An attachment-based pilot program to promote adolescent adjustment to parental divorce.

The study aimed to assess the impact of an attachment-based intervention on adolescent adaptation to parental divorce. The Adolescent Adjustment Pilot Program to Parental Divorce (AAPPD) employed an experimental group format, targeting improvements in various adaptation indicators (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). The sample comprised 30 Chilean adolescents aged 12 to 16 (M = 13.6, SD = 1.35), with 60% females and 40% males. After the intervention, the adolescents showed a decrease in negative affect at 6 and 12 months. However, no differences were identified in other dimensions of subjective well-being considered as indicators of divorce adaptation. The findings prompt discussion on theoretical and clinical implications.

Interplay between alexithymia, emotion regulation, and positive and negative affect as predictors of gambling and gaming disorders in adolescents and young adults

Introduction/Objectives: Gambling and gaming disorder are usually comorbid addictive behaviours in which alexithymia and emotional regulation have been proved to be of relevance. The present study aimed to analyse the relationship between those variables and their differences depending on the presence or absence of gambling and gaming behaviours. Method: The sample consisted of 1,219 people between 12 and 20 years of age (M = 15.55, SD = 2.07; 51.8% females). Results: The results showed significant differences between players and non-players in gambling disorder, alexithymia and emotional regulation. The findings also indicated that there were differences in alexithymia, emotional regulation, negative affect, gambling disorder and gaming disorder among the different profiles of video game players. The comparison of participants with gaming disorder, gambling disorder, both, or neither of them, showed differences in alexithymia, emotional regulation, negative affect, gambling disorder and gaming disorder. Furthermore, correlations between gambling disorder and age, gaming disorder, negative affect, alexithymia and emotional regulation were found. Similarly, gaming dis-order was associated with gambling disorder, negative affect, alexithymia, emotional regulation and age. Conclusions: The hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated the predictive role of alexithymia and age in gambling disorder as well as the predictive role of age, sex and negative affect in gaming disorder.

Introducción/Objetivos: Los trastornos de juego y videojuego son conductas adictivas habitualmente comórbidas en las que se ha demostrado la relevancia de la alexitimia y la regulación emocional. Este estudio analiza la relación entre dichas variables y sus diferencias en función de la presencia o ausencia de conductas de juego y videojuego. Método: La muestra estuvo formada por 1219 personas de entre 12 y 20 años (M = 15.55, SD = 2.07; 51.8 % mujeres). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre jugadores y no jugadores en el juego patológico, la alexitimia y la regulación emocional. Los resultados también indicaron que había diferencias en alexitimia, regulación emocional, afecto negativo, trastorno de juego y videojuego entre los distintos perfiles de jugadores de videojuegos. La comparación de los participantes con trastorno de juego y videojuego, con ambos o con ninguno de ellos, mostró diferencias en la alexitimia, la regulación emocional, el afecto negativo, el trastorno de juego y videojuego. Además, se encontraron correlaciones entre el juego patológico y la edad, el trastorno por videojuego, el afecto negativo, la alexitimia y la regulación emocional. Del mismo modo, el trastorno por videojuego se asoció con el juego patológico, el afecto negativo, la alexitimia, la regulación emocional y la edad. Conclusiones: Los análisis de regresión jerárquica demostraron el papel predictivo de la alexitimia y la edad en el trastorno de juego y el papel predictivo de la edad, el sexo y el afecto negativo en el trastorno por videojuego.

Personality, negative affectivity and emotional intelligence: gender-differentiated relationships with physical exercise.

Introduction: Physical exercise is one of the most relevant lifestyle choices for the prevention of diseases; however, participation in this type of activity remains low. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the understanding of related psychological factors in men and women. Objective: To determine whether personality traits, emotional intelligence and negative affective are differentially related to physical exercise characteristics in men and women. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 579 physically active people (61.1% men) between 18 and 59 years of age. The Big Five Inventory (BFI-15p), Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale (EQ-i-M20), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used. Results: Compared with men, women exercised fewer days and minutes per week, had fewer years of participation and performed fewer different physical exercises. On the emotional intelligence scale, compared with men, women showed less stress management, adaptability and general mood but greater interpersonal intelligence. With regard to personality traits, compared with men, women showed greater openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. In males, heightened levels of general mood and extraversion were associated to a lasting commitment to physical exercise over time. Conversely, in females, depression was negatively associated with the years dedicated to physical exercise. Conclusion: Distinct approaches are essential for men and women, acknowledging the varied ways psychological factors are linked to physical exercise based on gender.

