Caracterización morfométrica nuclear de glándulas mamarias sanas en mujeres adultas mayores

Introducción: Las glándulas mamarias son órganos que durante las diferentes etapas de la vida en la mujer sufren modificaciones, donde se involucran los procesos de proliferación, diferenciación y apoptosis, bajo el control hormonal. Sin embargo, una vez que cesan dichas influencias hormonales ocurren cambios que llevan a la involución de dicho órgano. Objetivo: Caracterizar el factor de forma, perímetro, área y volumen de los núcleos de las células epiteliales glandulares mamarias. Métodos: Para caracterizar las glándulas mamarias sanas en mujeres de 60 años y más, se realizó un estudio de serie de casos en 14 mujeres fallecidas que no tenían lesiones benignas o malignas del órgano. Todas examinadas por el departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Provincial Vladimir Ilich Lenin en Holguín, en el período comprendido de septiembre 2018 a septiembre 2019. Para mejor valoración, la muestra de estudio se dividió en dos grupos de edades: de 60-75 años de edad y mayores de 75 años. Resultados: Tanto el factor de forma como el perímetro, área y volumen de los núcleos de las células epiteliales de los conductos mamarios son menores en las mujeres mayores de 75 años. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias notables en los indicadores morfométricos estudiados en ambos grupos de edades. Específicamente el tamaño y la forma de los núcleos de células epiteliales se ven afectados con la edad, lo cual se corresponde con la baja actividad metabólica de las células epiteliales mamarias en esta etapa de la vida.

Introduction: The mammary glands are organs that during the different stages of life in women undergo modifications, where the processes of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis are involved, under hormonal control. However, once these hormonal influences cease, changes occur that lead to the involution of said organ. Objective: To determine the shape factor, perimeter, area and volume of the nuclei of glandular epithelial cells. Methods: To characterize healthy mammary glands in women aged 60 years and older, a case series study was conducted on 14 deceased women who had no benign or malignant lesions of the organ. All examined by the Department of Pathological Anatomy of the Provincial Hospital V.I. Lenin in Holguín, in the period between September, 2018 - September, 2019. For a better assessment, the study sample was divided into two age groups: from 60 to 75 years of age; age and older than 75 years. Results: Both the shape factor and the perimeter, area and volume of the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the mammary ducts are lower in women older than 75 years. Conclusions: There are notable differences in the morphometric indicators studied. Epithelial cell nuclei are affected with age, which corresponds to the low metabolic activity of mammary epithelial cells at this stage of life.

Assessment and comparison of nuclear changes seen in gingivitis and periodontitis using fluorescent microscopy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to observe the evolution of genotoxicity (micronucleation, binucleation and multinucleation) from normal to periodontally compromised gingival epithelium (gingivitis and periodontitis) and to compare the severity of damage. METHODS AND MATERIAL: 45 participants formed 3 different categories; a control group of 15 healthy subjects, 15 subjects with gingivitis and 15 with chronic periodontitis. Smears were collected from all the gingiva and stained with acridine orange stain. A total of 500 cells were evaluated under fluorescent microscopy for nuclear abnormalities such as micronuclei, binucleation and multinucleation. The statistical analysis used was one way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A statistically significant difference was observed when the age of the 3 groups were compared (p=0.002); the control group were younger than those with chronic periodontitis or gingivitis. With respect to genotoxic changes, the differences for binucleation (p=0.002) and multinucleation (p<0.001) were statistically significant thus suggesting advanced damage in the nucleus. Such changes in genotoxicity could be of help to a clinician in determining prognosis.

Parámetros morfométricos de la mucosa en pacientes portadores de leucoplasia bucal con displasia epitelial / Morphometric parameters of the mucosa in patients that carry oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia

La leucoplasia bucal es la lesión premaligna más frecuente, puede presentarse con displasia epitelial, que es el rasgo más importante de sus diversos cambios histopatológicos. Los métodos morfométricos y estereológicos permiten complementar el análisis histopatológico convencional de la displasia epitelial.Objetivo: caracterizar las lesiones de la mucosa con leucoplasia bucal según grado de displasia epitelial a través de indicadores morfométricos y estereológicos.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. El universo lo conformaron 68 biopsias de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de leucoplasia y la muestra fue de 15 biopsias de leucoplasias displásicas, en las que se analizaron parámetros morfométricos y estereológicos.Resultados: se encontró que la altura de las crestas epiteliales y la altura del epitelio aumentan a medida que avanza el grado de la displasia epitelial. El valor promedio y su desviación estándar del factor de forma en la displasia ligera fue de 0,86 ± 0,08, en la displasia moderada fue de 0,88 ± 0,09 y en la displasia severa fue de 0,85 ± 0,11. El promedio y la desviación estándar del volumen nuclear y la densidad de perfiles nucleares epiteliales descienden al aumentar la displasia.Conclusiones: a partir del análisis de las variables analizadas en esta investigación podemos sugerir el estudio y la evaluación de la posibilidad de la existencia de algún modelo de relación volumen nuclear-perfiles nucleares-altura del epitelio como instrumento para determinar el comportamiento de la displasia (AU)

