Advances in preoperative imaging evaluation of extramural vascular invasion of rectal cancer / 中国医师杂志

Rectal cancer is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) is a key indicator of risk stratification for rectal cancer and an important reference factor in determining individualised treatment options, so it is important to accurately assess whether extramural vessels are infiltrated by the tumour before surgery. The main imaging methods for rectal cancer include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). This article focuses on the performance and diagnostic efficacy of these imaging methods in the diagnosis of EMVI in rectal cancer, and provides clinical reference.

Relationship between the Height of Alveolar Bone Resorption and Sex and Age in Adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age in the adolescent dentition. METHODS: Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was used to measure the height of alveolar bone resorption at labial, lingual, mesial and distal sites of teeth in 149 adolescents aged from 10 to 20 years. SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the height of alveolar bone resorption between sex (P>0.05). The height of alveolar bone resorption was positively correlated with age in all types of teeth. The model constructed by combining the alveolar bone resorption height data of four sites (y=2.569x1+3.106x2+4.108x3+1.451x4-0.082, R2max=0.756)had a better ability to infer age than that of combining two sites (y=5.942x1+4.489x2+0.612, R2max=0.706) and a single site (R2max=0.638). CONCLUSIONS: The height of alveolar bone resorption is positively correlated with the age of adolescents. The combination of four sites has a stronger ability to infer the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and age in adolescents and has higher accuracy in practical application.

Relationship between the Height of Alveolar Bone Resorption and Sex and Age in Adolescents / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age in the adolescent dentition.@*METHODS@#Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was used to measure the height of alveolar bone resorption at labial, lingual, mesial and distal sites of teeth in 149 adolescents aged from 10 to 20 years. SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the height of alveolar bone resorption between sex (P>0.05). The height of alveolar bone resorption was positively correlated with age in all types of teeth. The model constructed by combining the alveolar bone resorption height data of four sites (y=2.569x1+3.106x2+4.108x3+1.451x4-0.082, R2max=0.756)had a better ability to infer age than that of combining two sites (y=5.942x1+4.489x2+0.612, R2max=0.706) and a single site (R2max=0.638).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The height of alveolar bone resorption is positively correlated with the age of adolescents. The combination of four sites has a stronger ability to infer the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and age in adolescents and has higher accuracy in practical application.

Optimal Size Criterion for Malignant Lymph Nodes and a Novel Lymph Node Clinical Staging System for Unresectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Evaluation by Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography.

Objectives: The current Chinese draft nodal clinical staging system for unresectable esophageal cancer is controversial. Our study aimed to propose a new diagnostic criterion for lymph node metastasis (LNM) detected by multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in nonsurgically treated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and then develop a novel lymph node (LN) clinical staging system for better individual prognostic prediction. Methods: The short-axis diameters of regional LNs were measured in 393 nonsurgical patients. Regional nodes were considered positive for malignancy if the nodal size exceeded the optimal size, which was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The novel LN clinical staging system was then constructed using the LASSO model based on the relative prognostic importance of different LN stations. Validation cohort was included to confirm the prognostic performance. Results: Regional nodes were considered positive for malignancy if they were larger than 10 mm in the low cervical and upper thoracic segments, 7 mm in the middle thoracic segment, and 8 mm in the lower thoracic and celiac segments. Using the LASSO model, stations 2R, 3A, 7 and 16 were qualified in the model. Further analysis showed that our LN clinical staging system had better homogeneity, discriminatory ability and clinical value than the draft nodal staging system. Conclusions: Our results show that the new diagnostic criterion may improve the diagnostic value of MSCT in metastatic LNs. The novel LN clinical staging system can stratify nonsurgically treated ESCC patients into different risk groups, providing valuable information for decision making and outcome prediction.

