The paradox of growing technical capacities with low global governance: a review of Voluntary National Reviews' SDG health-related indicators.

BACKGROUND: This study delves into the States' accountability for health-related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators from 2016 to 2020. An analysis of Voluntary National Reviews (VNR) is employed as an instrument to scrutinize the alignment of States' indicators with the global indicator framework, shedding light on global health governance within the context of the 2030 Agenda and States' strategic prioritization. A curation of 60 health-related indicators from 195 VNRs, produced during the aforementioned period, is organized into thematic groups. RESULTS: Our results highlight a concerning discrepancy in the reporting frequency of various health-related themes. The findings reveal a paradoxical coexistence characterized by the concurrent strengthening and diminution of the global health governance articulated in the Agenda's global health governance. This manifests in the increased utilization and consistency of health-related indicators over the study years, coupled with an emphasis on infectious diseases and child and maternal health indicators. Conversely, a discernible governance decline is evidenced by the inadequate representation of health-related indicators in VNRs, notably within the domains of universal health coverage and health system indicators. Furthermore, High-Income States exhibit diminished accountability. CONCLUSIONS: The VNRs unveil a paradox wherein burgeoning technical capacity coexists with governance deficits, a phenomenon attributable to both statistical capabilities and political preferences. The prevalent use of proxy indicators in VNRs oversimplifies the presentation of official indicators, thereby compromising the aspirational goal of pioneering statistical innovations for measuring intricate issues in the SDGs. In light of our conceptualization of the 2030 Agenda's global health as a regime complex governance, we advocate for comprehensive investigations into each health regime cluster. This approach aims to unravel disputes, discern patterns, and elucidate States' preferences concerning specific thematic areas. Functioning as an accountability mechanism for the Agenda's governance, VNRs underscore States' adaptability and short-term learning capabilities, offering valuable insights for identifying harmful goal prioritization. The discretionary nature of indicator selection by States in the VNRs, enabled by the Agenda's proposition of a contextual adaptation of the SDGs and a blind eye to the guideline's request to review all SDG indicators, highlights a critical flaw in the VNR as an accountability mechanism.

Liver transplant allocation policies and outcomes in United States: A comprehensive review.

Liver transplant allocation policies in the United States has evolved over 3 decades. The donor liver organs are matched, allocated and procured by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network which is administered by the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS), a not-for-profit organization governed by the United States human health services. We reviewed the evolution of liver transplant allocation policies. Prior to 2002, UNOS used Child-Turcotte-Pugh score to list and stratify patients for liver transplantation (LT). After 2002, UNOS changed its allocation policy based on model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. The serum sodium is the independent indicator of mortality risk in patients with chronic liver disease. The priority assignment of MELD-sodium score resulted in LT and prevented mortality on waitlist. MELD-Sodium score was implemented for liver allocation policy in 2016. Prior to the current and most recent policy, livers from adult donors were matched first to the status 1A/1B patients located within the boundaries of the UNOS regions and donor-service areas (DSA). We reviewed the disadvantages of the DSA-based allocation policies and the advantages of the newest acuity circle allocation model. We then reviewed the standard and non-standard indications for MELD exceptions and the decision-making process of the National Review Liver Review Board. Finally, we reviewed the liver transplant waitlist, donation and survival outcomes in the United States.

Focal points for sustainable development strategies-Text mining-based comparative analysis of voluntary national reviews.

Countries have to work out and follow tailored strategies for the achievement of their Sustainable Development Goals. At the end of 2018, more than 100 voluntary national reviews were published. The reviews are transformed by text mining algorithms into networks of keywords to identify country-specific thematic areas of the strategies and cluster countries that face similar problems and follow similar development strategies. The analysis of the 75 VNRs has shown that SDG5 (gender equality) is the most discussed goal worldwide, as it is discussed in 77% of the analysed Voluntary National Reviews. The SDG8 (decent work and economic growth) is the second most studied goal, With 76 %, while the SDG1 (no poverty) is the least focused goal, it is mentioned only in 48 % of documents and the SDG10 (reduced inequalities) in 49 %. The results demonstrate that the proposed benchmark tool is capable of highlighting what kind of activities can make significant contributions to achieve sustainable developments.

Cooperação, comportamentos proativos ou simplesmente cidadania organizacional? Uma revisão da produção nacional na área / Cooperation, proactive behaviors, or simply organizational citizenship? A review of Brazilian production in the area / Cooperación, conductas proactivas o simplemente ciudadanía organizacional? Una revisión de la producción nacional en el área

O conceito de cidadania organizacional guarda uma história teórica de 37 anos e uma empírica de 31, e sua importância é destacada por pesquisadores e profissionais internacionalmente. Nos anos 2000, aumentaram os números de metanálises internacionais abordando o tema, de artigos revisados por essas metanálises e de estudos de cidadania organizacional como um construto multidimensional. Tendo em vista o histórico e o volume de produção, este artigo buscou revisar a produção de artigos empíricos nacionais em cidadania organizacional de 1996 a 2013. Foram encontrados apenas oito artigos em cinco dos 14 periódicos avaliados das áreas de administração e psicologia. Dos artigos encontrados, 75% ocupou-se do estudo de cidadania organizacional como um construto único composto por cinco dimensões, e foram utilizadas duas diferentes escalas para mensurá-lo. Os resultados da revisão sugerem que o número de publicações brasileiras na área precisa aumentar, assim como o uso de diferentes técnicas de coleta de dados e pesquisas que avaliem a relação entre cidadania organizacional e seus consequentes.

The term Organizational Citizenship holds a theoretical history of 37 years and an empirical history of 31 years. Its importance is highlighted by researchers and professionals internationally. In the decade of 2000, the number of international meta-analyses addressing the issue increased, as well as the number of articles reviewed in these meta-analyses and the study of Organizational Citizenship as a multidimensional construct. Given the history and the volume of international production on the theme, this article sought to review the Brazilian production of empirical articles about Organizational Citizenship from 1996 to 2013. Only eight articles were found in five of the 14 journals on Administration and Psychology evaluated. Three quarters of the articles studied Organizational Citizenship as a single construct composed of five dimensions. In these articles,two different scales were used to measure it. The review results suggest that the number of Brazilian publications in the area needs to increase, as well as the use of different data collection and research techniques to assess the relationship between Organizational Citizenship and its consequents.

La expresión Ciudadanía Organizacional tiene una historia teórica de 37 años y una historia empírica de 31 años y su importancia es destacada por investigadores y profesionales a nivel internacional. En los años 2000, se incrementó el número de meta-análisis que abordan el tema, así como el número de artículos revisados en este tipo de trabajo y el estudio de ciudadanía organizacional como un constructo multidimensional. Teniendo en cuenta la historia y el volumen de la producción internacional sobre el tema, este artículo buscó revisar la producción nacional de artículos empíricos sobre Ciudadanía Organizacional desde 1996 hasta 2013. Sólo ocho artículos fueron encontrados en cinco de las 14 revistas de Administración y Psicología evaluadas.De los artículos encontrados, 75% estudiaron el tema Ciudadanía Organizacional como un único constructo compuesto de cinco dimensiones. En estos artículos, se utilizaron dos escalas diferentes para medirlo. Los resultados de la revisión sugieren que el número de publicaciones brasileñas en el área debe aumentar, así como el uso de diferentes técnicas de colecta de datos y de investigación que evaluen la relación entre la ciudadanía organizacional y sus consecuentes.