RESUMO
This study assessed the potential of eugenol and the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) in providing suitable anesthetic induction and recovery times, and their consequent effects on the blood and respiratory physiology, as well as the gill architecture of an Amazonian freshwater stingray, Potamotrygon wallacei, shortly after reaching the recovery and 48 h later. Juveniles of P. wallacei were exposed to increasing concentrations of eugenol (75, 100, 125, and 150 µL L-1) and EOLA (150, 175, 200, and 225 µL L-1) in an immersion bath. Anesthetic induction was found to be faster with the use of eugenol compared to EOLA. On the other hand, the stingrays anesthetized with eugenol displayed a longer recovery time than those exposed to EOLA. The highest concentrations of eugenol caused moderate to severe histological changes in the gills. No significant changes were found for hematocrit and plasma energy metabolites in the stingrays anesthetized with all concentrations of both eugenol and EOLA shortly after reaching the recovery from the ansthesia, when compared to those recovered after 48 h. Investigations regarding the potential use of these natural anesthetics are unprecedented for freshwater stingray species, and 200 µL L-1 EOLA is recommended as the most suitable anesthetic for use in juveniles of P. wallacei.
Assuntos
Anestésicos , Eugenol , Lippia , Óleos Voláteis , Rajidae , Anestésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Eugenol/farmacologia , Água Doce , Lippia/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to investigate the sedative and anesthetic properties of essential oils (EOs) in map treefrog tadpoles (Hypsiboas geographicus) and to determine the sedation and deep anesthesia induction times as well as the recovery time. The tadpoles were exposed to one of the EOs from three plant species: Aniba rosaeodora (EOAR - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), Lippia origanoides (EOLO - 13, 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1), and Lippia alba (either chemotype citral [EOL-C - 25, 50, 100 or 200µL L-1] or linalool [EOL-L - 50, 75, 100 or 200µL L-1]) (n = 8 per replicate). The tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50µL L-1 EOL-C and EOL-L, respectively, were not anesthetized within 30min (the maximum time of observation), and those exposed to 200µL L-1 EOLO did not recover within 30min. Sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery times showed a concentration-dependent relationship for all EOs tested, with the exception of the recovery with EOLO. The results allowed concluding that all investigated EOs can be used to anesthetize tadpoles of H. geographicus, but the use of EOLO must not exceed 100µL L-1.
RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as propriedades sedativas e anestésicas de óleos essenciais (OEs) em girinos da perereca Hypsiboas geographicus e determinar os tempos de indução à sedação e anestesia profunda, bem como o de recuperação. Os girinos foram expostos a um dos OEs de três espécies de plantas: Aniba rosaeodora (OEAR - 25, 50, 100 ou 200µL L-1), Lippia origanoides (OELO - 13, 25, 50, 100 ou 200µL L-1 ) ou Lippia alba quimiotipos citral (OEL-C - 25, 50, 100 ou 200µL L-1) ou linalol (OEL-L - 50, 75, 100 ou 200µL L-1) (n = 8 cada repetição). Girinos expostos a 25 e 50µL L-1 OEL-C e OEL-L, respectivamente, não foram anestesiados dentro de 30min (tempo máximo de observação) e aqueles expostos a 200µL L-1 OELO não recuperaram dentro de 30min. Os tempos de sedação, anestesia profunda e recuperação apesentaram uma relação concentração-resposta para todos os OEs testadas, exceto a recuperação com OELO. Os resultados permitem concluir que todos os OEs investigados podem ser usados para anestesiar os girinos de H. geographicus, mas o uso de OELO não deve ser superior a 100µL L-1.
RESUMO
The goal of this study was to investigate the sedative and anesthetic properties of essential oils (EOs) in map treefrog tadpoles (Hypsiboas geographicus) and to determine the sedation and deep anesthesia induction times as well as the recovery time. The tadpoles were exposed to one of the EOs from three plant species: Aniba rosaeodora (EOAR - 25, 50, 100 or 200μL L-1), Lippia origanoides (EOLO - 13, 25, 50, 100 or 200μL L-1), and Lippia alba (either chemotype citral [EOL-C - 25, 50, 100 or 200μL L-1] or linalool [EOL-L - 50, 75, 100 or 200μL L-1]) (n = 8 per replicate). The tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50μL L-1 EOL-C and EOL-L, respectively, were not anesthetized within 30min (the maximum time of observation), and those exposed to 200μL L-1 EOLO did not recover within 30min. Sedation, deep anesthesia and recovery times showed a concentration-dependent relationship for all EOs tested, with the exception of the recovery with EOLO. The results allowed concluding that all investigated EOs can be used to anesthetize tadpoles of H. geographicus, but the use of EOLO must not exceed 100μL L-1.(AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as propriedades sedativas e anestésicas de óleos essenciais (OEs) em girinos da perereca Hypsiboas geographicus e determinar os tempos de indução à sedação e anestesia profunda, bem como o de recuperação. Os girinos foram expostos a um dos OEs de três espécies de plantas: Aniba rosaeodora (OEAR - 25, 50, 100 ou 200μL L-1), Lippia origanoides (OELO - 13, 25, 50, 100 ou 200μL L-1 ) ou Lippia alba quimiotipos citral (OEL-C - 25, 50, 100 ou 200μL L-1) ou linalol (OEL-L - 50, 75, 100 ou 200μL L-1) (n = 8 cada repetição). Girinos expostos a 25 e 50μL L-1 OEL-C e OEL-L, respectivamente, não foram anestesiados dentro de 30min (tempo máximo de observação) e aqueles expostos a 200μL L-1 OELO não recuperaram dentro de 30min. Os tempos de sedação, anestesia profunda e recuperação apesentaram uma relação concentração-resposta para todos os OEs testadas, exceto a recuperação com OELO. Os resultados permitem concluir que todos os OEs investigados podem ser usados para anestesiar os girinos de H. geographicus, mas o uso de OELO não deve ser superior a 100μL L-1.(AU)