Diagnostic value of different imagines for choledocholithiasis abdominal pain / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate direct bilirubin /total bilirubin(D/T), B-mode ultrasound(BUS), multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis abdominal pain (CAP).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the materials of patients who were diagnosed with choledocholithiasis abdominal pain by above imagines in the emergency department of Beijing Friendship Hospital during March 2016 to December 2018. The stones were taken out by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or surgical operation as the golden standard.Results:Among 256 patients, 195 cases, 138 cases, 107 cases and 26 cases were diagnosed by EUS, MRCP, CT and BUS, respectively. The sensitivity were 0.86, 0.62, 0.45, 0.13, respectively. The specificity were 0.86, 0.81, 0.75, 0.87. The positive predictive value were 0.97, 0.96, 0.91, 0.83.The negative predictive value were 0.55, 0.19, 0.21, 0.16. The accuracy rate were 0.88, 0.64, 0.48, 0.30, respectively. The sensitivity of D/T and D/T combined with EUS in the diagnosis of CAP were 0.57 and 0.67, and the accuracy were 0.16 and 0.56, respectively.Conclusions:EUS has a high diagnostic value for CAP. MRCP is superior to CT in the value of diagnosis of CAP. BUS in imaging diagnosis of CAP value is relatively low, but D/T combined with BUS can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis for CAP.

Multislice spiral computed tomography can independently predict the bronchoscopy results of children with bronchitis (pneumonia) suspected caused by bronchial foreign bodies.

BACKGROUND: Multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) playsa vital role in the diagnosis of bronchial foreign bodies in children. Bronchitis (pneumonia) can be caused by bronchial foreign bodies in children, which need to be diagnosed and treated by bronchoscopy. To understand the application of MSCT in children with bronchitis (pneumonia) suspected to be caused by bronchial foreign bodies, the clinical data of 162 children were analyzed retrospectively. METHODS: The clinical data of 162 children with bronchitis (pneumonia) suspected to be caused by bronchial foreign bodies were collected, including sex, age, course of the disease, auscultation, chest X-ray, MSCT, bronchoscopy, among many others. Univariate logistic regression analysis analyzed the above other items, taking the finding of foreign bodies in bronchoscopy as the outcome index. The key variables of univariate analysis are included in multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the independent influencing factors of bronchoscopy results. RESULTS: Among the 162 patients, 70.4% were male, with the largest proportion of children aged 1-2 years (55.6%). The course of the disease of 98 cases (60.4%) was over14 days. A total of 111 cases (68.5%) showed positive auscultation, 110 cases (67.9%) showed positive chest fluoroscopy, 155 cases (95.7%) showed bronchial foreign bodies with MSCT, and the foreign bodies of 140 cases (86.4%) were removed by bronchoscopy. Univariate analysis showed that the course of the disease, chest auscultation, and MSCT were all correlated with the results of bronchoscopy. However, multivariate analysis showed, after adjusting the two factors of chest auscultation and chest fluoroscopy, the course of the disease (OR =6.01, 2.36-15.29, P<0.001) and MSCT (OR =95.64, 5.62-1,628.40, P<0.002) could still independently predict the results of bronchoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: MSCT can independently predict the results of bronchoscopy in children with bronchitis(pneumonia) suspected to be caused by bronchial foreign bodies.

Computed tomography options in the evaluation of hernia repair outcomes using "titanium silk" mesh implants.

BACKGROUND: According to experimental studies, mesh implants may reduce in size up to 50.8% during their integration into soft tissues. This results in impaired mobility of the anterior abdominal wall and hernia recurrences, as well as affects patients' quality of life. Due to unsatisfactory radiographic contrast of polymeric mesh implants, changes in their size can be rarely confirmed using imaging methods. Medical devices made of metal alloys have the best radiographic contrast. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic contrast of mesh implants made of titanium filaments and to determine the sizes and locations of the implants after the anterior abdominal wall hernia repair. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study included 40 patients with inguinal, umbilical, and postoperative ventral hernias. Surgical hernia repair was performed using a mash implant made of titanium filaments, "titanium silk". Multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) was performed on Days 3 and 90 after surgery, followed by an assessment of the size and location of the mesh implant. RESULTS: 90 days after the anterior abdominal wall hernia repair, the locations of the titanium silk mesh implants in the tissues corresponded to their intraoperative setting. There were no statistically significant changes in the sizes of mesh implants on Day 90, compared with Day 3. CONCLUSION: The titanium silk mesh implants have satisfactory radiographic contrast, which allows imaging of their location and size in the tissues using MSCT and comprehensive evaluation of hernia repair outcomes using instrumental methods of examination.

