Síndrome de Wells secundario a dimetilfumarato. A propósito de un caso clínico / Dimethyl fumarate induced Wells syndrome. A case report

Introducción: El síndrome de Wells, también conocido como celulitis eosinofílica, es una rara dermatosis con aproximadamente 200 casos descritos en la bibliografía. Aquí presentamos un caso clínico de un paciente con esclerosis múltiple y síndrome de Wells secundario a dimetilfumarato (DMF). Caso clínico: Mujer de 41 años que en julio de 2021 inició el tratamiento con DMF. Una semana más tarde, comenzó con prurito en las extremidades derechas, seguido por la aparición de zonas eritematosas con vesículas. El hemograma mostró elevación del recuento de los eosinófilos hasta 2.000 µL. El estudio anatomopatológico evidenció un infiltrado eosinófilo a nivel de la dermis compatible con síndrome de Wells. La evolución clínica fue favorable, con resolución de las lesiones y normalización de la eosinofilia aproximadamente en cuatro semanas. No fue necesario administrar corticoesteroides. Conclusiones: La eosinofilia es rara en los pacientes con EM tratados con DMF y generalmente no precisa ajuste de dosis. A pesar de que las manifestaciones clínicas de la eosinofilia en estos pacientes sean raras, es importante que el médico reconozca los síntomas. Numerosos neurolépticos pueden causar eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos; por lo tanto, los facultativos deben conocer los riesgos de la asociación entre DMF y neurolépticos, en particular por la quetiapina, que contiene fumarato.(AU)

Introduction: Wells syndrome, also known as eosinophilic cellulitis, is a rare dermatosis with approximately 200 cases previously described in the literature. Here, we present a case of a patient with multiple sclerosis with Wells syndrome induced by dimethyl fumarate (DMF). Case report: A 41-year-old Caucasian woman was treated with DMF in July 2021. One week later, she experienced itching on her upper and lower right arm, followed by the appearance of erythematous plaques covered with vesicles. The complete blood count showed an increased eosinophil count of up to 2,000 µL. The histological images demonstrated dermal eosinophil infiltration concordant with Wells syndrome. The clinical course was benign, with complete resolution of the lesions and normalization of the eosinophil count within four weeks. Administration of corticosteroids was not necessary. Conclusions: Eosinophilia is rare in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with DMF and usually does not require dosage adjustments. Although clinical manifestations of eosinophilia in these patients are very rare, it is important for practitioners to recognize the symptoms. Many neuroleptic drugs can induce eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; therefore, physicians must be aware of the risks associated with DMF and neuroleptic drugs, particularly for quetiapine, which contains fumarate.(AU)

