RESUMO
Introduction: The class Ascidiacea has about 3 000 species, which fulfill various roles in the ecosystem, for example, they filter high amounts of particles, and are shelter and food for other animals. Furthermore, the group has a high number of invasive species reported. In Costa Rica, ascidians have been barely studied. Objective: In this study, we aim to describe the diversity of ascidians in Costa Rica from new samplings in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, North Pacific, and by compiling previous reports for the entire country in order to improve the group's state of knowledge. Methods: Samples were collected during two field trips between 2018 and 2019, at six sites within the Gulf of Santa Elena and three sites near the Murcielago Islands area. The specimens were dissected and analyzed in detail to determine the species. All the identifications were compared with the available information from literature and from museum collections. Literature, collections databases of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and the new material collected were used to create an updated taxonomic list. Results: A total of eight species were obtained from 70 specimens. Of these, five are new reports for the country, which increase to 22 species the total number reported for Costa Rica. The most common species was Rhopalaea birkelandi, whose presence was higher in Santa Elena Bay. Conclusions: This study improved the knowledge of ascidian diversity in Costa Rica. Polyandrocarpa anguinea, reported for the first time, is considered invasive in other areas, which suggests the necessity of a continuous monitoring of its population. It is necessary to include more areas of the country since almost all the reported species come from the North Pacific; the diversity of ascidians from other parts of the country, especially the Caribbean, is still unknown.
Introducción: La clase Ascidiacea tiene alrededor de 3 000 especies, las cuales llevan a cabo varias funciones en el ecosistema, por ejemplo: filtrar altas cantidades de partículas y servir de refugio y alimento para otros animales. Asimismo, para el grupo se han reportado un gran número de especies invasoras. En Costa Rica las ascidias han sido poco estudiadas. Objetivo: En el presente estudio buscamos describir la diversidad de ascidias en Costa Rica a partir de nuevos muestreos en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Pacífico Norte y mediante la recolección de reportes previos para el país para así aumentar el conocimiento del grupo. Métodos: Las muestras fueron colectadas en dos giras entre el 2018 y 2019, en seis sitios en el Golfo de Santa Elena y tres sitios cerca de las Islas Murciélago. Los especímenes fueron disectados y analizados en detalle para su identificación. Todas las identificaciones fueron comparadas con la información encontrada en la literatura y en colecciones de museos. Literatura, bases de datos de la colección del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de la Institución Smithsonian y el nuevo material colectado, fueron utilizados para crear un listado taxonómico actualizado. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de ocho especies del muestreo. De estas, cinco son nuevos reportes, incrementando el total de especies reportadas en Costa Rica a 22. La especie más común fue Rhopalaea birkelandi, cuya presencia fue mayor en Bahía Santa Elena. Conclusiones: Este estudio mejoró el conocimiento sobre la diversidad de ascidias en Costa Rica. Polyandrocarpa anguinea, reportada por primera vez, es considerada una especie invasora en otras áreas, lo que sugiere la necesidad de monitorear su población de forma continua. Es necesario incluir más áreas del país en futuros estudios puesto que casi todas las especies reportadas provienen del Pacífico Norte; la diversidad de otras partes del país, especialmente el Caribe permanece desconocida.
RESUMO
Las enfermedades de origen zoonótico han sido gravemente descuidadas en países en vía de desarrollo, sin tener en cuenta que esto puede tener graves implicaciones a nivel de salud pública, particularmente para Colombia, en las últimas décadas se han dado fuertes cambios sociales que han implicado, entre otras cosas, el aumento de la tendencia a la posesión de animales de compañía incluyendo a Equus ferus caballus, para el cual, la microbiota asociada ha sido mal estudiada en comparación con otros animales. Por lo anterior, se planteó como objetivo identificar la microbiota bacteriana y parasitaria asociada a la materia fecal de Equus ferus caballus, para cumplir dicho objetivo, se tomaron muestras independientes para cada uno de los fines, realizando la concentración de parásitos mediante la técnica de Ritchie y cultivo de bacterias para su posterior identificación mediante el Kit BD BBL CRYSTAL E/NF y GP. Para el análisis de los datos se realizó regresión logística mediante Statgraphics. Se lograron aislar 19 bacterias de las cuales seis fueron explicadas por al menos uno de las variables tenidas en cuenta. Nueve de las bacterias aisladas no se habían reportado con anterioridad para equinos. Se reportan tres géneros de parásitos nuevos para la especie (Balantidium sp, Cyclospora sp. y Taenia sp.) y cuatro nuevos para el país (Allantosoma sp, Blepharocorys sp, Cycloposthium sp. y Bundleia sp.) Se concluye que las variables tenidas en cuenta si tienen influencia en la incidencia de algunos microorganismos aislados, de igual manera se reportan nuevas especies de bacterias para Equus ferus caballus así como de parásitos.
