a 70, a 3% en mujeres de 30 a 49 y a 9% en mujeres de 50 a 70. Se calcula que el 20% de adultos de edad media tiene al menos SAHOS leve y el 80% de los casos permanecen sin diagnosticar, de allí la importancia de sospechar el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. En Colombia se realizó un estudio con la metodología ómnibus que mostró que la prevalencia global de alto riesgo de apnea del sueño, según el Cuestionario Berlín, fue del 19% en tres ciudades -Bogotá D.C., Bucaramanga y Santa Marta- (IC95%: 17.3; 20.8%). Con la escala STOP-Bang, la prevalencia global de alto riesgo de SAHOS fue de 26.9% (IC95%: 24.9; 29%).

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a frequent disorder associated with severe cardiovascular and neuropsychological sequelae, which has a high socioeconomic cost to the population. In the past, an average prevalence of 3% to 7% in men and 2% to 5% in women (40-60 years for both sexes) was estimated. However, in the last two decades, it increased to 10% in men aged 30 to 49 years, 17% in men aged 50 to 70, and 3% in women aged 30 to 49 and 9% in women aged 50 to 70. It is estimated that 20% of middle-aged adults have at least mild OSAHS, while 80% of cases remain undiagnosed, hence the importance of suspecting this disease. In Colombia, an omnibus survey was conducted showing that the global prevalence of high-risk sleep apnea, according to the Berlin questionnaire, was 19% in three cities -Bogotá D.C., Bucaramanga and Santa Marta- (CI95%: 17.3, 20.8%). The overall prevalence of high risk of OSAHS was 26.9% (95% CI: 24.9%, 29%) according to the STOP-Bang scale.

Mortality in patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal tumors treated with self-expandable stents / Mortalidad en pacientes con tumores de esófago y en región gastroesofágica manejados con prótesis autoexpandibles

Abstract Introduction: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease and is the eighth cause of malignant tumors worldwide. To treat dysphagia, auto expandable prosthesis (AEP) are used in order to optimize the nutritional status and quality of life of the patients. Objectives: To quantify patients' mortality and to evaluate variables related with this outcome. Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort study that involved 135 patients with esophageal malignant obstruction that required AEP insertion. Survival and incidence density rates were estimated. The effect of these variables on the probability of death was assessed by using Cox models. Results: Overall mortality rate was 13.7 deaths per 100 patients/ month (95%CI: 10.9-17.1). Univariate analysis showed significant differences in survival functions according to pre-intervention albumin levels and the prosthesis size (>12cm). In the Cox model, albumin level (HR=0.53, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.89) was the only significant result. Conclusions: AEP represent a therapeutic option to improve symptoms in patients with advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors. This technique has few complications and its clinical success is around 90%. Patients' nutritional status and length of the stenosis caused by the tumor are variables that must be evaluated before performing a procedure as they seem to be related to mortality.

Resumen Introducción. El cáncer de esófago es una entidad agresiva y la octava causa de tumores malignos en el mundo. Para manejar la disfagia se insertan prótesis esofágicas autoexpandibles (PEA) que optimizan la ingesta y permiten mejorar el estado nutricional y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivos. Cuantificar la mortalidad en los pacientes y evaluar las variables asociadas con este desenlace. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo realizado en 135 pacientes con obstrucción esofágica maligna que requirieron inserción de PEA. Se estimó la función de supervivencia, se calcularon tasas de incidencia y se evaluó el efecto de las variables descritas sobre la probabilidad de morir utilizando modelos de Cox. Resultados. La tasa de mortalidad fue de 13.7 muertes por 100 pacientes/mes (IC95%: 10.9-17.1). Los análisis univariados mostraron diferencias significativas en las funciones de supervivencia según niveles de albúmina previa y tamaño de la prótesis (>12cm). En el modelo de Cox solo resultó significativo el nivel de albúmina (HR=0.53, IC95%: 0.31-0.89). Conclusiones. Las PEA representan una alternativa de mejoría de síntomas en pacientes con tumores esofágicos en estadios avanzados. Esta técnica presenta pocas complicaciones y tiene probabilidades de éxito técnico y clínico cercanas al 90%. El estado nutricional del paciente y la longitud de la estenosis producida por el tumor son variables que deben evaluarse antes de cada procedimiento ya que parecen relacionarse con la mortalidad.

Diagnóstico y manejo precoz de la gangrena de fournerr / Early diagnosis and management of fournier´s gangrene

Aim: The aim of this study is to report the results of a series of patients diagnosed with Fournier’s gangrene underwent surgical debridement plus broad-spectrum antibiotics in the emergency department of the Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau (HBLT) between 2009 and 2013, in terms of mortality associated with the disease. Material and Methods: Between 2009 and 2013, a case series of patients with diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene treated in the Emergency Department of the Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau. The outcome variable was mortality attributed to the disease (MAD). Other variables were: age, sex, comorbidities, focus of origin, waiting time for antibiotic treatment and surgery to start, number of surgical debridement and agents isolated from cultures. Descriptive statistics were used, with calculation of measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: During the study period, 56 patients were identified with diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene (60.7 percent were male) with a mean age of 52 years (23-75 years old). The MAD was 48.2 percent. The most common comorbidity was diabetes (66.6 percent). The more prevalent focus of origin was anorectal pathology (42.9 percent). The average waiting time from diagnosis to initiation of antibiotic therapy and surgery was 40 minutes (15-80) and 580 minutes (20-4320), respectively. The required surgical debridement average was 4. Isolated on the intraoperative tissue cultures agent was E. coli (51.8 percent). Conclusion: Mortality attributable to Fournier’s gangrene is similar to that observed in the literature.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es comunicar los resultados observados en una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de gangrena de Fournier sometidos a aseo quirúrgico con debridamiento más terapia antibiótica de amplio espectro, en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau (HBLT), entre los años 2009 y 2013, en términos de mortalidad asociada a la enfermedad. Material y Método: Serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de gangrena de Fournier tratados en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau entre 2009 y 2013. La variable resultado fue mortalidad atribuida a la enfermedad (MAE). Otras variables de interés fueron: edad, sexo, patologías asociadas, foco de origen, tiempo de espera para el inicio del tratamiento antibiótico y cirugía, número de aseos y agentes aislados en los cultivos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con cálculo de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: En el período en estudio se identificaron 56 pacientes con diagnóstico de Gangrena de Fournier (60,7 por ciento eran masculinos), con un promedio de edad de 52 años (23-75 años). La MAE fue 48,2 por ciento. La patología asociada más frecuente fue la diabetes (66,6 por ciento). El foco de origen más prevalente fue la patología anorrectal (42,9 por ciento). El tiempo promedio de espera desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio de la terapia antibiótica y la cirugía fue de 40 minutos (15-80) y 580 minutos (20-4320) respectivamente. El promedio de aseos requeridos fue de 4. El agente más aislado en los cultivos de tejido intraoperatorio fue Escherichia coli (51,8 por ciento). Conclusión: La mortalidad atribuible a la Gangrena de Fournier es similar a la observada en la literatura.