Features, measurements, determinants, treatments, and outcomes of musculoskeletal symptoms in postmenopausal women: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The literature lacks a consistent review of musculoskeletal symptoms in postmenopausal women. AIM: To identify features, measurements, determinants, treatments, and outcomes of musculoskeletal symptoms in postmenopausal women. METHOD: A scoping review was completed using six databases: Embase, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus up to December 2022. Sixty-three articles were identified. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal symptoms in postmenopausal women include somatic symptoms of non-specific origin, upper and lower limb symptoms, spinal pain, and decline in physical performance. Measurements were categorized into four groups: musculoskeletal symptoms for menopause, general musculoskeletal symptoms, menopause-specific quality of life, and general quality of life questionnaires. The determinants were grouped into four themes: demographics, physical determinants, psychosocial determinants, and lifestyle. Pharmacological interventions, supplementation options, and exercise regimens exist for postmenopausal women with musculoskeletal symptoms. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive policy is needed to address musculoskeletal symptoms in postmenopausal women, promoting diverse treatments for improved quality of life.

A follow-up study of vibration-induced injuries in workers exposed to transient and high frequency vibrations.

BACKGROUND: In a previous study from 2018, 38 wheel loader assembly workers were examined, showing high exposures to transient and high-frequency vibrations. After the investigation, preventive measures were immediately implemented to reduce the vibration exposure. In 2022, a follow-up study was carried out to examine the effect of these measures. METHODS: The follow-up study included 35 (27 men and 8 women) of the original 38 workers. They were divided into two groups, 24 workers with ongoing vibration exposure and 11 workers, not vibration exposed since 2018. All participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a thorough examination, including several neurophysiological tests and a comprehensive assessment of musculoskeletal symptoms. The questionnaire responses and on-site vibration level measurements formed the basis for the individual vibration exposure assessment. RESULTS: In 2018, clear differences were noted between the two groups regarding vibration perception thresholds (VPT), needle test, 2-PD (2-point discrimination), and monofilament test with deviating results in the unexposed group. The difference between the two groups was significantly smaller at the follow-up examination in 2022, where differences remained for VPT and monofilament tests, with deviating test results in the unexposed group. When comparing variable values between 2018 and 2022 within the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively, the unexposed group showed mostly unchanged values, while a deterioration was observed for VPT, needle test and temperature sensitivity test among the exposed workers during follow-up. The prevalence of VWF (Vibration white fingers) was around 30-40% and neuropathy around 75% among exposed workers during follow-up compared to about 60% and 85% respectively, in the unexposed group. CONCLUSION: The overall categorization of white fingers and neuropathy, according to the Stockholm Workshop Scale, remained largely unchanged in both study groups from 2018 to 2022. The introduction of cost-effective and relatively simple preventive measures may have contributed to this result. Throughout the follow-up period, the number of exposed workers who developed musculoskeletal disorders and newly reported cases of vibration injuries at the factory decreased. Without this preventive program, increased vascular and nerve symptoms would most likely have occurred during follow-up due to continued vibration exposure.

Associations between day and night-shifts, work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and absenteeism in the manufacturing industry.

Objectives. Associations between shift-work, musculoskeletal symptoms and absenteeism are poorly investigated in the manufacturing industry. This study aimed to investigate associations between working schedule, musculoskeletal symptoms and days of absenteeism among pulp and paper industry workers. Methods. Musculoskeletal symptoms of 904 workers were assessed through the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. χ2 tests assessed associations between being a day-worker or shift-worker, the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and days of absenteeism. Results. A significant association was found between working schedule and symptoms in the lower back in the last 12 months, with shift-workers presenting higher prevalence than day-workers (p = 0.022). Significant associations were also found between days of absenteeism and symptoms in the shoulders (p = 0.002), which mostly led to absenteeism of 100-365 days; elbows (p < 0.001), wrists/hands (p = 0.045) and ankles/feet (p = 0.042), which produced absenteeism mostly of 25-99 days; and dorsal region (p = 0.001), which mainly led to absenteeism of 10-24 days. No associations were found between working schedule and days of absenteeism (p = 0.265). Conclusion. Shift-work is associated with increased prevalence of lower back symptoms, but seems not to influence days of absenteeism. Shoulders seem to be the region leading to higher days of absenteeism, followed by elbows, wrists/hands, ankles/feet and the dorsal region.