[Research Status of Postmortem MSCT Angiography in Forensic Science].

ABSTRACT: Virtual autopsy is a new technique for investigating the morphological changes of cadaveric tissues and organs by medical imaging technology. It has been widely used in the identification of causes of death. Multislice spiral computed tomography （MSCT） has become a routine inspection method in some identification institutions, although it cannot completely replace traditional autopsy, it plays a key auxiliary or substitute role in the identification of certain abnormal causes of death. Plain MSCT scan cannot visualize cadaveric vessels, but can perform cadaveric angiography to determine vascular injury or disease. This technology has entered a rapid development period in recent years, and has made a considerable progress in contrast agent, perfusion methods and imaging methods. This article summarizes several common cadaveric MSCT angiography methods, such as systemic angiography, angiography through cardiopulmonary resuscitation, targeted angiography, and angiography by cardiac puncture, and analyzes and compares the application prospects.

Research Status of Postmortem MSCT Angiography in Forensic Science / 法医学杂志

Virtual autopsy is a new technique for investigating the morphological changes of cadaveric tissues and organs by medical imaging technology. It has been widely used in the identification of causes of death. Multislice spiral computed tomography （MSCT） has become a routine inspection method in some identification institutions, although it cannot completely replace traditional autopsy, it plays a key auxiliary or substitute role in the identification of certain abnormal causes of death. Plain MSCT scan cannot visualize cadaveric vessels, but can perform cadaveric angiography to determine vascular injury or disease. This technology has entered a rapid development period in recent years, and has made a considerable progress in contrast agent, perfusion methods and imaging methods. This article summarizes several common cadaveric MSCT angiography methods, such as systemic angiography, angiography through cardiopulmonary resuscitation, targeted angiography, and angiography by cardiac puncture, and analyzes and compares the application prospects.

Multislice spiral computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of ground-glass opacity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the value of multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) in differential diagnosis of benign or malignant pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 patients with pulmonary GGO who received surgical treatment in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative pathology showed that there were 22 cases of benign GGO and 47 cases of malignant GGO (adenocarcinoma). The diameter, maximum CT value, and mean CT value of benign and malignant GGOs were determined and compared. The clinical value of identifying benign or malignant GGOs with these indices was analyzed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: The mean GGO diameter, maximum CT value, and mean CT value in the benign group were significantly lower than those of in the malignant group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The diameter, maximum CT value, and mean CT value of GGO were applied to identify benign or malignant GGO: sensitivity was 60.87%, 69.57%, and 63.04%; and the specificity was 63.64%, 63.64%, and 81.82%; the cutoff values were 13.89 (mm), 26.18 (Hu), and 24.61 (Hu); and areas under the ROC curves were 0.66, 0.71, and 0.69, respectively. CONCLUSION: The possibility of malignancy has been significantly increased for GGOs with a large diameter, high mean CT value and maximum CT value. Surgical treatment should be performed for this type of GGOs.

[Multislice spiral computed tomography of the heart in dilated cardiomyopathy: possibilities in the verification of myocarditis (in comparison with myocardial biopsy) and in the evaluation of prognosis]. / Mul'tispiral'naia komp'iuternaia tomografiia serdtsa pri sindrome dilatatsionnoi kardiomiopatii: vozmozhnosti v verifikatsii miokardita (po sravneniiu s biopsiei miokarda) i otsenke prognoza.