Quedas na doença de Huntington / Falls in Huntington's Disease

Introdução: Quedas estão associadas com injúrias, medo de cair, diminuição da mobilidade funcional e piora na qualidade de vida. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre os fatores potencialmente contribuintes para ocorrência de quedas na Doença de Huntington (DH) assim como sobre as circunstâncias nas quais elas ocorrem. Objetivos: Investigar as características clínicas potencialmente associadas com o aumento do risco de quedas na DH, assim como as circunstâncias nas quais as quedas ocorrem e suas consequências. Métodos: Dados demográficos e clínicos foram obtidos através de entrevista, revisão do prontuário e exame físico. Instrumentos para avaliação de risco de quedas (TUG), sintomas motores (UHDRS, UPDRS), distúrbios da marcha (10MWT, FOG), distúrbios cognitivos (MEEM, FAB, FDT, Hayling,Ekman), alterações comportamentais (Irritability Scale, BIS-11, BDI-II, NPI-Q) e distúrbios do equilíbrio (BBS) foram aplicado em todos pacientes. Resultados: Foram obtidos dados de 40 pacientes e 24 (60%) apresentaram ≥ 2 quedas nos últimos 6 meses e foram considerados "caidores recorrentes". Idade, idade de início da doença e duração da doença (DCL) não diferiram entre os grupos. Em contrapartida, a dose de neurolépticos medida em equivalentes de Olanzapina (OE) foi maior no grupo dos "caidores recorrentes." Os pacientes "caidores recorrentes" também apresentaram pior performance no desempenho da UHDRS-TMS, UPDRS, BBS e mais coreia do que os "não-caidores". Houve também diferença estatística na comparação dos tempos de escolha e alternância do FDT indicando pior desempenho cognitivo do grupo dos "caidores recorrentes" no teste. "Caidores- recorrentes" também apresentaram mais comportamento motor aberrante do que os "não- caidores". Não houve diferença na comparação dos parâmetros espaço-temporais da marcha estudados, assim como no desempenho do TUG. Ambos os grupos apresentaram altos índices de medo de queda. Somente o modelo contento o BBS alcançou significância estatística na regressão logística. Cerca de 80% das quedas ocorreram dentro de casa, caminhar foi o ato mais comum durante as quedas. Ainda, 40% das quedas foram classificadas como intrínsecas. Conclusão: As quedas são frequentes na DH assim como o medo de cair. Nosso estudo sugere que o risco de quedas na doença de Huntington seja multifatorial. Altas doses de neurolépticos, coreia, sintomas cognitivos e comportamentais e particularmente distúrbios do equilíbrio contribuem para ocorrência de quedas na HD.

Introduction: Falls are associated with injuries, fear of falling, decreased functional mobility and worsening in quality of life. However, little is known about the potentially contributing factors to the occurrence of falls in Huntington's Disease (HD) as well as the circumstances in which they occur. Objectives: To investigate clinical features potentially associated with an increased risk of falls in HD, as well as the circumstances in which falls occur and their consequences.Methods: Demographic and clinical data was obtained through interviews, chart review and physical examination. Instruments for fall risk assessment (TUG), motor symptoms (UHDRS, UPDRS), gait disorders (10MWT, FOG), cognitive disorders (MMSE, FAB, FDT, Hayling, Ekman), behavioral changes (Irritability Scale, BIS- 11, BDI-II, NPI-Q) and balance disorders (BBS) were applied to all patients.Results: Data from 40 patients was obtained and 24 (60%) had ≥ 2 falls in the last 6 months and were considered "recurrent fallers". Age, age of disease onset and disease duration (DCL) did not differ between groups. In contrast, the dose of neuroleptics measured in olanzapine equivalents (EO) was higher in the "recurrent fallers" group. The "recurrent fallers" also showed worse performance in the execution of the UHDRS-TMS, UPDRS, BBS and more chorea than the "non-fallers". There was also a statistical difference in the comparison of times of choice and alternation of the FDT, indicating worse cognitive performance of the "recurrent fallers" group in the test. "Recurrent fallers" also showed more aberrant motor behavior than "non-fallers". There was no difference in the comparison of the spatio-temporal gait parameters studied, nor in the TUG performance. Both groups had high rates of fear of falling. Only the model containing the BBS reached statistical significance in the logistic regression. About 80% of falls occurred indoors, walking was the most common act during falls. In addition, 40% of falls were classified as intrinsic. Conclusion: Falls are frequent in HD as well as the fear of falling. Our study suggests that the risk of falls in Huntington's disease is multifactorial. High doses of neuroleptics, chorea, cognitive and behavioral symptoms and particularly balance disorders contribute to the occurrence of falls in HD.

Acatisia inducida por antipsicóticos: recomendaciones para la práctica clínica / Antipsychotic-induced akathisia: recommendations for clinical practice

La acatisia es uno de los eventos adversos inducidos por antipsicóticos más prevalentes y puede generar severa angustia en quien lo experimente. Se caracteriza por inquietud psicomotora objetiva y subjetiva. Pertenece al gran paraguas de los "síntomas extrapiramidales", sin embargo, tiene sus particularidades clínicas lo que representa un desafío clínico, tanto en su diagnóstico como en su manejo específico. La presente revisión sintetiza la información disponible a la fecha y ofrece al clínico recomendaciones para prevenir, reconocer y manejar esta complicación frecuente de una de las familias de psicofármacos de mayor prescripción clínica en la actualidad.