Musculoskeletal misdiagnoses in pediatric patients with spinal tumors.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood spinal tumors often present with musculoskeletal symptoms, potentially causing a misdiagnosis and delays in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to identify, characterize, and compare children with spinal tumors who had prior musculoskeletal misdiagnoses to those without, analyzing clinical presentation, diagnostic interval, and outcome. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study evaluated all children aged 0-14 years diagnosed with a spinal tumor in Denmark from 1996 to 2018. The cohort was identified through the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry, and the registry data were supplemented with data from medical records. The survival was compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Among 58 patients, 57% (33/58) received musculoskeletal misdiagnoses before the spinal tumor diagnosis. Misdiagnoses were mostly nonspecific (64%, 21/33), involving pain and accidental lesions, while 36% (12/33) were rheumatologic diagnoses. The patients with prior misdiagnosis had less aggressive tumors, fewer neurological/general symptoms, and 5.5 months median diagnostic interval versus 3 months for those without a misdiagnosis. Those with prior misdiagnoses tended to have a higher 5-year survival of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63%-92%) compared to 66% (95% CI: 44%-82%) for those without (p = .15). CONCLUSION: Less aggressive spinal tumors may manifest as gradual skeletal abnormalities and musculoskeletal symptoms without neurological/general symptoms, leading to misdiagnoses and delays.

Effect of an upper body exoskeleton for surgeons on postoperative neck, back and shoulder complaints.

OBJECTIVES: Surgeons are exposed to high levels of physical stress while working in the operating room. In industry, so-called exoskeletons are used to support the back and shoulder area. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effects of an upper body exoskeleton on postoperative physical complaints of surgeons. METHODS: Surgeons from a university hospital in the fields of orthopaedics, trauma- and visceral surgery performed two operations of the same type and planned length on two different days. The first operation was performed without an exoskeleton, the second with an exoskeleton. The participants completed questionnaires on shoulder pain (SPADI), neck pain (VAS and NDI) and back pain (VAS and ODI) before and after the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 25 participants were included and performed 50 surgeries with a mean surgery duration of 144 min without and 138 min with exoskeleton. Without the exoskeleton, the activity of the operation resulted in a significant increase of the VAS neck by 1.0 points (SD 1.2, p < 0.001), NDI by 4.8 (SD 8.6; p = 0.010), VAS back by 0.7 (SD 1.0, p = 0.002), and ODI by 2.7 (SD 4.1, p = 0.003). With the exoskeleton the the participants reported about significant less complaints after the surgery (VAS neck: p = 0.001, NDI: p = 0.003, VAS back: p = 0.036, ODI: p = 0.036, SPADI: p = 0.016) Conclusion: An upper body exoskeleton can significantly reduce the discomfort in the neck, shoulder and back caused to surgeons by surgery.

[Ergonomics and organization of remote work - health aspect and recommendations for home office organization]. / Ergonomia i organizacja pracy zdalnej ­ aspekt zdrowotny i zalecenia dotyczace organizacji biura domowego.

Analyses of the economic activity of the Polish population indicate that in 2023, about 7% of all employees performed, usually or sometimes, their work in the form of remote work. The purpose of this publication is to analyze the impact of working with screen-monitor devices on computer vision syndromes, musculoskeletal disorders, circadian rhythm, and to identify recommendations for the proper organization of the home office. A narrative review of the existing literature on the impact of work with the use of devices equipped with screen monitors on the health of employees was performed, as well as recommendations in the above-mentioned area were presented. The most important factors determining the load on the visual organs and musculoskeletal system and affecting the overall health and well-being of employees during remote work are the proper arrangement of the workstation (in accordance with ergonomic principles) and the organization of work (limiting the time spent working at the computer/laptop, systematic active breaks) and healthy sleep habits. It is crucial that both employers, occupational health professionals and employees themselves are aware of the importance to their health of correct preparation of the home office, and have adequate knowledge in this regard. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(1):69-80.