AIM: To investigate whether intravenous contrast-enhanced multislice spiral computed tomography (computed tomography) (MSCT) versus myocardial morphological examination can diagnose myocarditis and the non-inflammatory causes of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and evaluate prognosis in patients with the latter. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A study group consisted of 130 patients, including 95 men (46.8±11.9 years), with DCM (mean left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic dimension (EDD), 6.6±0.8 cm; mean LV ejection fraction (EF), 29.8±9.3%; NYHA functional class (FC) III (II; III)). All the patients underwent intravenous contrast-enhanced 320-slice CT of the heart; myocardial morphological examination was made in 48 patients (endomyocardial biopsy in 29 patients, intraoperative biopsy in 7, and autopsy in 9, and study of the explanted heart in 3). In addition, cardiotropic viral DNA in the blood and myocardium and the level of anticardiolipin antibodies were determined; echocardiography (in all the patients), scintigraphy (n = 45), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 21), and coronary angiography (CG) (n = 46), and a genetic consultation were performed. A comparison group comprised 20 patients, including 14 men (69.3±9.2 years), with coronary atherosclerosis (40% or more stenoses) according to MSCT findings in the absence of criteria for DCM (mean LV EDD, 4.8±0.5 cm; mean LV EF, 59.4±4.6%). RESULTS: Morphological/comprehensive examination showed that myocarditis as a cause of DCM was diagnosed in 76 (65%) patients; its concurrence with genetic cardiomyopathies was in 17 more patients (17%). MSCT of the heart revealed lower accumulation areas in 2 (1.5%) patients (type 1 based on the proposed rating scale), delayed myocardial contrast agent accumulation (DMCAA) in 81 (62.3%): subendocardial accumulation (type 2) in 8, intramyocardial accumulation in 4 (type 3), subepicardial accumulation in 52 (type 4), and transmural accumulation in 15 (type 5); DMCAA was not noted in 49 patients. DMCAA was not found in the comparison group. As compared with biopsy, the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive and negative results of the tests in detecting active myocarditis for all the types of DMCAA were 77.4, 47.1, 72.7, and 53.3%, respectively; those for types 3-5 of DMCAA were 77.4, 52.9, 75.0, and 56.3%; those in detecting all the morphological types of myocarditis were 68.3, 28.6, 84.8, and 13.3%, and those for types 3-5 were 65.9, 28.6, 84.4, and 12.5%, respectively. Comparison of the data of MSCT and those of comprehensive examination in all the patients with DCM, the diagnostic significance in detecting myocarditis for all the types of DMCAA was 70.6, 67.9, 88.9 and 38.8%, respectively; that for DMCAA types 3-5 was 60.8, 67.9, 87.3, and 32.3%. In the study group, MSCT also identified the non-compacted myocardium (n = 31 (23.8%)), coronary atherosclerosis (n = 31 (23%)), which is confirmed by CG findings in 15 patients. The patients with DMCAA significantly more frequently showed a relationship with previous infection, acute onset, significantly higher NYHA FCs, end-diastolic and end-systolic LV volumes, and insignificantly lower LV EF. During a mean follow-up periods of 12 (6; 37.25) months, the overall mortality rate was 17.7% (23 deaths); the death + transplantation index was 20% (n = 26). All the types of DMCAA were found to be significantly related to prognosis: in the DMCAA group, the mortality rate was 21.5% versus 7.8% in the non-DMCAA group (odds ratio 3.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 10.21; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MSCT with the assessment of delayed contrast enhancement (and simultaneous CT coronary angiography) can be used for the non-invasive diagnosis of myocarditis in patients with DCM, including that in the presence of contraindications to MRI. DMCAA correlates with the presence of myocarditis, its activity, the degree of functional disorders, and prognosis.