Abstract. Akathisia is one of the most prevalent antipsychotic-induced adverse events and causes severe distress in those who experience it. It is characterized by objective and subjective psychomotor restlessness. Usually classified under the great umbrella of extrapyramidal symptoms; however, it has its own clinical peculiarities, which might represent a challenge for the clinician in diagnosis as well as specific management. This review synthesizes the information available to date on antipsychotic-induced akathisia and offers the clinician recommendations to prevent, recognize and treat this prevalent complication of one of the most widely prescribed psychotropic medications today.

Rocuronium-sugammadex for electroconvulsive therapy management in neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case report. / Rocuronio-sugammadex para el manejo de la terapia electroconvulsiva en el síndrome neuroléptico maligno, a propósito de un caso.

Neuroleptics are a group of drugs widely used in the treatment of psychotic symptoms. Among their adverse effects is the ability to trigger a neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The diagnosis of NMS is determined by exclusion, and its initial therapeutic management should be the withdrawal of neuroleptics, the administration of benzodiazepines, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is an effective treatment in these patients, and in those cases with a poor response to treatment with antipsychotic drugs. A review is presented on the treatment options and anaesthetic implications of ECT used to handle a patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in the context of NMS.

Síndrome Maligno por Neurolépticos. Presentación de un caso / Malignant Syndrome Due to Neuroleptics, Case

El síndrome maligno por neuroléptico es una condición grave de la termorregulación que es causado por la utilización de neurolépticos tanto los de primera generación hasta los más modernos; su mortalidad es elevada, pero con el advenimiento de nuevos estudios la mortalidad por el mismo ha disminuido considerablemente. Diversas son las drogas que se utilizan para su tratamiento entre ellas las utilizadas en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Se trató de una paciente femenina de raza negra, 56 años de edad que fue tratada con neurolépticos convencionales por descompensación a nivel psicótico de una enfermedad histérica, acudió a nuestro servicio con hipertermia, rigidez, deshidratación, entre otros síntomas, siendo valorada la posibilidad de una hipertermia maligna y tratada en unidad de cuidados intermedios, con medicamentos anti-parkinsonianos y anti-cálcicos egresando a los siete días con remisión total del cuadro neurológico(AU)

The malignant syndrome due to neuroleptics is a critical condition of thermoregulation caused by the use of neuroleptics, both the ones from the first generation as well as the modern ones; its mortality is high, but with the new studies this condition has diminished significantly.Different drugs are used for its treatment, among them there are the ones used on Parkinson disease. A 56 years old black feminine patient that was treated with conventional neuroleptics due to an unbalance at a psychotic level of a hysterical disease; came to our service with hyperthermia, rigidity, dehydration among other symptoms .The possibility of a malignant hyperthermia was assessed and she was treated with anti-Parkinson and anti- calcium medicines in a intermeddle care unit. She left the unit seven days later with a total recovery of the neurological state

Psicosis inducida por corticoides en un adolescente: reporte de un caso clínico / Corticosteroid – induced psychosis in an adolescent: a clinical case report

La psicosis inducida por corticoides es una entidad clínica muy poco frecuente dentro de la práctica psiquiátrica infanto-juvenil. Presentamos el caso de un adolescente de 14 años que recibió terapia corticoidal intramuscular, endovenosa y oral para tratar un cuadro alérgico, que debuta posteriormente con un episodio psicótico a los pocos días de haber finalizado dicho tratamiento. Se muestrla presentación clínica, el enfrentamiento diagnóstico-terapéutico inicial, el manejo de especialidad y el seguimiento posterior.

