Una mirada histórica a la menstruación a través de una receta médica del siglo xix en el Nuevo Reino de Granada / A historical look at menstruation through a 19th century medical prescription in the New Kingdom of Granada

La menstruación ha tenido diferentes significados en diversas culturas a lo largo de la historia. Desde Regnier de Graaf en el siglo xvii hasta la fecha, pasando por la médica norteamericana Mary Putnam Jacobi a finales del sigloxix, un buen número de pioneros científicos estudiaron el sistema reproductor femenino con el fin de entender la fisiología del ciclo menstrual. En el Nuevo Reino de Granada, durante los siglos xviii yxix, se desarrolló por parte de médicos y boticarios una receta médica a base de agentes herbarios y de origen animal con el fin de regular el ciclo menstrual, disminuyendo de esta forma síntomas asociados a esta condición para evitar el estigma sociocultural que esta condición implicaba para la mujer en aquel entonces. Esta receta se encuentra en la actualidad consignada en el archivo histórico Cipriano Rodríguez Santamaría en la biblioteca Octavio Arizmendi Posada de la Universidad de La Sabana en Chía, Colombia. La redacción y autoría de esta receta no es del todo clara, y su uso se basa eventualmente en la experiencia y observación de quienes en esa época la utilizaron, sin bases científicas para respaldar su eventual efecto modulador y terapéutico.(AU)

Menstruation has had different meanings in various cultures throughout history. From Regnier de Graaf in the 17th century to the American physician Mary Putnam Jacobi in the late 19th century, a number of pioneering scientists have studied the female reproductive system in order to understand the physiology of the menstrual cycle. In the New Kingdom of Granada, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, doctors and apothecaries developed a medical prescription based on herbal and animal products in order to regulate the menstrual cycle. In this way the symptoms associated with this condition were reduced in order to avoid the socio-cultural stigma that it implied for women at that time. This prescription is currently stored in the Cipriano Rodríguez Santamaría Historical Archives at the Octavio Arizmendi Posada Library at La Sabana University in Colombia, South America. The writing and authorship of this prescription is not entirely clear, and its use is based on the experience and observation of those who used it at that time, with no scientific basis to support its eventual modulating and therapeutic effect.(AU)

A mestizo cosmographer in the New Kingdom of Granada: astronomy and chronology in Sánchez de Cozar Guanientá's Tratado (c.1696).

This article interprets a recently recovered manuscript, Tratado de astronomía y la reformaçión del tiempo, composed by Antonio Sánchez in New Granada c.1696, in the context of the Spanish and Renaissance cosmographies. Sánchez's Tratado proposes a spherical astronomy, in which celestial bodies - including comets - move in orbs containing pyramidal knots that explain the changing speed observed in the motion of planets. From this astronomy and following the peninsular style of repertorios, Sánchez derives two major conclusions: the corrected length of the solar year and a revised birth date of Jesus. Taking as center of reference Vélez, where Sánchez was based, these claims led to conclusions in domains ranging from calendric astronomy to eschatology, including the incorporation of the indigenous peoples into salvation narrative and a demonstration of the arrangement of the celestial orbs at the Last Judgment. Sánchez's Tratado constitutes an expansion of the Spanish mathematical cosmography that sheds light on the production of knowledge in the Spanish-American world and, at the same time, provides elements to reassess our understanding of the global circulation of Renaissance and early modern ideas.

Surgery through time. Saturn extract: an 18th century medical prescription.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a medical prescription from the 18th century in the New Kingdom of Granada, nowadays Colombia, used in the treatment of soft tissue injuries, specifically wounds and skin ulcers. METHOD: A documentary search was conducted in the Cipriano Rodríguez Santamaria Historical Archive of the Octavio Arizmendi Posada Library, at Universidad de La Sabana (Chía, Colombia), and a review of the literature available in electronic databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The colonial medical prescription mentions the benefits of lead acetate in poultice for inflammatory processes in general and skin alterations. However, its use is not recommended due to its potential cytotoxic effect at tissue level in various organs.

OBJETIVO: Analizar una receta médica del siglo XVIII en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, hoy República de Colombia, utilizada para el tratamiento de las lesiones de tejidos blandos, específicamente heridas y úlceras en la piel. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda documental en el Archivo Histórico Cipriano Rodríguez Santamaría de la Biblioteca Octavio Arizmendi Posada, en la Universidad de La Sabana (Chía, Colombia), y se hizo una revisión de la literatura disponible en bases de datos electrónicas. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIÓN: En la receta médica colonial se mencionan los beneficios del uso de lo que se interpreta como acetato de plomo en cataplasma para procesos inflamatorios en general y alteraciones de la piel. Sin embargo, en la actualidad se conoce su potencial efecto citotóxico tisular en diversos órganos.