Factores asociados a síntomas de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en profesores de la red pública municipal de Cuiabá-MT, Brasil / Fatores associados à sintomas de distúrbios osteomusculares em professores da rede pública municipal de Cuiabá-MT / Factors associated with symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders in public school teachers in Cuiabá-MT, Brazil

Introducción: Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo son lesiones relacionadas con daños por uso excesivo del sistema musculoesquelético. El objetivo fue analizar los síntomas musculo esqueléticos y los factores asociados en profesores de enseñanza básica de escuelas públicas municipales de la ciudad de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, la muestra era de 326 docentes. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron los instrumentos: Condición de Producción Vocal, Self-Reporting Questionnaire y el Cuestionario Nórdico Musculoesquelético. Se realizó un análisis bivariado, mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y razones de prevalencia con intervalos de confianzas de 95% y un análisis múltiple con el modelo de regresión de Poisson. Resultados: En el análisis múltiple se demostró que la presencia de síntomas musculo esqueléticos se asoció significativamente (p<0,05) con los siguientes factores de riesgo: tener trastornos mentales comunes (RPa=1,45), cargar peso con frecuencia (RPa=1,26) y realizar un esfuerzo físico intenso (RPa= 1,22). Además, se identificó asociación significativa entre estos síntomas y los docentes contratados (RPa= 0,82), así como para la interacción realizar esfuerzo físico intenso y cargar peso con frecuente (RPa=0,75), siendo estos factores protectores para la presencia de síntomas. Conclusión: Se concluyó que las características del trabajo demostraron ser importantes factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de síntomas musculoesqueléticos en los últimos doce meses. Y se cree que los resultados de este estudio pueden subsidiar a los gestores y responsables de acciones preventivas en el ambiente de trabajo de estos docentes. (AU)

Introdução: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho são lesões relacionadas a danos do uso excessivo do sistema musculoesquelético. O objetivo foi analisar os sintomas osteomusculares e os fatores associados em professores do ensino fundamental da rede pública municipal na cidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, a amostra foi de 326 professores. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: Condição de Produção Vocal, Self-Reporting Questionnaire e o Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. A variável dependente foi à presença ou não de sintomas osteomusculares. Foi realizada uma análise bivariada, utilizando teste qui-quadrado e razões de prevalências com intervalos de confianças 95% e uma análise múltipla com o modelo de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: Na análise múltipla, foi evidenciado que a presença de sintomas osteomusculares, foi significativamente associada (p<0,05) com os seguintes fatores de risco: possuir transtornos mentais comuns (RPa=1,45), carregar peso com frequência (RPa=1,26) e realizar esforço físico intenso (RPa= 1,22). Além disso, foi identificada associação significativa, entre estes sintomas e professores contratados (RPa= 0,82), assim como para a interação realizar esforço físico intenso e carregar peso com frequência (RPa=0,75), sendo estes, fatores de proteção para a presença de sintomas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as características de trabalho demostraram ser importantes fatores de risco para o acometimento dos sintomas osteomusculares nos últimos doze meses. E acredita-se que, os resultados deste estudo podem subsidiar gestores e responsáveis para ações preventivas no ambiente laboral destes professores. (AU)

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are injuries resulting from the excessive use of the musculoskeletal system. This study analyzed musculoskeletal symptoms and associated factors in primary school teachers in the municipal public network in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 326 teachers. Data collection instruments included the Vocal Production Condition, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The dependent variable was the presence or absence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test and prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals, as well as multiple analysis using Poisson regression model, were performed. Results: In the multiple analysis, it was found that the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms was significantly associated (p<0.05) with the following risk factors: common mental disorders (PRa=1.45), regularly lifting weights (PRa=1.26), and performing intense physical effort (PRa=1.22). Additionally, a significant association was identified between these symptoms and contracted teachers (PRa=0.82), as well as an interaction between performing intense physical effort and regularly lifting weights (PRa=0.75), which acted as protective factors for symptom presence. Conclusion: It is concluded that work characteristics were important risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal symptoms in the last twelve months. The results of this study are believed to provide a basis for decision-making by managers and stakeholders in implementing preventive measures in the work environment of these teachers. (AU)

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Patients with Psoriasis and Predictors Associated with the Development of Psoriatic Arthritis: Retrospective Analysis of a US Claims Database.