The Corticosteroid induced psychosis is a rare clinical entity within the child and adolescent psychiatric practice. We report a case of a 14 years adolescent that received intramuscular, intravenous and oral corticosteroid therapy to treat an allergy, who debuts later with a psychotic episode a few days after finishing such treatment. It is shown the clinical presentation, the initial diagnostic and therapeutic confrontation, the specialist management and the follow up.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome / Síndrome neuroléptica maligna

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal adverse event associated with the use of antipsychotics (AP). The objective of this study was to investigate the profile of cases of NMS and to compare our findings with those published in similar settings. A series of 18 consecutive patients with an established diagnosis of NMS was analyzed, gathering data on demography, symptoms and signs. Two thirds of all cases involved woman with a past medical history of psychiatric disorder receiving relatively high doses of AP. The signs and symptoms of NMS episodes were similar to those reported in other series and only one case had a fatal outcome, the remaining presenting complete recovery. As expected, more than two thirds of our cases were using classic AP (68 percent), however the clinical profile of these in comparison with those taking newer agent was similar. Newer AP also carry the potential for NMS.

A síndrome neuroléptica maligna (SNM) é um evento adverso potencialmente fatal associado ao uso de antipsicóticos (AP). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as características clínicas de cases da SNM e comparar nossos resultados com os publicados na literatura. Uma série de 18 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de SNM foram analisados, associando dados demográficos, apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e tratamento. Dois terços dos casos envolveram mulheres com antecedentes psiquiátricos que recebeceram doses relativamente altas de AP. Os sinais e sintomas foram semelhantes àqueles já relatados na literatura e a maioria dos pacientes teve uma recuperação completa, exceto por um caso com desfecho fatal. Houve predomínio de pacientes que usam medicamentos neurolépticos clássicos (68 por cento), porém não houve diferença nas manifestações destes casos em relação àqueles que usavam AP novos. AP mais novos também têm o potencial de causar SNM.

Tratamiento farmacológico de la depresión en niños y adolescentes / Pharmacological treatment of depression in children and adolescents

Introducción: La depresión constituye un importante problema de salud en el mundo. Se considera que solo el 20-25 por ciento de todas sus categorías diagnósticas reciben adecuado tratamiento lo cual es aún peor en los niños y los adolescentes. Con el propósito de realizar una actualización del tema se revisaron un grupo de publicaciones en diferentes sitios Web, e impresas las cuales aparecen referidas en la bibliografía. Se exponen los elementos imprescindibles para el adecuado tratamiento de esta afección haciendo referencia a los antidepresivos y otros medicamentos como neurolépticos y estabilizadores del estado de ánimo, indicaciones para su uso, según tipo, intensidad y momento del trastorno, dosis recomendadas, efectos indeseables y duración de la terapia; se mencionan también otras estrategias no farmacológicas(AU)

Introduction: The depression constitutes an important problem of health in the world. It is considered that only from 20 25 percent of all its diagnostic categories receive an appropriate treatment, which is even worst in children and teenagers. Some issues were reviewed and printed in different websites with the aim of making an up to date topic which are refered in the bibliography. Some essential elements are stated for the use of an appropriate treatment of the disease making reference to antidepressives and other medicines like neuroleptics and stabilizers for the state of mind; the prescription for their usage according to type; intensity and the disorder time; advice of the dose, unexpective effects and therapy duration. Other non pharmacological strategies are also emphasized(AU)

Neurolépticos en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia paranoide del paciente hospitalizado / Neuroleptic drugs for the treatment of paranoid squizophrenia in the hospitalizad patient