Parenting and the Development of Impulse Control in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: The Mediating Role of Negative Affect.

Parents are important for the development and maintenance of regulatory control. The current longitudinal study examined associations between parental coercion and autonomy support and impulse control in 117 youth (ages 8-16; Mage= 12.87, SD=2.53; 44% male) with Type 1 diabetes and explored whether youth negative affect mediated these associations. Parental coercion (but not autonomy support) was concurrently associated with lower impulse control and higher negative affect within individuals. Increases in youth negative affect partially mediated the within-person association between parental coercion and impulse control. These findings suggest that parent-directed interventions to reduce parental coercion may be most beneficial for impulse control if combined with youth-directed interventions to help them regulate negative affect. Replication of the current findings in a larger sample of youth with and without a chronic illness is needed to address the theoretical and empirical importance of negative affect as a potential mechanism through which parental coercion impacts youth impulsivity.

The Lighter Side of Pain: Do Positive Affective States Predict Memory of Pain Induced by Running a Marathon?

BACKGROUND: Memory and in turn, memory of pain is a reconstructive process. This study considers the relationship between time, memory, affective states, and pain induced by running a marathon by investigating the influence of these factors on a participant's memory of pain experienced after a marathon. The following two hypotheses were formulated: 1) participants' recalled-pain of marathon experience is underestimated; and 2) the underestimation of recalled pain would be greater for participants experiencing higher positive affect. METHODS: A longitudinal design was employed to check pain intensities of marathon participants a) at the finish line and b) 6 months following its completion. The sample size was based on a power analysis, and 108 marathonists rated their pain intensities and positive and negative affects at the finish line. From this sample, 58 participants recalled their pain experience of running the marathon 6 months later. Linear models, including computer-based data-mining algorithms, were used. RESULTS: The experienced pain was higher than their recalled pain (t(55) = 3.412, p < 0.01, d = 0.45), supporting the first hypothesis. The memory of pain faded similarly in all participants, which did not directly support the second hypothesis. Further exploratory analysis suggested that negative and positive affective states were related to participants' pain memory; positive affective states appeared to be inversely related to the recall (ß = -0.289, p = 0.039). DISCUSSION: This study shows that time has a significant effect on memory recall and that emotions may also influence the memory of pain. This is the first study that preliminarily showcased the effect of positive affective states on the memory of pain induced by physical exercise.

Perfectionism dimensions: A network analysis of their relationships with affect and obsessive-compulsive pathological personality traits.

This study investigated the associations of multidimensional perfectionism with positive affect and negative outcomes (affect and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder [OCPD] pathological traits) through network analysis. The sample consisted of 604 Brazilian adults aged 18-74 years. The network analysis showed that perfectionistic concerns (PC) is strongly and positively associated with negative outcomes, while perfectionistic strivings (PS) maintain positive associations with positive affect, but not negative affect. Negative affect seems to operate as a bridge between perfectionism and OCPD pathological traits, raising crucial questions about the antecedent and consequential role of affect for understanding perfectionism's development and the traits observed in individuals with OCPD. We discuss the limitations and strengths of the study.

The contribution of positive affect and loneliness on readiness and self-efficacy to quit smoking among Spanish-speaking Mexican American smokers.

BACKGROUND: The existing research on affective and interpersonal determinants of smoking cessation largely under-represents minority smokers, such as Latinos. OBJECTIVE: The current study examined associations between affective and interpersonal factors with intermediary smoking cessation variables among Mexican-American smokers (N = 290; 60% male). METHODS: Measures of positive and negative affect, social support, and loneliness were each examined for associations with measures of motivational readiness to quit smoking, and smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Significant predictors were entered into models simultaneously to examine their unique associations. Covariates included gender, age, and educational attainment. RESULTS: Negative affect (b = .68, SE b = .14, p < .001) and loneliness (b = .20, SE b = .09, p < .05) were independently associated with motivation. Negative affect (b = .20, SE b = .06, p < .01) and positive affect (b = .34 SE b = .07, p < .001) were independently associated with self-efficacy. In the final models, only negative affect was associated with motivation (b = .68, SE b = .17, p < .001); whereas negative (b = .17, SE b = .06, p < .01) and positive (b = . 32, SE b = .07, p < .001) affect were associated with self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Results highlight the importance of resilience factors (e.g., positive affect) among Mexican-American smokers. Cessation interventions regularly target negative affect among smokers; additional focus on positive affect in cessation interventions with this population may be warranted.