Oral leukoplakia is the most frequent premalignant lesion; it can appear with epithelial dysplasia that is the most important feature of its various histopathological changes. Morphometric and stereological methods allow complementing the conventional histopathological analysis of epithelial dysplasia.Objective: to characterize the lesions of the mucosa with oral leukoplakia according to the degree of epithelial dysplasia through morphometric and stereological indicators.Method: a descriptive, observational study was conducted. The universe was composed of 68 biopsies from patients with a histopathological and clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia; the sample was composed of 15 biopsies from patients with dysplastic leukoplakias in which morphometric and stereological parameters were analyzed.Results: it was found that as the degree of epithelial dysplasia becomes greater, the more the height of the epithelial crest and the height of the epithelium rise. The average value and its standard deviation of the shape factor in minor dysplasia was of 0.86 ± 0.08, in moderate dysplasia was of 0.88 ± 0.09, and in serious dysplasia was of 0.85 ± 0.11. As the dysplasia becomes greater, the average and the standard deviation of the nuclear volume and the density of epithelial nuclear profile decrease.Conclusions: from the analysis of the variables through this investigation, we can suggest the study and evaluation of the possibility of the existence of a model of nuclear volume-nuclear profile-height of the epithelium relation, as an instrument to determine the behavior of dysplasia (AU)

Parámetros morfométricos de la mucosa en pacientes portadores de leucoplasia bucal con displasia epitelial / Morphometric parameters of the mucosa in patients that carry oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia

Fundamento: la leucoplasia bucal es la lesión premaligna más frecuente, puede presentarse con displasia epitelial, que es el rasgo más importante de sus diversos cambios histopatológicos. Los métodos morfométricos y estereológicos permiten complementar el análisis histopatológico convencional de la displasia epitelial. Objetivo: caracterizar las lesiones de la mucosa con leucoplasia bucal según grado de displasia epitelial a través de indicadores morfométricos y estereológicos. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. El universo lo conformaron 68 biopsias de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de leucoplasia y la muestra fue de 15 biopsias de leucoplasias displásicas, en las que se analizaron parámetros morfométricos y estereológicos. Resultados: se encontró que la altura de las crestas epiteliales y la altura del epitelio aumentan a medida que avanza el grado de la displasia epitelial. El valor promedio y su desviación estándar del factor de forma en la displasia ligera fue de 0,86 ± 0,08, en la displasia moderada fue de 0,88 ± 0,09 y en la displasia severa fue de 0,85 ± 0,11. El promedio y la desviación estándar del volumen nuclear y la densidad de perfiles nucleares epiteliales descienden al aumentar la displasia. Conclusiones: a partir del análisis de las variables analizadas en esta investigación podemos sugerir el estudio y la evaluación de la posibilidad de la existencia de algún modelo de relación volumen nuclear-perfiles nucleares-altura del epitelio como instrumento para determinar el comportamiento de la displasia.

Background: oral leukoplakia is the most frequent premalignant lesion; it can appear with epithelial dysplasia that is the most important feature of its various histopathological changes. Morphometric and stereological methods allow complementing the conventional histopathological analysis of epithelial dysplasia. Objective: to characterize the lesions of the mucosa with oral leukoplakia according to the degree of epithelial dysplasia through morphometric and stereological indicators. Method: a descriptive, observational study was conducted. The universe was composed of 68 biopsies from patients with a histopathological and clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia; the sample was composed of 15 biopsies from patients with dysplastic leukoplakias in which morphometric and stereological parameters were analyzed. Results: it was found that as the degree of epithelial dysplasia becomes greater, the more the height of the epithelial crest and the height of the epithelium rise. The average value and its standard deviation of the shape factor in minor dysplasia was of 0.86 ± 0.08, in moderate dysplasia was of 0.88 ± 0.09, and in serious dysplasia was of 0.85 ± 0.11. As the dysplasia becomes greater, the average and the standard deviation of the nuclear volume and the density of epithelial nuclear profile decrease. Conclusions: from the analysis of the variables through this investigation, we can suggest the study and evaluation of the possibility of the existence of a model of nuclear volume-nuclear profile-height of the epithelium relation, as an instrument to determine the behavior of dysplasia.