Se realizó un estudio de utilización de medicamentos: indicación-prescripción, con elementos de consumo y consecuencias prácticas en el Hospital Psiquiátrico de Santa Clara durante el año 2006. Se elaboró un formulario con datos como: edad, sexo, tiempo de evolución, neurolépticos usados, estadía hospitalaria y precio de los medicamentos por unidad. Se propuso describir el uso de neurolépticos en el manejo de la esquizofrenia paranoide del paciente hospitalizado, contrastar el número de neurolépticos utilizados según estadía hospitalaria y tiempo de evolución, así como los costos del tratamiento en estos pacientes. El análisis se realizó mediante pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas, con un nivel de significación de 0,01 ó 0,05. Como resultados relevantes se observaron que los fármacos usados con mayor frecuencia fueron flufenacina y clorpromacina. La combinación más empleada resultó ser la flufenacina y clorpromacina. El grupo de pacientes con más de 63 días de estadía hospitalaria, mostró el más alto gasto promedio en medicamentos. Se concluyó que los neurolépticos más utilizados fueron la flufenacina, la clorpromacina y el levomepromacina. Existe asociación entre el número de neurolépticos utilizados y el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad. La estadía hospitalaria constituye el indicador que más encareció la terapéutica del paciente esquizofrénico.

A drug use evaluation study that considered prescription, consumption elements and practical consequences was carried out in the Psychiatric Hospital of Santa Clara city in Villa Clara province during 2006. A form to collect data such as age, sex, time of evolution, neuroleptic drugs used, stay at hospital and price of drug per unit was made. The objective was to describe the use of neuroleptic drugs in the management of paranoid squizophrenia of the hospitalized patient, to compare the number of neuroleptic drugs that was used according to stay at hospital and time of evolution as well as the cost of treatment given to these patients. Parametric and non-parametric tests, with a level of significance of 0,01-0,05, were the basis of the analysis. Among the relevant results, it was observed that the most frequent drugs for treatment were Flufenacin and Chlorpromazine; the most used combination of drugs turned to be Flufenacin plus Chlorpromazine. The group of patients who stayed at hospital for over 63 days showed the highest average drug cost. It was concluded that the most used neuroleptic drugs were Flufenacin, Chlorpromazine and Levomepromazine; there was association between the number of neuroleptic drugs and the time of evolution of disease. The stay at hospital is the indicator that increased the most the cost of treatment provided to squizophrenic patients.

Neurolépticos en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia paranoide del paciente hospitalizado / Neuroleptic drugs for the treatment of paranoid squizophrenia in the hospitalizad patient

Se realizó un estudio de utilización de medicamentos: indicación-prescripción, con elementos de consumo y consecuencias prácticas en el Hospital Psiquiátrico de Santa Clara durante el año 2006. Se elaboró un formulario con datos como: edad, sexo, tiempo de evolución, neurolépticos usados, estadía hospitalaria y precio de los medicamentos por unidad. Se propuso describir el uso de neurolépticos en el manejo de la esquizofrenia paranoide del paciente hospitalizado, contrastar el número de neurolépticos utilizados según estadía hospitalaria y tiempo de evolución, así como los costos del tratamiento en estos pacientes. El análisis se realizó mediante pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas, con un nivel de significación de 0,01 ó 0,05. Como resultados relevantes se observaron que los fármacos usados con mayor frecuencia fueron flufenacina y clorpromacina. La combinación más empleada resultó ser la flufenacina y clorpromacina. El grupo de pacientes con más de 63 días de estadía hospitalaria, mostró el más alto gasto promedio en medicamentos. Se concluyó que los neurolépticos más utilizados fueron la flufenacina, la clorpromacina y el levomepromacina. Existe asociación entre el número de neurolépticos utilizados y el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad. La estadía hospitalaria constituye el indicador que más encareció la terapéutica del paciente esquizofrénico(AU)

A drug use evaluation study that considered prescription, consumption elements and practical consequences was carried out in the Psychiatric Hospital of Santa Clara city in Villa Clara province during 2006. A form to collect data such as age, sex, time of evolution, neuroleptic drugs used, stay at hospital and price of drug per unit was made. The objective was to describe the use of neuroleptic drugs in the management of paranoid squizophrenia of the hospitalized patient, to compare the number of neuroleptic drugs that was used according to stay at hospital and time of evolution as well as the cost of treatment given to these patients. Parametric and non-parametric tests, with a level of significance of 0,01-0,05, were the basis of the analysis. Among the relevant results, it was observed that the most frequent drugs for treatment were Flufenacin and Chlorpromazine; the most used combination of drugs turned to be Flufenacin plus Chlorpromazine. The group of patients who stayed at hospital for over 63 days showed the highest average drug cost. It was concluded that the most used neuroleptic drugs were Flufenacin, Chlorpromazine and Levomepromazine; there was association between the number of neuroleptic drugs and the time of evolution of disease. The stay at hospital is the indicator that increased the most the cost of treatment provided to squizophrenic patients(AU)