DSM-5 Pathological Personality Traits Among College Students / Rasgos de Personalidad Patológica según el DSM-5 en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios

Abstract Individuals with personality pathology exhibit significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning that compromise psychological welfare of significant others. However, common pathological personality traits in college students remain unclear. This study aimed to describe pathological personality traits identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5) Section III alternative model of personality disorder in college students. This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. Participants were 81 college students from a Colombian University who were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Findings suggest that women scored significantly higher than men on hostility (z=-2.577; p=0.01; n 2 = 0.082). A medium size effect was found (p> 0.039) through the ( 2 index. The remaining variables did not prove statistically significant differences when controlling the participant gender (p < 0.05). The personality domain that reached the most dysfunctionality was disinhibition (risk taking, impulsivity, rigid perfectionism). Negative affect had the highest mean score and gender differences in facets and domains showed that women scored significantly higher than men on hostility. However, more studies into the pathological personality traits established by the PID-5 is required if the shift to a dimensional model is likely to occur in future editions of the DSM.

Resumen Las personas con patologías de la personalidad exhiben un deterioro significativo en el funcionamiento inter-intrapersonal que compromete el bienestar psicológico de los más cercanos. Sin embargo, los rasgos de personalidad patológica más comunes en estudiantes universitarios aún no son muy claros. Este estudio busca describir los rasgos de personalidad patológica identificados en el manual diagnóstico y estadístico de trastornos mentales (DSM-5), en estudiantes universitarios. Este es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental. Los participantes fueron 81 estudiantes del programa de psicología de una Universidad Colombiana quienes fueron evaluados por medio del Inventario de personalidad para el DSM-5. Los hallazgos sugieren que las mujeres tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas que los hombres en hostilidad (z=-2.577; p=0.01; n 2 = 0.082). Se encontró un tamaño del efecto medio (p> 0.039) por medio del índice ( 2 . En las demás variables no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al género (p < 0.05). Inhibición presentó el grado más alto de disfuncionalidad. Afecto negativo obtuvo la puntuación promedio más alta y las diferencias de género muestran que las mujeres tienden a ser más hostiles que los hombres. Sin embargo, son necesarios más estudios sobre los rasgos de personalidad patológica propuestos por el Inventario de personalidad para el DSM-5 si a futuro se propone un modelo dimensional.

Contacto con la Naturaleza: Favoreciendo la Conectividad con la Naturaleza y el Bienestar / Contact with Nature: Favoring Connectedness to Nature and Well-being

Resumen Las personas interactúan con la Naturaleza tanto a nivel físico como cognitivo y emocional, y la investigación científica ha puesto de manifiesto la capacidad de la Naturaleza de procurar el bienestar de las personas. Con el objetivo de conocer si el contacto con la Naturaleza se relaciona con mayores niveles de conectividad con la Naturaleza como de bienestar, se realizaron dos estudios. El primero se llevó a cabo con dos muestras diferentes: una de adolescentes (n = 283) y otra de adultos (n = 447), quienes respondieron un cuestionario mediante el que se evaluó la conectividad con la Naturaleza y el bienestar. A partir de los resultados de una prueba t de Student se observó mayor conectividad con la Naturaleza y bienestar en personas con un contacto frecuente con la Naturaleza, en ambas muestras. En el segundo estudio (n = 63), se investigó dicha relación en personas tras realizar un recorrido por un entorno natural artificial. Los resultados del análisis de varianza muestran que las personas que realizaron el recorrido obtuvieron mayores niveles de conectividad y afecto positivo, respecto a la línea base, que quienes no vivieron esta experiencia. Este trabajo evidencia las ventajas de la intervención psicológica mediante el contacto con la Naturaleza.

Abstract Humans relate to nature at a physical, cognitive, and emotional level, and scientific research has shown how this relation impacts on people's well-being. Two studies were carried out to determine whether contact with nature is related to higher levels of connectedness and well-being; one consisted of adolescents (n = 283) and the other of adults (n = 447), who responded to a questionnaire aimed at assessing connectivity with Nature and well-being. A greater connectedness and well-being were observed in people with frequent contact with nature. In the second study (n = 63), this relationship was studied in people after taking a tour through an artificial natural environment. The results show that the people who took the tour had higher levels of connectedness and positive affect, with levels increasing with respect to the baseline. In this study, the advantages of psychological intervention through contact with nature are evident.