Landmarks of the Frankfort horizontal plane : Reliability in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

OBJECTIVES: The goal was to investigate whether the three-dimensional (3D) reliability of the landmarks defining the Frankfort horizontal plane (FH) can be enhanced by reducing variance with the help of nearby anatomical structures. METHODS: Twenty multislice computed tomography (MSCT) datasets of evidently symmetrical patients (11 female and 9 male patients, 6.1-16 years old) were selected from 695 datasets archived at our department. In the 3D reconstructions, we located the anthropometric landmarks orbitale and porion, then these were modified with the help of frontomalare temporale, radiculare and the most anterior border of the left and right external acoustic pore. The resultant orbitale* and porion* reference points for the Frankfort horizontal plane were then compared to the original landmarks. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The superior reliability in the sagittal y-axis and in the transversal x-axis of the new reference points was confirmed. Based on the covariance matrices, the mean maximum standard deviation (square root of the maximum eigenvalue) in the direction of maximum variance was reduced from 0.77/0.94 mm to 0.47/0.48 mm for left/right orbitale, and similar reductions from 0.85/0.92 mm to 0.29/0.30 mm were noted for left/right porion (p < 0.001 for all four points). Vertical reliability did not improve further. CONCLUSIONS: The modifications significantly reduced the variance of the orbitale and porion landmarks, thus, clearly increasing the three-dimensional reliability. Hence these optimized reference points are better suited to construct the FH, which arguably is an important spatial reference plane in orthodontics.

[Comparetive study of CBCT and MSCT in the diagnosis of styloid process syndrome].

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value between CBCT and MSCT in the styloid process syndrome. Method:One case with styloid process syndrome is selected examination of CBCT and MSCT in the patient's position of styloid process. The length and the angle of the styloid process in the picture of CBCT and MSCT were measured and had a construct with each other. Result:MSCT is slightly clearer than CBCT in the imaging of styloid process, but there is no obvious difference in the length and angle measurement of styloid process between them. Conclusion:Except for MSCT, CBCT is another important means in the diagnosis of styloid process syndrome, CBCT has a great clinical application value.

The research of the diagnostic value of multislice spiral computed tomographyfor small intestinal stromal tumors / 中国医学装备

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of MSCT for small intestinal stromal tumors.Methods: The MSCT results of 27 cases diagnosed pathologically as small intestinal stromal tumors were retrospectively analyzed.Results: MSCT scan could clearly show the position, size, shape, fat space, density, calcification, growth pattern of the lesions. Enhanced MSCT scan showed that the arterial phase was significantly strengthened, the venous phase was significantly enhanced than the arterial phase, and the delay phase was significantly enhanced than the venous phase. Low-risk tumors were mainly with maximum diameter <5 cm, regular shape, clear fat gap, uniform density, and intraluminal growth-oriented, while high-risk tumors were mainly with maximum diameter ≥5cm, irregular shape, blur fat gap, uneven density, and cavity shape and mixed growth. The differences were statistically significant (x2=6.64,P<0.05).Conclusion:MSCT can be used as a preliminary judgement for benign and malignant small intestinal stromal tumors and its level, which can guide further clinical treatment and prognosis evaluation.

Comparetive study of CBCT and MSCT in the diagnosis of styloid process syndrome / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value between CBCT and MSCT in the styloid process syndrome. Method:One case with styloid process syndrome is selected examination of CBCT and MSCT in the patient's position of styloid process. The length and the angle of the styloid process in the picture of CBCT and MSCT were measured and had a construct with each other. Result:MSCT is slightly clearer than CBCT in the imaging of styloid process, but there is no obvious difference in the length and angle measurement of styloid process between them. Conclusion:Except for MSCT, CBCT is another important means in the diagnosis of styloid process syndrome, CBCT has a great clinical application value.

The role of 64-slice CT following perfusion with iohexol via the hepatopancreatic ampulla in assessing pancreaticobiliary junctions.