INTRODUCTION: Psoriasis (PsO) is associated with the development of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Patients with PsO often experience pre-PsA musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms, leading to potential structural damage and substantial disease burden with impact on function. The objective of this study is to describe prevalence rates and evidence of MSK symptoms, including incidence of comorbid PsA diagnosis, in patients newly diagnosed with PsO and identify factors associated with PsA diagnosis. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included administrative claims from the Optum Research Database for adult patients with a new PsO diagnosis between January 2008 and February 2019. Eligible patients had ≥ 2 claims for PsO on unique dates, were aged ≥ 18 years at the date of the first claim with a diagnosis of PsO (index date), and had continuous enrollment with medical and pharmacy coverage for 12 months before (baseline period) and ≥ 12 months following the index date. Primary outcomes were incidence of comorbid PsA diagnosis, prevalence of MSK symptoms other than PsA, and evidence of MSK symptoms collected at baseline and assessed in 12-month intervals through 60 months. RESULTS: Of the 116,203 patients with newly diagnosed PsO, 110,118 were without baseline comorbid PsA. High prevalence rates of MSK symptoms among patients with only PsO were seen at baseline (47.1%), 12 months (48.2%), and 60 months (82.1%). Patient age, baseline MSK symptoms, and baseline MSK symptom-related healthcare utilization were associated with increased hazard of a PsA diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Increased prevalence rates of MSK symptoms and burden are experienced by patients newly diagnosed with PsO through 60 months of follow-up. Several baseline factors were associated with increased risk of PsA diagnosis.

A Study to Look at Symptoms of Muscles, Joints, and Bones in Patients with Psoriasis and Whether They Can Predict a Diagnosis of Psoriatic ArthritisPsoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that results in areas of significant itchiness, pain, and scaling, and ultimately decreases patient quality of life. Psoriasis affects approximately 2­4% of the general US population and 1.3­2.2% of the UK population. Some patients with psoriasis may experience musculoskeletal symptoms and may go on to develop psoriatic arthritis. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of patients with psoriasis who experienced complaints of musculoskeletal pain prior to and/or following their psoriasis diagnosis, and whether these were associated with further probability of developing psoriatic arthritis.Using a large US-based database with data from approximately 115,000 patients with newly diagnosed psoriasis, we determined the percentage of newly diagnosed psoriasis patients with existing musculoskeletal pain complaints within 12 months of their initial diagnosis. We found that 47% of newly diagnosed patients had previous musculoskeletal pain complaints, with joint pain, back pain, and overall fatigue representing the most common forms. Notably, psoriasis patients with previous joint pain were approximately 50% more likely to develop psoriatic arthritis compared with patients with no previous joint pain. Furthermore, patients with previous other forms of arthritis were nearly twice as likely to develop psoriatic arthritis.This study provides additional support that existing musculoskeletal pain in patients with newly diagnosed psoriasis may predict the potential future onset of psoriatic arthritis. These findings will help guide primary care physicians, dermatologists, and rheumatologists in understanding the importance of earlier detection of psoriatic arthritis to provide more appropriate care.

A pediatric cystic fibrosis arthropathy case who responded to Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor therapy.

Cystic fibrosis arthropathy (CFA) is a transient, intermittent form of arthritis that cannot be associated with any other disease other than CF thus making CFA a diagnosis of exclusion. NSAIDs, short-term intermittent splinting, glucocorticoids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are treatment options for CFA. Currently, there is no consensus on how to best treat CFA. Diagnosis and treatment of CFA remain a challenge for physicians and people with CF. The newest CFTR modulator therapy, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), was approved by the FDA recently for children over the age of 6 with at least one Phe508del allele in the CFTR gene. Multiple clinical benefits of ETI in pulmonary functions and overall disease burden have been reported since its approval, however, the data on the musculoskeletal therapeutic benefits of ETI has been limited. In this report, we present a 7-year-old female with CF whose CFA symptoms resolved after starting ETI therapy.

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Welders and Non-Welders in Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal symptoms in welders may affect their health and quality of life. This study determined the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among welders compared to non-welders and determined the body part(s) mostly affected. METHODOLOGY: The study is a comparative cross-sectional study. 142 welders and 136 security officers in Ikenne local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria were included in the study. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to obtain information on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Descriptive statistics methods were used to summarize the data. Chi-square bivariate analysis was conducted to test for associations between welders' occupational characteristics and the 12-month prevalence of back pain. RESULTS: The mean age of respondents was 36.8±13.9 years and 36.7±9.4 for non-welders. Two-fifth (40.8%) of the welders had less than 10 years of work experience. About half (50.7%) of them worked six days a week, and many (54.9%) worked more than eight hours daily. The prevalence of back pain was higher among welders (74.6%) than in security officers (33.8%). This finding was significant (P<0.001). Also, knee pain was more common among welders (31.7%) compared to security officers (16.2%). The 12-month prevalence of back pain among welders and control was 74.6% and 33.8% respectively and knee pain among welders and control was 31.7% and 16.2% respectively. Both were statistically significant (p=0.001). In the last seven days, back pain was present more among welders than in controls (50.0% Vs 26.5%). CONCLUSION: The study shows a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among welders compared to non-welders. The lower back is the part of the body most affected. Training and health education of the workers on the negative effect of musculoskeletal symptoms on the body, and the right posture to adopt at work would go a long way in reducing the occurrence of these symptoms.