Common and specific aspects of anxiety and depression and the metabolic syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: The associations of anxiety and depression with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are not consistent across studies. Anxiety and depression are highly correlated and traditional methods don't take the structure of this correlation into account. Our aim is to disentangle the relationship of these emotional conditions with MetS, using bifactor models, modelling both general and specific aspects between anxiety and depression. METHODS: Bifactor models were tested using the baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (n = 13,584). Anxiety and depression were accessed with the Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised. MetS was measured through assessment of its continuous components. RESULTS: A bifactor S-1 model better represent the 14 CIS-R indicators, composed by an internalizing factor corresponding to depressive symptoms, anxiety, worry and the shared variance of all remaining CIS-R indicators, and also by residual variance explained by a somatic (e.g., fatigue and pain) and fear (e.g., panic and phobias) specific factors. Internalizing spectrum (ß = 0.116; p < 0.001) and the fear specific factor (ß = 0.060; p = 0.008) were associated with MetS after adjusting for confounders, whereas somatic specific factor was unlikely to be associated with MetS (ß = 0.002; p = 0.934). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression indicators were associated with MetS via a shared internalizing factor and also by a residual fear factor, but not by somatic residual factor. This finding has potential implications about shared biological and behavioral mechanisms that may link emotional conditions with MetS in adults.

Affects as Mediators of the Negative Effects of Discrimination on Psychological Well-Being in the Migrant Population.

There is abundant empirical evidence on the negative effects of discrimination on psychological well-being. However, little research has focused on exploring the factors that can mitigate this effect. Within this framework, the present study examined the mediating role of positive and negative affects in the relationship between ethnic and racial discrimination and psychological well-being in the migrant population. About 919 Colombians, first-generation migrants, residing in Chile (Arica, Antofagasta, and Santiago) were evaluated, of which 50.5% were women, and the participants' average age was 35 years (range: 18-65 years). Krieger's discrimination questionnaires, Watson's Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale were applied. The measurement models of each variable were estimated, and then the structural equation models were used. The results of the hypothesized multiple mediation model showed that the main mediator in the relationship between ethnic-racial discrimination and psychological well-being was positive affects over negative ones.

An ultra-short measure of positive and negative affect: the Reduced Affective Well-Being Scale (RAWS) / Uma medida ultracurta de afeto positivo e negativo: a escala Reduzida de Bem-Estar Afetivo (RAWS) / Una medida ultra corta de afecto positivo y negativo: la Escala reducida de Bienestar Afectivo (RAWS)

In applied organizational research, where economy of scale is often a crucial factor in successful assessment, ultra-short measures are often needed. This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Reduced Affective Well-Being Scale (RAWS), an ultra-short measure of positive and negative affect in the workplace. This 6-item ultra-short version was compared with the original 12-item scale proposed by Segura and González-Romá (2003) in terms of internal consistency and criterion validity, using a sample of 1117 bank employees. In addition, longitudinal measurement invariance and within-subject reliability of the RAWS over time were assessed in a longitudinal sample of 458 employees at 12 time points. Results provide evidence that the RAWS is similar to the full scale in terms of reliability and validity. In addition, the RAWS shows satisfactory within-person reliability and factor loading invariance over time. In studies with intensive longitudinal designs that require repeated measures of affective well-being, the use of RAWS is a recommendable option.

Na pesquisa organizacional aplicada, onde a economia de escala é freqüentemente um fator crucial para uma avaliação bem-sucedida, medidas ultracurtas são freqüentemente necessárias. Este estudo investiga as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Bem-Estar Afetivo Reduzido (RAWS), uma medida ultracurta de afeto positivo e negativo no local de trabalho. Esta versão ultracurta de 6 itens foi comparada com a escala original de 12 itens proposta por Segura e González-Romá (2003) em termos de consistência interna e validade de critério, usando uma amostra de 1117 funcionários do banco. Além disso, a invariância da medição longitudinal e a confiabilidade dentro do indivíduo do RAWS ao longo do tempo foram avaliadas em uma amostra longitudinal de 458 funcionários em 12 pontos no tempo. Os resultados fornecem evidências de que o RAWS é semelhante à escala completa em termos de confiabilidade e validade. Além disso, o RAWS mostra confiabilidade interna satisfatória e invariância de carga fatorial ao longo do tempo. Em estudos com desenhos longitudinais intensivos que requerem medidas repetidas de bem-estar afetivo, o uso de RAWS é uma opção recomendável.