Diseases of zoonotic origin have been seriously neglected in developing countries, without taking into account that this may have serious public health implications, particularly for Colombia, in recent decades there have been strong social changes that have involved, among other things, the increase of the tendency to the possession of companion animals including Equus ferus caballus, for which, the associated microbiota has been poorly studied in comparison with other animals. Therefore, we set ourselves the objective of identifying the bacterial and parasitic diversity associated with fecal matter of Equus ferus caballus. For this, independent samples were taken for each of the purposes, making the concentration of parasites using the Ritchie technique; Samples for bacterial isolation were processed and identified with the BD BBL CRYSTAL E / NF and GP Kit. For the analysis of the data, logistic regression was performed using Statgraphics. We were able to isolate 19 bacteria, of which six were explained by at least one of the variables taken into account. Nine of the isolated bacteria had not been previously reported for equines. Three genera of new parasites are reported for the species (Balantidium sp, Cyclospora sp and Taenia sp.) And four new for the country (Allantosoma sp, Blepharocorys sp, Cycloposthium sp. and Bundleia sp.) It is concluded that the variables taken into if they have influence on the incidence of some isolated microorganisms, in the same way new species of bacteria for Equus ferus caballus as well as parasites are reported.
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos , Parasitos , Balantidium , CyclosporaRESUMO
Members of one species of Leodice Lamarck, 1818, one species of Lysidice Lamarck, 1818, and another of Palola Gray in Stair, 1847 were found among material from rhodolith beds, collected off the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, northeastern Brazilian coast. Of those species, one is new to science and the other two are new records for the state of Pernambuco, although their occurrence on neighbouring areas was already known. Leodice calcaricola sp. nov. resembles morphologically L. miurai (Carrera-Parra Salazar-Vallejo, 1998) as members of both species share similar body size, moniliform prostomial appendages, similar numbers of branchial filaments (1-3 per branchia), and, especially, by having falcigers with bidentate blades on anterior chaetigers, and tridentate on posterior ones. These species differ, however, since specimens of L. calcaricola sp. nov. have distinctly shorter antennae and palps, homodont and heterodont pectinate chaetae, three types of aciculae and two subacicular hooks per midbody parapodium. The other two species which members were found on the rhodolith beds are Lysidice cf. unicornis (Grube, 1840) and Palola brasiliensis Zanol, Paiva Attolini, 2000. We describe herein new species to science and provide a redescription for L. cf. unicornis because the Brazilian specimens of this species have never been formally described.
Assuntos
Anelídeos , Poliquetos , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , BrasilRESUMO
Se da a conocer 25 nuevos registros de angiospermas a la flora peruana, como resultado de diferentes exploraciones botánicas realizadas en el sur peruano, principalmente en los ámbitos de los departamentos de Cusco, Madre de Dios y Apurímac.
We present 25 new records of angiosperms for the Peruvian flora, as a result of different botanical explorations conducted in southern Peru, mainly in the areas of the departments of Cusco, Apurimac and Madre de Dios.
RESUMO
Because of the few records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, known as the Tinguá region. Thirteen species were added to the list of Streblidae in the state of Rio de Janeiro, of which two were new records for Brazil. Thirty-one species have now been reported this state.
Devido aos poucos registros de Streblidae em morcegos, apesar do amplo estudo com esses mamíferos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado um levantamento numa área de Floresta Atlântica, no Município de Nova Iguaçu, conhecida como região do Tinguá. Foram adicionadas à lista de Streblidae do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 13 espécies, sendo dois novos registros para o Brasil, totalizando 31 espécies relatadas para o estado.