Estudio histomorfométrico del núcleo celular del carcinoma papilar de tiroides / Histomorphometric study of the cellular nucleus of the thyroid papillary carcinoma

Se realizó una evaluación morfométrica del carcinoma papilar tiroideo, con el objetivo de identificar posibles indicadores morfométricos que contribuyan a precisar su diagnóstico histológico. Se estudiaron 32 biopsias diagnosticadas en el Hospital Universitario “Celestino Hernández Robau”, de Santa Clara. Se determinaron las variables morfométricas nucleares: área, perímetro, radio y factor de forma, utilizando el programa de computación COMSDI PLUS versión 1.0. El carcinoma papilar en sus variantes hísticas no clásicas (folicular, oxífila y esclerosante difusa) presentaron valores más elevados del área, perímetro y radio nuclear, mientras que el carcinoma papilar, en su variante clásica, mostró un valor mayor de factor de forma. El estudio de correlación entre las variables estudiadas, en ambas variantes hísticas, no mostró similitud en sus resultados.

A morphometric evaluation of thyroid papillary carcinoma was carried out, with the objective of identifying possible morphometric parameters that contribute to precise its histological diagnosis. A number of 32 diagnosed biopsies of the University Hospital “Celestino Hernández Robau”, from Santa Clara were studied. Nuclear morphometric variables were determined, such as, area, perimeter, range and shape factor, by means of COMSDI PLUS version 1.0 computing program. Papillary carcinoma in its non classical histological variants (follicular, oxyphilic and diffuse sclerosing) showed more elevated values in area, perimeter and nuclear range, while, papillary carcinoma, in its classical variant, showed a high value in shape factor. The correlation study between studied variables did not showed similarity in its results in both histological variants.

Cold stress effects on cardiomyocytes nuclear size in rats: light microscopic evaluation / Efeitos do estresse pelo frio sobre o tamanho nuclear do cardiomiócito em ratos: avaliação por microscopia de luz

INTRODUÇÃO: Hipotermia corporal induzida e resfriamento do miocárdio são métodos efetivos em relação à proteção domiocárdio durante cirurgias cardíacas e isquemia. É descrito na literatura que a exposição a temperaturas extremamente baixas causa comprometimentos de miofilamentos e de cristas mitocondriais em cardiomiócitos, entretanto, nenhum estudo analisou os efeitos do estresse pelo frio no tamanho do núcleo dos cardiomiócios. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os efeitos do estresse agudo pelo frio sobre o tamanho do núcleo dos cardiomiócitos. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado em ratos Wistar adultos, pesando 300-310g (n=20). Os ratos foram divididos em dois grupos: 1) Controle (CON) e; 2) Hipotermia induzido (IH). Os animais do grupo IH foram expostos a uma temperatura controlada de -8ºC, durante 4 horas uma única vez. Foi realizada análise histológica de fígados e glândulas adrenais para examinar a condição de estresse. O tamanho do núcleo dos cardiomiócitos foi examinado por três investigadores independentes com o mesmo critério padronizado e posteriormente analisado pelo coeficiente de correlação de Bartko (R>0,75=concordância positiva). Teste t de Student foi aplicado. O nível de significância foi considerado como P<0,05. RESULTADOS: O grupo exposto ao estresse pelo frio apresentou maior depleção de lipídio nas glândulas adrenais (P<0,05) e de glicogênio no fígado (P<0,05). O grupo induzido à hipotermia mostrou menor volume do núcleo de seus cardiomiócitos (108 + 1,7 µm³; P<0,05), reduziu em 76 por cento comparado ao grupo controle (142 + 2,3 µm³). Correlação de Bartko: CON=0,44; IH=0,96, a variação entre a média dos grupos foi significativamente diferente. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que a exposição ao estresse agudo pelo frio induz redução do núcleo dos cardiomiócitos em ratos.

INTRODUCTION: Total body induced hypothermia and myocardial cooling are effective methods regarding myocardial protection during heart surgery and ischemia. It is described in previous studies that extreme low temperature exposure causes mitochondrial cristae and myofilament disarrangement in cardiomyocytes, however, no investigation has analyzed the effects of cold stress on nuclear size of cardiomyocytes. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of acute cold stress exposure on the nuclear size of cardiomyocytes in rats. METHODS: The experimental study procedures were performed on 300-310g adult male Wistar rats. Rats (n=20) were divided into two groups: 1) Control (CON) and; 2) Induced hypothermic (IH) group. Animals of IH group were exposed during 4 hours once at a controlled temperature of - 8ºC. It was performed histological analysis of liver and adrenal gland to examine the stress condition of animals. Cardiomyocytes nucleus size were examined by three independent investigators with the same and standardized criteria and analyzed by Bartko's intra-class correlation coefficient (R>0.75 = positive concordance). Student's t test was applied. The significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: The induced hypothermic group presented higher lipid depletion in adrenal gland cells (P<0.05) and higher glycogen depletion in liver glycogen (P<0.05). The experimental group showed lower cardiomyocytes nuclear volume (108 + 1.7 µm³; P<0.05), it decreased in 76 percent compared to the control group (142 + 2.3 µm³). Bartko's correlation: CON=0.44; IH=0.96, variation analysis between group's means differences was significant. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that acute cold stress exposure induces cardiomyocytes nucleus size reduction in rats.