En la investigación organizacional aplicada, donde la economía de escala es a menudo un factor crucial para una evaluación exitosa, a menudo se necesitan medidas ultracortas. Este estudio investiga las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de bienestar afectivo reducido (RAWS), una medida ultracorta de afecto positivo y negativo en el lugar de trabajo. Esta versión ultracorta de 6 ítems se comparó con la escala original de 12 ítems propuesta por Segura y González-Romá (2003) en términos de consistencia interna y validez de criterio, utilizando una muestra de 1117 empleados bancarios. Además, la invariancia de medición longitudinal y la fiabilidad intraindividual del RAWS a lo largo del tiempo se evaluaron en una muestra longitudinal de 458 empleados en 12 puntos temporales. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de que el RAWS es similar a la escala completa en términos de fiabilidad y validez. Además, el RAWS muestra una fiabilidad intrapersona satisfactoria e invariancia de carga de factores a lo largo del tiempo. En estudios con diseños longitudinales intensivos que requieran medidas repetidas de bienestar afectivo, el uso de RAWS es una opción recomendable.

Rumiación cognitiva y afecto negativo como predictores diferenciales de los síntomas psicopatológicos internalizantes / Cognitive rumination and negative affect as differential predictors of internalizing psychopathological symptoms

Resumen Los modelos transdiagnósticos para los problemas de ansiedad, depresión y somatización han tenido evidencia para variables como la rumiación cognitiva y el afecto negativo; sin embargo, las asociaciones diferenciales entre estas dos variables en la explicación psicopatológica requiere aún ser investigada. El objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la rumiación cognitiva según las dimensiones de la rumiación: reproche y reflexión, con el afecto negativo y los síntomas psicopatológicos internalizantes depresivos, ansiosos y psicosomáticos en adultos colombianos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa con un diseño transversal explicativo, en el que se definió una red estructural de relaciones entre constructos mediante un diagrama de senderos y ecuaciones estructurales. Se contó con una muestra final de 640 personas, con una edad media de 31.07 años (DE = 11.27). Los resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas parciales y de orden cero entre las variables transdiagnósticas y las sintomáticas internalizantes, mediante un modelo ajustado que permitió explicar en un 74 % estas problemáticas a partir de la rumiación cognitiva y la función mediadora parcial del afecto negativo. En los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos se obtuvo que están mediados parcialmente por el afecto negativo, mientras que la medida de somatización obtuvo un coeficiente de regresión significativo con el afecto negativo como predictor independiente. Estos resultados aportan a la comprensión de la interacción de la rumiación y el afecto en la aparición de los síntomas internalizantes de manera diferencial. Se recomendó contar con una muestra clínica que ayudaría a identificar con mayor precisión la varianza explicada del modelo obtenido, lo que favorecerá los actuales tratamientos transdiagnósticos disponibles.

Abstract The transdiagnostic models of anxiety, depression and somatization problems have had evidence for variables such as cognitive rumination and negative affect, however, the differential associations between these two variables in the psychopathological explanation, still need to be investigated. The aim was to analyze the relationship between cognitive rumination according to the two dimensions: brooding and reflection, with negative affect and depressive, anxious, and psychosomatic internalizing psychopathological symptoms. A quantitative research was carried out with an explanatory cross-sectional design in which a structural network of relationships between constructs was defined by a path diagram and structural equations. There was a final sample of 640 people with a mean age of 31.07 years (SD = 11.27). The results indicated significant partial and zero-order correlations between transdiagnostic and internalizing symptomatic variables, using an adjusted model that allowed explaining these problems in 74% from cognitive rumination, and the partial mediating function of negative affect. In depressive and anxious symptoms, they were partially mediated by the negative affect, while the somatization measure obtained a significant regression coefficient with the negative affect as an independent predictor. These results contribute to the understanding of the interaction of rumination and affect in the appearance of differential internalizing symptoms. It was recommended to have a clinical sample that would help to more accurately identify the explained variance of the obtained model, as well as favor the current and available transdiagnostic treatments.