CONTEXTE: Les symptômes musculo-squelettiques chez les soudeurs peuvent affecter leur santé et leur qualité de vie. Cette étude a déterminé la prévalence des symptômes musculo-squelettiques chez les soudeurs par rapport aux non-soudeurs et a déterminé la ou les parties du corps les plus touchées. MÉTHODOLOGIES: L'étude est une étude transversale comparative. 142 soudeurs et 136 agents de sécurité dans la zone de gouvernement local d'Ikenne de l'État d'Ogun, au Nigéria, ont été inclus dans l'étude. Le questionnaire nordique sur les troubles musculo-squelettiques (NMQ) a été utilisé pour obtenir de l'information sur la prévalence des troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS). Des méthodes statistiques descriptives ont été utilisées pour résumer les données. Une analyse bivariée du chi carré a été effectuée pour vérifier les associations entre les caractéristiques professionnelles des soudeurs et la prévalence des maux de dos sur 12 mois. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen des répondants était de 36,8±13,9 ans et de 36,7±9,4 ans pour les non-soudeurs. Les deux cinquièmes (40,8 %) des soudeurs avaient moins de 10 ans d'expérience de travail. Environ la moitié (50,7 %) d'entre eux travaillaient six jours par semaine, et beaucoup (54,9 %) travaillaient plus de huit heures par jour. La prévalence des maux de dos était plus élevée chez les soudeurs (74,6 %) que chez les agents de sécurité (33,8 %). Ce résultat était significatif (P<0,001). De plus, la douleur au genou était plus fréquente chez les soudeurs (31,7 %) que chez les agents de sécurité (16,2 %).La prévalence à 12 mois des maux de dos chez les soudeurs et les témoins était de 74,6 % et 33,8 % respectivement, et la douleur au genou chez les soudeurs et le groupe témoin était de 31,7 % et 16,2 % respectivement. Les deux étaient statistiquement significatifs (p = 0,001). Au cours des sept derniers jours, les maux de dos étaient plus présents chez les soudeurs que chez les témoins (50,0 % contre 26,5 %). CONCLUSION: L'étude montre une prévalence élevée de symptômes musculo-squelettiques chez les soudeurs par rapport aux non-soudeurs. Le bas du dos est la partie du corps la plus touchée. La formation et l'éducation sanitaire des travailleurs sur l'effet négatif des symptômes musculo-squelettiques sur le corps, et la bonne posture à adopter au travail contribueraient grandement à réduire l'apparition de ces symptômes. Mots clés: Symptômes musculo-squelettiques, Soudeurs, Nigeria, Questionnaire nordique sur les troubles musculo-squelettiques.

Excessive use of electronic devices among children and adolescents is associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, visual symptoms, psychosocial health, and quality of life: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Electronic devices have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. The frequency and duration of device use in children and adolescents have increased drastically over the years and the study of its negative musculoskeletal, visual and psychosocial health impacts is necessary. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the associations between electronic device use and the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms, visual symptoms, psychosocial health, and quality of life in children and adolescents studying at primary and secondary schools. Data were collected through confidential online and paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Primary 4-5 and Secondary 1-4 students were recruited from 3 schools in Hong Kong. Demographics, frequency and duration of electronic device use, frequencies of musculoskeletal symptoms, visual symptoms, psychosocial health, and quality of life outcomes were measured. Results: 1,058 children and adolescents aged 9-17 years participated. Sixty-one percent and 78% of all students spent more than 2 h per day using electronic devices during school days and weekend/holidays, respectively. Extended electronic device use was associated with increased prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms (ρ's = 0.28-0.33, P's < 0.001), visual symptoms (ρ's = 0.33-0.35, P's < 0.001), and poorer device use-related psychosocial health (ρ's = 0.38-0.47, P's < 0.001). Secondary school students reported greater device use and severity of symptoms than primary school students. Conclusion: Excessive electronic device use was associated with increased prevalence and severity of physical and psychosocial symptoms, and such use is more prevalent in adolescents when compared to the children. The findings have important health implications for children and adolescents, suggesting that early intervention is needed to reduce the risk of developing device use-related disorders.

Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among Saudi radiologists: a cross-sectional multi-centre study.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are common health problems worldwide. Several factors cause these symptoms, including ergonomics and other individual considerations. Computer users are prone to repetitive strain injuries that increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). Radiologists are susceptible to developing MSS because they work long hours analysing medical images on computers in an increasingly digitalised field. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of MSS among Saudi radiologists and the associated risk factors. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional, non-interventional, self-administered online survey. The study was conducted on 814 Saudi radiologists from various regions in Saudi Arabia. The study's outcome was the presence of MSS in any body region that limited participation in routine activities over the previous 12 months. The results were descriptively examined using binary logistic regression analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of participants who had disabling MSS in the previous 12 months. All university, public, and private radiologists received an online survey containing questions about work surroundings, workload (e.g., spent at a computer workstation), and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of MSS among the radiologists was 87.7%. Most of the participants (82%) were younger than 40 years of age. Radiography and computed tomography were the most common imaging modalities that caused MSS (53.4% and 26.8%, respectively). The most common symptoms were neck pain (59.3%) and lower back pain (57.1%). After adjustment, age, years of experience, and part-time employment were significantly associated with increased MSS (OR = .219, 95% CI = .057-.836; OR = .235, 95% CI = 087-.634; and OR = 2.673, 95% CI = 1.434-4.981, respectively). Women were more likely to report MSS than males (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.327-3.377). CONCLUSIONS: MSS are common among Saudi radiologists, with neck pain and lower back pain being the most frequently reported symptoms. Gender, age, years of experience, type of imaging modality, and employment status were the most common associated risk factors for developing MSS. These findings are vital for the development of interventional plans to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in clinical radiologists.

A gene risk score using missense variants in SLCO1B1 is associated with earlier onset statin intolerance.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The efficacy of statin therapy is hindered by intolerance to the therapy, leading to discontinuation. Variants in SLCO1B1, which encodes the hepatic transporter OATB1B1, influence statin pharmacokinetics, resulting in altered plasma concentrations of the drug and its metabolites. Current pharmacogenetic guidelines require sequencing of the SLCO1B1 gene, which is more expensive and less accessible than genotyping. In this study, we aimed to develop an easy, clinically implementable functional gene risk score (GRS) of common variants in SLCO1B1 to identify patients at risk of statin intolerance. METHODS AND RESULTS: A GRS was developed from four common variants in SLCO1B1. In statin users from Tayside, Scotland, UK, those with a high-risk GRS had increased odds across three phenotypes of statin intolerance [general statin intolerance (GSI): ORGSI 2.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-4.31, P = 0.003; statin-related myopathy: ORSRM 2.51; 95% CI: 1.28-4.53, P = 0.004; statin-related suspected rhabdomyolysis: ORSRSR 2.85; 95% CI: 1.03-6.65, P = 0.02]. In contrast, using the Val174Ala genotype alone or the recommended OATP1B1 functional phenotypes produced weaker and less reliable results. A meta-analysis with results from adjudicated cases of statin-induced myopathy in the PREDICTION-ADR Consortium confirmed these findings (ORVal174Ala 1.99; 95% CI: 1.01-3.95, P = 0.048; ORGRS 1.76; 95% CI: 1.16-2.69, P = 0.008). For those requiring high-dose statin therapy, the high-risk GRS was more consistently associated with the time to onset of statin intolerance amongst the three phenotypes compared with Val174Ala (GSI: HRVal174Ala 2.49; 95% CI: 1.09-5.68, P = 0.03; HRGRS 2.44; 95% CI: 1.46-4.08, P < 0.001). Finally, sequence kernel association testing confirmed that rare variants in SLCO1B1 are associated with the risk of intolerance (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that a GRS based on four common SLCO1B1 variants provides an easily implemented genetic tool that is more reliable than the current recommended practice in estimating the risk and predicting early-onset statin intolerance.

Investigation of the multi-component ergonomics intervention effects on improving musculoskeletal outcomes and speech communication: A case study in open-plan offices.