The aim of this study was to delineate the structure of the pancreatic and biliary ducts in premature infants using a novel imaging method. The duodenal papillae of 30 premature infant cadavers were dissected. The pancreatic and biliary ducts were visualized using 64-detector multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). Contrast agent was injected into the duodenal papilla via the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater. MSCT scanning revealed both the pancreatic and biliary ducts as well as the common channel in 18 cases. The bile duct was visualized in the remaining 12 cases. Four patterns of the pancreaticobiliary ductal junction were noted: Y-type (73.3%), U-type (13.3%), V-type (6.7%), and II-type (6.7%). The results showed that MSCT and three-dimensional reconstruction can be used to visualize the junction pattern and common channel of the pancreatic and biliary ducts, and the structure of the surrounding tissue, in premature infants.

Evaluation of radiation dose in multislice spiral CT scan for children embedded teeth / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To evaluate the radiation dose in both low radiation dose and to conventional radiation dose mode in multislice spiral CT scan for children with embedded teeth,and explore the lowest conditions of exposure in multislice spiral CT scan for children embedded teeth.Methods Eighty cases of children with embedded teeth examined by 16 slices spiral CT were divided into 5 ,25,125 and 250 mAs scanning groups.The scanned pictures of four groups were evaluated by two chief physicians and three associate chief physicians in the radiological department with double blind method.The CTDI_w and DLP in different radiation dose mode were recorded and analyzed with statistics.Results All the four groups scanned pictures in different radiation dose mode could accurately show the structure and the adjacency relation of embedded teeth.Even though the resolution of scanned pictures in S mAs group were inferior to the other three groups on bone trabecula,gingiva and their surrounding soft tissue,it still could meet the requirements of examination.The average DLP in 5 mAs group was only 2% of value in 250 mAs group.Conclusions MSCT in 5 mAs group can not only meet the requirements of examination,but also reduce the radiation dose to patients to the greatest extent.

Dual-phase scanning characteristics of multislice spiral CT for acute myocardial infarction / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of multislice spiral computed tomography (CT) for acute myocardial infarction. Methods: The anterior descending coronary arteries of 6 pigs were ligated at the 1/3 distal end to establish acute myocardial infarction model without reperfusion. Dual multislice spiral CT scanning was performed in all animals and the CT characteristics were analyzed. Results: Acute myocardial infarction model was successfully established in all 6 animals. Myocardial perfusion deficits were detected during early phase scanning; the area of deficits were significantly decreased during late phase scanning (13.52 ± 5.22% vs 9.07 ± 3.47% P = 0.004), with a mean decrease of 32.14%. CT value of different myocardial varied at different scanning times: the values of LV cavity decreased from (586 ± 111) HU to (294±53) HU (P = 0.001), that of the normal myocardial area decreased from (247±54) HU to (132±25) HU (P = 0.001); the values of the perfusion deficit regions were not significantly changed ([42 ± 14] HU vs [29 ± 23] HU, P = 0.289). During late phase scanning, CT value around residual perfusion deficit was higher than that of normal myocardium ([156±21] HU vs [132±25] HU, P = 0.004). Conclusion: The dual-phase MSCT characteristics of AMI include early perfusion deficits, late enhancement and residual perfusion deficits. Early phase scanning may overestimate the infarction area.

The evaluation of multislice spiral computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the multislice spiral computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease and explore its future application. Method The image data of 10 patients with moyamoya disease undertaken MSCTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were reviewed analysis. Results MSCTA could clearly show stenosis, multiple occlusion or abnormalities of the cerebral vessels. Volume-rendering helped to show the relationship between the abnormal vessels and the surrounding tissues. Combined maximum intensity projection (MIP) and multiplsnar reconstruction (MPB) images could clearly show abnormally increased vessels (moyamoya disease vessels). The rate of occlusion and stenosis showed by MSCTA were 66.2%(53/80)and 67.5%(54/80)by DSA. There was no significant difference between the two methods (P>0.05). The images of MSCTA were basically same as those of DSA. Conclusions MSCTA is sensitive in diagnosing moyamoya disease, which is an important basis for early diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment is effective in improving prognosis of moyamoya disease.