Influência do afeto no julgamento e decisão contábil / Influence of affection on judgment and accounting decision

Para avaliar a influência do afeto no julgamento e tomada de decisão contábil, realizou-se uma pesquisa experimental. A amostra compreendeu 115 alunos do curso de graduação em Ciências Contábeis, separados em dois grupos: afeto positivo (58) e afeto negativo (57). Todos os participantes foram requisitados a resolverem um caso de julgamento contábil para tomada de decisão. Ao entrarem na sala, foram orientados pela atriz/empresária, que teve a incumbência de gerar afeto positivo ou negativo para cada um dos grupos em momentos distintos. A atriz simulou ser uma empresária e os participantes os contadores que teriam que lhe ajudar. Para a análise dos dados, realizou-se os testes qui-quadrado e Mann-Whitney. Os resultados revelam que o afeto positivo influencia no julgamento e tomada de decisão contábil, quando o nível de dificuldade é maior para a resolução de determinado problema, o que faz com que os participantes analisassem a questão com mais atenção na identificação da melhor decisão diante do problema apresentado. A partir dos resultados, organizações contábeis poderão direcionar recursos para práticas que melhorem as relações de seus contadores com seus clientes, pois tais relações podem influenciar o comportamento no ambiente de trabalho e afetar o julgamento e tomada de decisão.

To assess the influence of affection on judgment and accounting decision-making, an experimental survey was conducted. The sample comprised 115 undergraduate students in Accounting Sciences, separated into two groups: positive affect (58) and negative affect (57). All participants were asked to resolve an accounting judgment case for decision making. Upon entering the room, they were guided by the actress/businesswoman, who had the task of generating positive or negative affection for each of the groups at different times. The actress pretended to be a businesswoman and the participants were accountants who would have to help her. For data analysis, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were performed. The results reveal that positive affect influences judgment and accounting decision-making when the level of difficulty is greater in solving a certain problem, which makes participants analyze the issue more carefully in identifying the best decisionin the face of the problem. introduced. Based on the results, accounting organizations will be able to direct resources to practices that improve their accountants' relationships with their clients, as such relationships can influence behavior in the workplace and affect judgment and decision making.

Mediterranean Diet and the Emotional Well-Being of Students of the Campus of Melilla (University of Granada).

A certain link exists between the consumption of particular groups of food and well-being. In this study, we analyzed in depth the relationship between strict adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and emotional well-being through a descriptive, exploratory, transversal, and correlational study of students from the Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Spain. The sample consisted of 272 individuals. Adherence to the MD was measured with the PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea (PREDIMED) questionnaire, emotional well-being (both positive and negative affection) with the Spanish version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the state of perceived health with the Short Form-36 (SF36), and the degree of physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). A strict adherence to the MD was found to be significantly related to positive emotional state (ß = 0.018, p = 0.009). The perceived state of health (ß = 0.192, p < 0.001), mental role (ß = 0.346, p < 0.001), and physical activity (ß = 0.155, p = 0.007) were found to be predictive factors of a positive emotional state. Conversely, the relationship between the adherence to the MD and a negative emotional state was not significant. Various components of the MD were found to be independently connected to well-being. The results suggest that adopting a nutritional pattern such as the MD is linked to an improvement in emotional well-being.

Suicidal Ideation Mediates the Relationship Between Affect and Suicide Attempt in Adolescents.

Suicide, as one of the leading causes of death for the adolescent population, both in Chile and globally, remains a complex and elusive phenomenon. This research studies the association between positive and negative affect in relation with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt, given that affectivity is a fundamental basis on which people make evaluations on their satisfaction with life. First, it examines the reliability, structure, and validity of Watson's positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) scale in a representative random sample of Chilean high school students (N = 4,568). The scale evidences strong reliability coefficients and a confirmatory factor analysis, excluding one positive (excited) and one negative (nervous) item. The scale shows a satisfactory goodness of fit. Secondly, it investigates the association of PANAS positive and negative affect scores with suicidal ideation as well as reported attempt in adolescents, controlling for the potential effect of age and sex (N = 420 high school students). Low positive and high negative affect, but not sex and age, show a significant association with suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation totally mediates the association of affect with suicide attempt, as expected. Results are discussed regarding prevention and it considers how positive and negative affect can be relevant as indicators for prevention and treatment using widely available technology.

