A systematic review of the prevalence of anxiety symptoms during coronavirus epidemics.

Coronavirus pandemics causes systemic and mainly pulmonary changes. We assessed the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in pandemic survivors and the general population. Papers indexed by MEDLINE/PubMed, The Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, Scielo, Psycoinfo, and Pepsic databases were searched to April 2020, using GAD and Coronavirus (CoV) infection as keywords. Sixteen studies with 25,779 participants in eight countries were included. A 46% pooled prevalence of anxiety symptoms (95% CI 33.9-58.2%) was found with significant evidence of between-study heterogeneity (Q = 154953, I2 = 99.99%, p < 0.001). Age and sex were not found to be significant moderators for anxiety symptoms. Intervention programs for anxiety symptoms are highly recommended.

Anxiolytic effect of fatty acids and terpenes fraction from Aloysia triphylla: Serotoninergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic implications.

Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic medicinal plant, and it is used for the treatment of "nervous" problems as, "sadness" and "nervousness". While, there are no reports about its pharmacological activity in animal models. The objective of this work was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of the extracts and fractions of this species and to measure the interaction of the most active fraction with serotonergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic drugs. An elevated plus maze test was carried ought where the methanol (AtM), dicloromethane (AtD) and hexanic (AtH) extracts presented anxiolytic activity in mice when exposed to the test. Also, different fractions obtained from the AtD were evaluated (AtF1, AtF2 and AtF3, 15mg/kg), and showed that fraction AtF1 possessed the anxiolytic activity, in the same model. Then, AtF1 was co-administered with different drugs, which act on GABAergic (bicuculline, picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, baclofen and phaclofen), or serotononinergic (DOI, 8-OH-DPAT, WAY 100635 and ketanserine) or glutamatergic (NMDA, MPEP and MK-801) systems. The anxiolytic activity of AtF1 was modified by GABAergic and serotoninergic drugs. Chemical analysis of this fraction by using GC-MS, showed that it contains hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, eicosanoic acid methyl ester, vitamin E, α-amiryn, campesterol, sitosterol, stigmastan-2,22, dien-3-ol (4) and stigmasta 5, 24 (28) dien-3-ol.

Intervenciones freudianas sobre el problema de la nerviosidad: la neurosis de angustia como crítica al paradigma neurasténico de la modernidad de George M. Beard / Intervenções freudianas sobre o problema da nervosidade: a neurose de angústia como crítica ao paradigma neurastênico da modernidade de George M. Beard / Freud's interventions into the question of nervousness: the anxiety neurosis as George Beard's critique of the neurasthenic paradigm of modernity / Les interventions freudiennes sur le problème de la nerviosité: la névrose d'angoisse comme critique du paradigme neurasthénique de la modernité de George M. Beard

El presente artículo analiza la crítica freudiana a la categoría de neurastenia, propuesta por George Beard. Primeramente, se exponen las hipótesis de Beard que asocian nerviosidad, civilización moderna y neurastenia; luego, se identifica la concepción freudiana de nerviosidad implicada en la categoría de neurosis de angustia. Al refutar los postulados de Beard, Freud no sólo hará un aporte a la psicopatología de su época, sino que otorgará un nuevo fundamento a la nerviosidad moderna.

O presente artigo analisa a crítica freudiana à categoria de neurastenia, proposta por George Beard. Primeiramente, se expõe as hipóteses de Beard que associam nervosidade, civilização moderna e neurastenia; em seguida, se identifica a concepção freudiana de nervosidade implicada na categoria da neurose de angústia. Ao refutar os postulados de Beard, Freud não só contribuirá à psicopatologia da sua época, mas também outorgará um novo fundamento à nervosidade moderna.

This article examines Freud's critique of the category of neurasthenia as proposed by George Beard. First, it presents Beard's hypotheses that associate nervousness, modern civilization and neurasthenia. It then identifies Freud's concept of nervousness as applied to the category of anxiety neurosis. In refuting Beard's postulates, Freud not only made a contribution to psychopathology of his time, but also presented a new basis for modern nervousness.

Cet article examine la critique de Freud portant sur la catégorie de la neurasthénie proposée par George Beard. Nous présentons en premier lieu les hypothèses de Beard qui associent la nervosité, la civilisation moderne et la neurasthénie. Ensuite, nous identifions la conception freudienne de la nervosité impliquée dans la catégorie de névrose d'angoisse. En réfutant les principes de Beard, Freud ne contribue non seulement à la psychopathologie de son époque, mais fournit également un nouveau fondement à la nervosité moderne.

Intervenciones freudianas sobre el problema de la nerviosidad: la neurosis de angustia como crítica al paradigma neurasténico de la modernidad de George M. Beard / Intervenções freudianas sobre o problema da nervosidade: a neurose de angústia como crítica ao paradigma neurastênico da modernidade de George M. Beard / Freud's interventions into the question of nervousness: the anxiety neurosis as George Beard's critique of the neurasthenic paradigm of modernity / Les interventions freudiennes sur le problème de la nerviosité: la névrose d'angoisse comme critique du paradigme neurasthénique de la modernité de George M. Beard

El presente artículo analiza la crítica freudiana a la categoría de neurastenia, propuesta por George Beard. Primeramente, se exponen las hipótesis de Beard que asocian nerviosidad, civilización moderna y neurastenia; luego, se identifica la concepción freudiana de nerviosidad implicada en la categoría de neurosis de angustia. Al refutar los postulados de Beard, Freud no sólo hará un aporte a la psicopatología de su época, sino que otorgará un nuevo fundamento a la nerviosidad moderna.(AU)