Síndromes extrapiramidales tardíos en pacientes psicóticos crónicos tratados con decanoato de flufenacina / Extrapyramidal syndromes in chronic psychotic patients treated with fluphenazine decanoate

Los síndromes extrapiramidales tardíos constituyen un efecto adverso problemático de los neurolépticos convencionales. Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de trastornos del movimiento y qué factores se asocian con su aparición en pacientes sicóticos crónicos tratados durante períodos largos con neurolépticos clásicos y de depósito. Métodos: Se recogen los resultados de la evaluación clínica neurológica de 64 sujetos con psicosis crónica en tratamiento parenteral con decanoato de flufenacina y otras drogas antipsicóticas clásicas. Resultados: El tiempo de evolución promedio de la enfermedad psiquiátrica fue de 11 años; 53,9 por ciento de los enfermos con trastornos del movimiento tenia asociado otro neuroléptico al tratamiento con decanoato; 62,5 por ciento de los pacientes tenía alguna variante de trastorno del movimiento, en la que predominó el parkinsonismo tardío (46,8 por ciento) seguido de acatisia tardía (12,7 por ciento). Resultó estadísticamente significativo el tabaquismo como factor asociado a la aparición de síndrome extrapiramidal tardío. La dosis de decanoato de flufenacina se asoció al parkinsonismo. Conclusiones: Los síndromes extrapiramidales tardíos constituyen una complicación frecuente del tratamiento con neurolépticos convencionales. El parkinsonismo resulta ser la variante más común(AU)

Introduction: The late extrapyramidals syndromes constitute a problematic adverse effect of the conventional neuroleptics. The objective of this investigation was to find the prevalence of movement disorders and the factors associated to its appearance in chronic psychotic patient treated during long periods with classic neuroleptics of deposit. Methods: In this study we made a clinical evaluation of 64 subjects suffering chronic psychosis with parenteral treatment of fluphenazine decanoate and other classics antipsychotic drugs. Results: The average evolution time of the psychiatric illness was 11 years. 53.9 percent of the sick persons with movement disorders had associated another neuroleptic to the treatment with decanoate. 62.5 percent of the patients had some variant of movement disorders, in which the parkinsonism prevailed (46.8 percent followed by late akathisia (12.7 percent). Tobacco smoking and the frequency of administration of the decanoate were statistically significant in patients with late extrapyramidals syndromes. The dose and the time of treatment with fluphenazine decanoate were associated to Parkinsonism. Conclusions: The late extrapyramidals syndromes constitute a frequent complication of the treatment with conventional neuroleptics. The parkinsonism turns out to be the most common variant. Key words: late extrapyramidals syndromes, parkinsonism, neuroleptics, Fluphenazine Decanoate(AU)

Novos antipsicóticos para o tratamento da esquizofrenia / New antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia

CONTEXTO: Os antipsicóticos de segunda geração representam o grande avanço na terapêutica da esquizofrenia das últimas décadas, porém nos últimos anos foram sintetizados novos antipsicóticos que estão abrindo maiores perspectivas no campo do tratamento da esquizofrenia. Alguns desses medicamentos já foram lançados, enquanto outros estão em fase de testes. OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma síntese do conhecimento dos novos antipsicóticos de segunda geração. MÉTODOS: Busca por meio do PubMed e literatura específica fornecida pelos fabricantes dos medicamentos. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: São apresentadas as principais características farmacológicas, de eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade dos seguintes antipsicóticos: Asenapina, ACP-103, Bifeprunox, Paliperidona, Risperidona de Ação Prolongada e Sertindol.