Emotional Responses to Stressors in Everyday Life Predict Long-Term Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Individuals' emotional responses to stressors in everyday life are associated with long-term physical and mental health. Among many possible risk factors, the stressor-related emotional responses may play an important role in future development of depressive symptoms. PURPOSE: The current study examined how individuals' positive and negative emotional responses to everyday stressors predicted their subsequent changes in depressive symptoms over 18 months. METHODS: Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, participants (n = 176) reported stressor exposure, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) five times a day for 1 week (n = 5,483 observations) and provided longitudinal reports of depressive symptoms over the subsequent 18 months. A multivariate multilevel latent growth curve model was used to directly link the fluctuations in emotions in response to momentary stressors in everyday life with the long-term trajectory of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Adults who demonstrated a greater difference in stressor-related PA (i.e., relatively lower PA on stressor vs. nonstressor moments) reported larger increases in depressive symptoms over 18 months. Those with greater NA responses to everyday stressors (i.e., relatively higher NA on stressor vs. nonstressor moments), however, did not exhibit differential long-term changes in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Adults showed a pattern consistent with both PA and NA responses to stressors in everyday life, but only the stressor-related changes in PA (but not in NA) predicted the growth of depressive symptoms over time. These findings highlight the important-but often overlooked-role of positive emotional responses to everyday stressors in long-term mental health.

Validation of the positive and negative affect scale in the Chilean population and its application on migrant people. / Validación de la escala de afecto positivo y negativo en población chilena y su aplicación en personas migrantes residentes en Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Although the positive and negative affect scale proposed by Mroczek and Kolarz has not been as widely used as other instruments, the adequate psychometric properties reported and the simplicity of the application, make it an adequate instrument to measure the hedonic component of subjective well-being. Thus, the scale validation in Chile will allow researchers to have a short and reliable instrument available in order to measure subjective well-being. OBJECTIVE: The initial objective of this study was to in Chile the "Positive and negative affect scale" proposed by Mroczek and Kolarz. METHODS: A non-probabilistic sample of 155 Chileans and a sample of 308 adult immigrants residing in Chile from Colombia, Peru and Venezuela were recruited. The sample of Chileans was used to validate the scale. The construct validity (Cronbach's Alpha and exploratory factor analysis) and the concurrent validity through bivariate correlations with other measures were estimated. Finally, the differences in affect expression by Chileans in comparison with migrants’ people were evaluated. RESULTS: The reliability index was Alpha = 0.92 for the positive affect sub-scale and Alpha = 0.75 for the negative affect sub-scale. The exploratory factor analysis reproduced in the same way the factorial loadings proposed in the original instrument with saturations greater than 0.35 per item. Colombian and Venezuelan migrants show greater expression of positive affect than Chileans, while this difference is not observed when comparing Chileans with Peruvians. CONCLUSION: The positive and negative affect scale has adequate psychometric properties to measure the expression of affect (hedonic well-being) in the Chilean population.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque la escala de afecto positivo y negativo propuesta por Mroczek y Kolarz no ha sido tan ampliamente utilizada como otros instrumentos, las adecuadas propiedades psicométricas publicadas hasta ahora, sumado a la rapidez de su aplicación; la sitúan como un instrumento adecuado para medir el componente hedónico del bienestar subjetivo. En este sentido, la validación de la escala en Chile permitirá a los investigadores tener a disposición un instrumento breve y fiable con el cual medir el bienestar subjetivo. OBJETIVO: El objetivo inicial de este estudio fue validar en Chile la escala de afecto positivo y negativo propuesta por Mroczek y Kolarz. MÉTODOS: Se reclutó a una muestra no probabilística de 155 chilenos junto con una muestra de 308 inmigrantes adultos residentes en Chile de nacionalidades colombiana, peruana y venezolana. La muestra de chilenos se utilizó para la validación de la escala. Se evaluó la validez de constructo (Alfa de Cronbach y análisis factorial exploratorio), y luego la validez concurrente a través de correlaciones bivariadas con la medida de “sentimiento de felicidad” de Wold (1995) y de “satisfacción con la vida” de Keyes, Shmotkin and Ryff (2002). Finalmente, se valoraron las diferencias en la expresión de afecto de los chilenos en comparación con la de los migrantes. RESULTADOS: El índice de fiabilidad fue de Alfa = 0,92 para la subescala de afecto positivo y de Alfa = 0,75 para la subescala de afecto negativo. El análisis factorial exploratorio reprodujo de manera idéntica las cargas factoriales propuestas en el instrumento original con saturaciones de los ítems mayor a 0,35 por factor. Los migrantes colombianos y venezolanos muestran mayor expresión de afecto positivo que los chilenos, mientras que esta diferencia no se observa al comparar chilenos con peruanos. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala de afecto positivo y negativo presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para medir la expresión de afecto (bienestar hedónico) en la población chilena.

Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Psychometric Properties and Discriminative Capacity in Several Chilean Samples.