BACKGROUND: Office workers are at high risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) due to improper workstations. Open-plan bank office employees must communicate with bank clerks properly and perform financial activity precisely, but noise is a factor that disrupts their communication. Therefore, MSS and annoying noise are two of the main problems in open-plan offices. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of a multi-component intervention involving individual (employee ergonomics training) and physical (improvements in workstation design and work environment) ergonomic factors on musculoskeletal outcomes and speech communication in open-plan environments. METHODS: A preliminary survey was carried out to investigate the overall ergonomics problems, the tasks and time analysis, workstations setup, the prevalence of MSS (Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire), physical discomfort (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]), and posture (assessed by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment [RULA] method), environmental status (measurement of noise), and speech intelligibility (assessed by Speech Interference Level [SIL] method based on ISO 9921). The multi-component interventions were performed afterward based on the data collected. A baseline assessment and a 9-month follow-up assessment were conducted. RESULTS: The results showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints (shoulders, elbows, and low back), physical discomfort, and awkward working postures after the intervention. A considerable improvement was also found in speech intelligibility post-intervention. The post-intervention questionnaire survey also indicated that employees generally favored the redesigned workstations. CONCLUSION: The results support the effectiveness of implementing multi-component interventions in open-plan bank offices to improve musculoskeletal complaints and speech communication.

The association between adverse ergonomic factors and work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among medical staff in China: a cross-sectional study.

We investigated the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (WMSs) among medical staff and evaluated the associations of different levels of adverse ergonomic factors with WMSs. A total of 6099 Chinese medical staff were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire to assess the prevalence and risk factors of WMSs from June 2018 to December 2020. A prevalence rate of 57.5% was observed for WMSs among overall medical staffs, which mainly affected the neck (41.7%) and shoulder (33.5%). 'Keeping sitting for long hours very frequently' (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.53) was positively associated with WMSs in doctors, while 'keeping sitting for long hours occasionally' (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97) was identified as a protective factor of WMSs in nurses. The associations of adverse ergonomic factors, organisational factors, and environmental factors with WMSs were different among medical staff in different positions.Practitioner summary: We conducted a multi-city study concerning the risk factors of WMSs by carrying out a face-to-face one-to-multiple questionnaire survey among medical staff in China. As a risk factor of WMSs in medical staff, adverse ergonomic factors should be paid more attention by the standard setting department and policy makers.Abbreviations: WMSDs: work-related musculoskeletal disorders; WMSs: work-related musculoskeletal symptoms; MSDs: musculoskeletal disorders; NMQ: Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaires; DMQ: Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaires; NIOSH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; ORs: odds ratios.

Neck and Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Symptoms Secondary to Maladaptive Postures Caused by Cell Phones and Backpacks in School-Aged Children and Adolescents.

Technology is an essential part of our lives. Nowadays, it is almost impossible to leave the house without a cell phone. Despite the wide range of benefits of cell phones and handheld electronic devices, this evolution of technology has not come without a price. The pandemic of cell phone use among children and young adolescents has led to the emergence of a set of musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms that have not been seen before in this age group. These symptoms can range from neck and shoulder discomfort to pain, peripheral neurological symptoms of the upper extremity, and long-term complications such as disk prolapse and degenerative disk disease of the cervical spine. This clinical presentation is known as "text neck syndrome." In addition to MSK symptoms, text neck syndrome could also include eye and ear symptoms, psychological problems, peripheral neurological symptoms, and poor academic performance. Multiple mechanisms have been discussed by which cell phone use causes MSK symptoms. Maladaptive postures, a decrease in physical activity leading to obesity, and the direct effect of electromagnetic radiation are some of the mechanisms by which long-term use of cell phones leads to the clinical presentation of text neck syndrome and its long-term consequences. The purpose of this article is to review the literature, discuss the epidemiology of cell phone use and MSK symptoms associated with its use in children and adolescents, describe its clinical presentation, explain the pathophysiology behind it, and provide preventative guidelines that can be used by this age group to allow for the continued use of these electronics without harmful effects on their posture and long-term health.

Relationship between Locomotive Syndrome and Musculoskeletal Pain and Generalized Joint Laxity in Young Chinese Adults.

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of locomotive syndrome (LS) and to examine the relationship of LS with musculoskeletal symptoms (pain, generalized joint laxity (GJL)) in young Chinese adults. Our study population (n = 157; mean age of 19.8 ± 1.2 years) comprises college student residents at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. Three screening methods were used to evaluate LS: 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25), a two-step test, and a stand-up test. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed by self-report and visual analog scale (VAS), and joint body laxity was evaluated using the GJL test. The prevalence of LS was 21.7% of all participants. Musculoskeletal pain affected 77.8% of the college students with LS and was strongly associated with LS. A total of 55.0% of college students with LS had four or more site joints that were positive for GJL, and higher scores of GJL were associated with a higher prevalence rate of LS. Young Chinese college students have a relatively high prevalence of LS, and musculoskeletal pain and GJL were significantly related to LS. The present results suggest that we need early screening of musculoskeletal symptoms and LS health education in young adults to prevent the mobility limitations of LS in the future.