BACKGROUND: The second generation antipsychotics represent the great achievement in the treatment of schizophrenia of the last decades. However in the last years some new antipsychotics were synthesized and such new compounds may represent great perspectives for the field of the treatment of schizophrenia. Some of these compounds are in use while others are still on evaluation through clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: Summarize the current knowledge of new antipsychotics. METHODS: PubMed search as well literature provided by the manufactures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We present the main pharmacological characteristics as well as profiles of efficacy, security and tolerability of the following compounds: Asenapine, ACP-103, Bifeprunox, Paliperidone, Long Acting Injectable Risperidone and Sertindole.

Estudo da implantação de dosagem de drogas terapêuticas no Laboratório Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Introduction study of therapeutic drugs at the Central Laboratory Clinics Hospital from Universidade Federal of Minas Gerais

A Monitorização de Drogas ou Controle Terapêutico (CT) é a determinação da concentração de uma ou mais drogas em fluidos biológicos com o objetivo principal de individualização da dose. Nesses termos, vários grupos de fármacos têm sido avaliados. Apesar disso, a dosagem de neurolépticos tem maior difusão nos laboratórios especializados, em função, principalmente, da gravidade apresentada pelos pacientes; sob terapia dessas drogas, tanto na ausência de efeitos farmacológicos (subdose) ou no desenvolvimento de efeitos tóxicos (superdose). Devido à pequena demanda que existia no Laboratório Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (LCHC UFMG), as dosagens eram realizadas por laboratórios conveniados. No entanto, com o crescimento da demanda, verificou-se a viabilidade da implantação dessa rotina no LCHC UFMG, quanto aos custos e rapidez dos resultados. Dessa forma, verificou-se que as drogas mais requisitadas no período de agosto/93 a julho/94 foram o ácido valpróico, carbamazepina, fenitoína, fenobarbital, pelas Clínicas Médicas, Neurologia, Pediatria. Sendo o valor pago por dosagem ao laboratório conveniado, cerca de US$ 21,00, o valor recebido pelo INAMPS variou de US$ 6,00 a US$ 12,00 no decorrer do período citado anteriormente, e o valor de custos para o LCHC UFMG implantar, cerca de US$ 8,30. A média dos custos totais, de exames realizados, pago ao laboratório conveniado nesse período foi de US$ 10.262,00, o valor recebido pelo INAMPS foi de US$ 4.498,00, enquanto o valor de custos para LCHC UFMG seria em média US$ 4.048,00, usando o aparelho Cobas Mira (Roche). Desta forma, optou-se pela implantação das dosagens dessas drogas terapêuticas.

Sindrome neuroleptico maligno / Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

El sindrome neuroleptico maligno (SNM) es una complicacion rara, idiosincratica y potenciamente fatal, relacionanda con el uso de drogas que afectan el sistema dopaminergico; su cuadro clinico consiste en sintomas extrapiramidales, signos de disfuncion autonomica y trastornos en el estado de conciencia, asociados a leucocitosis y a cifras muy elevadas de creatinina fosioquinasa. Reportamos el caso de un hombre de 32 anos que preesento un sindrome catatonico severo despues del uso intrahospitalario de antipsicoticos potentes a altas dosis para el control de una depresion psicotica. Se discuten las caracteristicas clinicas del paciente y los hallazgos comunes en el SNM

The Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) Is a rare, idiosyncratic and potentially fatal complication of therapy with many drugs affecting the dopaminergic system; It Includes extrapyramidal symptoms, signs of autonomic dysfunction, disorders of consciousness, leucocytosis and an increase in serum creatine phosphokinase .We report the case of a 32 years old man, who developed a severe catatonic syndrome after receiving high doses of potent neuroleptics to control a psychotic depression. Clinical features of this case and common findings of NMS are discussed