We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and discriminative capacity of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire in four different samples: two general adult populations (N = 1,548, N = 964), one adolescent population (N = 1,044), and young people with depressive symptomatology (N = 307). Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were performed with subsamples from Studies 1 (n = 773) and 2 (n = 527), finding that the two- and three-factor solutions had a good fit. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor solution resulted in an adequate fit in a second set of subsamples from both studies (n = 775, n = 517). In Study 3, we found good convergent and divergent validity with adequate and significant correlations found for depression (Beck's Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and neuroticism and extroversion (Big Five Inventory). In Study 4, the results of an EFA performed in a subsample (n = 154) found that the two- and three-factor solutions were appropriate with the former solution being confirmed in a second subsample (n = 153). Reliability was α = .85 for positive affect and α = .87 for negative affect. The PANAS questionnaire showed adequate indicators of validity and reliability in adult and adolescent populations as well as in a sample with depressive symptoms.

Validación de la escala de afecto positivo y negativo en población chilena y su aplicación en personas migrantes residentes en Chile / Validation of the positive and negative affect scale in the Chilean population and its application in migrant people

INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque la escala de afecto positivo y negativo propuesta por Mroczek y Kolarz no ha sido tan ampliamente utilizada como otros instrumentos, las adecuadas propiedades psicométricas publicadas hasta ahora, sumado a la rapidez de su aplicación; la sitúan como un instrumento adecuado para medir el componente hedónico del bienestar subjetivo. En este sentido, la validación de la escala en Chile permitirá a los investigadores tener a disposición un instrumento breve y fiable con el cual medir el bienestar subjetivo. OBJETIVO: El objetivo inicial de este estudio fue validar en Chile la escala de afecto positivo y negativo propuesta por Mroczek y Kolarz. MÉTODOS: Se reclutó a una muestra no probabilística de 155 chilenos junto con una muestra de 308 inmigrantes adultos residentes en Chile de nacionalidades colombiana, peruana y venezolana. La muestra de chilenos se utilizó para la validación de la escala. Se evaluó la validez de constructo (α de Cronbach y análisis factorial exploratorio), y luego la validez concurrente a través de correlaciones bivariadas con la medida de "sentimiento de felicidad" de Wold (1995) y de "satisfacción con la vida" de Keyes, Shmotkin & Ryff (2002). Finalmente, se valoraron las diferencias en la expresión de afecto de los chilenos en comparación con la de los migrantes. RESULTADOS: El índice de fiabilidad fue de α = 0,92 para la subescala de afecto positivo y de α = 0,75 para la subescala de afecto negativo. El análisis factorial exploratorio reprodujo de manera idéntica las cargas factoriales propuestas en el instrumento original con saturaciones de los ítems > 0,35 por factor. Los migrantes colombianos y venezolanos muestran mayor expresión de afecto positivo que los chilenos, mientras que esta diferencia no se observa al comparar chilenos con peruanos. CONCLUSIÓN: La escala de afecto positivo y negativo presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para medir la expresión de afecto (bienestar hedónico) en la población chilena.

INTRODUCTION: Although the positive and negative affect scale proposed by Mroczek and Kolarz has not been widely used as other instruments, the adequate psychometric properties reported and the simplicity of the application, place it as an adequate instrument to measure the hedonic component of subjective well-being. Thus, the scale validation in Chile will allow researchers to have available a short and reliable instrument in order to measure subjective well-being. OBJECTIVE: The initial objective of this study was to validate in Chile the "Positive and negative affect scale" proposed by Mroczek and Kolarz. METHODS: A non-probabilistic sample of 155 Chileans and a sample of 308 adult immigrants residing in Chile of Colombian, Peruvian and Venezuelan nationality were recruited. The sample of Chileans was used to validate the scale. The construct validity (Cronbach's α and exploratory factor analysis) and the concurrent validity through bivariate correlations with other measures were estimated. Finally, the differences in the affect expression of Chileans in comparison with migrants' people were evaluated. RESULTS: The reliability index was α = 0.92 for the positive affect sub-scale and α = 0.75 for the negative affect sub-scale. The exploratory factor analysis reproduced in the same way the factorial loadings proposed in the original instrument with saturations > 0.35 per item. Colombian and Venezuelan migrants show greater expression of positive affect than Chileans, while this difference is not observed when comparing Chileans with Peruvians. CONCLUSION: The positive and negative affect scale has adequate psychometric properties to measure the expression of affect (hedonic well-being) in the Chilean population.