Assessing the impact of job demands and hazardous workload activities on musculoskeletal symptoms in stone, sand, and gravel mining operations.

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associated musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) are problematic in stone, sand, and gravel mining. Research is needed to explore relationships between job demands, work-related hazards and MSS. OBJECTIVE: An exploratory study was conducted in Indiana during 2019-2020 to examine associations between job demands, work-related hazards and MSS. METHODS: Through convenience sampling, cross-sectional survey data from 459 workers were collected and analyzed using logistic multiple and binary logistic regression methods. Outcome variables were MSS to the low back, neck/shoulder, and wrist/hand. Predictor variables and MSS measures are based on the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. RESULTS: Increased odds of low back MSS were related to dynamic loads (OR = 2.14), pushing/pulling heavy loads (OR = 1.56), torso bending or twisting (OR = 2.36), bent, stooped, or twisted posture (OR = 2.04), uncomfortable postures (OR = 2.07), repetition (OR = 1.67) and vibrating tools (OR = 1.81). Increased odds of neck/shoulder MSS were related to dynamic loads (OR = 1.83), static loads (OR = 1.24), heavy lifting (OR = 1.50), pushing/pulling heavy loads (OR = 1.68), bending or twisting of the neck (OR = 1.82), twisted neck posture (OR = 1.77) and uncomfortable postures (OR = 1.81). Increased odds of wrist/hand MSS were related to dynamic loads (OR = 2.06), static loads (OR = 1.45), bending or twisting of the wrists/hands (OR = 10.52), extended reaching (OR = 3.05), repetition (OR = 5.25), awkward postures (OR = 4.47), working above shoulder level (OR = 2.47), and vibrating tools (OR = 1.78). CONCLUSION: Hazards that increased the likelihood of MSS were identified. These hazards should be abated or controlled to prevent MSDs in stone, sand, and gravel mining. More applied research, including ergonomic assessments to further identify hazards that can be controlled or abated, is warranted.

Ergonomics of E-Learning Workstations and the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders-Study among University Students.

The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) has increased significantly in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a fundamental change in the lifestyles, ways of learning and working patterns of the general population, which in turn, might lead to health consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conditions of e-learning and the impact of the learning modality on the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms among university students in Poland. This cross-sectional study included 914 students who completed an anonymous questionnaire. The questions covered two time periods (before and during the COVID-19 pandemic) and were aimed at obtaining information about lifestyle (including physical activity using the modified International Physical Activity Questionnaire, 2007 (IPAQ), perceived stress and sleep patterns), the ergonomics of computer workstations (by Rapid Office Strain Assessment, 2012 (ROSA) method), the incidence and severity of musculoskeletal symptoms (by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, 2018 (NMQ)) and headaches. The main differences between the two periods were statistically significant according to the Wilcoxon test in terms of physical activity, computer use time, and severity of headaches. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in MSD (68.2% vs. 74.6%) and their intensity (2.83 ± 2.36 vs. 3.50 ± 2.79 points) among the student population (p < 0.001). In the group of students with MSD, there was a high musculoskeletal load, due to the lack of ergonomic remote learning workstations. In future, a thorough study should be carried out, and there is an urgent need to raise students' awareness of arranging learning workstations according to ergonomic principles in order to prevent the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems.

Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Bahrain.

Objectives. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among nurses in Bahrain and determine the factors that contribute to the occurrence of these symptoms. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a convenience sample of 550 nurses working in three hospitals in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months was assessed using the self-administered Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). Results. A total of 550 nurses participated in the study. Most were females (n = 488, 89.1%) between 31 and 40 years of age (n = 239, 43.8%). The overall self-reported prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints of all joints in the past 12 months was 88.1%. The highest prevalence was in the lower back (72.3%), followed by the shoulder (52.8%) and the neck (49%). The lowest prevalence was the elbow (12.1%). The prevalence of lower back symptoms was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), coexisting medical conditions (p < 0.001), area of practice (p < 0.001), number of tasks (p < 0.001) and types of shifts (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The findings indicate a high prevalence of symptoms among nurses. There is a need to implement strategies in healthcare facilities to improve working environment conditions and reduce the prevalence rate.