Fascitis nodular como causa de tumor lateral de cuello / Nodular fasciitis as cause of lateral neck tumor

RESUMEN La fascitis nodular es una neoplasia infrecuente y benigna que puede presentarse en los tejidos blandos de cualquier región del cuerpo y requerir tratamiento quirúrgico. Se describe aquí el caso de una mujer de 41 años con un tumor lateral de cuello que creció hasta 74,7 por 32,5 mm durante dos años. Bajo anestesia general se realizó la resección completa del tumor. El informe patológico informó una proliferación de miofibroblastos, compatible con fascitis nodular. La paciente evolucionó con un síndrome de Claude Bernard Horner homolateral, sin complicaciones locales y con una leve debilidad del brazo homolateral que recuperó luego de 60 días con kinesioterapia. Esta entidad debería ser considerada entre los diagnósticos diferenciales de un tumor lateral de cuello.

ABSTRACT Nodular fasciitis is a rare and benign neoplasm of the soft tissues that can occur in any region of the body and require surgical treatment. We report the case of a 41-year-old female patient with a lateral neck tumor which reached a size of 74.7 × 32.5 mm after two years. The tumor was completely removed under general anesthesia. The pathological examination reported proliferation of myofibroblasts, suggestive of nodular fasciitis. The patient evolved homolateral Claude Bernard Syndrome, without local complications and mild weakness of the ipsilateral arm which improved after 60 days with kinesiotherapy. This condition should be considered among the differential diagnoses of lateral neck tumors.

Pseudotumor fibroso calcificante de cuello en una paciente adolescente: reporte de caso / Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor of the neck in an teenager female patient: case report

RESUMEN: Introducción: El pseudotumor fibroso calcificante es un tumor benigno de tejidos blandos que aparece principalmente en niños y adultos jóvenes entre 20 y 30 años de edad, aún sin una etiología clara y definida. De distribución corporal variable, siendo relativamente poco común en el cuello. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente de 17 años con tumor en el cuello de rápido crecimiento que se manifestó con dolor moderado localizado, ronquido excesivo y dificultad respiratoria progresiva. Tratamiento: Se realiza resección completa del tumor localizado en hipofaringe, la cual confirma el diagnóstico histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico de pseudotumor fibroso calcificante. Conclusión: El pseudotumor fibroso calcificante de cuello es una patología benigna rara, con síntomas inespecíficos y muy probablemente, inducida porque el tumor comprime los tejidos circundantes. La resolución quirúrgica sigue siendo el Gold estándar (GS) en cuanto al tratamiento. El pronóstico postresección es bueno a largo plazo, con tasas bajas de recurrencias. Se discute la aproximación diagnóstica y terapéutica en un paciente adolescente comparado con lo descrito en la literatura.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor is a benign soft tissue tumor, appearing mainly in children and young adults between 20 and 30 years of age, still without a clear and defined etiology. It has a variable body distribution, being relatively uncommon in the neck. Case report: We present the case of a 17-year-old teenager female patient with a rapidly growing neck tumor, which manifested with moderate localized pain, excessive snoring and progressive respiratory distress. Treatment: Complete resection of the tumor located in the hypopharynx was performed, which confirmed the histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of calcifying fibrous pseudotumor. Conclusion: Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor of the neck is a benign pathology, rare with non-specific symptoms and most probably induced by the tumor compressing the surrounding tissues. Surgical resolution remains the gold standard for treatment. The prognosis after resection is good in the long term, with low recurrence rates. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach in this teenager patient is discussed compared to that described in the literature

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Total Rehabilitation of a Secondary Type Ameloblastic Carcinoma.

Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is an uncommon malignant odontogenic tumor, with about 200 cases published in the literature. Here, we report a case of AC occurring in the maxilla - at the same anatomical location of an ameloblastoma 8 years earlier. A 23-year-old woman with maxillary swelling of 6-month duration was referred to our service. Extraoral examination revealed a swelling over the right side of the face, lifting her lip and nose. Intraorally, a firm, reddish, nodular swelling involving the right maxilla was observed. Computed tomography showed a hypodense image invading the right maxilla, maxillary sinus, and nasal fossa. An incisional biopsy was performed, followed by histopathologic examination and an immunohistochemical panel, which led to the diagnosis of AC. The lesion was treated with partial maxillectomy followed by immediate rehabilitation. Neither local recurrence of the tumor nor distant metastasis was observed during a 4-year follow-up. AC is a highly malignant lesion which requires aggressive therapy. Its diagnosis should be based on combined clinical, imaging, and pathological manifestations in order to improve diagnostic accuracy.

In situ melanoma of oral cavity: Diagnosis and treatment of a rare entity.

Oral melanoma is an extremely aggressive and rare tumor. Commonly, oral melanomas are diagnosed as invasive tumors, which considerably reduces the chances of cure. In situ oral melanomas being exceedingly rare, which makes its clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics poorly known. Herein, we report a case of 67-year-old non-white woman with a large black patch on the maxillary alveolar mucosa. A biopsy was made and microscopical analysis revealed moderate atypical junctional melanocytic. Tumor cells were positive for S100 (Polyclonal), Melan-A (Clone A103) and Melanosome (HMB-45). The diagnosis of in situ oral melanoma was made and the patient was treated surgically with partial maxillectomy and rehabilitated with obturator prosthesis. Although extremely rare in situ melanomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of non-invasive pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa.

Alpha-hederin induces the apoptosis of oral cancer SCC-25 cells by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the head and neck. However, current treatments have numerous side effects, and drugs from natural sources may have better therapeutic potential. This research investigated the induction of apoptosis by α-hederin (α-HN), a constituent of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, in the oral cancer cell line SCC-25 and its underlying mechanism. RESULTS: SCC-25 cells were treated with 50, 100, and 200 µmol/L α-HN. Cell proliferation; extent of apoptosis; activities of caspases-3, 8, and 9; and the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, phosphorylated (p)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt, and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins were determined using the 3-(4,5)-2-thiazole-(2,5)-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, caspase activity detection kits, and western blot assays, respectively. The results showed that the proliferation of SCC-25 cells in the α-HN-treated groups decreased significantly, and the inhibitory effect was time and concentration dependent. Compared with cells in the control group, the extent of apoptosis increased significantly, caspase-3 and -9 activities were significantly enhanced, and the Bcl-2 level was lowered and the Bax level was elevated significantly in SCC-25 cells treated with α-HN for 48 h (P b 0.05). The expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR was also significantly lower in SCC-25 cells treated with α-HN than that in the control group (P b 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that α-HN can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of SCC-25 cells and may exert these effects by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Caracterización clinicoepidemiológica de los tumores de cabeza y cuello en niños y adolescentes desde 2000 hasta 2016 / Clinical epidemiological characterization of head and neck tumors in children and adolescents from 2000 to 2016

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de 23 pacientes con tumores de cabeza y cuello, atendidos en el Servicio de Oncología Pediátrica del Hospital Infantil Sur Docente Dr Antonio María Béguez César de Santiago de Cuba durante el período 2000-2016. En la casuística predominaron el grupo etario de 10-14 años (39,1 por ciento), el sexo masculino, la localización nasofaríngea (39,1 por ciento), el linfoma no Hodking y el carcinoma papilar como variedades histológicas, el estadio clínico III y el mayor número de pacientes diagnosticados en 2013 y 2014

A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 23 patients with head and neck tumors, assisted in the Oncology Pediatric Service of Dr Antonio María Béguez César Southern Teaching Children Hospital was carried out in Santiago de Cuba during 2000-2016. In the case material there was a prevalence of the 10-14 age group (39.1 percent), male sex, nasopharingeal localization (39.1 percen), non Hodking lymphoma and papillary carcinoma as histological varieties, phase III clinical stage and the highest number of patients diagnosed in 2013 and 2014