O presente artigo analisa a crítica freudiana à categoria de neurastenia, proposta por George Beard. Primeiramente, se expõe as hipóteses de Beard que associam nervosidade, civilização moderna e neurastenia; em seguida, se identifica a concepção freudiana de nervosidade implicada na categoria da neurose de angústia. Ao refutar os postulados de Beard, Freud não só contribuirá à psicopatologia da sua época, mas também outorgará um novo fundamento à nervosidade moderna.(AU)

This article examines Freud's critique of the category of neurasthenia as proposed by George Beard. First, it presents Beard's hypotheses that associate nervousness, modern civilization and neurasthenia. It then identifies Freud's concept of nervousness as applied to the category of anxiety neurosis. In refuting Beard's postulates, Freud not only made a contribution to psychopathology of his time, but also presented a new basis for modern nervousness.(AU)

Cet article examine la critique de Freud portant sur la catégorie de la neurasthénie proposée par George Beard. Nous présentons en premier lieu les hypothèses de Beard qui associent la nervosité, la civilisation moderne et la neurasthénie. Ensuite, nous identifions la conception freudienne de la nervosité impliquée dans la catégorie de névrose d'angoisse. En réfutant les principes de Beard, Freud ne contribue non seulement à la psychopathologie de son époque, mais fournit également un nouveau fondement à la nervosité moderne.(AU)

O nervosismo como categoria nosográfica no começo do século XX / Nervousness as a nosographic category in the early twentieth century

Apresenta o quadro conceitual que cerca a categoria nervosismo na psiquiatria brasileira do começo do século XX, tal como evidenciado em artigo de Henrique Roxo publicado nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Psiquiatria, Neurologia e Medicina Legal em 1916, e enseja sua contextualização na história das classificações psiquiátricas e das representações sobre os nervos e o sistema nervoso. Com isso, pretende contribuir para o mapeamento do naturalismo fisicalista (ou epifenomenismo), como tendência constante das representações sobre a pessoa e suas perturbações na cultura ocidental moderna.

The paper presents the conceptual framework surrounding the category of nervousness in Brazilian psychiatry in the early twentieth century as represented in an article by Henrique Roxo published in Arquivos Brasileiros de Psiquiatria, Neurologia e Medicina Legal in 1916, and contextualizes it in the history of psychiatric classifications and representations about nerves and the nervous system. As such, it intends to contribute towards mapping out physicalistic naturalism (or epiphenomenalism), which can be seen throughout the representations of the human person and their disturbances in modern western culture.

[Injectable contraceptives. 10 years' clinical experience]. / Anticonceptivos inyectables. Diez años de experiencia clínica.

PIP: 3 parenteral progestogens (medroxyprogesterone acetate, northisterone enanthate, and dehydroxyprogesterone acetophenide with estradiol enanthate, DPA) were studied in 907 women during 14,958 cycles over a 10-year period. The findings are summarized in 9 diagrams. The frequency of the principal side effects - intermenstrual bleeding, amenorrhea, headache, dizziness and nervousness - varied with the different substances. Intermenstrual bleeding and amenorrhea were least serious using DPA. When the injections were administered at the appropriate intervals, the drugs were effective and no pregnancies occurred. After suspending the treatment, the menstrual pattern returned to normal and the endometrium was fully regenerated. To date no fetal abnormalities have been reported after discontinuing the treatment.^ieng

[Control of fertility with microdoses of D'norgestrel]. / Control de la fertilidad con microdosis de d'norgestrel.

PIP: 113 multiparous fertile women ranging in age from 20 to 40 with regular menstrual cycles and who had not taken orals for 90 days prior to the trial were given continuous daily doses of 37.5 mcg of D-norgestrel for 4-14 cycles for a total of 1163 cycles of observation. A group of 20 who completed 14 cycles of treatment were given extensive physicals before and after the investigation including endometrial biopsies, vaginal hormone cytology, and blood and liver function tests. None of the patients became pregnant. Side effects were minimal and consisted mainly of headaches and nervousness. The most commonly experienced menstrual irregularities were amenorrhea and short cycles. In 2 cases curettage was done because of continuous bleeding. There was no incidence of thrombosis. There were no important changes in blood count, blood chemistry, urine, or in hepatic function. The biopsies indicated that the drug suppressed ovulation.^ieng

[Secondary effects of ethynodiol diacetate plus mestranol]. / Efectos secundarios del diacetato de etinodiol mas mestranol.

PIP: Medical histories of 436 patients treated with Ovulen after childbirth or an abortion were examined in order to collect a sample of women who had taken the orals for 6-12 cycles. A group of 70 patients was thus formed. The following parameters were investigated: weight variation; blood pressure; nausea and vomiting; varicosities; variation in menstrual flow and length of period; breast-related side effects; jaundice; psychic alteration, i.e., nervousness, anxiety, or depression; changes in libido; headaches; skin changes; and pregnancy. Results are presented both in graph and table form. Weight change was found to tend more to loss than to gain. No statistically significant changes in blood pressure were observed. Nausea and associated symptoms tended to disappear after the 9th cycle. Edema was present in only 6% of all cycles. The most common side effect was varicosities, present in 25% of the sample, but in no instance did thrombosis occur nor was varicosity a cause for discontinuation in any case. Breast-related side effects were more common at the outset. No jaundice was observed. Psychic alterations were not common and were mostly insignificant and tended to occur more frequently at the outset. 12% of the sample had headaches from the beginning of treatment up until the 8th month, after which they began to disappear. Only 1 patient had chloasma and then only during the 1st 2 cycles. There was a marked tendency toward menorrhagia which was thought to be beneficial due to the prevalence of anemia in the group. Changes in libido were minimal and tended to disappear after the 8th cycle. None of the patients became pregnant.^ieng